191 lines
20 KiB
XML
191 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="434FD630D6620198371E536BB3F108F0">A systematic revision of the genus Archocentrus (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with the description of two new genera and six new species.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="803E160DB48DAED267A0BECF3DF9860F">Juan J. Schmitter-Soto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AFF891DC2F54357F2BA6D96F193FA2BF">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AB8AEA4E519083278E628BC4A72DF788" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6248750" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100117433" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6248750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB8AEA4E519083278E628BC4A72DF788" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB8AEA4E519083278E628BC4A72DF788" lastPageNumber="29" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="E018DD3EC1D1847675B57467C9E5CA92" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="95F6FE212EFEE33D15CFE935F7622BF6" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="D52296D3CC4168C67F7062A2D9099334" ID-CoL="G9WL" ID-ENA="63170" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multispinosus">
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Archocentrus multispinosus (
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<bibRefCitation id="3BFE31A59FC3FA36319F3DE8C4A03090" author="Guenther, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="600 - 604" refId="ref35410" refString="Guenther, A. (1867) Memoir on the Fishes of the States of Central America, founded upon specimens collected in the fresh and marine waters of various parts of that country by Messrs. Salvin and Godman and Capt. J. M. Dow. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866, 600 - 604." type="journal article" year="1867">
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<normalizedToken id="639975A8377E2077CCEBE02E6D8566EE" originalValue="Günther" pageNumber="3">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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, 1867
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8712E86B74C710071DA7D4AEDF983117" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F778B931F1C9BADBA4C7FAEFEF5A6CA7" pageNumber="28">Figures 1, 3</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="970F4A0776245D630012CFA672F579F0" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C54F2C6925C00D954C05ADB7B3CE867F" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="6179D194FA142D81AA20C9D1AD247598" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CC6C0EE-F67A-4C3C-BC4D-7F797A1E0913" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Heros multispinosus Günther 1867:601" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multispinosus">
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Heros multispinosus
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<bibRefCitation id="412115170EA68A5CB7956BAE8F3A6EDA" author="Guenther, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="600 - 604" refId="ref35410" refString="Guenther, A. (1867) Memoir on the Fishes of the States of Central America, founded upon specimens collected in the fresh and marine waters of various parts of that country by Messrs. Salvin and Godman and Capt. J. M. Dow. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866, 600 - 604." type="journal article" year="1867">
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<normalizedToken id="D1D830B05759DCEB2E628A5B7126163B" originalValue="Günther" pageNumber="3">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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, 1867: 601
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(original description).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4B97FC2A2BF570568FEF8B9397633CA" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="A0195C7CFE87693A014048E1E8284E3B" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multispinosum" subGenus="Archocentrus">Cichlasoma (Archocentrus) multispinosum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="3A0255761C35A2BF6B7ABA832B0412F4" author="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W." pageNumber="3" pagination="955 - 1936" refId="ref35786" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. (1898) The fishes of North and Middle America: A descriptive catalogue of the species of fishes and fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. United States National Museum Bulletin, 47, 955 - 1936." type="journal article" year="1898">Jordan & Evermann 1898: 1525</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="550501DF911E700716A6B445FE3006DC" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD67ADFC2486F15D3025164C438EB5" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="1D2E68B3E869D88A29E26ED2E334A375" family="Cichlidae" genus="Herotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multispinosa">Herotilapia multispinosa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="37CA6A4A86EF7675A22AB232F4DF0CF8" author="Pellegrin, J." pageNumber="3" pagination="41 - 399" refId="ref36888" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1904) Contribution a l’ etude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlides. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de la France, 16, 41 - 399." type="journal article" year="1904">Pellegrin 1904: 211</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="100C4CE8CBDE3B89E47B112E08BAE7F4" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C6654594E7C89FB935EC24F35B1A54E" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="7CD81FF2F31C5F8176AF3D5962CF418C" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multispinosus">Archocentrus multispinosus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="74FA3BCD4F1079CE81ACE5DDEC25D4BD" author="Burgess, W. E." pageNumber="3" pagination="44 - 54" refId="ref34598" refString="Burgess, W. E. (2000) The Cichlasoma story. Herichthys, the break-up. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48, 44 - 54." type="journal article" year="2000">Burgess 2000: 54</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1111515E9442BA8E7AA125528C8F8E6" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="972319092CEBC554F125746278ECA696" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E0854137592BEC3B564C4344F335AA40" pageNumber="28">
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<materialsCitation id="713229540F0F7745C1004C762F35593A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923904357" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="J. M. Dow" country="Nicaragua" location="Lake Managua" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="BMNH 1865.7.20.34" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="5C7B86F155885FC6115E3D52775CC962" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCode id="297DBAF1BB8B95B9B9808D844BDF5D0D" pageNumber="3">
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<collectionCode id="DAEE97715B88EEACD7339255E10858A9" pageNumber="3">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1865.7.20.34
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</specimenCode>
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, 68 mm SL (Fig. 3),
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<collectorName id="5ED2CBF81C900584EB58931C4701708D" pageNumber="3">J. M. Dow</collectorName>
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.
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<location id="04B5FC00503187E0EC2CB126967AC6D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB8AEA4E519083278E628BC4A72DF788:04B5FC00503187E0EC2CB126967AC6D5" country="Nicaragua" name="Lake Managua" pageNumber="3">Lake Managua</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="7B5B10D72D9479FCE16D7C38A3017447" pageNumber="3">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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. No paratypes.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7BF5541D2EB657AFC8FCD421ECC36EC" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6BDC3FEB307DA035EDC4065909FE9899" pageNumber="28">
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Diagnosis. Autapomorphies (Schmitter-Soto, in press): both upper and lower symphysial teeth tricuspid; basally two rows of interradial scales on anal fin; rostral arm of articular bone only a little longer than dorsal process (ratio ca. 0.87, vs. 0.77 or less in other
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<taxonomicName id="7681CBD803310F59677D31C116A93D5F" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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); gut with IP = 6. Also diagnosable from all other
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<taxonomicName id="01BE491A67D7A565AC963ACBF8198F27" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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by a sigmoid (vs. irregular) posterior edge of urohyal; coronal pore triple (vs. single); narrowest point of dentigerous arm of premaxilla at caudal tip (vs. before tip). Truncate caudal-fin profile, synapomorphic with
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<taxonomicName id="B291F896033A1F498DED3A0D2760EAF5" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centrarchus">A. centrarchus</taxonomicName>
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(vs. rounded-truncate in
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<taxonomicName id="FD245A404F8D0B64DF59E3E6531742CE" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">A. spinosissimus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="47B0BB255FCDB9854DD0DD538FA03722" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E128A04A7E16810F4BBE341F4CCFB4DE" pageNumber="28">
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Description. D. XVIII-XIX,8-9; A. XI-XII,7-8; gill rakers on lower limb of first arch 8-9; gill rakers blunt, their ends trapezoidal, serrated. Scale rows on cheek 4-5 (contra
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<bibRefCitation id="1F8DB782426DD42F84C4F7AEB2FD7053" author="Stawikowski, R. & Werner, U." pageNumber="3" refId="ref37314" refString="Stawikowski, R. & Werner, U. (1998) Die Buntbarsche Amerikas. Bd. I. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 540 pp." type="book" year="1998">Stawikowski & Werner 1998</bibRefCitation>
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, who counted 3); pored lateral-line scales (not counting scales overlapping between the two segments of the lateral line) 27-29; 2.5 scales from lateral line to base of first dorsal-fin ray; circumpeduncular scales 19-21 (further meristic data appear in Table 3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2084EB6749EB0A2A0897775B56136500" lastPageNumber="29" pageNumber="28">
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Largest examined specimen 87 mm SL. Body rather oval, usually not so deep (47-54% of SL) and not so symmetrical horizontally, the curve of the nape somewhat more pronounced than the curve of the thoracic region. Head profile straight above orbits, convex at nape. Head length 33-35% of SL; orbital diameter 26-
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<pageBreakToken id="41D0D66B3B768703A8972D3562077ACB" pageNumber="3">33</pageBreakToken>
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% of head length (other morphometric data appear in Table 4). Maxilla extending to ventral rim of orbit; premaxillary dorsal process not reaching anterior rim of orbit. Teeth not embedded; incisors tricuspid (
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<bibRefCitation id="4F81B1C18BEC8521E5756BCD6E7EF4AE" author="Pellegrin, J." pageNumber="3" pagination="41 - 399" refId="ref36888" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1904) Contribution a l’ etude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlides. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de la France, 16, 41 - 399." type="journal article" year="1904">Pellegrin 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 20, 4), symphysial teeth aligned with adjacent teeth. Lower jaw not protruding. Lower lip at corner of mouth square, not rounded, the angle varying from right-angled to acute. Frenum present on lower lip.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D5E222D9B0B60A3031BAA31FF684AD8A" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph id="D9D119FAE9A86712E2E65548A61D6AE7" pageNumber="29">
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FIGURE 3.
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<taxonomicName id="CB153AE3985C4963EA486A6AEC118ED7" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multispinosus">Archocentrus multispinosus</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, BMNH 1865.7.20.34. Photo, BMNH, London.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="4D61B34BEA0770C2AFE600F12BB42E1B" pageNumber="29">
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Pectoral fins reaching posteriorly to 3rd -5th anal-fin spine, and pelvic fins extending to 4th -6th anal-fin spine; distal pelvic ray may bear filaments. Filamentous rays of dorsal and anal fins extending to about proximal third of caudal fin. Caudal fin truncate (contra
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<bibRefCitation id="1E61C91BF11E3B294B2B152C263E9D7E" author="Guenther, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="377 - 494" refId="ref35473" refString="Guenther, A. (1869) An account of the fishes of the states of Central America, based on collections made by Capt. J. M. Dow, F. Godman, Esq., and O. Salvin, Esq. Transactions of the Zooelogical Society of London, 6, 377 - 494." type="journal article" year="1869">
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<normalizedToken id="372E00392E013D6029684A6E984B4054" originalValue="Günther" pageNumber="3">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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||
1869
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="06B1E5E38492622C2F9AE00AE31554BC" author="Pellegrin, J." pageNumber="3" pagination="41 - 399" refId="ref36888" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1904) Contribution a l’ etude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlides. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de la France, 16, 41 - 399." type="journal article" year="1904">Pellegrin 1904</bibRefCitation>
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, who considered it rounded). Scales strongly ctenoid. A few, sporadic subsidiary pored scales on caudal fin, not forming rows; scales between dorsal fin rays, proximally in two rows, the rows up to 14 scales long.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19FC53867FBAFAC1EC11B2610A5B36A6" pageNumber="29">Gut strongly coiled, IP = 6. Genital papilla longer than wide (may be wider than long in females), widest at base, deeply notched, sunken; no pigmentation, except for base and sides.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B489B3118A7958AF1EC8D5D0769CBFC" pageNumber="29">A vertical bar on head; two interorbital bands; no suborbital streak; diffuse stripe from snout to eye; no speckles on cheek; a spot on opercle, which represents an anterior expansion of longitudinal stripe on side of body. Eyes orange. Seven sharp vertical bars on sides, broader than interspaces, and usually double; 1st bar diffusely Y-shaped; a longitudinal stripe from orbit to a circular, jet-black blotch on 4th bar; bars on side of body not extending onto dorsal fin. No ocellus on dorsal fin; dorsal and anal fins immaculate or with 3-4 rows of dots. About 12 rows of spots on sides, smaller than scales; breast region olive-yellowish. Axil of pectoral fin with same coloration as breast or dusky; base of pectoral fin with same coloration as breast or slightly paler. A black caudal blotch, on fin, across lateral line, the blotch not ocellated.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="333047862F1BA96847300D7681389BD0" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="25D42D20871C140A14D57909116D4C94" pageNumber="29">
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Distribution. Atlantic slope, from Costa Rica (
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<normalizedToken id="CC651FB11A247A2DBD5FE0D7B6B35AA8" originalValue="Río" pageNumber="3">Rio</normalizedToken>
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||
Matina) through the Great Lakes of Nicaragua to Honduras(
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<normalizedToken id="82E722B17AE06BC200DED276584ED0E5" originalValue="Río" pageNumber="3">Rio</normalizedToken>
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||
Patuca); Pacific slope, from Costa Rica (
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||
<normalizedToken id="CFAB4CD0D9D7141F5D1DC41095207BBE" originalValue="Río" pageNumber="3">Rio</normalizedToken>
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||
Tempisque) to Nicaragua (
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<normalizedToken id="997CBB44D011A34D1F0A367CA32663F4" originalValue="Río" pageNumber="3">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Guasaule) (Fig. 1). Panamanian records (e.g. BMNH 1925.3.6.165) are based on misidentifications.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="817F31EB54A9DD63DA51CAA844669DDC" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B5C6454082577CF83C29C75A1655BA3E" pageNumber="29">
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Remarks.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EC6C3D51F7F21E6B0B889F4035316593" author="Pellegrin, J." pageNumber="3" pagination="41 - 399" refId="ref36888" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1904) Contribution a l’ etude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlides. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de la France, 16, 41 - 399." type="journal article" year="1904">Pellegrin (1904)</bibRefCitation>
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put the species in a monotypic genus because of the “dentition tout
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<normalizedToken id="D19A2B2211EC55AB6E56CC3EC0AD65C1" originalValue="à" pageNumber="3">a</normalizedToken>
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||
fait caracteristique ” (surprisingly not observed by
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<bibRefCitation id="71DF74F164FBC06783094AB5F9C12178" author="Guenther, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="600 - 604" refId="ref35410" refString="Guenther, A. (1867) Memoir on the Fishes of the States of Central America, founded upon specimens collected in the fresh and marine waters of various parts of that country by Messrs. Salvin and Godman and Capt. J. M. Dow. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866, 600 - 604." type="journal article" year="1867">
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||
<normalizedToken id="A0748F74AEC763B97F63AF54C8B503F1" originalValue="Günther" pageNumber="3">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
1867
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
or 1869); on the other hand, he considered it “[v] oisin de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B509898A3735B08506C1A20E0552D8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="22FF0F6FD2D65D2B6DC4F84C35B86427" lastPageNumber="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03598400F4D4D3AEB6C2B6F0891278F8" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multispinosus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="78F23CD8C83D80897AC7385E0C9C8D1F" pageNumber="3">.</pageBreakToken>
|
||
multispinosus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits striking and abundant autapomorphies, but its relationships to the other two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69A61D0D12274CDC8F7DD2A6D4B59F17" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not resolved (Schmitter-Soto, in press). Considering this, it seems best to apply only one name to the monophyletic group formed by the three species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |