778 lines
90 KiB
XML
778 lines
90 KiB
XML
<document id="AE55C13F21E7232AA9601C815E430C78" ID-CLB-Dataset="45819" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.201939" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6153280-f399-4d9a-982b-34127847d355" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="201939" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460418151908" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huang, Hao & Chen, Chang-Chin" docDate="2011" docId="A41687E4FFE7C95A5FCB5765FF01760F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03126p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3126" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Prosopocoilus reni Huang & Chen, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="582FFF9CFFEDC9555F5C502EFFDB7737" masterDocTitle="Notes on Prosopocoilus Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698329297625" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F73F81A61D0A9AF9090F5CEEE326CB60">Notes on Prosopocoilus Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EEAC778163DE974F2054685C073AAA6B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C609E01219A46604B96E22089ACCB728">Huang, Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EDCA91B68F3DDF56EFBA55C6E93CCA9">Chen, Chang-Chin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1884B7521D42A73BCC11B661232BF4BC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C5E612A7D20B6209EB4CFF830491FC00">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C9ADE3C22ADE7D7857BDE47B25C4F591">
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<mods:date id="506C7C878F33201D078959BDF451DEA3">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="920E91BF9E7BA3842221FD476DDF05D3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="23234DB3C8B18A732B79B3D6FD62F666">3126</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="157844A0594FB62CD9FA18D679C427F3">39</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="2836401F37C5937B9195F55FBB36E96F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4327DB5374B4FF911C5FD395BEE4F08D" type="CLB-Dataset">45819</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CA1BE59767E27A1853955B1E23A9854F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.201939</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AB428F84C8AB01A153294CCA75D90351" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FA2E5727F18FD06900D72171DA583E25" type="Zenodo-Dep">201939</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="A41687E4FFE7C95A5FCB5765FF01760F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6194480" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426011" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6194480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A41687E4FFE7C95A5FCB5765FF01760F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A41687E4FFE7C95A5FCB5765FF01760F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="64A56579FFE7C95F5FCB5765FD0C7053" box="[151,727,1866,1893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE7C95F5FCB5765FD0C7053" blockId="10.[151,727,1866,1893]" box="[151,727,1866,1893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="7748819EFFE7C95F5FCB5765FD0C7053" bold="true" box="[151,727,1866,1893]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE7C95F5FCB5765FD0C7053" bold="true" box="[151,727,1866,1893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
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||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE7C95F5FCB5765FD9B7053" ID-CoL="7YH48" authority="Huang & Chen" authorityName="Huang & Chen" box="[151,576,1866,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE7C95F5FCB5765FEA17052" bold="true" box="[151,378,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Prosopocoilus reni</emphasis>
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Huang & Chen
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="05F8579BFFE7C95F5D1B5764FD0C7053" box="[583,727,1866,1892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="64A56579FFE7C95E5FCB57BCFBDF736F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE7C95E5FCB57BCFCA276B0" blockId="10.[151,1436,1937,2034]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE7C95F5FCB57BCFCD7709D" bold="true" box="[151,780,1937,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE7C95F5FCB57BCFF09709D" box="[151,210,1938,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE7C95F5E1357BCFE67709D" box="[335,444,1938,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE7C95F5E9057BFFDFF709D" box="[460,548,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 49" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1829,1852]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,208,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[184,1408,193,1802]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 49. Habitus of Prosopocoilus in dorsal view. 38 — P. re n i, male holotype; 39 — P. astacoides blanchardi, male (Taiwan); 40 — P. astacoides dubernardi, male (Cizhong, northwestern Yunnan); 41 — P. astacoides kachinensis, male (Pianma, western Yunnan); 42 — P. astacoides birmanicus, male (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 43 – 44 — P. re n i, female paratypes; 45 — P. astacoides blanchardi, female (Tianmushan, Zhejiang); 46 — P. astacoides dubernardi, female (Cizhong, northwestern Yunnan); 47 — P. astacoides kachinensis, female (Pianma, western Yunnan); 48 — P. astacoides birmanicus, female (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 49 — P. astacoides poultoni, female (Zhangmu, SC. Tibet). Scale bars = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201944/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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):
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<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE7C95F5D6757BFFD47709D" box="[571,668,1937,1962]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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: Hainan:
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</emphasis>
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3, Baisha City, Miao-cun,
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<date id="58011032FFE7C95F5B1557BFFB0F709E" box="[1097,1236,1937,1961]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" value="2007-06-04" valueMax="2007-06-05" valueMin="2007-06-04">4-5.VI.2007</date>
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, Y.-B. Ba & J.-T. Lang leg., deposited in Entomological Museum of Hebei University, Baoding,
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<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE7C95F5B135798FB4E70F9" box="[1103,1173,1974,1998]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE7C95F5BFA5798FF2270C5" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE7C95F5BFA5798FAF970F9" box="[1190,1314,1974,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE7C95F5A69579BFA4C70F9" box="[1333,1431,1973,1998]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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: Hainan:
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</emphasis>
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1 3, Ba-wang-ling Nature Reserve,
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<quantity id="EB479B17FFE7C95F5DFE57F7FD3F70C6" box="[674,740,2009,2033]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="135.0">135m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="58011032FFE7C95F5DAE57F7FCAA70C6" box="[754,881,2009,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" value="2010-04-14">14.IV.2010</date>
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, J.-Q. Zhu leg., deposited in H. Huang’s private collection; 1 3, Ba-wang-ling Nature Reserve,
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<date id="58011032FFE6C95E5DF550B6FCD77798" box="[681,780,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" value="2009-04">IV. 2009</date>
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, anonymous student in Guizhou University leg., deposited in Natural History Museum, London; 2 3, Baisha City,
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<date id="58011032FFE6C95E5C415092FC4977E3" box="[797,914,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" value="2007-05-13">13.V.2007</date>
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, X.-Y. Zhu leg., deposited in C.-C. Chen’s private collection; 2 3, 5 ƤƤ, Baisha City,
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<date id="58011032FFE6C95E5D2A50F1FD2F77C0" box="[630,756,223,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" value="2011-04-26">26.IV.2011</date>
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, W.-X. Lin, W.-X. Bi & Y.-T. Zhong leg., deposited in C.-C. Chen’s private collection; 6 ƤƤ, same data as
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE6C95E5DE8512AFCC2762B" box="[692,793,260,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, deposited in Chang-Chin Chen’s private collection and Entomological Museum of Hebei University, Baoding,
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<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE6C95E5C655109FCA47608" box="[825,895,295,319]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
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; 1Ƥ, Jian-feng-ling Nature Reserve,
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<quantity id="EB479B17FFE6C95E5A1B5109FA4C7608" box="[1351,1431,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="58011032FFE6C95E5FCB5162FF2D7653" box="[151,246,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" value="2010-06">VI.2010</date>
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, Y.-X. Wu leg., deposited in Y.-X. Wu’s private collection; 1 Ƥ, no collecting data, deposited in Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9B51BAFA47769B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1436,403,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9B51BAFDF3769B" bold="true" box="[199,552,403,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE6C95E5F9B51BAFEE9769B" box="[199,306,404,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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description (
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<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE6C95E5E9551BDFDC0769B" box="[457,539,403,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 49" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1829,1852]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,208,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[184,1408,193,1802]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 49. Habitus of Prosopocoilus in dorsal view. 38 — P. re n i, male holotype; 39 — P. astacoides blanchardi, male (Taiwan); 40 — P. astacoides dubernardi, male (Cizhong, northwestern Yunnan); 41 — P. astacoides kachinensis, male (Pianma, western Yunnan); 42 — P. astacoides birmanicus, male (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 43 – 44 — P. re n i, female paratypes; 45 — P. astacoides blanchardi, female (Tianmushan, Zhejiang); 46 — P. astacoides dubernardi, female (Cizhong, northwestern Yunnan); 47 — P. astacoides kachinensis, female (Pianma, western Yunnan); 48 — P. astacoides birmanicus, female (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 49 — P. astacoides poultoni, female (Zhangmu, SC. Tibet). Scale bars = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201944/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Body length measured from apex of mandible to terminal tip of elytra: 59.7 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9B5199FA8E76F8" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1365,439,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9B5199FE0C76E7" bold="true" box="[199,471,439,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Color and pubescence:</emphasis>
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Both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the entire body black, opaque and glabrous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9B51F2FDDE7448" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9B51F2FEDC76C3" bold="true" box="[199,263,476,500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Head</emphasis>
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finely microsculptured on dorsal surface, about 1.7 times as wide as long. Vertex hollowed in a triangular area defined by the anterolateral angles of the head and the center of the head, with a pair of triangular processes beside the center of the head. Frontal margin wave shaped, protruding in the middle as an intermandibular projection. Labrum 1/3 times as wide as clypeus, slightly bifurcate at apex. Clypeus with anterolateral corners pointed. Canthus occupying half of the outer margin of the eye. Preocular margin straight. Anterolateral angle of the head a rectangle. Postocular margin slightly convex. Mentum nearly semicircular but flat at apex, densely microsculptured. Submentum clearly defined and more finely microsculptured than mentum. Gula smooth. Maxilla and labium as in
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<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE6C95E5E7052F7FD9A75C7" box="[300,577,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="blanchardi">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5E7052F7FD9A75C7" box="[300,577,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">P. astacoides blanchardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with the ligula deeply bifurcate and setose. Mandible about three times as long as the head, rather straight at the basal 1/4, evenly incurved at the apical 3/4, with a triangular subbasal tooth at the basal 1/4 point, and with four small inner teeth at the apical 1/3. Antennal club with three pubescent antennomeres; antennomere 7 with width markedly greater than that of antennomere 6 and sharply pointed at tip, not lamellate as antennomeres 8–10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9953A2FBED74F0" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9953A2FEE57493" bold="true" box="[197,318,908,932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Pronotum</emphasis>
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finely microsculptured as in head, as wide as and slightly shorter than head, oblong as a whole, with lateral margins nearly straight and parallel, and with a distinct posterolateral angle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9953FAFD7B7327" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9953FAFECA74DB" bold="true" box="[197,273,980,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Elytra</emphasis>
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more finely microsculptured than head and pronotum, with no striations or punctures, 1.5 times as long as wide, nearly as wide as head and pronotum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F995432FBDF736F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F995432FEDD7303" bold="true" box="[197,262,1052,1076]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Legs:</emphasis>
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Protibia with 6 distinct teeth and some minute denticles along the lateral margin; apex bifurcate. Mesotibia with a distinct lateral spine. Metatibia with an obscure lateral spine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="64A56579FFE6C9595F9B544AFC567568" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9B544AFAFF734B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1316,1124,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9B544AFE53734B" bold="true" box="[199,392,1124,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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Male
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE6C95E5E57544AFE58734B" box="[267,387,1124,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Body length measured from apex of mandible to terminal tip of elytra:
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<quantity id="EB479B17FFE6C95E5BF7544AFAFB734B" box="[1195,1312,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="51.0" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="44.0">44–58mm</quantity>
|
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9B54A9FE3B7207" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9B54A9FEEE7397" bold="true" box="[199,309,1159,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Variation</emphasis>
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. The subbasal tooth of the mandible is present in all
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE6C95E5CC054A7FBD07396" box="[924,1035,1161,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, shorter and blunter in the smallersized specimens than in the larger-sized specimens. Pair of processes on the vertex of the head obsolete in the smaller-sized males. The lateral margin of the protibia is continuously serrate in the smaller-sized males. The lateral margins of the pronotum can be convex, not straight as in
|
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE6C95E5C1354DAFC6E723B" box="[847,949,1268,1292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. The metatibia can be toothless, not with an obsolete tooth as in
|
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<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE6C95E5E2B5536FE067207" box="[375,477,1304,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F995512FBB9713F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F995512FD9E7263" bold="true" box="[197,581,1339,1364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
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Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE6C95E5E235515FDD27263" box="[383,521,1339,1364]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 61" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[193,1391,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 61. Aedeagus in ventral view. 50 – 52 — P. re n i, paratypes; 53 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Taiwan); 54 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Zhejiang); 55 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Guizhou); 56 — P. astacoides dubernardi (Cizhong, NW. Yunnan); 57 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Pianma, western Yunnan); 58 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Chayu, southeastern Tibet); 59 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Motuo, southeastern Tibet); 60 — P. astacoides birmanicus (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 61 — P. astacoides poultoni (western Nepal). Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Figs. 50–52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE6C95E5D4A5515FDED7263" box="[534,566,1339,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1946,1969]" captionText="FIGURE 62. Male genitalia of P. re n i (paratype). Abbreviations: lv, last abdominal ventrite; v 9, 9 th abdominal segment in ventral view; d 9, 9 th abdominal segment in dorsal view; ad, aedeagus in dorsal view; al, aedeagus in lateral view; pv, penis in ventral view; is, internal sac. Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="50">62</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral plate of the 9th abdominal segment with the basal part almost even in width, and without a longitudinal membranous stripe along the midline of the terminal expansion. Aedeagus in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE6C95E5E6D55AAFE6C72AB" box="[305,439,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 61" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[193,1391,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 61. Aedeagus in ventral view. 50 – 52 — P. re n i, paratypes; 53 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Taiwan); 54 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Zhejiang); 55 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Guizhou); 56 — P. astacoides dubernardi (Cizhong, NW. Yunnan); 57 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Pianma, western Yunnan); 58 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Chayu, southeastern Tibet); 59 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Motuo, southeastern Tibet); 60 — P. astacoides birmanicus (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 61 — P. astacoides poultoni (western Nepal). Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Figs. 50–52</figureCitation>
|
||
) wider than in all subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE6C95E5C4355ABFC6B72AB" box="[799,944,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5C4355ABFC6B72AB" box="[799,944,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE6C95E5B6F55AAFB6772AB" box="[1075,1212,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 61" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[193,1391,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 61. Aedeagus in ventral view. 50 – 52 — P. re n i, paratypes; 53 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Taiwan); 54 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Zhejiang); 55 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Guizhou); 56 — P. astacoides dubernardi (Cizhong, NW. Yunnan); 57 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Pianma, western Yunnan); 58 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Chayu, southeastern Tibet); 59 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Motuo, southeastern Tibet); 60 — P. astacoides birmanicus (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 61 — P. astacoides poultoni (western Nepal). Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Figs. 53–61</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basal piece nearly 1.7–1.8 times as long as parameres, with dorsal plates fully developed; caudal ventral plate sclerotized, elongated and rounded at outer margin. Paramere and penis as in all subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE6C95E5C9055E3FB8572D3" box="[972,1118,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5C9055E3FB8572D3" box="[972,1118,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined; flagellum nearly as long as the aedeagus, broad and belt-like at the basal 2/3, trifurcate at the apical 1/3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9B563AFF367167" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9B563AFD9F711B" bold="true" box="[199,580,1555,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Female
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE6C95E5E7A563AFE47711B" box="[294,412,1556,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE6C95E5EF0563DFDEC711B" box="[428,567,1555,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 49" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1829,1852]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,208,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[184,1408,193,1802]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 49. Habitus of Prosopocoilus in dorsal view. 38 — P. re n i, male holotype; 39 — P. astacoides blanchardi, male (Taiwan); 40 — P. astacoides dubernardi, male (Cizhong, northwestern Yunnan); 41 — P. astacoides kachinensis, male (Pianma, western Yunnan); 42 — P. astacoides birmanicus, male (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 43 – 44 — P. re n i, female paratypes; 45 — P. astacoides blanchardi, female (Tianmushan, Zhejiang); 46 — P. astacoides dubernardi, female (Cizhong, northwestern Yunnan); 47 — P. astacoides kachinensis, female (Pianma, western Yunnan); 48 — P. astacoides birmanicus, female (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 49 — P. astacoides poultoni, female (Zhangmu, SC. Tibet). Scale bars = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201944/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Figs. 43–44</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body length measured from apex of mandible to terminal tip of elytra:
|
||
<quantity id="EB479B17FFE6C95E5A2E563AFF327167" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="26.0">26– 31 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F9B5675FCC271AE" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F9B5675FE037143" bold="true" box="[199,472,1627,1652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Color and pubescence:</emphasis>
|
||
Both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the entire body glabrous and generally black. The lateral sides of the elytra are red in two female
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE6C95E5DF956AFFCCF71AE" box="[677,788,1665,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE6C95E5F99568AFBDD70EB" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5F99568AFEDE718B" bold="true" box="[197,261,1700,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Head</emphasis>
|
||
densely punctate and coarsely sculptured on dorsal surface, with the punctures markedly larger than in all subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE6C95E5E0656E7FE3671D7" box="[346,493,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE6C95E5E0656E7FE3671D7" box="[346,493,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Vertex without a pair of bulges. Labrum defined posteriorly by a transverse labral suture, about 3 times as wide as long and flat at tip. Canthus occupying 2/3 of the outer margin of the eye. Preocular margin nearly straight. Anterolateral angle of the head obtuse and poorly defined. Postocular margin short and slightly convex. Mentum densely punctate, nearly twice as wide as long, rounded at apex and anterolateral corners. Submentum clearly defined and punctate. Gula smooth. Maxilla with the tip of the lacinia hooked. Labium with the ligula deeply bifurcate and setose. Mandible 2/3 times as long as head, evenly incurved, and with a median inner tooth. Antennal club with three pubescent antennomeres; antennomere 7 with width slightly greater than that of antennomere 6 and sharply pointed at tip, not lamellate as antennomeres 8–10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B50B6FB2A77C0" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F9B50B6FE9B7787" bold="true" box="[199,320,152,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
densely punctate on the surface; without central depression; about 1.7 times as wide as long, widest at the posterior 1/3 point forming a rounded lateral angle; lateral margin minutely crenulate, evenly convex from the anterior angle to the lateral angle, slightly convex at the posterior 1/3, without a posterior angle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F99512AFF387608" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F99512AFECA762B" bold="true" box="[197,273,260,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
with surface micropunctate and shiny, each with a longitudinal line of large punctures adjacent to suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F995162FCA576B0" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F995162FEDD7653" bold="true" box="[197,262,332,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Protibia rather straight, continuously serrate at outer lateral margin, with a broad serrate plate at apex. Mesotibia and metatibia straight, each with a distinct lateral spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9951BAFC567568" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F9951BAFD80769B" bold="true" box="[197,603,403,428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE1C9595EC451BDFDC4769B" box="[408,543,403,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 63 – 71" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1097,1120]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,193,1076]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1076]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 63 – 71. Sclerotized female genitalia in ventral view. 63 – 64 — P. re n i, paratypes; 65 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Zhejiang); 66 — P. astacoides dubernardi (Cizhong, northwestern Yunnan); 67 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Pianma, western Yunnan); 68 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Chayu, southeastern Tibet); 69 — P. astacoides birmanicus (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 70 — P. astacoides poultoni (Zhangmu, south-central Tibet); 71 — P. astacoides poultoni (western Nepal). Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201946/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Figs. 63–64</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE1C9595D7051BDFD97769B" box="[556,588,403,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1250,1273]" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Spermatheca, spermathecal gland and spermathecal duct of female genitalia. 72 — P. re n i, paratype; 73 — P. astacoides blanchardi (Zhejiang); 74 – 75 — P. astacoides dubernardi (Cizhong, northwestern Yunnan); 76 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Pianma, western Yunnan); 77 — P. astacoides kachinensis (Chayu, southeastern Tibet); 78 — P. astacoides birmanicus (Yingjiang, southwestern Yunnan); 79 — P. astacoides poultoni (Zhangmu, south-central Tibet); 80 — P. astacoides poultoni (western Nepal). Scale bars = 1 mm." pageId="12" pageNumber="51">72</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Last abdominal tergite semicircular, without a membranous area along the midline. Last abdominal ventrite excavated at caudal margin, with a membranous midline. Hemisternite with inner lateral margin less concave than in all Chinese subspecies of
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595C1951F3FC0876C3" box="[837,979,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">P. a s t a c o i d e s</emphasis>
|
||
examined. Ninth hemisternite markedly broader than in all Chinese subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595D2B522FFCD0752F" box="[631,779,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595D2B522FFCD0752F" box="[631,779,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined. Spermatheca membranous and gradually widened as in all Chinese subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595D65520BFD17750B" box="[569,716,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595D65520BFD17750B" box="[569,716,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined. Spermathecal duct markedly shorter than spermatheca. Spermathecal gland and its duct nearly as long as spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64A56579FFE1C9595F995245FCAD75B3" box="[197,886,619,644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F995245FCAD75B3" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,932]" box="[197,886,619,644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F995245FE8575B3" bold="true" box="[197,350,619,644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Hainan (Baisha, Ba-wang-ling, Jian-feng-ling).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64A56579FFE1C9595F9952BEFB3A7590" box="[197,1249,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9952BEFB3A7590" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,932]" box="[197,1249,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F9952BEFE97759F" bold="true" box="[197,332,656,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named in honor of Prof. Guo-Dong Ren, Hebei University,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595BCA52A1FB067590" box="[1174,1245,655,679]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64A56579FFE1C9595F99529DFAB67400" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F99529DFAB67400" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F99529DFEE475FB" bold="true" box="[197,319,691,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595CD5529BFBC775FB" box="[905,1052,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595CD5529BFBC775FB" box="[905,1052,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: both sexes mostly black on both dorsal and ventral surfaces; head and pronotum of both sexes more coarsely punctured; dorsal processes of the head in the larger-sized males broader and blunter at apex; aedeagus stouter with the basal piece wider in dorsal or ventral view; 9th hemisternite of the female genitalia markedly broader and plate-like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64A56579FFE1C9595F9B536AFBD77396" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B536AFBC97493" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F9B536AFEEF746B" bold="true" box="[199,308,836,860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. All the known Chinese subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595DA8536BFC53746B" box="[756,904,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595DA8536BFC53746B" box="[756,904,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been dissected for a comparison in male and female genitalia. The new species from Hainan is constantly different from all the subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595A555347FA4074B7" box="[1289,1435,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595A555347FA4074B7" box="[1289,1435,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the stouter aedeagus and the broader 9th hemisternite of the female genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595FCB53FAFCC27303" blockId="12.[151,1436,980,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
A checklist of all the known subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595D2253FBFCCB74DB" box="[638,784,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595D2253FBFCCB74DB" box="[638,784,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presented below; the important references are cited for all the synonyms and the following abbreviation is used: TL=
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE1C9595C1353D7FC5C7326" box="[847,903,1017,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. Additionally, the distribution of all the known subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595EDB5433FDC27303" box="[391,537,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595EDB5433FDC27303" box="[391,537,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is illustrated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4842A77FFE1C9595DE55432FCD77303" box="[697,780,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1523,1546]" captionText="FIGURE 81. Distribution of P. re n i and subspecies of P. astacoides." pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595FCB544AFBD77396" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595FCB544AFD0D734B" authority="Hope, 1840" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,726,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595FCB544AFDED734B" box="[151,566,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Prosopocoilus astacoides astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Hope, 1840)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Assam) (originally described in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595A5D544BFF2D73A8" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595A5D544BFABB734B" box="[1281,1376,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Lucanus</emphasis>
|
||
Scopoli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) – northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595EF754A9FE3F73A8" box="[427,484,1159,1183]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Khasi Hills, Naga Hills), west central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595CC354A7FBD77396" box="[927,1036,1161,1185]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64A56579FFE1C95A5F9B5483FF01760F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B5483FBA873DF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F815483FDF073F3" ID-CoL="7X2LK" authority="Hope, 1840" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1840" box="[221,555,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F815483FE7B73F3" box="[221,416,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Lucanus foveatus</emphasis>
|
||
Hope, 1840
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Sylhet, Assam) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595CC05482FBF373F3" author="Arrow" box="[924,1064,1196,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1950) The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Coleoptera, Lamellicornia. Vol. IV (Lucanidae and Passalidae). Taylor and Francis, London, 274 pp., 23 plates." type="book" year="1950">Arrow 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595B6F5482FB1E73F3" author="Benesh" box="[1075,1221,1196,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F8154FFFDFD73DF" ID-CoL="7X2MH" authority="Hope, 1840" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1840" box="[221,550,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omissus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F8154FFFE4773DF" box="[221,412,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Lucanus omissus</emphasis>
|
||
Hope, 1840
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Assam) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595C1E54FEFC1673DF" author="Arrow" box="[834,973,1232,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1950) The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Coleoptera, Lamellicornia. Vol. IV (Lucanidae and Passalidae). Taylor and Francis, London, 274 pp., 23 plates." type="book" year="1950">Arrow 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595C8454FEFBB073DF" author="Benesh" box="[984,1131,1232,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B54DBFC667207" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F8154DBFDEF723B" ID-CoL="7X2LL" authority="Hope, 1845" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1845" box="[221,564,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F8154DBFE71723B" box="[221,426,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Lucanus fraternus</emphasis>
|
||
Hope, 1845
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: undefined) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595C2854DAFC24723B" author="Arrow" box="[884,1023,1268,1292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1950) The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Coleoptera, Lamellicornia. Vol. IV (Lucanidae and Passalidae). Taylor and Francis, London, 274 pp., 23 plates." type="book" year="1950">Arrow 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595B5654DAFB47723B" author="Benesh" box="[1034,1180,1268,1292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F815537FDE77207" ID-CoL="7X2L3" authority="Hope, 1845" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1845" box="[221,572,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F815537FE697207" box="[221,434,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Lucanus castaneus</emphasis>
|
||
Hope, 1845
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595D215536FD637207" box="[637,696,1304,1328]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (synonymy uncertain)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B5513FAE87263" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" box="[199,1331,1340,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F815512FD1A7263" authority="Waterhouse, 1869" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1869" box="[221,705,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Cladognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F815512FE2A7263" box="[221,497,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Cladognathus impressus</emphasis>
|
||
Waterhouse, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595C665512FCAE7263" box="[826,885,1340,1364]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595B5E5512FB567263" author="Arrow" box="[1026,1165,1340,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1950) The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Coleoptera, Lamellicornia. Vol. IV (Lucanidae and Passalidae). Taylor and Francis, London, 274 pp., 23 plates." type="book" year="1950">Arrow 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595BC45512FAF17263" author="Benesh" box="[1176,1322,1340,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595FCB554EFE6D72AB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595FCB554EFD2A724F" ID-CoL="7ZSLM" authority="Hope, 1841" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,753,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="pallidipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595FCB554EFD8A724F" box="[151,593,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Prosopocoilus astacoides pallidipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hope, 1841)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Java) (originally described in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595A5D554FFF2D72AB" ID-CoL="5H3X" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595A5D554FFABB724F" box="[1281,1376,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Lucanus</emphasis>
|
||
Scopoli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) – Java, Sumatra
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B5587FBAB72D3" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F815587FD2872F7" ID-CoL="7X2L4" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1843" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1843" box="[221,755,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinnamomeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F815587FE0672F7" box="[221,477,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Lucanus cinnamomeus</emphasis>
|
||
Guérin-Méneville, 1843
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Java) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595CA95586FB5172F7" author="Benesh" box="[1013,1162,1448,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595BC95586FACC72F7" author="Fujita" box="[1173,1303,1448,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F8155E2FD6372D3" authority="Mollenkamp, 1902" authorityName="Mollenkamp" authorityYear="1902" box="[221,696,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F8155E2FE0772D3" box="[221,476,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metopodontus elaphus</emphasis>
|
||
Mollenkamp, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Sumatra) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595CBA55E2FBB372D3" author="Fujita" box="[998,1128,1484,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B55DFFBAE711B" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F8155DEFCCE713F" authority="Oberthur & Houlbert, 1913" authorityName="Oberthur & Houlbert" authorityYear="1913" box="[221,789,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F8155DEFE07713F" box="[221,476,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metopodontus javanus</emphasis>
|
||
Oberthür & Houlbert, 1913
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Java) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595B4B55DEFB71713F" author="Benesh" box="[1047,1194,1520,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F81563AFD03711B" authority="Didier & Seguy, 1953" authorityName="Didier & Seguy" authorityYear="1953" box="[221,728,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F81563AFE07711B" box="[221,476,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metopodontus javanus</emphasis>
|
||
Didier & Seguy, 1953
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Java) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595C86563AFBB6711B" author="Benesh" box="[986,1133,1556,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B5617FA9C7167" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" box="[199,1351,1592,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F815616FD527167" authority="Weinreich, 1971" authorityName="Weinreich" authorityYear="1971" box="[221,649,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diehli">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F815616FE117167" box="[221,458,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Prosopocoelus diehli</emphasis>
|
||
Weinreich, 1971
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: northern Sumatra) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595B405616FB687167" author="Krajcik" box="[1052,1203,1592,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Krajcik, M. (2001) Lucanidae of the World, Catalogue Part I. Checklist of the Stag Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). M. Krajcik, Plzen, Czech Republic, 108 pp." type="book" year="2001">Krajcik 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595BE15616FAE47167" author="Fujita" box="[1213,1343,1592,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595FCB5672FED17033" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595FCB5672FD097143" ID-CoL="7ZSLC" authority="Parry, 1873" authorityName="Parry" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,722,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="blanchardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595FCB5672FDEC7143" box="[151,567,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Prosopocoilus astacoides blanchardi</emphasis>
|
||
(Parry, 1873)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595C495672FC5F7143" box="[789,900,1628,1652]" name="Mongolia" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (originally described in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595A4F5672FEB771AF" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595A4F5672FF3171AF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metopodontus</emphasis>
|
||
Westwood
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595EC456AEFDD371AF" box="[408,520,1664,1688]" name="Mongolia" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595D4A56AEFD8271AF" box="[534,601,1664,1688]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Inner
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595DE856AEFCFF71AF" box="[692,804,1664,1688]" name="Mongolia" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Hebei, Beijing, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595B62568AFB49718B" box="[1086,1170,1700,1724]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595FBC56E6FCF171E8" authority="Planet, 1899" authorityName="Planet" authorityYear="1899" box="[224,810,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="blanchardi" subSpecies="thibetanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595FBC56E6FD5A71D7" box="[224,641,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metopodontus blanchardi thibetanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Planet, 1899)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: “Mou-Pin”, western Sichuan) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595A1556E9FED87033" author="Benesh" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea. Coleopterorum Catalogus. 2 nd ed. Supplement 8. W. Junk, The Hague, 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595FCB573EFB7E707B" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595FCB573EFD057010" ID-CoL="7ZSLG" authority="Planet, 1899" authorityName="Planet" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,734,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="dubernardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595FCB573EFDE2701F" box="[151,569,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Prosopocoilus astacoides dubernardi</emphasis>
|
||
(Planet, 1899)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: “Tsakou”, northwestern Yunnan) (originally described in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595E66571AFE01707B" box="[314,474,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595E66571AFE01707B" box="[314,474,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metopodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) – northwestern Yunnan (Lancang valleys and Yangtse valleys)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595FCB5776FE9C708F" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595FCB5776FD377058" authority="Boileau, 1911" authorityName="Boileau" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,748,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595FCB5776FDF27047" box="[151,553,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Prosopocoilus astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Boileau, 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: “Sakiou, Maria Basti”, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595BE15779FACB7058" box="[1213,1296,1879,1903]" name="Bhutan" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (originally described in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595EB85752FD5F70A3" box="[484,644,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595EB85752FD5F70A3" box="[484,644,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metopodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595DE45752FCD770A3" box="[696,780,1916,1940]" name="Bhutan" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595C415752FCB870A3" box="[797,867,1916,1940]" name="Nepal" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE1C9595CBE5752FBC770A3" box="[994,1052,1916,1940]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Dajeeling), south central Tibet (Zhangmu)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE1C9595F9B57EBFBF570EB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1124,2012]" box="[199,1070,1988,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE1C9595F8157EAFDB570EB" authority="Didier, 1929" authorityName="Didier" authorityYear="1929" box="[221,622,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE1C9595F8157EAFE0070EB" box="[221,475,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Metopodontus croceus</emphasis>
|
||
Didier, 1929
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Bouthan) (synonym:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE1C9595CC157EAFBFD70EB" author="Arrow" box="[925,1062,1988,2012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1950) The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya. Coleoptera, Lamellicornia. Vol. IV (Lucanidae and Passalidae). Taylor and Francis, London, 274 pp., 23 plates." type="book" year="1950">Arrow 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE0C9585FCB50B6FE4877C0" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585FCB50B6FD2D7798" ID-CoL="7Z95L" authority="Gravely, 1915" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,758,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="birmanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585FCB50B6FDE77787" box="[151,572,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Prosopocoilus astacoides birmanicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585D1050B9FD357798" author="Gravely" box="[588,750,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) A catalogue of the lucanidae in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum. 11, 407 - 431, plate 29." type="journal article" year="1915">Gravely, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585C6650B9FCAB7798" box="[826,880,151,175]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Chin</collectingCountry>
|
||
Hills, Upper
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585B5050B9FB817798" box="[1036,1114,151,175]" name="Myanmar" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (originally described in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585E4D5092FE6A77E3" box="[273,433,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Metopodontus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585E4D5092FE6A77E3" box="[273,433,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Metopodontus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) – central and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585D9D5093FCEB77E2" box="[705,816,189,213]" name="Myanmar" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southwestern and southern Yunnan, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585A6A5092FA4377E3" box="[1334,1432,188,212]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585E7350F1FE4877C0" box="[303,403,223,247]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE0C9585FCB512AFEE4769B" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585FCB512AFC4B762B" ID-CoL="7ZSLJ" authority="Bomans & Miyashita, 1997" authorityName="Bomans & Miyashita" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,912,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="kachinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585FCB512AFD9D762B" box="[151,582,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Prosopocoilus astacoides kachinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Bomans & Miyashita, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: Kachin, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585BF8512AFAC8762B" box="[1188,1299,260,284]" name="Myanmar" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
) – northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585F955106FEE37677" box="[201,312,296,320]" name="Myanmar" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southeastern Tibet (Chayu, Motuo), western Yunnan (Gaoligong Mts.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585FCB5162FD7A7653" ID-CoL="7ZSLK" authority="Nagai, 2000" authorityName="Nagai" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,673,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="karubei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585FCB5162FDC97653" box="[151,530,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Prosopocoilus astacoides karubei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585D445162FD7A7653" author="Nagai" box="[536,673,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Nagai, S. (2000) Notes on some SE. Asian Stag-beetles with descriptions of several new taxa. Gekkan-Mushi, 356, 2 - 9." type="journal article" year="2000">Nagai, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL: southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585C165162FC707653" box="[842,939,332,356]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
) – southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585B695162FB4F7653" box="[1077,1172,332,356]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585FCB515EFD1F76B0" ID-CoL="7ZSLL" authority="Fujita, 2010" authorityName="Fujita" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,708,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="mizunumai">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585FCB515EFDED76BF" box="[151,566,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Prosopocoilus astacoides mizunumai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585D615141FD1F76B0" author="Fujita" box="[573,708,367,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585C595141FCB776B0" box="[773,876,367,391]" name="Cameroon" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
Highlands, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585B0E5141FB6176B0" box="[1106,1210,367,391]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585B815141FA9F76B0" box="[1245,1348,367,391]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Malay Peninsula)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="78C0667AFFE0C9585FCB55DDFC90713E" box="[151,843,1523,1546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE0C9585FCB55DDFC90713E" blockId="13.[151,843,1523,1546]" box="[151,843,1523,1546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585FCB55DDFEC4713F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1523,1546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 81.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585E9E55DAFE24713E" box="[450,511,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. re n i</emphasis>
|
||
and subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585D9D55DAFC9E713E" ID-CoL="7ZQDG" box="[705,837,1523,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585D9D55DAFC9E713E" box="[705,837,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE0C9585F99561EFF34715A" blockId="13.[151,1436,1584,1645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The above list is different from those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585DF7561EFC9D717F" author="Nagai" box="[683,838,1584,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Nagai, S. (2000) Notes on some SE. Asian Stag-beetles with descriptions of several new taxa. Gekkan-Mushi, 356, 2 - 9." type="journal article" year="2000">Nagai (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585C0A561EFC24717F" author="Krajcik" box="[854,1023,1584,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Krajcik, M. (2001) Lucanidae of the World, Catalogue Part I. Checklist of the Stag Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). M. Krajcik, Plzen, Czech Republic, 108 pp." type="book" year="2001">Krajcik (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585B62561EFB0E717F" author="Fujita" box="[1086,1237,1584,1608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the following aspects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE0C9585F9956B3FD1E70BA" blockId="13.[151,1437,1693,2005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
|
||
1)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585FB856B3FEA17182" author="Nagai" box="[228,378,1693,1717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Nagai, S. (2000) Notes on some SE. Asian Stag-beetles with descriptions of several new taxa. Gekkan-Mushi, 356, 2 - 9." type="journal article" year="2000">Nagai (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585EEF56B3FD937182" author="Fujita" box="[435,584,1693,1717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
incorrectly considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585C0F56B0FBAA7182" ID-CoL="7ZSLJ" box="[851,1137,1693,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="kachinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585C0F56B0FBAA7182" box="[851,1137,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides kachinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585ADB56B0FEA271EE" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585ADB56B0FEA271EE" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They perhaps overlooked Boileau’s original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585B0256ECFABE71EE" box="[1118,1381,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585B0256ECFABE71EE" box="[1118,1381,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Gravely’s (1915) important work in which all the male forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585C2356C8FB4971CA" ID-CoL="7ZSLB" box="[895,1170,1765,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585C2356C8FB4971CA" box="[895,1170,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585BFE56C8FA4671CA" box="[1186,1437,1765,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585BFE56C8FA4671CA" box="[1186,1437,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585F9A5724FE077016" ID-CoL="7Z95L" box="[198,476,1801,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="birmanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585F9A5724FE077016" box="[198,476,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides birmanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were illustrated and compared. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585C035724FB8E7016" box="[863,1109,1801,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585C035724FB8E7016" box="[863,1109,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the double basal teeth of the mandible only appear in the medium-sized males but is absent in the larger-sized males; whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585A555700FEC1705E" ID-CoL="7ZSLJ" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="kachinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585A555700FEC1705E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides kachinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the double basal teeth of the mandible appear in the larger-sized males. These two subspecies are geographically separated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585EF35758FD6570BA" ID-CoL="7ZSLB" box="[431,702,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585EF35758FD6570BA" box="[431,702,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE0C95B5F9957B6FAF6762B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1693,2005]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
|
||
2)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE0C9585FB957B6FEA07087" author="Fujita" box="[229,379,1944,1968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
incorrectly identified the specimens from Darjeeling and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585B4957B6FB837087" box="[1045,1112,1944,1968]" name="Nepal" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585BDE57B4FA4E7086" ID-CoL="7ZSLB" box="[1154,1429,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585BDE57B4FA4E7086" box="[1154,1429,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Actually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE0C9585FA25790FE2E70E2" box="[254,501,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE0C9585FA25790FE2E70E2" box="[254,501,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an area in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE0C9585CEE5793FBD870E2" box="[946,1027,1981,2005]" name="Bhutan" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
close to Darjeeling, and all the populations from the Himalayas on west of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5D3A50B9FD6C7798" box="[614,695,151,175]" name="Bhutan" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
should belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5CDB50B7FB5A7787" box="[903,1153,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5CDB50B7FB5A7787" box="[903,1153,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to Gravely’s (1915) work, the larger-sized males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5D1A5093FCE777E3" box="[582,828,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5D1A5093FCE777E3" box="[582,828,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only a single basal tooth on the mandible, and all specimens from Darjeeling and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5D5B50F1FD9177C0" box="[519,586,223,247]" name="Nepal" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE3C95B5DAE50F1FC5377C0" author="Fujita" box="[754,904,223,247]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
match with Boileau’s original description and Gravely’s redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5E9E512BFD63762B" box="[450,696,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5E9E512BFD63762B" box="[450,696,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE3C95B5DA5512BFCF2762A" box="[761,809,261,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5CF5512BFB63762B" ID-CoL="7ZSLB" box="[937,1208,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5CF5512BFB63762B" box="[937,1208,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Assam.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE3C95B5F995109FA4776B0" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
|
||
3)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE3C95B5FBF5109FE527608" author="Krajcik" box="[227,393,295,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" refString="Krajcik, M. (2001) Lucanidae of the World, Catalogue Part I. Checklist of the Stag Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). M. Krajcik, Plzen, Czech Republic, 108 pp." type="book" year="2001">Krajcik (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5E885107FD117677" box="[468,714,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5E885107FD117677" box="[468,714,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5C5D5107FBC37677" ID-CoL="7Z95L" box="[769,1048,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="birmanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5C5D5107FBC37677" box="[769,1048,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides birmanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the junior synonyms of
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5A145107FE877653" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
|
||
P. a s t a - coides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5FBA5162FE877653" ID-CoL="7ZQDG" box="[230,348,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astacoides">astacoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE3C95B5D5A5162FD6F7653" author="Gravely" box="[518,692,332,356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) A catalogue of the lucanidae in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum. 11, 407 - 431, plate 29." type="journal article" year="1915">Gravely (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, these two subspecies are separable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5BD05163FA477653" ID-CoL="7ZSLB" box="[1164,1436,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5BD05163FA477653" box="[1164,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in both morphology and distribution. We tentatively agree to Gravely’s opinion before a thorough revision is made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE3C95B5F9951BAFD0E75B3" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
|
||
4)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE3C95B5FBA51BAFEA7769B" author="Fujita" box="[230,380,404,428]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" refString="Fujita, H. (2010) The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha, Tokyo, 472 pp, 248 plates." type="book" year="2010">Fujita (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
put all the populations from “E.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5C5E51BAFCE7769B" box="[770,828,404,428]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Assam, Nagaland), SW.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5B3651BBFB02769A" box="[1130,1241,405,429]" name="Myanmar" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5A5051BAFAA9769B" box="[1292,1394,404,428]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5FCB5199FF2276F8" box="[151,249,439,463]" name="Vietnam" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
” into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5E625197FD9376E7" ID-CoL="7ZSLD" box="[318,584,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="castaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5E625197FD9376E7" box="[318,584,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides castaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however Assam is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE3C95B5C065196FC5176E7" box="[858,906,440,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5B525197FAFB76E7" ID-CoL="7ZSLB" box="[1038,1312,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5B525197FAFB76E7" box="[1038,1312,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and specimens from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5E2751F2FE0576C3" box="[379,478,476,500]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5D2651F2FD0276C3" box="[634,729,476,500]" name="Vietnam" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
are slightly different from those from Assam and southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5FCB522EFEDD752F" box="[151,262,512,536]" name="Myanmar" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The correct name for populations from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5C6D51D1FC4F7520" box="[817,916,511,535]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5B6D51D1FB4B7520" box="[1073,1168,511,535]" name="Vietnam" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
should be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5A56522FFECE750B" ID-CoL="7Z95L" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="birmanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5A56522FFECE750B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides birmanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was originally described from “Upper
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5C7A520AFCAE750B" box="[806,885,548,572]" name="Myanmar" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
” and “Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE3C95B5B49520AFBBC750B" box="[1045,1127,548,572]" name="Myanmar" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
”.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5B21520AFECE7557" ID-CoL="7Z95L" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="birmanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5B21520AFECE7557" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Prosopocoilus astacoides birmanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5D6E5267FC9B7557" ID-CoL="7ZSLB" box="[562,832,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="astacoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5D6E5267FC9B7557" box="[562,832,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides astacoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the more basal inner tooth in the larger-sized males and generally redder appearance of the entire body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE3C95B5F9952A1FC617423" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
|
||
5)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="482E4B03FFE3C95B5FB952A1FEA07590" author="Nagai" box="[229,379,655,679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" refString="Nagai, S. (2000) Notes on some SE. Asian Stag-beetles with descriptions of several new taxa. Gekkan-Mushi, 356, 2 - 9." type="journal article" year="2000">Nagai (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
raised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5E9352BFFD12759F" box="[463,713,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="poultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5E9352BFFD12759F" box="[463,713,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides poultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the species level, but studied and illustrated specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5ADB52BFFE4375FB" ID-CoL="7ZSLJ" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="kachinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5ADB52BFFE4375FB" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides kachinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to make this conclusion. However, a comparison of the male and female genitalia between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5FCB52F7FE6E75C7" ID-CoL="7ZSLJ" box="[151,437,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="kachinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5FCB52F7FE6E75C7" box="[151,437,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides kachinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other subspecies does not support such a specific separation. Moreover, there is no sympatric record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5E2552D3FD4E7423" ID-CoL="7ZSLJ" box="[377,661,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="astacoides" subSpecies="kachinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5E2552D3FD4E7423" box="[377,661,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. astacoides kachinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and any other subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="78C0667AFFE3C95B5FCB575AFBA8709E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201947/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[151,1436,836,1887]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE3C95B5FCB575AFBA8709E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1908,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5FCB575AFE8F70BD" bold="true" box="[151,340,1908,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 82–84.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of male in dorsal view. 82 —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5DBE5758FC5170BC" ID-CoL="7YH3V" box="[738,906,1909,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplodentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5DBE5758FC5170BC" box="[738,906,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. duplodentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype and labels; 83 —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5BF05758FAE670BC" ID-CoL="7ZSN6" box="[1196,1341,1909,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="oweni" subSpecies="melli">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5BF05758FAE670BC" box="[1196,1341,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. oweni melli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, smallersized male (Shenzhen, Guangdong); 84 —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE3C95B5D1757BAFD01709E" ID-CoL="7ZSN6" box="[587,730,1939,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Prosopocoilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="oweni" subSpecies="melli">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE3C95B5D1757BAFD01709E" box="[587,730,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">P. oweni melli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype and labels. Scale bars = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C0036F2FFE2C95A5F9950B9FF01760F" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,312]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The major taxonomic problems are found in the following two taxa:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE2C95A5C8D50B7FAF17798" ID-CoL="7X2LL" authority="Hope, 1845" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1845" box="[977,1322,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE2C95A5C8D50B7FB447787" box="[977,1183,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Lucanus fraternus</emphasis>
|
||
Hope, 1845
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE2C95A5A3750B6FA407787" box="[1387,1435,152,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality unknown and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBBF4D71FFE2C95A5ECB5095FD2777E5" ID-CoL="7X2L3" authority="Hope, 1845" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1845" box="[407,764,186,210]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ECBEAE0FFE2C95A5ECB5095FDB677E5" box="[407,621,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Lucanus castaneus</emphasis>
|
||
Hope, 1845
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE2C95A5C135094FC5477E5" box="[847,911,186,210]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. Both taxa were described based on smallersized male specimens, with no exact
|
||
<typeStatus id="F3048850FFE2C95A5D6350F3FDB477C2" box="[575,623,221,245]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. It may be impossible to determine the true status of these two names, as the subspecies in the areas around eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="54A87662FFE2C95A5DB350D0FCF27621" box="[751,809,254,278]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
are not clearly separable using the smaller-sized specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |