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<document id="CA47B4A2C7FC6F4979DE13D0784F2999" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1945.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5231281" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629574680409" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jones, Hugh D., Webster, Bonnie L., Littlewood, D. Timothy J. &amp; Mcdonald, Jillian C." docDate="2008" docId="8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01945p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1945 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1945.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Microplana terrestris" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="762F86271E341237C652FFCBFFA3FFEA" masterDocTitle="Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1699078447982" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="A4C409D84AE219CF588F413814D0A0F2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="28446977F0ED10C8716780C0B48A7713">
<mods:title id="BF396026259C23D804D9996F1F2FE381">Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3460B01F8DF925B4D535AE1FE3F44BD4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="988232CD71F370F2EE7EEC664E29C11C">
<mods:roleTerm id="80A9F6033777F78B9FCF015DBCAAAE9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="07EB1266E5B9A9E16AD914D798C94661">Jones, Hugh D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8492D01AEE76670BCBDCEE30EE1AE8AD">6 Off Hayfield Road, Birch Vale, High Peak, SK 22 1 DG, UK. (Scientific Associate, The Natural History Museum, London; Honorary Lecturer, University of Manchester) E-mail: flatworm @ btopenworld. com Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK. E-mails: B. Webster @ nhm. ac. uk; T. Littlewood @ nhm. ac. uk Bridge House, Kirby Wiske, Thirsk, YO 7 4 ER, UK. E-mail: jill @ ntas. demon. co. uk Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4FA88CEB9C5A5074DFBD681899E8AF48" type="personal">
<mods:role id="153E3D818EE0CB323938E2F6663E7A52">
<mods:roleTerm id="E2EC51509D39B198A947F7CD29D0582F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="91543754532A37D55A2447BA332AE683">Webster, Bonnie L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="34C1BFD0FBE7CEBD5FACE67EDAEF5674" type="email">ebster@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F8111DA0D850E000CAE5889F161F12A3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="249257D1AF2A976F61F550164696A18B">
<mods:roleTerm id="208692875F270D1658DDCCA85545433C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DD64B4787BDC0C3FCAAD873D56DCF5A0">Littlewood, D. Timothy J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="86159477480463BA3E1839EE98E6FEBF" type="email">ebster@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3CC908D5909C23E9338EA89DFA83D8B4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5F15E89605BC6F7A964CE835E14B5F43">
<mods:roleTerm id="16824CC0AF4E8BC4ED0FC50AF0016B44">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F2B4264604E9AE3B5246E2E0E2279C53">Mcdonald, Jillian C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E9D98B4D017B9C6E8EFD238E9492ED76">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6307F4D1449694702EDBDB545095D5B4" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="DDAD03EBF4791BC306F45C53E46121C0">
<mods:title id="60534C3A9D314309743A6CB6F0AD6839">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="18330F2BBA6CA51789D84D7E18C9F621">
<mods:date id="7A83CA32F2D7E83782C2120F6FAC5592">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C766F8204D1ED0B00D3E2ADD91A51CCE" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="05DC6C2DCFF203E272412FD957B18829">2008-11-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6F373B6B0FA373882DCA2989F6B47D75" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C7DC3FA3252E08F248AFD1E7AA08FBF7">1945</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5262DCEB6BDA9050A77C8864BE19A7F4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E14FD96A2BBD14528D55FEBCED15156B">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="AA9CA53FA6F5B2BB3D70C13BBAC6AF48">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A7D856C67685AE0B6ACD9843E6A825F6">38</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="77425E6C023BEE43674549C11CA1A88D">
<mods:url id="E339AF226DA077DAA37F2CDFC153F411">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1945.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="758C429508491CB0F0A2C7A44263FB65">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="48C83F92FD85183AD1CF141111D3814A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1945.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1F73CFA530C3278F4DE2DC146036A60F" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5ECBB3C0484C2805EDB9363FD7064A9E" type="Zenodo-Dep">5231281</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5231482" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="4AA51CC21E3B1238C6C5FCC1FE28FBDD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="02004F491E3B1238C6C5FCC1FDE9FCCE" blockId="15.[151,586,778,804]" box="[151,586,778,804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="5948F8251E3B1238C6C5FCC1FDE9FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,586,778,804]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E3B1238C6C5FCC1FDE9FCCE" authority="(Muller 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[151,586,778,804]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E3B1238C6C5FCC1FDE9FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,586,778,804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E3B1238C6C5FCC1FE34FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,407,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C7F4FCC1FDE1FCCE" author="Muller, O. F." box="[422,578,778,804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref14392" refString="Muller, O. F. (1774) Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium Infusorium, Helminthicorum, et Testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Vol I mi pars altera. Havniae et Lipsiae." type="book" year="1774">Müller 1774</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02004F491E3B1238C6C5FC9EFE28FBDD" blockId="15.[151,1437,853,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C6C5FC9EFEF1FC85" author="Muller, O. F." box="[151,338,853,879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref14392" refString="Muller, O. F. (1774) Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium Infusorium, Helminthicorum, et Testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Vol I mi pars altera. Havniae et Lipsiae." type="book" year="1774">Müller’s (1774)</bibRefCitation>
original description (
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E3B1238C407FC9EFD08FC85" box="[597,683,853,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,318,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-74@16.[151,1436,274,1930]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Müller’s description of 1774 (as Fasciola terrestris). This is the first published description of any terrestrial planarian." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231303/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) is minimal and none of his specimens remain. Müller did not specify any location or even country for the
<specimenCount id="14B984C01E3B1238C4CDFCB6FCF8FC7D" box="[671,859,893,919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
he examined, though he was Danish and worked in
<collectingCountry id="7AA80FD91E3B1238C6E7FC6EFE85FC55" box="[181,294,933,959]" name="Denmark" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Denmark</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C763FC6EFE7EFC55" author="Minelli, A." box="[305,477,933,959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="399 - 419" refId="ref14366" refString="Minelli, A. (1977) A taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bolletino Zoologica, 44, 399 - 419." type="journal article" year="1977">Minelli (1977)</bibRefCitation>
designated a specimen from
<collectingCountry id="7AA80FD91E3B1238C564FC6EFC00FC55" box="[822,931,933,959]" name="Denmark" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Denmark</collectingCountry>
as
<typeStatus id="DD04F1EB1E3B1238C599FC6EFB84FC55" box="[971,1063,933,959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for the species but gave no figure or description of this specimen. Probably the best descriptions and diagrams of the copulatory apparatus of this species are by von Kennel (1882) and
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C4CBFC3EFC92FBE5" author="Bendl, W. E." box="[665,817,1013,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="525 - 554" refId="ref14058" refString="Bendl, W. E. (1908) Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Genus Rhynchodemus. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 89, 525 - 554." type="journal article" year="1908">Bendl (1908</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C56DFC3EFCDEFBE5" author="Bendl, W. E." box="[831,893,1013,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="51 - 74" refId="ref14085" refString="Bendl, W. E. (1909) Europaische Rhynchodemiden. I. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 92, 51 - 74." type="journal article" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
), though there are differences apparent in the two Bendl diagrams.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AA51CC21E3B1238C694FB8EFD84F935" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="02004F491E3B1238C694FB8EFD84F935" blockId="15.[151,1437,853,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E3B1238C694FB8EFD97FBB5" authority="(Muller)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[198,564,1093,1119]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E3B1238C694FB8EFE67FBB4" box="[198,452,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
(Müller)
</taxonomicName>
,
<materialsCitation id="B2D745141E3B1238C411FB8EFD80F935" collectingDate="1918-10-06" collectionCode="NHMD" collectorName="Hj. Ditlevsen" county="Google Earth" determinerName="Minelli" location="Fredericia" municipality="Kildeskoven" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sjaelland" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus id="DD04F1EB1E3B1238C411FB8EFD03FBB5" box="[579,672,1093,1119]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C4B1FB8EFC2BFBB5" author="Minelli, A." box="[739,904,1093,1119]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="399 - 419" refId="ref14366" refString="Minelli, A. (1977) A taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bolletino Zoologica, 44, 399 - 419." type="journal article" year="1977">Minelli, 1977</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectionCode id="64AED78C1E3B1238C5F2FB8EFC5FFBB5" box="[928,1020,1093,1119]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NHMD</collectionCode>
, TUR-17.1-8 (8 slides LS anterior including pharynx); TUR-19.1-12 (12 slides LS posterior including copulatory apparatus). Labels read: “
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E3B1238C6F6FB5EFDE1FB45" authority="(O. F. Mull.)" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Mull." box="[164,578,1173,1199]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E3B1238C6F6FB5EFE01FB44" box="[164,418,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
(O.F. Müll.)
</taxonomicName>
; det.
<determinerName id="F7DCA38D1E3B1238C4DAFB5EFD7DFB45" box="[648,734,1173,1199]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Minelli</determinerName>
1976; Kildeskoven; I Ellestub;
<date id="760169891E3B1238C235FB5EFB7BFB45" box="[1127,1240,1173,1199]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1918-10-06">
<collectingDate id="664590611E3B1238C235FB5EFB7BFB45" box="[1127,1240,1173,1199]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1918-10-06">6.X.1918</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="AF4A2A9F1E3B1238C2B5FB5EFA2DFB45" box="[1255,1422,1173,1199]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hj. Ditlevsen</collectorName>
”.
<collectingCounty id="EB6137C51E3B1238C6C5FB76FE94FB3D" box="[151,311,1213,1239]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Google Earth</collectingCounty>
shows two places with the name
<collectingMunicipality id="E264D5331E3B1238C48EFB76FCD0FB3D" box="[732,883,1213,1239]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kildeskoven</collectingMunicipality>
, one near
<location id="076019921E3B1238C5A4FB76FBCFFB3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C5A4FB76FBCFFB3D" box="[1014,1132,1213,1239]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="Fredericia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">Fredericia</location>
(
<location id="076019921E3B1238C2D3FB76FB78FB3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C2D3FB76FB78FB3D" box="[1153,1243,1213,1239]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="Jutland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">Jutland</location>
), the other near
<location id="076019921E3B1238C6C5FB2EFE81FB15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C6C5FB2EFE81FB15" box="[151,290,1253,1279]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="Kalundborg" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">Kalundborg</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="C07B81AB1E3B1238C766FB2EFE3AFB15" box="[308,409,1253,1279]" country="Denmark" name="Sjaelland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Zealand</collectingRegion>
).
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E3B1238C7FDFB2EFD82FB15" box="[431,545,1253,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,198,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-336@17.[171,1415,194,1141]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Neotype (designated by Minelli, 1977). NHMD, TUR-19.1-12. a–f. Series of sections of the copulatory apparatus at different planes through the serial sections. Each is a merged image of two adjacent images. Anterior to the left." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231307/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 11</figureCitation>
shows a series of sections through the copulatory apparatus of this specimen.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C68AFAC6FEB1FACD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C68AFAC6FEB1FACD" box="[216,274,1293,1319]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="Each" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">Each</location>
sperm duct expands to form a sperm storage organ immediately before entering the muscular bulb of the penis.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C77FFAFEFEF9FAA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C77FFAFEFEF9FAA5" box="[301,346,1333,1359]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">The</location>
sperm ducts discharge separately into the base of the penis.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C245FAFEFBE7FAA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C245FAFEFBE7FAA5" box="[1047,1092,1333,1359]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">The</location>
penis consists of two distinct parts, a basal bulb which does not project into the antrum, and a tapering, muscular, penis papilla which projects into the antrum.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C796FA4EFE52FA75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C796FA4EFE52FA75" box="[452,497,1413,1439]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">The</location>
basal bulb has an external diameter about
<quantity id="C547E2AC1E3B1238C5A6FA4EFBF3FA75" box="[1012,1104,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
and there are several broad internal projections into its cavity.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C463FA66FDC6FA2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C463FA66FDC6FA2D" box="[561,613,1453,1479]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="This" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">This</location>
cavity is equivalent to the “seminal vesicle” of many authors, though it is uncertain to what extent it is glandular.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C4CAFA1EFD65FA05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C4CAFA1EFD65FA05" box="[664,710,1493,1519]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">The</location>
projecting penis papilla has a basal diameter of about
<quantity id="C547E2AC1E3B1238C310FA1EFA38FA05" box="[1346,1435,1493,1519]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
and is about
<quantity id="C547E2AC1E3B1238C77CFA36FE2AF9FD" box="[302,393,1533,1559]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long. A narrow ejaculatory duct, diameter about
<quantity id="C547E2AC1E3B1238C580FA36FB82F9FD" box="[978,1057,1533,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
, runs from the bulb to the distal end of the penis through the muscular part.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C4CAF9EEFD66F9D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C4CAF9EEFD66F9D5" box="[664,709,1573,1599]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">The</location>
vagina opens directly off the antrum, is narrow and about
<quantity id="C547E2AC1E3B1238C325F9EEFF66F98D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C75CF986FE98F98D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C75CF986FE98F98D" box="[270,315,1613,1639]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">The</location>
paired ovo-vitelline ducts open separately but close together into its posterior extremity ventrolaterally.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C757F9BEFE9FF965" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C757F9BEFE9FF965" box="[261,316,1653,1679]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="Also" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">Also</location>
opening at its posterior extremity, but from the dorsal side is the genito-intestinal connection.
<location id="076019921E3B1238C6C5F956FF68F95D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E3B1238C6C5F956FF68F95D" box="[151,203,1693,1719]" county="Google Earth" municipality="Kildeskoven" name="This" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sjaelland">This</location>
opens into a broad, sinus-like, cavity which, in this specimen, has a single narrow connection antero-dorsally to an intestinal diverticulum
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AA51CC21E3B1226C697F926FF4EF906" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="02004F491E3B1227C697F926FADCFF30" blockId="15.[151,1437,853,1999]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E3B1238C697F926FD03F8ED" authority="NHMW, 2831" authorityName="NHMW" authorityYear="2831" box="[197,672,1773,1799]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Rhynchodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E3B1238C697F926FE48F8EC" box="[197,491,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rhynchodemus terrestris</emphasis>
NHMW, 2831
</taxonomicName>
M257. This collection consists of 151 slides of
<specimenCount id="14B984C01E3B1238C2A0F926FA34F8ED" box="[1266,1431,1773,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
, some immature, from various European localities. The material originates from L von Graff and his collaborators at the University of Graz and some slides can be recognized as the source of illustrations in
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C355F8F6FA3FF8BD" author="Graff, L. von" box="[1287,1436,1853,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref14168" refString="Graff, L. von. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien. II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). W. Engelmann, Leipzig." type="book" year="1899">Graff (1899)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C69BF8AEFEFDF895" author="Bendl, W. E." box="[201,350,1893,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="525 - 554" refId="ref14058" refString="Bendl, W. E. (1908) Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Genus Rhynchodemus. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 89, 525 - 554." type="journal article" year="1908">Bendl (1908</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E3B1238C73EF8AEFE08F895" author="Bendl, W. E." box="[364,427,1893,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="51 - 74" refId="ref14085" refString="Bendl, W. E. (1909) Europaische Rhynchodemiden. I. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 92, 51 - 74." type="journal article" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
). Some labels are apparently in Bendl’s handwriting.
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E3B1238C277F8AEFB00F895" box="[1061,1187,1893,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1465,1489]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,281,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-260@18.[171,1415,277,1439]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Specimens from NHMW, originating from the University of Graz. a. Longitudinal section through the copulatory apparatus of a specimen from County Galway, Ireland. b &amp; c. Transverse sections through a specimen of unknown origin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231309/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 12a</figureCitation>
shows a section of a specimen from
<collectingRegion id="C07B81AB1E3B1238C71CF846FDABF84D" box="[334,520,1933,1959]" country="Ireland" name="Galway" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">County Galway</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="7AA80FD91E3B1238C447F846FDCFF84D" box="[533,620,1933,1959]" name="Ireland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ireland</collectingCountry>
. There is a spherical basal bulb with internal projections, and a short, conical penis papilla projecting into the antrum. The vagina is short and, as above, the two oviducts and broad genito-intestinal canal open into its posterior end. Transverse sections of another specimen (no locality on label) show the broad genito-intestinal canal and its opening into the intestinal diverticulum (
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E241227C28BFF0BFAD3FF30" box="[1241,1392,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1465,1489]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,281,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-260@18.[171,1415,277,1439]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Specimens from NHMW, originating from the University of Graz. a. Longitudinal section through the copulatory apparatus of a specimen from County Galway, Ireland. b &amp; c. Transverse sections through a specimen of unknown origin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231309/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 12b &amp; c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="56C01FC11E241227C6C5F869FD07F836" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5231303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231303/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,255,1954,1978]" targetBox="[160,1423,318,1915]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="02004F491E241227C6C5F869FD07F836" blockId="16.[151,1436,1954,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E241227C6C5F869FE84F850" bold="true" box="[151,295,1954,1978]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E241227C77CF868FD10F850" authority="(Muller 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[302,691,1955,1978]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E241227C77CF868FDB0F850" box="[302,531,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E241227C473F868FD08F850" author="Muller, O. F." box="[545,683,1955,1978]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref14392" refString="Muller, O. F. (1774) Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium Infusorium, Helminthicorum, et Testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Vol I mi pars altera. Havniae et Lipsiae." type="book" year="1774">Müller 1774</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Müller’s description of 1774 (as
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E241227C24CF868FB40F850" box="[1054,1251,1955,1978]" class="Trematoda" family="Fasciolidae" genus="Fasciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E241227C24CF868FB40F850" box="[1054,1251,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fasciola terrestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This is the first published description of any terrestrial planarian.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="56C01FC11E251226C6C5FB47FDEFFB03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5231307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231307/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[151,255,1164,1188]" targetBox="[184,1412,198,1138]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="02004F491E251226C6C5FB47FDEFFB03" blockId="17.[151,1437,1164,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E251226C6C5FB47FE85FB4E" bold="true" box="[151,294,1164,1188]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E251226C77CFB46FD14FB4E" authority="(Muller 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[302,695,1165,1188]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E251226C77CFB46FDB7FB4E" box="[302,532,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E251226C471FB46FD0DFB4E" author="Muller, O. F." box="[547,686,1165,1188]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref14392" refString="Muller, O. F. (1774) Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium Infusorium, Helminthicorum, et Testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Vol I mi pars altera. Havniae et Lipsiae." type="book" year="1774">Müller 1774</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Neotype (designated by
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E251226C598FB46FBC3FB4E" author="Minelli, A." box="[970,1120,1165,1188]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="399 - 419" refId="ref14366" refString="Minelli, A. (1977) A taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bolletino Zoologica, 44, 399 - 419." type="journal article" year="1977">Minelli, 1977</bibRefCitation>
). NHMD, TUR-19.1-12. a–f. Series of sections of the copulatory apparatus at different planes through the serial sections. Each is a merged image of two adjacent images. Anterior to the left.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="02004F491E251226C694FAD3FCBDF998" blockId="17.[151,1436,1304,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E251226C694FAD3FD26FAD8" authority="Fuhrmann 1914" authorityName="Fuhrmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[198,645,1304,1330]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Rhynchodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="carli">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E251226C694FAD3FE1BFADB" box="[198,440,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhynchodemus carli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E251226C796FAD3FD26FAD8" author="Fuhrmann, O." box="[452,645,1304,1330]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="435 - 456" refId="ref14143" refString="Fuhrmann, O. (1914) Zwei neue Landplanarien aus der Schweiz. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 22, 435 - 456." type="journal article" year="1914">Fuhrmann 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. NHMG (transferred from the University of
<collectingRegion id="C07B81AB1E251226C2F4FAD3FA81FAD8" box="[1190,1314,1304,1330]" country="Switzerland" name="Neuchatel" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Neuchâtel</collectingRegion>
). 5 slides.
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E251226C6C5FA8BFEE1FAB0" author="Minelli, A." box="[151,322,1344,1370]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="399 - 419" refId="ref14366" refString="Minelli, A. (1977) A taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bolletino Zoologica, 44, 399 - 419." type="journal article" year="1977">Minelli (1977)</bibRefCitation>
considered this to be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E251226C4A3FA8BFC4FFAB3" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[753,1004,1344,1369]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E251226C4A3FA8BFC4FFAB3" box="[753,1004,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but as Minelli comments, “the
<typeStatus id="DD04F1EB1E251226C33BFA8BFA38FAB0" box="[1385,1435,1344,1370]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
specimen is of very little help in assessing the true nature of the species”. The specimen was
<quantity id="C547E2AC1E251226C2A7FAA3FAFDFA68" box="[1269,1374,1384,1410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
long (preserved) and uniform brown/yellow in colour. Sections of the copulatory apparatus are poor, incomplete and not clear enough for a definitive identification. The ovaries are only partially mature and no ovo-vitelline duct is visible in transverse sections. However, numerous testes are visible. Expanded sperm ducts with stored sperm are visible posteriorly, but the specimen was damaged and nothing of the penis or other parts of the copulatory apparatus is present. The colour of the specimen suggests that this may not have been a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E251226C6E4F993FEE4F99B" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[182,327,1624,1649]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E251226C6E4F993FEE4F99B" box="[182,327,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. terrestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we cannot be certain of its identity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02004F491E251226C697F94BFF4EF906" blockId="17.[151,1436,1304,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E251226C697F94BFDD3F970" authority="MNHNP, AO" authorityName="MNHNP, AO" box="[197,624,1664,1690]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E251226C697F94BFE61F973" box="[197,450,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
MNHNP, AO
</taxonomicName>
38-49. Labelled “Madé C
<subScript id="9E3B4D0C1E251226C5CEF95BFC12F974" attach="right" box="[924,945,1680,1694]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1-3</subScript>
”. This specimen is one of those reported by Beachamp (1957) from Madeira. The penis is as described above (
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E251226C587F961FB9BF92E" box="[981,1080,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[445,1146,187,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-67@19.[442,1146,183,1911]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 13. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Copulatory apparatus of specimens from: a. Madeira collected and identified by Beauchamp (1957) MNHNP, AO 38-40; b &amp; c. Two specimens from Shirdley Hill, Lancashire collected 1992 by HDJ. Anterior to the left in a &amp; b, to the right in c. All to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231311/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 13a</figureCitation>
) thus its identification is confirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AA51CC21E251225C697F931FCFFFF30" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="02004F491E251226C697F931FDBFF8D6" blockId="17.[151,1436,1304,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<materialsCitation id="B2D745141E251226C697F931FDBBF8D6" location="Shirdley Hill" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lancashire">
The copulatory apparatus of
<specimenCount id="14B984C01E251226C449F931FD69F8FE" box="[539,714,1786,1812]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E251226C4A6F930FC24F8FE" box="[756,903,1787,1812]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E251226C4A6F930FC24F8FE" box="[756,903,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. terrestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<location id="076019921E251226C583F931FBCDF8FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8A16FE5F1E3B1225C6C5FCC1FEC5F804:076019921E251226C583F931FBCDF8FE" box="[977,1134,1786,1812]" name="Shirdley Hill" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Lancashire">Shirdley Hill</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="C07B81AB1E251226C229F931FB58F8FE" box="[1147,1275,1786,1812]" country="United Kingdom" name="Lancashire" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Lancashire</collectingRegion>
(HDJ collection) are shown in
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E251226C720F8E9FE64F8D6" box="[370,455,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[445,1146,187,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-67@19.[442,1146,183,1911]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 13. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Copulatory apparatus of specimens from: a. Madeira collected and identified by Beauchamp (1957) MNHNP, AO 38-40; b &amp; c. Two specimens from Shirdley Hill, Lancashire collected 1992 by HDJ. Anterior to the left in a &amp; b, to the right in c. All to same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231311/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
, b &amp; c
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02004F491E251225C697F880FCFFFF30" blockId="17.[151,1436,1304,2012]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E251226C697F880FE62F88E" box="[197,449,1867,1892]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E251226C697F880FE62F88E" box="[197,449,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
T1, T2, T4, T7 (see above). The copulatory apparatus of T1, T2 and T4 all have a basal penial bulb with internal projections, and a short muscular penis papilla (
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E251226C203F8B9FB10F866" box="[1105,1203,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[437,1170,183,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-59@20.[424,1171,180,1908]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Specimen T1, NHML, 2006.6.28.1. Sections through the copulatory apparatus. b &amp; c are of the same section, c is viewed with polarised light showing the refractive granules (white) limited to the intestinal epithelium. Anterior to the left." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231315/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E251226C28CF8B9FB5DF866" box="[1246,1278,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[493,1097,184,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-57@21.[493,1100,184,1912]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). a &amp; b. Specimen T2, NHML, 2006.6.28.2. c &amp; d. Specimen T4, NHML, 2006.6.28.4. Sections through the copulatory apparatus, b &amp; d viewed with polarised light showing the refractive granules (white) limited to the intestinal epithelium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231317/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">15</figureCitation>
). The vagina opens directly from the antrum and the genito-intestinal canal is broad and sinus-like. There are two openings from the genito-intestinal canal into the intestine in T1 and T2 but only one in T4. Refractive granules in the digestive epithelium do not enter the genito-intestinal canal (
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E261225C53DFF53FC7AFF58" box="[879,985,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[437,1170,183,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-59@20.[424,1171,180,1908]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Specimen T1, NHML, 2006.6.28.1. Sections through the copulatory apparatus. b &amp; c are of the same section, c is viewed with polarised light showing the refractive granules (white) limited to the intestinal epithelium. Anterior to the left." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231315/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 14c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9A8453CC1E261225C5B5FF53FBF7FF58" box="[999,1108,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[493,1097,184,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-57@21.[493,1100,184,1912]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). a &amp; b. Specimen T2, NHML, 2006.6.28.2. c &amp; d. Specimen T4, NHML, 2006.6.28.4. Sections through the copulatory apparatus, b &amp; d viewed with polarised light showing the refractive granules (white) limited to the intestinal epithelium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231317/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">15b, 15d</figureCitation>
). We are confident that our identification of these specimens as
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E261225C46DFF0BFD73FF33" box="[575,720,192,217]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E261225C46DFF0BFD73FF33" box="[575,720,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. terrestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is accurate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="56C01FC11E261225C6C5FA72FD3AF9FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5231309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5231309/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[151,255,1465,1489]" targetBox="[181,1405,281,1435]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="02004F491E261225C6C5FA72FD3AF9FF" blockId="18.[151,1436,1465,1557]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E261225C6C5FA72FE85FA3B" bold="true" box="[151,294,1465,1489]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E261225C77CFA71FD10FA3A" authority="(Muller 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[302,691,1465,1489]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E261225C77CFA71FDB0FA3B" box="[302,531,1466,1489]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Microplana terrestris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E261225C472FA72FD08FA3A" author="Muller, O. F." box="[544,683,1465,1488]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref14392" refString="Muller, O. F. (1774) Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium Infusorium, Helminthicorum, et Testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Vol I mi pars altera. Havniae et Lipsiae." type="book" year="1774">Müller 1774</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Specimens from NHMW, originating from the University of Graz. a. Longitudinal section through the copulatory apparatus of a specimen from County Galway, Ireland. b &amp; c. Transverse sections through a specimen of unknown origin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4AA51CC21E261225C694F98FFEC5F804" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="02004F491E261225C694F98FFEC5F804" blockId="18.[151,1436,1604,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E261225C694F98FFDDAF9B4" bold="true" box="[198,633,1604,1630]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Discussion of
<emphasis id="30CB935B1E261225C723F98FFDDAF9B4" bold="true" box="[369,633,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="C5BF34CA1E261225C723F98FFDD7F9B4" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[369,628,1604,1630]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="terrestris">Microplana terrestris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
The size, grey or black colour and broad white ventral creeping sole are quite good discriminating factors for live specimens of this species. However the colour may be non-uniform as in the granular specimens. The copulatory apparatus is distinctive, the penis having a spherical basal ejaculatory duct (seminal vesicle) with internal projections, and a distal, muscular penis papilla projecting into the antrum. The genito-intestinal duct opens via a broad, sinus-like chamber into a branch of the intestine via one or two openings. Both
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E261225C78BF8C7FDCDF8CC" author="Graff, L. von" box="[473,622,1804,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref14168" refString="Graff, L. von. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien. II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). W. Engelmann, Leipzig." type="book" year="1899">Graff (1899)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E261225C4FBF8C7FC9CF8CC" author="Bendl, W. E." box="[681,831,1804,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="525 - 554" refId="ref14058" refString="Bendl, W. E. (1908) Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Genus Rhynchodemus. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 89, 525 - 554." type="journal article" year="1908">Bendl (1908</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E261225C51EF8C7FC2BF8CC" author="Bendl, W. E." box="[844,904,1804,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="51 - 74" refId="ref14085" refString="Bendl, W. E. (1909) Europaische Rhynchodemiden. I. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 92, 51 - 74." type="journal article" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
) show that there may be more than one such connection.
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E261225C774F8FFFE46F8A4" author="Minelli, A." box="[294,485,1844,1870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="399 - 419" refId="ref14366" refString="Minelli, A. (1977) A taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bolletino Zoologica, 44, 399 - 419." type="journal article" year="1977">Minelli’s (1977)</bibRefCitation>
figure, which is after
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E261225C4B9F8FFFC2AF8A4" author="Bendl, W. E." box="[747,905,1844,1870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="525 - 554" refId="ref14058" refString="Bendl, W. E. (1908) Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Genus Rhynchodemus. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 89, 525 - 554." type="journal article" year="1908">Bendl (1908)</bibRefCitation>
, is generally accurate with the exception that the entry of the sperm ducts (labelled &quot;deferens&quot;) into the penis is misleading. The figure in
<bibRefCitation id="662E32B81E261225C285F897FEBAF874" author="Ball, I. R. &amp; Reynoldson, T. B." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref13874" refString="Ball, I. R. &amp; Reynoldson, T. B. (1981) British Planarians. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) No. 19, eds D. M. Kermack &amp; R. S. K. Barnes. Published for the Linnean Society of London &amp; The Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association by Cambridge University Press, Cambridge." type="book" year="1981">Ball &amp; Reynoldson (1981)</bibRefCitation>
is generally accurate with the exception that the cavity in the basal bulb of the penis (labelled “seminal vesicle“) is shown with a smooth lining without any of the internal projections visible in all the above specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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