510 lines
66 KiB
XML
510 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="6925" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766" ID-GBIF-Dataset="980c6143-e79e-4a41-898b-01fea5bc2735" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-273" ID-Pensoft-UUID="169E8237E76A5104901F212E0747F3EC" ID-ZooBank="8EBC87BBBD964E6FB63660429325AF21" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-273" checkinTime="1620977047662" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perger, Robert & Duperre, Nadine" docDate="2021" docId="00269932E67E5D7B9D41BED3769275D2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 97(1): 273-280" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1)" docPubDate="2021-05-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766" docTitle="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides Perger & Dupérré 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="552663F9-8AA0-4B31-9C75-D06AC6F4E817" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="169E8237E76A5104901F212E0747F3EC" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="169E8237E76A5104901F212E0747F3EC" masterDocTitle="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov. - a new ground-dwelling, carpenter ant-resembling sac spider species from the Bolivian orocline, with indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae)" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="273" pageNumber="273" updateTime="1732840068635" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods id="8A77622506220623DEC42DA7CD3A70E3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="ED3DC3C499053F46A288FFAB4F811B6C">
|
|
<mods:title id="C0F858BED1A95CE6055116484F223A07">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov. - a new ground-dwelling, carpenter ant-resembling sac spider species from the Bolivian orocline, with indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="9DC022B47BF7DA9C4E5A19E4B1015557" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="6F13615B09C78456EA64348E6978FA43">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="B6D5EB719A47819C9F97E8094167101C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="069C894F54062A4A1482F078E99C5BFC">Perger, Robert</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="44F6F9E76BA5C392A90F5F0B14BB23D8" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-9638</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="98AADA29AF6E8568E8735B577207F8F4">Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz, Bolivia</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6016DE2E765C71A5EB7C654D8DB62EC5" type="email">robertperger@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="6F27AA9D5F4A978EDAC184ECCD9F686B" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="EA9924286350578560879021FB77F447">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="7B703A1E5C991C0E427C927C0FF8625F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="41D9085C491EC6768B876DAA3C8FDF93">Duperre, Nadine</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E2F2AC333F21BEC0A647FCD2837B64D5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-878X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="491D4EFC3F5D2FA9891560468879B6E3">Zoological Museum, Center of Natural History, Universitaet Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="32D1B876CF2478E59C9D9A3BA666883B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="782832278B094AEA56545059C070CC44" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="038CA453B0B730E1986A5971B7BE6FE3">
|
|
<mods:title id="D63D9C57F50F86A4C906B998E8B138F8">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="15A85B6BD9C5F9CA3AD8D27E951A8385">
|
|
<mods:date id="0AAE240E1BFDBE39F161D8C4AB15F065">2021</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="3064BBBEC3AF8FC3036D1293EA56DEE3" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="EBED7DA9D1D373ABDEACFED8041EB79F">2021-05-13</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="4B696A788991EE36776447CAF42DA479" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="36255871D7000999FF9D4EAD7B5A4E87">97</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="CC83C67E642E1CDC195131EE56B0A042" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="524DDBE2837ABA9797796A1588325775">1</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="E25CCDA9347B9099CA017D24C8A86792" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="56CE3A192F004AD200FDD35E041CCA7F">273</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="453B09B30DD7BD2A6BA86B9294DB6304">280</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="AA9B0C85697DB107B8090859CB300153">
|
|
<mods:url id="E6C9D9E1F0D9B4B0E04972FB322B6F7C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="F3DF6FC0549433D9630C9BCBEC1FA89E">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="59D7AE5727D1F203BC68B34A73AC033D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="3B2213A8AF44B870553AD2530891240F" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-273</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="FB2B0A26F5E2AAE347006B1611890413" type="ZooBank">8EBC87BBBD964E6FB63660429325AF21</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="6BF7B49F64BF3F6F427E87C4C6EA31E8" type="Pensoft-UUID">169E8237E76A5104901F212E0747F3EC</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<subSection id="707CD28DDBA783FCA508491910508F0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="taxonomy">
|
|
<treatment id="00269932E67E5D7B9D41BED3769275D2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182069463" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:552663F9-8AA0-4B31-9C75-D06AC6F4E817" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/00269932E67E5D7B9D41BED3769275D2" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" scope_family="Corinnidae" scope_order="Araneae" scope_subFamily="Castianeirinae">
|
|
<subSubSection id="A0F66B22E17E1DDA28FF7922AF933AB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="2905B9345EE3179BBDF720C9548A20FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4DA2EA0FD863B098DA87498EB48AD12E" ID-CoL="98YZX" LSID="http://zoobank.org/552663F9-8AA0-4B31-9C75-D06AC6F4E817" authority="Perger & Dupérré, 2021" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides" status="sp. nov.">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28F0DF7749298556D9CDDF320613CCCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
<figureCitation id="260A1C7E6651607B42C367DC5FD9A252" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., holotype male (ZMH-A 0014700): A. Dorsal; B. Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542604" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation id="7F32FAAB36D6B7011AFC38A37BA74245" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral views of Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov.: A. Holotype male (ZMH-A 0014700); B. Female allotype (ZMH-A 0014701). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542605" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 3</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation id="ADEC52A56CFD46D86A07BC49F2EEDB32" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., palp male holotype (ZMH-A 0014700), A, B. Ventral view; C. Tip embolus; D, E. Lateral view. (Em = embolus; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542606" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 4</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation id="FABD90E70C90A8463F46049E0DC3CA04" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., allotype female (ZMH-A 0014701): A. Dorsal; B. Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542607" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 5</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation id="088042FD27339DA56EEEED17631736FB" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., epigyne female allotype (ZMH-A 0014701), A. Ventral view; B. Internal genitalia cleared, dorsal view. (CO = copulatory opening; CD = copulatory duct; ST = spermatheca; FD = fertilization duct)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542608" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 6</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation id="39761CF70652B779439019E663682668" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Life habitus and morphological resemblance between spider and possible ant model: Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., males: A. In natural habitat; B. On white background. Camponotus cf. melanoticus Emery, 1894 (minor workers): C. In natural habitat; D. On white background." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542609" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="584B00FAEB8CF57FB09CA553362D466A" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="type material">
|
|
<paragraph id="3598FC72E113B8A8FC700A406665E24F" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Type material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B89B7F632B7C2D224AE5001E36FC2B46" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
Holotype ♂ and ♀ allotype; BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz department, Santa Cruz de la Colina, Urubo;
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="038DA062059C359A1F43F9C44DF49AD4" degrees="17.760833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.760834">17.760833°S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="6BEED0A4445F5619FB77B417C5478BA9" degrees="63.24" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-63.24">63.24°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 432 m. a.s.l., 21-28 Dec. 2019, R. Perger leg.; Cerrado-like grassland in urbanization (ZMH-A0014700-14701). Paratypes: 2 ♂, 5 ♀, same data as for preceding (ZMH-A0014707) • 6 ♂, 10 ♀, same data as for preceding; CBF.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CF7FBBDF412CCE49D0216E2FC1CD200B" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="C70D086AD48E65ED1D93AE193FA89CD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1B6F27569B8DA58354E051778F7B75C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
Amongst species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2D8B282561B539FF0E7DFBCFA807FD1B" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9E1BB6CF8A9ED1803495117328A43AF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, an elongated and constricted abdomen is only found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D143D9689EEA5EE2592545DAA5A0DB3" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="418CD326E6840A45059DFDC365B20F93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="9A05E1A3C212643BF178353BE2DB6955" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., holotype male (ZMH-A 0014700): A. Dorsal; B. Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542604" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">2</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="C7D0D448DB45C0BA0CB26D60F7265C85" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral views of Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov.: A. Holotype male (ZMH-A 0014700); B. Female allotype (ZMH-A 0014701). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542605" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">3</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="B50E5C34C1CF4BC648B02F4EE9390A32" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., allotype female (ZMH-A 0014701): A. Dorsal; B. Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542607" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">5</figureCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CE6FF0FC7B4BD6F92295282DAC422D49" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="3860E54324847FAB4BE5A3D2C414BF47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Emerton, 1909), the latter occurring along the east coast of the United States (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1C21929EB6F2715707925C96FAECACCA" author="Reiskind, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" pagination="163 - 325" refId="B12" refString="Reiskind, J, 1969. The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 138: 163 - 325" title="The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae)." volume="138" year="1969">Reiskind 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Additionally, both species share a broad carapace (carapace index ~47-52) and all eyes small and sub-equal (male of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B5075B916C459282A10FD089E5502582" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C7E1CC951877B33E2BFCB86E1032CE51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
not described).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="5972503E566BE777AE816D129A855915" doi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542604" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph id="5CFC4FE4CBE6065D75C06FDD93E963F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="C030735029503C885EF31994F93A1280" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="28E8BE4737BF26AA421E3BD6628C5381" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="9BB7998C6A03D1941711AC5548A670BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., holotype male (
|
|
<emphasis id="F0DB091B57B5C38137E214DB609832A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">ZMH-A0014700</emphasis>
|
|
):
|
|
<emphasis id="0B550FE402D7BCDEEB9D6DB01D1545EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsal;
|
|
<emphasis id="898AC0E2268F4FA6418C390FDB694CF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="D407EF4AED3DEE43E3A805B6E442FE90" doi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542605" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph id="6352A69F9339D486CBF08B12E637104D" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="D182B37D3E7ECA88DC3780368B4BEB0C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral views of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="35C087FE241280A6F9A00FC99EEC99F6" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="C211B833A302989D96A3AEF9F83FAA92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.:
|
|
<emphasis id="C71618737BBEBCE97F5B088B74F199B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Holotype male (
|
|
<emphasis id="724ECE6176B0CA40DAAF4A5EDAF4E860" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">ZMH-A0014700</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="9617D2F9BE0DBE295EF3CC2F19ABE392" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Female allotype (
|
|
<emphasis id="F6E1BAE47B17200D618D0592B0665BB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">ZMH-A0014701</emphasis>
|
|
). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="55D18B844B331CCC3A677CB10A9A1A5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
Females of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5FA52C5D47879F98AF71012B3AF7AE0" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="5B912801EAA0185229EC6104C8BFC1ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0A6831FE2B243D4E23B12C49EA5BFB4A" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2C14B1939430617D9B6E5DEB0CB2E4C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the following characteristics: dorsum dark brown with an anthracite-greyish appearance in live condition (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="A7D4B69AFEB894F2C4355B3D169FD479" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Life habitus and morphological resemblance between spider and possible ant model: Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., males: A. In natural habitat; B. On white background. Camponotus cf. melanoticus Emery, 1894 (minor workers): C. In natural habitat; D. On white background." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542609" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
) (in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD90AA8D0CAB40E4D39DF25DCD6DAA04" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="05F69092E6390FF6D9E964E2CF40D73E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, carapace yellow-orange, dorsal sclerite of abdomen yellow, posterior part of abdomen dark purple-brown with light spots), coxae II-IV translucent white, I reddish (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="F93BEB3D76BD823E020152E2139498B7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral views of Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov.: A. Holotype male (ZMH-A 0014700); B. Female allotype (ZMH-A 0014701). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542605" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">3B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="520FD8087BFBDE313F178AF0E3EC321D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., allotype female (ZMH-A 0014701): A. Dorsal; B. Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542607" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">5</figureCitation>
|
|
) (in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A861C0649C4D72CD30DA3A821C6B2F5A" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="97E5E233D4D42D848655A31882026EDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, all coxae light), dorsal sclerite pyriform (elliptic in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4009EF7FFC35DC9FC5EE726EC0006C20" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="26C15995C54748A9455BA9BDFCC52825" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), tibia I with 3 promarginal and 2 retromargial spines (tibia I spination 2-2 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AAA8627472712C6652F5D1AC0AE30EFB" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F83B23B1068B651E8AF9B958BE0F3231" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); chelicerae with two promarginal teeth with distal tooth reduced to small denticle (3 promarginal teeth in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D265333936FA8DA6EF004E8EAA54839" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C7D19837BC39C8BCD8D0A88FBE70EC27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); copulatory openings of epigyne anterior to spermathecae (lateral in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DBEC859A5D9707BB6C9639A3CDEEEFBA" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DC89D3B513369F7767538E9269A39A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A974F14C60BD5884BDD0A88577958C16" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="6B68FACE729E81C210F46D2DE0F1AD7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0B294203B202138F9AEBB9C8B683369" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BC9C21BCE8040DD50ECC9B7BC7FC95F4" author="Reiskind, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" pagination="163 - 325" refId="B12" refString="Reiskind, J, 1969. The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 138: 163 - 325" title="The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae)." volume="138" year="1969">Reiskind (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
noted the distinctness of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A98B599C61D42385430CC09D6AD82F21" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lineatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="54728A8D908BC3084082A8D2B3EC58E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. lineatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
while transferring this species from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F04E8BCB837CDB66347C51D0CC3AEA82" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Castianeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Castianeira" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="DEF08AD0DBD619BB46453A4F09E27CD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Castianeira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="34EB48B2CF6CCE1B244DED3E7EA60C4B" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="56717F0517006D7CCAF8DDBA785C6BE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The general habitus of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1EF26EBD22FC8C279E8E57541112C90A" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="CEE605C8DC18505F5A80C7EC1762301B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. resembles that of species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0EFBBE385A70F24BE38CB01C0AF4CA" authorityName="O.P.-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EF61EF12FB30BC556E0AA09ADF90525A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Mazax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and possibly of some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="03C0DA27E1DF2D249AE0AC09D7BA0E75" authorityName="Pavesi" authorityYear="1881" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Apochinomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apochinomma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1131D9B3297DE286654ACA6FBBE22D85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Apochinomma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. Given that the generic taxonomy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3F68790BED3383DCD558393D88535070" authorityName="Reiskind" authorityYear="1969" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castianeirinae">Castianeirinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
remains uncertain and requires detailed phylogenetic work (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="ABB2FC410DFCBFB5AD7B609BCAD8507C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.1.9" author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" pagination="151 - 164" refId="B8" refString="Perger, R, Rubio, GD, 2020a. Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical ant-like spiders: Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. from Bolivian Chiquitano forest, a new country record for M. niger, and indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4790 (1): 151 - 164, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.1.9" title="Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical ant-like spiders: Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. from Bolivian Chiquitano forest, a new country record for M. niger, and indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.1.9" volume="4790" year="2020 a">Perger and Rubio 2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), we follow
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="21D54ADF09F7DFC4C92487497E9D095F" author="Reiskind, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" pagination="163 - 325" refId="B12" refString="Reiskind, J, 1969. The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 138: 163 - 325" title="The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae)." volume="138" year="1969">Reiskind (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and include the newly described species tentatively in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A89F1D760772F6179210DD72C9CE38C5" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="57A185BE5021C318E08A4184162B04BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The generic taxonomy and morphological affinities to species of other genera of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A41949DA680C5CD41CF176E46C1B4415" authorityName="Reiskind" authorityYear="1969" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castianeirinae">Castianeirinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
are addressed in the discussion.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="BE34B723380B09E77ECD55D66C4D4FA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="0A1877112ECE860E1324CB8752E33355" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Description of male holotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CF2EB688B5CF1DEB6F7E04EEA083B243" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Body length 4.69; carapace length 2.17, width 1.11, carapace index 51; cephalic width 0.72, cephalic index 65; sternum length 0.93, width 0.67, sternum index 72; abdomen length 2.42, maximum width anterior part 0.76, maximum width posterior part 1.04, abdominal index 43; petiole length 0.10, width 0.29; dorsal sclerite length 2.32 (width agrees with abdominal width); epigastric sclerite length 0.62, width 0.74; ventral sclerite length 0.95, width 0.51; inframamillary sclerite length 0.09, width 0.15. AER 0.47; AME-AME 0.08; AME-ALE 0.02; PER 0.60; PME-PME 0.14; PME-PLE 0.11.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="258C1295D75F29FAFED02CAFFE49D1BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="57B3F7F1E80D05534624CE51E1AC3DB4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Carapace</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="10A60D647C50768541851AC8477BBF4A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., holotype male (ZMH-A 0014700): A. Dorsal; B. Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542604" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Long pyriform, truncated anteriorly, front slightly convex, cephalic area laterally somewhat narrowed, carapace widest in middle, three slight concavities in posterior half, posterior margin straight. Dorsum weakly shiny, smooth, microsculpture reticulate with evenly distributed, fine pits, dark brown; short, appressed, separate, white and brassy setae, simple on cephalic area and feathery on thoracic area (setae providing an anthracite-greyish appearance in live condition), several relatively long, forward-pointing, dark setae on front of cephalic area.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0A772820C553D071D1501CC69D5B6091" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="4197DA3D86C071F1DD4825FD95EB2DBC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="F9C93F710D24F704D337D5E4F456D69B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Eyes</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Eight sub-equal eyes formed in two rows; PER distinctly recurved; AER slightly recurved.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CECA8B43FC28A90E351A74C4453C3934" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="9522729D0D77C74DBAFC717D46F5F564" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FF6F48BFF42F15BB6B7BA81CD7B328B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Chelicerae</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Orange-brown, shiny, with separated erect dark setae, area between retro- and promarginal rows of cheliceral teeth orange-white with dense white setae, two retromarginal teeth and two promarginal teeth, with distal tooth reduced to small denticle.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2C4E15944B98A785D0512105BE8A9FCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="C09C72305A4AA848A3CE1A9C1E8A7EBB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
|
(Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="1B03A8E2BDD22D1924DBF30B6DAC0B86" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., holotype male (ZMH-A 0014700): A. Dorsal; B. Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542604" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="D3F4C412C04214028589A5D25FE540C1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral views of Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov.: A. Holotype male (ZMH-A 0014700); B. Female allotype (ZMH-A 0014701). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542605" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">3A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Elongated, distinctly constricted medially, posterior part broader than anterior part; petiole only moderately developed, very narrow medially, proximal margin strongly concave; dorsal sclerite almost completely covering abdomen dorsally and laterally; ventral sclerite not reaching to level of inframamillary sclerite, latter narrow, subrectangular, broader than long. Dorsum weakly shiny, smooth, microsculpture reticulate with evenly distributed, fine pits, dark brown; covered with separate, simple, short, brassy setae, abdominal setae long, simple, not sclerotized, second pair longer than first; in constriction, distinct band of relatively long, dense feathery white setae, on anterior part of abdomen similar band, less dense in the middle, on posterior part three to four indistinct bands of similar setae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6EDDC3449DD8D5BBEDD09CEFC19D7A50" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="9ADE0A399A7D59BE09357295B85E92BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="048B0923C626038BB5B1D048E621F630" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Legs</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Coxae II and III translucent white, trochanters II and III dark yellow; coxae and trochanters I and IV reddish-brown; legs mostly sparsely covered with fine, golden setae, including feathery setae, dense in some areas, femora and tibia with separated, erect, long setae; femora I and II proximal fifths reddish, distal four-fifths laterally translucent, white and dark stripes along dorsal edges, remainder of legs I and II reddish-yellow; tibia I promarginal with 3 spines, retromarginal with 2 spines; femora and tibiae III and IV reddish-brown, dark grey stripes along dorsal sides; remainder of leg III orange-light brown; leg IV tarsus yellow; legs III and IV lined with short, appressed white feathery setae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AD4AAB17F8E1052AD16F84E174A3E0AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="5E0AED7EFEF13D19021097BAB01EEA2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="FC412858A8C0DBFD6A9844AA10573938" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Palp</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Pedipalp tibia with two distinct, long setae and several shorter setae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="A67DF0655ABD71D307660163BB3F0CB7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., palp male holotype (ZMH-A 0014700), A, B. Ventral view; C. Tip embolus; D, E. Lateral view. (Em = embolus; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542606" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
), retrodistal margin with one small, obtuse tooth-like apophysis (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="2409C5A469778D7331D34A44008E4C2B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., palp male holotype (ZMH-A 0014700), A, B. Ventral view; C. Tip embolus; D, E. Lateral view. (Em = embolus; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542606" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">4D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
); maximum width of tibia 96% of maximum width of bulb when viewed retrolaterally; narrow genital bulb drawn out into long neck, with long, thin, sclerotized embolus with three coils and a basal ridge (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="6162F1A50686CCAD9F5FF9CF0A0F7554" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., palp male holotype (ZMH-A 0014700), A, B. Ventral view; C. Tip embolus; D, E. Lateral view. (Em = embolus; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542606" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">4C</figureCitation>
|
|
); sperm ducts with two loops, both lateral and basal to embolus tube (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="698A129DC319164C0A965B3F00918D26" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., palp male holotype (ZMH-A 0014700), A, B. Ventral view; C. Tip embolus; D, E. Lateral view. (Em = embolus; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542606" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="18D329291CDD633EE3A88CCE56A787E7" doi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542606" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph id="8A68D150B52EBABC95FAFDF831A4B17A" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="96E77B17FF2C0AC2CE969157F9C40DA3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09FFB9744F7F4AAB01E2A5159A958795" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="D5C95D188C53B6E2AC7B18C919DE3B63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., palp male holotype (
|
|
<emphasis id="0A7BED0E5ACC4D88E96A66AD89B64176" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">ZMH-A0014700</emphasis>
|
|
),
|
|
<emphasis id="B89B09A63E70D8824FAEE12FC172786E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A, B.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="A92CF595E41F2C8A598058976EBFC72C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Tip embolus;
|
|
<emphasis id="0D4F688D92124F16E3F823C9A5FB0AA3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">D, E.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral view. (Em = embolus; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="73CB3D1393853E3A3EBFE0FDD46A20DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="female allotype">
|
|
<paragraph id="B5BA63561CD5438CA0A4D11EFA264637" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Female allotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0642FEBE30101F1D011E42B162A8BC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Body length 6.23; carapace length 2.85; width 1.35; carapace index 47; cephalic width 1.00; cephalic index 74; sternum length 1.19; width 0.80; sternum index 67. Abdomen length 3.15; maximum width anterior part 1.24; maximum width posterior part 1.45; abdominal index 46; petiole length 0.16; width 0.45; dorsal sclerite length 1.04; width 0.88; epigastric sclerite length 0.74; width 0.92; inframamillary sclerite length 0.16; width 0.35. AER 0.59; AME-AME 0.10; AME-ALE 0.03. PER 0.80; PME-PME 0.18; PME-PLE 0.13.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1A13BE0AEF0C90A8B71CCDE30431719E" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
Lateral constriction of abdomen indistinct (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="35D7B623F63250D8F570673390537F55" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., allotype female (ZMH-A 0014701): A. Dorsal; B. Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542607" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">5A</figureCitation>
|
|
), length of dorsal and epigastric sclerite one-third of abdominal length, dorsal sclerite pyriform, laterally not completely covering abdomen, ventral sclerite absent; coxa II-IV translucent yellow-whitish. Remaining somatic characters as in male.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="977BA849B2E1A7FBEBFAB2FEE9018345" doi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542607" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph id="68864AEE07E2AE69E468F619509B2B80" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="87C7607BDB2CCD34795907C1BA76C96D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2454FF292C7E56F8039AE6AA592C07BF" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="0AED9DBE5A525DCC627291E7A206B427" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., allotype female (
|
|
<emphasis id="6AD219035D3C97B600188D8C7987C270" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">ZMH-A0014701</emphasis>
|
|
):
|
|
<emphasis id="3625056E6598AB3D037A06B0221598D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsal;
|
|
<emphasis id="C3FE2E92A746EDDFA6DE28F779AF5D54" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Please note that most setae are broken off due to storage in ethanol.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="6177B5C574B02AC856A4518F865EEA44" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="7B01C4C48133F214E077DA2AD079406A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Epigyne</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="90B3A76C22536BA13ADA3F5BC899D768" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., epigyne female allotype (ZMH-A 0014701), A. Ventral view; B. Internal genitalia cleared, dorsal view. (CO = copulatory opening; CD = copulatory duct; ST = spermatheca; FD = fertilization duct)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542608" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">6</figureCitation>
|
|
). Epigynal plate forming part of the epigastric sclerite. Copulatory openings situated anterior to spermathecae, pointing in anterior direction. Copulatory duct running from anterior median part of spermathecae and connecting latter at posterior margin. Spermathecae oval, dorsally convex, wall more sclerotized laterally, fertilization ducts at postero-lateral margin.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="47EE62A73D7524EDF8C570176950ABBA" doi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542608" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph id="7DB7270E70B625B9D21EF44B2BFF43E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="A047BC2214092841EE33D9FB1EF8DD83" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3A6FEEDB39C88D4848D0705DD08FF6AA" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="9E572E605B971D2A14F560EE0377FC10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., epigyne female allotype (
|
|
<emphasis id="79E17DCCCA20469D62215B4865A79787" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">ZMH-A0014701</emphasis>
|
|
),
|
|
<emphasis id="0FD27F60731F346812B3183BF9B4F2C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="233BD5191C402BDDC90D521918C8BAAE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Internal genitalia cleared, dorsal view. (CO = copulatory opening; CD = copulatory duct; ST = spermatheca; FD = fertilization duct).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="68D28002324C76779C1A234D34C206C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph id="4DC2A982E888D0B2AC4BB2027DB59508" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E7E690F250CC7733D61C6D7545D9D29E" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Females (BL 6-6.5 mm) were larger than males (BL 4.8-5.2 mm). Sexual dimorphism in coxae color (coxae II-III translucent whitish in male, II-IV in female). The number of clearly distinguishable transversal bands of feathery setae on the abdomen varied between one or two in the median constriction and three or four closely before the apex. While the abdominal constriction of the male is determined by the shape of the large dorsal sclerite, it varied in females according to the nutritional or reproductive state and could be similarly constricted as in males.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CEB120F1B4DEFDAB5F97B8EBA72DCB3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="2E0F11871911EB058448E0F28209CB55" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8AAF4560008221DA0D3954EBE00C009D" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
The specific epithet,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E2963AB48918F5B870F6AAFCEC654690" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="5D89C1DF83864F4D74D8A429031B8BFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, is derived from the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A4762B4A7583E55732536B7E27416DE0" authorityName="Reiskind" authorityYear="1969" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castianeirinae">Castianeirinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
genus "
|
|
<taxonomicName id="954157E5EBFFC9DCAA0AA40C69DD3BD5" authorityName="O.P.-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8CA67F17DE3045AAD428597E2946E0D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Mazax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
" and "
|
|
<emphasis id="13EEB9668FCF06C3633BED904A37B7A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="26EFF8773071CC2E4BB1C03BE0D82755" originalValue="oeidēs">oeidēs</normalizedToken>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
" (Greek) = resembling or looking like and refers to the general resemblance of the habitus of this species to species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="105E77ED349D1AC110ADBB0DADD54D9C" authorityName="O.P.-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6DADDC7EC541B0A04834DE5C6C757494" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Mazax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E68E1E37011F1A54D11A8E537EF5272F" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="790D99B374190A49C2ADEBC94A5D3C9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Geographical and ecological distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DFF87B15CF286428785C6348217A9051" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
This species is only known from the type locality in the recently established urbanization of Santa Cruz de la Colina, Urubo, Santa Cruz department. This urbanization included empty plots with savanna grasslands, plant successions and bushes or houses with gardens. According to the ecoregion delineation by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DF2DEA3FA4810B88DA5E30705C6D9B94" author="Navarro, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" refId="B5" refString="Navarro, G, Ferreira, W, 2011. Mapa de Sistemas Ecologicos de Bolivia, escala 1:250000. RUMBOL SRL-The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Bolivia. [Edicion CD ROM]" title="Mapa de Sistemas Ecologicos de Bolivia, escala 1: 250000. RUMBOL SRL-The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Bolivia. [Edicion CD ROM]" year="2011">Navarro and Ferreira (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the forest in this area is considered Chiquitano forest. The urbanization was surrounded by a mosaic of forest fragments, Cerrado-like grassland and savanna.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5F7A3226B1810C7C8ADB3D824F8FAFCC" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="457CE5EB6AD2839921878F48302E0088" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. was observed foraging on the ground of open grassland during the day, under or between dense ground vegetation (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="F9879413893D3951E32F313930827606" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Life habitus and morphological resemblance between spider and possible ant model: Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., males: A. In natural habitat; B. On white background. Camponotus cf. melanoticus Emery, 1894 (minor workers): C. In natural habitat; D. On white background." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542609" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Because of its presence in open habitats, it is likely that the species also occurs in similar habitats in the Gran Chaco area in southern Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina. Despite high sampling effort in several Bolivian forest ecoregions (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="71EE19D121CC4148BEA18E4F6464F662" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/sax040" author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" pagination="403 - 408" refId="B6" refString="Perger, R, Perger, YN, 2017. A species richness hotspot of ant-mimicking sac spiders (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) at the Bolivian Orocline, with new country records for three genera and nine species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 110 (4): 403 - 408, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/sax040" title="A species richness hotspot of ant-mimicking sac spiders (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) at the Bolivian Orocline, with new country records for three genera and nine species." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/sax040" volume="110" year="2017">Perger and Perger 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2DB4E3EDEAD34488D61C4751D7D14C68" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190582" author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" refId="B7" refString="Perger, R, Rubio, GD, 2018. A wolf in sheep's clothing: The description of a fly resembling jumping spider of the genus Scoturius Simon, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae: Huriini). PLoS ONE 13(1): e0190582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190582" title="A wolf in sheep's clothing: The description of a fly resembling jumping spider of the genus Scoturius Simon, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae: Huriini). PLoS ONE 13 (1): e 0190582." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190582" year="2018">Perger and Rubio 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB7ACD1702777674220EA6DBF043A43E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.1.9" author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" pagination="151 - 164" refId="B8" refString="Perger, R, Rubio, GD, 2020a. Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical ant-like spiders: Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. from Bolivian Chiquitano forest, a new country record for M. niger, and indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4790 (1): 151 - 164, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.1.9" title="Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical ant-like spiders: Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. from Bolivian Chiquitano forest, a new country record for M. niger, and indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.1.9" volume="4790" year="2020 a">2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9E0917147565D66618B84F800A545748" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55210" author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" pagination="781 - 795" refId="B9" refString="Perger, R, Rubio, GD, 2020b. Sympolymnia, a new genus of Neotropical ant-like spider, with description of two new species and indirect evidence for transformational mimicry (Araneae, Salticidae, Simonellini). Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2): 781 - 795, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55210" title="Sympolymnia, a new genus of Neotropical ant-like spider, with description of two new species and indirect evidence for transformational mimicry (Araneae, Salticidae, Simonellini)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.55210" volume="96" year="2020 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), the new species was not observed in forest habitats.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="579CD17046C277FFB710FEC44FD97BD9" doi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542609" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph id="9B27C591B12EF3DB22178C044A70BF80" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<emphasis id="651DE72F648EB9B85AC2B277D8B0536C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Life habitus and morphological resemblance between spider and possible ant model:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="422CE8818F09DE6B682D5076BAF3A3BA" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="FD2E5C4310125C97D71FDBC4CA011481" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., males:
|
|
<emphasis id="B52EF9005DE39428BD1EBEB5C90F2EC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A.</emphasis>
|
|
In natural habitat;
|
|
<emphasis id="95CC66543A4015247451DF78A64C949E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B.</emphasis>
|
|
On white background.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="192383BDE70D52D64ADEEC9643B9AA4B" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus melanoticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanoticus">Camponotus cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Emery, 1894 (minor workers):
|
|
<emphasis id="3DAE5A50D3F9CD7AD7BEDE7F66A1905D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">C.</emphasis>
|
|
In natural habitat;
|
|
<emphasis id="26B04E301D456B024CC66B1AF4490417" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">D.</emphasis>
|
|
On white background.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="AB8F60619801A1F3E6BC05CC37636FEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F9297BBB50B7A29246A11325844E51FB" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="8914957E42CFA5FDB7B01543263817C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. co-occurred with four different species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BE639B5A8ECD042FFC622EB4D5F18C41" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Castianeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Castianeira" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D2DB6C59885B826F94E2096AB822EBE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Castianeira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(not determined) in the same habitat, three of which were commonly observed and had a dark body (blackish or black with grey) and red legs. A single male of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83205DBA0F0C9A2D6D88ED50912EF2E3" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax ramirezi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramirezi">Mazax cf. ramirezi</taxonomicName>
|
|
Rubio &
|
|
<normalizedToken id="D0401A17FA66C1723E3593C8285B9CC4" originalValue="Danişman">Danisman</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 2014, was collected as well, among individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A8605BE0B3F2A0DE355B24E8ACC8F224" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="593AFD15D2F396A2ADBB1285A65D1791" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B76490A0182771CE05A724AE596D3863" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="ant mimicry">
|
|
<paragraph id="18AABE1BC8E3A0929295DFE9F5952890" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Ant mimicry.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5C9A329442BF0AD3B2B251800E8567B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
Eleven ant species with a similar or larger body length than adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0F86A8D104165C131ADC85FDAD8258AB" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="EFE7152429AA6CBE7F014AB9845BC87B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (BL 4.8-6.5 mm) were found in the investigated plots. However, all individuals of the new species were collected close to the entrance of subterranean formicaries of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41267508F1E3D602C631E6B4DD9D5E2C" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus melanoticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanoticus">Camponotus cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Emery, 1894.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="763E075344E3BB3397B7A0C08F14EE18" authorityName="Perger & Dupérré" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="1DADCB6FE7599126CE621BEA02601346" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Myrmecotypus mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9E92CE637EF72A661BB4315E325EE18" lsidName="C. melanoticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="melanoticus">C. cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
shared an elongated, sub-oval abdomen, a weakly shiny, dark brown integument with anthracite tinge, fine brassy pubescence and sparse white setae on the posterior abdomen, and completely red legs (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="164547202CC6366E6D5D5F8C521D99F9" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Life habitus and morphological resemblance between spider and possible ant model: Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., males: A. In natural habitat; B. On white background. Camponotus cf. melanoticus Emery, 1894 (minor workers): C. In natural habitat; D. On white background." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542609" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">7</figureCitation>
|
|
). The reddish pedipalps of the spider resembled the reddish mandibles of the ants. Major workers of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96E0BE13FAF3F26126873F31AD2D5C56" lsidName="C. melanoticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="melanoticus">C. cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
were unlikely models, as they were larger and had proportionally larger heads. The body length of adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5E1A2EE93F7C58ADB53C8D77A6E43F0C" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="F008DCA4063DA3C337B7E3EB2496B15A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (BL 4.8-6.5 mm) was similar to the range of minor workers (BL 5.8-6.2 mm) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C1577CFABD98F4F5609BF5FA16E470CC" lsidName="C. melanoticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="melanoticus">C. cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BA07B09C0EB236046F5BFCB19D698663" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
No other ant species with a weakly shiny, greyish body, short brassy pubescence or completely red legs was observed in the studied area. Two additional ant species had an oval abdomen, but one of those species had a brown pronotum and a black, shiny abdomen (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40AAC6ACA77A07C358C6B0D40D877733" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus fastigatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fastigatus">Camponotus cf. fastigatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Roger, 1863), and the other species a reddish forebody and abdomen with golden pubescence (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2B5E9DDB77C2C977F3D65CCE8A967525" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus blandus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blandus">Camponotus cf. blandus</taxonomicName>
|
|
Smith, F., 1858).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="44FFCE7BEA22415D85D99FB2AFD339E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
When the first author approached the individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="597B32600FDBF1E70B0154507AC8D9F7" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="06663F4207980D73F9BFDF3B59CE9755" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., they were hiding under ground vegetation (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="CE31E283A9493C11BCB38D0D8B6DB96C" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Life habitus and morphological resemblance between spider and possible ant model: Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov., males: A. In natural habitat; B. On white background. Camponotus cf. melanoticus Emery, 1894 (minor workers): C. In natural habitat; D. On white background." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.64766.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/542609" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">7A</figureCitation>
|
|
). In contrast, individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5786FBF88EDF5CF96BF4D378CF26E1A" lsidName="C. melanoticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="melanoticus">C. cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
started to run fast and erratically after coming into contact with the hand of the main author, and many approached and some successfully administered a bite. The ants also behaved aggressively towards individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="98AF1A8C63424AD85ADCFF50C6A3F14C" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="EFA02563208F424539F16F832E4B6937" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. that came to close to the entrance of the formicaries, attacking and biting the spiders. The spiders rapidly retreated after such agonistic behavior.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D3A8A8C1450158A7E7BBC68A24902E89" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
|
|
For about six months, the colony of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="49A0C67844C1AEB94D42F216DEE931C0" lsidName="C. melanoticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="melanoticus">C. cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
was expelled by a colony of the larger
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D2DB1B294656DD4FF10BE0FDF49150FE" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus renggeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="renggeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="FB132BBAE290D70DC946293E6425CA74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Camponotus renggeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Emery, 1894, which was attracted by mealybugs on a nearby stand of introduced
|
|
<taxonomicName id="08B5B58B9B3EEFD59A185DDB4DDB8FE5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Croton" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="FEF07729BB716E31E79067D509DB70E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Croton</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
plants. During the absence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="19420DEAAA7934FBCDD6E6EC02D5795B" lsidName="C. melanoticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="melanoticus">C. cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, no individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A7C687E340C1D7F852A69AE0954EBEFA" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="207831ED2B0AF63F9505DDFDD8D7D782" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. were observed, despite a similar sampling effort. After the removal of the mealybugs by the main author,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="939333215F3CA8E37CFA98001D27B965" lsidName="C. renggeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="renggeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="A959990EF3D9E008DE1EDAB8D83985E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">C. renggeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
stayed away and the site was re-colonized by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4128A89001271F4EDB3F50E25DA327C5" lsidName="C. melanoticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="melanoticus">C. cf. melanoticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="015F602B4FD806CAA90F64EB01E4F2F9" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="A94674805F96E717ABA72E7FCE876E05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">M. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., indicating a strong mimetic relationship between these ants and spiders.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</document> |