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54 KiB
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404 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="CD0B381005B70B18940CC68284764A66" ID-CLB-Dataset="39078" ID-DOI="10.13102/sociobiology.v62i4.845" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c55f0dc-857e-4db3-9b62-03524f872198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="269908" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1463064616168" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ama JOma & Wp MacKay" docDate="2015" docId="100B5B7CFF77FF8CFCA3E0A8FD75FD96" docLanguage="en" docName="joma__mackay_2015_sociobiology_revision_of_the_african_ants_of_the_bothroponera_pumicosa_species_complex_-hymenoptera_formicidae_ponerin.pdf" docOrigin="Sociobiology 62 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Bothroponera pumicosa Roger" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="558" masterDocId="EC322304FF65FF98FF86E02AFFABFFAD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the African Ants of the Bothroponera pumicosa Species Complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="563" masterPageNumber="538" pageNumber="556" updateTime="1698662492046" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="85B755E9D5870291DA55A37B8F878A94">Revision of the African Ants of the Bothroponera pumicosa Species Complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A0725CDE1C855377AC820131AA6D4D9">Ama JOma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8AB24B9192917686C6D23BED3009D9E">Wp MacKay</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FBED9C818614A979D69298DF65FAF3E1">Sociobiology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F1B5CACFC60F81B972AE826B4CB8D67E">
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<mods:date id="1530A9A253BFEAB205DD526D01FB9DFB">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7B32419C1C4E79306FC1C2385A567AC4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="334B81B3AA34471CA8C2922A6EAF231F">62</mods:number>
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<treatment id="100B5B7CFF77FF8CFCA3E0A8FD75FD96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120677587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:100B5B7CFF77FF8CFCA3E0A8FD75FD96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/100B5B7CFF77FF8CFCA3E0A8FD75FD96" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
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<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF77FF8AFCA3E0A8FB26FF37" box="[805,1165,130,155]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF77FF8AFCA3E0A8FB26FF37" blockId="18.[805,1166,130,189]" box="[805,1165,130,155]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
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<heading id="C3555D06FF77FF8AFCA3E0A8FB26FF37" bold="true" box="[805,1165,130,155]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" reason="6">
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFCA3E0A8FB26FF37" authority="Roger" authorityName="Roger" box="[805,1165,130,155]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
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||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFCA3E0A8FB26FF37" bold="true" box="[805,1165,130,155]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFCA3E0A8FB84FF36" bold="true" box="[805,1071,130,155]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Bothroponera pumicosa</emphasis>
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(Roger)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF77FF8AFCA3E08FFB25FF10" box="[805,1166,165,189]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF77FF8AFCA3E08FFB25FF10" blockId="18.[805,1166,130,189]" box="[805,1166,165,189]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
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||
Figures 18, 19 and
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<figureCitation id="0099F6EFFF77FF8AFC74E08FFB96FF10" box="[1010,1085,165,189]" captionStart="Plate 8" captionStartId="19.[129,181,1970,1991]" captionTargetBox="[129,784,896,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[129,785,893,1945]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Plate 8: Bothroponera pumicosa, holotype worker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269929/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Plate 8</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="0099F6EFFF77FF8AFBCCE08CFB25FF10" box="[1098,1166,165,189]" captionStart="Map 9" captionStartId="20.[805,853,730,751]" captionTargetBox="[806,1451,134,713]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[805,1459,129,714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Map 9. The distribution of B. pumicosa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269930/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Map 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF77FF8AFCF7E0C1FB05FDB5" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF77FF8AFCF7E0C1FB05FDB5" blockId="18.[805,1460,234,1992]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFCF7E0C1FB8AFEAF" box="[881,1057,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Ponerapumicosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFBA5E0C1FB0AFEAF" author="Roger, J." box="[1059,1185,234,259]" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="278 - 312" part="4" refString="Roger, J. (1860). Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4: 278 - 312." title="Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen" type="journal article" year="1860">Roger,1860</bibRefCitation>
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:290 (w)SOUTHAFRICA, Kaffernlande;
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFC38E127FAD4FE88" authority="Mayr, 1862: 717" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="717" authorityYear="1862" box="[958,1407,269,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFC38E127FB16FE88" box="[958,1213,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Bothroponera pumicosa</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFB4AE124FAE7FE88" author="Mayr, G." box="[1228,1356,269,294]" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="649 - 776" part="12" refString="Mayr, G. (1862). Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12: 649 - 776." title="Myrmecologische Studien" type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 717
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(w);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFCA3E11AFB9BFEE5" author="Joma, A. M. A. & Mackay, W. P." box="[805,1072,304,328]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 8" part="2013" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/917847" refString="Joma, A. M. A. & Mackay, W. P. (2013). A new species of Afrotropical ants in the genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche 2013: 1 - 8. doi: 10.1155 / 2013 / 917847" title="A new species of Afrotropical ants in the genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)" type="journal article" year="2013">Joma and Mackay: 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 3;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFBDCE11AFA2EFEE5" author="Schmidt C. A. & Shattuck, S. O." box="[1114,1413,304,328]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa, 3817" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 242" part="1" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.2.1." refString="Schmidt C. A. & Shattuck, S. O. (2014). The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa, 3817 (1): 1 - 242. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.1." title="The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior" type="journal article" year="2014">Schmidt and Shattuck 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 76;
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||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFCA3E179FB45FEC6" authority="Raffray, 1887: 21" authorityName="Raffray" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1887" box="[805,1262,339,363]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicata">
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFCA3E179FB8AFEC7" box="[805,1057,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Bothroponera pumicata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFBB7E179FB63FEC6" author="Raffray, A." box="[1073,1224,339,363]" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie, 6 (part i)" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="18 - 37" part="31" refString="Raffray, A. (1887). Pselaphides nouveaux ou peu connus. Revue d'Entomologie, 6 (part i) (31): 18 - 37." title="Pselaphides nouveaux ou peu connus" type="journal article" year="1887">Raffray, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
[Misspelled name for
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||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFCCEE15CFBC3FE20" authority="(Bolton, 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Bolton" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[840,1128,373,397]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
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||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFCCEE15CFC6CFE20" box="[840,967,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFC54E15FFBCBFE20" author="Bolton, B." box="[978,1120,373,397]" journalOrPublisher="Online" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="2013" part="12" publicationUrl="http://gap.entclub.org/archive/Bolton_NGC_2012_" refString="Bolton, B. (2012). The Catalogue of Family-group (suprageneric) Taxa. Online http: // gap. entclub. org / archive / Bolton _ NGC _ 2012 _ JAN. pdf (accessed 05 / 12 / 2013)." title="The Catalogue of Family-group (suprageneric) Taxa" type="journal article" year="2012">Bolton, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
];
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||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFBF1E15FFBEDFE1D" authority="Emery, 1901: 45" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa" subGenus="Bothroponera">
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||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFBF1E15FFAA0FE20" box="[1143,1291,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Pachycondyla</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFA9EE15FFA01FE20" box="[1304,1450,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Bothroponera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFCA3E1B3FC22FE1D" box="[805,905,409,432]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">pumicosa</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFC10E1B2FB8BFE1D" author="Emery, C." box="[918,1056,408,432]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="32 - 54" part="45" refString="Emery, C. (1901). Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponerines (Famille des Formicides). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 45: 32 - 54." title="Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponerines (Famille des Formicides)" type="journal article" year="1901">Emery, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 45
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFBD6E1B2FB16FE1D" author="Stitz, H." box="[1104,1213,408,432]" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="125 - 151" part="5" refString="Stitz, H. (1910). Westafrikanische Ameisen. I. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 5: 125 - 151." title="Westafrikanische Ameisen. I" type="journal article" year="1910">Stitz 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 130;
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<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFB7CE1B2FA23FE1D" author="Arnold, G." box="[1274,1416,408,432]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 159" part="14" refString="Arnold, G. (1915). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae; Dorylinae. Annals of the South African Museum, 14: 1 - 159." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae; Dorylinae" type="journal article" year="1915">Arnold, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 62;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFCA3E191FC6DFE7E" author="Santschi, F." box="[805,966,443,467]" journalOrPublisher="I. Tragardh. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 44" part="15" refString="Santschi, F. (1914). Meddelanden fran Goteborgs Musei Zoologiska Afdelning. 3. Fourmis du Natal et du Zoulouland recoltees par le Dr. I. Tragardh. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar 15: 1 - 44." title="Meddelanden fran Goteborgs Musei Zoologiska Afdelning. 3. Fourmis du Natal et du Zoulouland recoltees par le Dr" type="journal article" year="1914">Santschi, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 4
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||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFC6DE191FA19FE7E" authority="Forel, 1901: 344" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1901" box="[1003,1458,443,467]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
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||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFC6DE191FB46FE7F" box="[1003,1261,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Pachycondyla pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFB78E191FAD5FE7E" author="Forel, A." box="[1278,1406,443,467]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="325 - 353" part="9" refString="Forel, A. (1901). Nouvelles especes de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espece nouvelle d'Eciton). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 9: 325 - 353." title="Nouvelles especes de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espece nouvelle d'Eciton)" type="journal article" year="1901">Forel, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 344
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(m);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFCD1E1F7FC58FE58" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[855,1011,477,501]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 1004" part="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922). Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45: 1 - 1004." title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 771;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFBA9E1F7FA04FE58" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[1071,1455,477,501]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="386 - 394" part="73" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1971). The larvae of the ant genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 73: 386 - 394." title="The larvae of the ant genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1971">Wheeler, G. C. and Wheeler, J. 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 390 (l); Brown, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF77FF8AFC6AE22AFBD0FDB5" author="Bolton, B." box="[1004,1147,512,536]" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, USA" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" pagination="504" refString="Bolton, B. (1995). A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World (pp 504) Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, USA." title="A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World (pp" type="book chapter" year="1995">Bolton, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 308
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF77FF8AFCF7E208FC45FC76" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF77FF8AFCF7E208FC45FC76" blockId="18.[805,1460,234,1992]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFCF7E208FC4CFD97" bold="true" box="[881,999,546,570]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
The worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFB12E209FA33FD97" box="[1172,1432,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFB12E209FA33FD97" box="[1172,1432,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Bothroponera pumicosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is characterized by a large total length (11- 12 mm). The main distinguishing character of the
|
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<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFBEAE243FB45FD2D" box="[1132,1262,617,640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
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<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFBEAE243FB45FD2D" box="[1132,1262,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker is the long (up to 0.50 mm or more) golden hairs that are distributed on the entire body including the mandibles, clypeus, and legs. The hairs on the scape are long, at least as long as greatest diameter of the scape. The mandibles are hairy and smooth. The anterior medial margin of the clypeus is convex, “u” shaped, with a raised smooth medial clypeal area on the lower part and is partially carinate on the upper part between the frontal lobes. The lower part of the medial raised area tends to form a groove. The scape does not reach the posterior lateral corner of the head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF77FF8BFCF7E3CFFA6DFD0F" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF77FF8BFCF7E3CFFD4EFE7E" blockId="18.[805,1460,234,1992]" lastBlockId="19.[128,783,131,848]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFCF7E3CFFB1DFC50" bold="true" box="[881,1206,997,1021]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Worker Description: (n=5),</emphasis>
|
||
HL 2.50 - 2.75, HW 2.05 - 2.15, ML 1.30 - 1.40, EW 0.30 - 0.35, EL 0.40, SL 1.75 - 1.80, FL 2.35 - 2.60, WL 3.25 - 3.70, WPL 4.10 - 4.30, PL 1.00, PW 1.20 - 1.25, PH 1.00 - 1.55, CI 82.00 - 78.18, OI 19.51 - 18.60, MandI 51.00 - 52.00, SI 81.39 - 85.36, PetI 120 – 125. Head subquadrate; mandibles with about 8 teeth, covered with hair (0.20 mm in length); maximum clypeal length 1.85 - 2.00 mm; scape not reaching posterior lateral corner of head; maximum frontal lobes width 0.90 - 0.95 mm; frontal furrow well developed; length of malar space from lower edge of eye to base of mandible 0.50 mm; length from upper edge of eye to edge of posterior lobe 1.20 mm; frontal furrow well developed; lower margin of pronotum straight with anteropronotal area forming strongly curved angle, rounded inferior pronotal angle; basalar sclerite oval shaped; mesometapleural suture developed; anterior face of petiole from dorsal view rounded, slightly narrowed, posterior face vertical, slightly concave posteriorly (side view); posterior edge of petiole with slight depression (seen from above); mandibles shiny; antennae, legs, edges of frontal lobes, surface of head densely punctate; pronotum, mesonotum, propodeum, lateropropodeum, and metapleuron densely foveolate; mesopleuron rough with few scattered punctae and foveolae; petiolar and postpetiolar surfaces covered with larger foveolae than those of mesosoma; postpetiolar dorsum partially covered with striae; dorsum of second segment of gaster covered with shallower foveolae than those of petiole and postpetiole, covered with large striae; gastral segments rough, shiny; long golden hairs (up to 0.50 mm or more) distributed on entire body including mandibles, clypeus, legs; hairs on scape long, at least as long as greatest diameter of scape; erect and suberect hairs on body surface as following: head, funiculus, mandibles with long hairs (0.20 mm), hairs on scape about 0.20 mm on far end, about 0.40 mm on near area of scape’s base, hairs on legs about 0.25 - 0.30 mm, on pronotum, mesonotum, propodeum (0.40 - 0.45 mm), on petiole, postpetiole, entire gaster (0.50 - 0.55 mm); head, pronotum, mesonotum, mesopleuron, propodeum, petiole, postpetiole, entire gaster black; femora, mandibles brownish black; tibia, tarsi, antennae, edges of frontal lobes brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CCDDBAE2FF77FF8AFFECE77DFD61F826" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF77FF8AFFECE77DFD61F826" blockId="18.[106,761,1879,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFFECE77DFF0EF8C1" bold="true" box="[106,165,1879,1901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Fig 16</emphasis>
|
||
. The lateral view of the lectotype worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFDB3E772FD5EF8C0" authority="(Iziko)" authorityName="Iziko" baseAuthorityName="Iziko" box="[565,757,1879,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFDB3E772FD04F8C0" box="[565,687,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">B. montivaga</emphasis>
|
||
(Iziko)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFFECE75FFF0CF827" bold="true" box="[106,167,1909,1931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Fig 17</emphasis>
|
||
. The head of the lectotype worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFD85E75FFD6CF826" authority="(Iziko)" authorityName="Iziko" baseAuthorityName="Iziko" box="[515,711,1909,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFD85E75FFDD4F827" box="[515,639,1909,1930]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">B. montivaga</emphasis>
|
||
(Iziko)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CCDDBAE2FF77FF8AFFECE7B8FD15F805" box="[106,702,1938,1960]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269928/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" targetBox="[114,757,951,1847]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF77FF8AFFECE7B8FD15F805" blockId="18.[106,761,1879,1989]" box="[106,702,1938,1960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFFECE7B8FF0CF80A" bold="true" box="[106,167,1938,1960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Fig 18</emphasis>
|
||
. The head of the holotype worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFD86E7B9FD11F805" authority="(Iziko)" authorityName="Iziko" baseAuthorityName="Iziko" box="[512,698,1938,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFD86E7B9FDD9F805" box="[512,626,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Iziko)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CCDDBAE2FF77FF8AFFECE785FD53F868" box="[106,760,1967,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF77FF8AFFECE785FD53F868" blockId="18.[106,761,1879,1989]" box="[106,760,1967,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFFECE785FF0DF869" bold="true" box="[106,166,1967,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">Fig 19</emphasis>
|
||
. The lateral view of the holotype worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF77FF8AFDBDE79AFD5EF868" authority="(Iziko)" authorityName="Iziko" baseAuthorityName="Iziko" box="[571,757,1967,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF77FF8AFDBDE79AFD05F868" box="[571,686,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="556">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Iziko)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF76FF8BFF4AE1F7FA6DFD0F" blockId="19.[128,783,131,848]" lastBlockId="19.[828,1482,131,1299]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFF4AE1F7FEC9FE58" bold="true" box="[204,354,477,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Comparison:</emphasis>
|
||
The worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFD84E1F4FD2EFE58" box="[514,645,478,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFD84E1F4FD2EFE58" box="[514,645,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar “u” shaped anterior margin of the clypeus as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFD71E22BFF47FD96" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFD71E22BFCACFDB5" box="[759,775,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFF07E209FF47FD96" box="[129,236,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFF7DE20EFEC7FD96" box="[251,364,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFF7DE20EFEA0FD96" box="[251,267,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFE9AE20EFEC7FD96" box="[284,364,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFEFAE20EFDAFFD96" box="[380,516,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFEFAE20EFDAFFD96" box="[380,516,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFDC2E20EFD7EFD96" box="[580,725,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFDC2E20EFD7EFD96" box="[580,725,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. laevissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The upper part of the raised area of the clypeus forms a partial carina while it forms a complete longitudinal sharp carina in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFF3CE2A6FEECFD0E" box="[186,327,651,675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFF3CE2A6FEECFD0E" box="[186,327,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFE04E2A6FE59FD0E" box="[386,498,652,675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFE04E2A6FE59FD0E" box="[386,498,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFDA9E2A6FD1CFD0E" box="[559,695,651,675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFDA9E2A6FD1CFD0E" box="[559,695,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFD7EE2A6FF44FD6B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFD7EE2A6FF44FD6B" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. laevissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack the carina. The long hairs (up to 0.50 mm or more) separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFEA3E2FBFE03FD45" box="[293,424,721,744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFEA3E2FBFE03FD45" box="[293,424,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all of the other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFF21E2DEFE81FCA6" box="[167,298,756,779]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFF21E2DEFE81FCA6" box="[167,298,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex. The hair length of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFF06E33CFEA8FC80" box="[128,259,790,813]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFF06E33CFEA8FC80" box="[128,259,790,813]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex species is less than 0.20 mm for the head; less than 0.25 mm for the pronotum, mesonotum, and propodeum; and less than 0.35 mm for the petiole and postpetiole. The traits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFBC5E08CFB6EFF10" box="[1091,1221,166,189]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFBC5E08CFB6EFF10" box="[1091,1221,166,189]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFCD1E0E3FC71FF4D" box="[855,986,200,224]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFCD1E0E3FC71FF4D" box="[855,986,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFB8DE0E3FB3BFF4D" box="[1035,1168,200,224]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFB8DE0E3FB3BFF4D" box="[1035,1168,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it can be separated by the longer hairs and the form of the anterior medial border of the clypeus. The length of the hairs on the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFAADE124FA1AFE8B" box="[1323,1457,270,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFAADE124FA1AFE8B" box="[1323,1457,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 0.07 - 0.13 mm with a few hairs up to 0.16 mm. The length of the hairs of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFBB0E17EFB10FEC6" box="[1078,1211,339,363]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFBB0E17EFB10FEC6" box="[1078,1211,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 0.20 mm. The hairs on the dorsum of the pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum are 0.25 mm, and 0.07 - 0.16 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFB09E1B3FAB9FE1D" box="[1167,1298,408,432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFB09E1B3FAB9FE1D" box="[1167,1298,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFAC5E1B3FA61FE1D" box="[1347,1482,408,432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFAC5E1B3FA61FE1D" box="[1347,1482,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
respectively. The length of the hairs on the petiole and postpetiole in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFC55E1F4FBF0FE5B" box="[979,1115,478,502]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFC55E1F4FBF0FE5B" box="[979,1115,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 0.15 - 0.18 mm, and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFA35E1F4FC08FDB5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFA35E1F4FC08FDB5" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
less than 0.30 mm. The hairs length comparison of these species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFC78E20EFBD4FD96" box="[1022,1151,548,571]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFC78E20EFBD4FD96" box="[1022,1151,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFB7FE20EFAD0FD96" box="[1273,1403,548,571]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFB7FE20EFAD0FD96" box="[1273,1403,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the longest hair length among those mentioned above. The hairs on the entire body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFB9CE243FB35FD2D" box="[1050,1182,616,640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFB9CE243FB35FD2D" box="[1050,1182,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are up to 0.35 mm in length, but the hairs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFC67E2A6FBC8FD0E" box="[993,1123,652,675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFC67E2A6FBC8FD0E" box="[993,1123,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are longer, up to 0.45 - 0.55 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF76FF8BFC01E284FA6BFABE" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF76FF8BFC01E284FA6BFABE" blockId="19.[828,1482,131,1299]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">
|
||
Among the 5 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFB30E284FA91FD68" box="[1206,1338,686,709]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFB30E284FA91FD68" box="[1206,1338,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is one specimen, a worker # 315926, from the LACM, that appears to be different from the others based on hair length. This specimen was collected from South Africa and determined by Forel without any further information. The hairs on the head measure from 0.07 to 0.11 mm, on the mandibles from 0.10 to 0.20 mm, on the scape from 0.14 to 0.21 mm, hairs on the legs range from 0.15 to 0.22 mm, on the anterior part of the pronotum from 0.20 to 0.22 mm, posterior part of pronotum, sides of pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum from 0.05 to 0.15 mm, on edges of posteropropodeum up to 0.22 mm, on the petiole from 0.05 to 0.13 mm, on the postpetiole up to 0.10 mm, on the sides of postpetiole up to 0.22 mm, hairs between the gastral segments (ventrally) from 0.36 to 0.44 mm, on the pygidium up to 0.22 mm and ventrally (hypopygium) up to 0.30 mm. The other characters for this specimen are quite similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFC1EE4F3FBB0FB5D" box="[920,1051,1241,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFC1EE4F3FBB0FB5D" box="[920,1051,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is possible it could be a new species, but when more specimens are collected, it can be reevaluated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF76FF8BFCBAE56AFB77F906" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF76FF8BFCBAE56AFBBFFAF5" blockId="19.[828,1044,1344,1368]" box="[828,1044,1344,1368]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<heading id="C3555D06FF76FF8BFCBAE56AFBBFFAF5" bold="true" box="[828,1044,1344,1368]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFCBAE56AFBBFFAF5" bold="true" box="[828,1044,1344,1368]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF76FF8BFC01E554FA06FA76" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF76FF8BFC01E554FA06FA76" blockId="19.[828,1482,1405,1984]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFC01E554FB4CFA38" bold="true" box="[903,1255,1405,1430]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Type material: SOUTH AFRICA:</emphasis>
|
||
Kaffernlande, Transkei District, 31°30’0’’ S; 29°0’0’’ E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFB11E58AFA38FA15" box="[1175,1427,1440,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFB11E58AFA38FA15" box="[1175,1427,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Bothroponera pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF76FF8BFCC5E5E9FC61FA76" author="Roger, J." box="[835,970,1475,1499]" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" pagination="278 - 312" part="4" refString="Roger, J. (1860). Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4: 278 - 312." title="Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen" type="journal article" year="1860">Roger, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (1 w holotype, #11522.) SAM-ENT (Iziko).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF76FF8BFC01E5CCFB77F906" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF76FF8BFC01E5CCFB77F906" blockId="19.[828,1482,1405,1984]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFC01E5CCFC0CF98D" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Non-type material: SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape Province,</emphasis>
|
||
Grahamstown, 33°18’0’’ S; 26°32’0’’ E, 21-iv- 1986, N. G. Robertson, C154, u. stone (3w BMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFAE8E601FC02F9C8" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">SOUTH AFRICA:</emphasis>
|
||
No further information, Forel det., collection of W. S. Creighton purchased by LACM 1974,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFB48E65AFCD6F906" authority="Roger" authorityName="Roger" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFB48E65AFA62F925" box="[1230,1481,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Pachycondyla pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
Roger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, det. Forel (1w # 315926 LACM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF76FF8BFC01E69FFB1CF86D" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF76FF8BFC01E69FFB1CF86D" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF76FF8BFC01E69FFB1CF86D" blockId="19.[828,1482,1405,1984]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFC01E69FFBB3F960" bold="true" box="[903,1048,1717,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFBA7E69CFA8AF960" box="[1057,1313,1718,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFBA7E69CFA8AF960" box="[1057,1313,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Bothroponera pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Cape Province of South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF76FF8BFB2FE6F2FAEAF95D" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1193,1345,1752,1776]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 1004" part="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922). Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45: 1 - 1004." title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Cape of Good Hope (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF76FF8BFC4EE6D1FBF9F8BE" author="Roger, J." box="[968,1106,1787,1811]" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" pagination="278 - 312" part="4" refString="Roger, J. (1860). Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4: 278 - 312." title="Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen" type="journal article" year="1860">Roger, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the Natal, Province of KwaZulu- Natal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF76FF8BFC04E734FBABF89B" author="Forel, A." box="[898,1024,1822,1846]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" pagination="325 - 353" part="9" refString="Forel, A. (1901). Nouvelles especes de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espece nouvelle d'Eciton). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 9: 325 - 353." title="Nouvelles especes de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espece nouvelle d'Eciton)" type="journal article" year="1901">Forel, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF76FF8BFB8CE734FB02F89B" author="Santschi, F." box="[1034,1193,1822,1846]" journalOrPublisher="I. Tragardh. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 44" part="15" refString="Santschi, F. (1914). Meddelanden fran Goteborgs Musei Zoologiska Afdelning. 3. Fourmis du Natal et du Zoulouland recoltees par le Dr. I. Tragardh. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar 15: 1 - 44." title="Meddelanden fran Goteborgs Musei Zoologiska Afdelning. 3. Fourmis du Natal et du Zoulouland recoltees par le Dr" type="journal article" year="1914">Santschi, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 4) and some other workers were collected from a nest in Burntkraal, Cape Province (The Ants of Africa website, accessed March 2014). This species collected also from Cameroon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF76FF8BFB69E7ACFA39F833" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1263,1426,1926,1950]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 1004" part="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922). Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45: 1 - 1004." title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Mundame, Cameroon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF76FF8BFBB5E782FB07F86D" author="Stitz, H." box="[1075,1196,1960,1984]" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" pagination="125 - 151" part="5" refString="Stitz, H. (1910). Westafrikanische Ameisen. I. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 5: 125 - 151." title="Westafrikanische Ameisen. I" type="journal article" year="1910">Stitz, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF76FF8BFF07E798FDC6F865" box="[129,621,1970,1992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="CCDDBAE2FF76FF8BFF07E798FDC6F865" box="[129,621,1970,1992]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269929/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" targetBox="[129,784,896,1943]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF76FF8BFF07E798FDC6F865" blockId="19.[129,621,1970,1992]" box="[129,621,1970,1992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFF07E798FF6DF86A" bold="true" box="[129,198,1970,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">Plate 8</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF76FF8BFF55E798FE69F865" box="[211,450,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF76FF8BFF55E798FE15F865" box="[211,446,1970,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">Bothroponera pumicosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype worker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF71FF8CFF30E0A9FD75FD96" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF71FF8CFF30E0A9FD75FD96" blockId="20.[107,761,131,571]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFF30E0A9FE16FF36" bold="true" box="[182,445,131,155]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Biology and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
The type specimen was collected from Kaffernlande, former name of the Transkei and Ciskei regions, both in the Transkei District (per. comm. Dr. Worden) and the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF71FF8CFEE4E124FE40FE88" box="[354,491,270,293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFEE4E124FE40FE88" box="[354,491,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">B. cavernosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also collected from Kaffernlande. The habitat in Transkei District is covered with three types of biomes: Grassland, Savanna, and Thicket biomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0099F6EFFF71FF8CFFF4E15CFF10FE23" box="[114,187,374,398]" captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="3.[129,177,1495,1516]" captionTargetBox="[214,1318,129,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[212,1325,125,1483]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Map 1: The terrestrial ecoregions of Africa (Burgess et al., 2004) used with permission from Island Press, Washington, D. C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269911/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Map 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). These species, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF71FF8CFE32E15CFD8EFE20" box="[436,549,374,397]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFE32E15CFD8EFE20" box="[436,549,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are recognized by their behavior in that they build small colonies under stones in moist clay soils. They are mainly specialized to feed on termites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFF57E1F4FEDDFE5B" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[209,374,478,502]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 1004" part="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922). Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45: 1 - 1004." title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFE05E1F4FD11FE5B" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[387,698,478,502]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="386 - 394" part="73" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1971). The larvae of the ant genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 73: 386 - 394." title="The larvae of the ant genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1971">Wheeler and Wheeler, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The worker and male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF71FF8CFEBAE22BFE15FDB5" box="[316,446,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFEBAE22BFE15FDB5" box="[316,446,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from the Cape Province, Natal, South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFE33E209FD9EFD96" author="Forel, A." box="[437,565,547,571]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="325 - 353" part="9" refString="Forel, A. (1901). Nouvelles especes de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espece nouvelle d'Eciton). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 9: 325 - 353." title="Nouvelles especes de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espece nouvelle d'Eciton)" type="journal article" year="1901">Forel, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFDB9E209FD7AFD96" author="Arnold, G." box="[575,721,547,571]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 159" part="14" refString="Arnold, G. (1915). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae; Dorylinae. Annals of the South African Museum, 14: 1 - 159." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae; Dorylinae" type="journal article" year="1915">Arnold, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |