265 lines
33 KiB
XML
265 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="993C7B836400BC97D8606AA79CBBE2C5" ID-CLB-Dataset="39078" ID-DOI="10.13102/sociobiology.v62i4.845" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c55f0dc-857e-4db3-9b62-03524f872198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="269908" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1463064616168" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ama JOma & Wp MacKay" docDate="2015" docId="100B5B7CFF71FF8EFFECE68CFD49FE23" docLanguage="en" docName="joma__mackay_2015_sociobiology_revision_of_the_african_ants_of_the_bothroponera_pumicosa_species_complex_-hymenoptera_formicidae_ponerin.pdf" docOrigin="Sociobiology 62 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Bothroponera strigulosa Emery" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="559" masterDocId="EC322304FF65FF98FF86E02AFFABFFAD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the African Ants of the Bothroponera pumicosa Species Complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="563" masterPageNumber="538" pageNumber="558" updateTime="1698662492046" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7F9AD78D0C3877DD9CC44F219DA559DB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="22B936673E6CC4D19F1FF674150AE8FA">
|
||
<mods:title id="2740F0E716A7975B6482BA896924A81B">Revision of the African Ants of the Bothroponera pumicosa Species Complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="CF6FD0F0F1E884998233D77606B33710" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DBEB822982B616CDACCAB852B012AA7E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3AB14E7E023D7EAAFE248F8599B74C94">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1358D75CDA0602C389F2D793F9F3AB45">Ama JOma</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BB16F6C1AFE431FDC7F737AFD313161E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3E26758BB2BFCA3A7235AD85C8321E0F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7779CE9B643A78BE3493CC18BE63E1A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="22EEC8BBE07015E5F2D35597E505F0B4">Wp MacKay</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F1614B63D245C23B78D1748481565A2B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="694E74BCD7FC5708205E5EA482AF07E3" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="49EAA18F1914F0DF57473A7975F2E382">
|
||
<mods:title id="39E2C9EB33A4F6CEF73CB651E8116087">Sociobiology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="C61C4FC374ACE52C10C3DE18A8BBEF8A">
|
||
<mods:date id="183A1EC9841F4F2C215B638DA7958EE9">2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="57B3C73E4A8EFEB9AC7CBA8357972590" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="5BBB0F85DBC8D63AD62121369D61949E">62</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2F6052B29ECC1C3AECF8EAFF4EA174F9" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="EC7DE460C0E02522C98229DE31EF4633">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9D7E9C7E3EB7E382869F21A43FB36C35" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="29129FF773E4C3835F5DC5B89DE8B9A4">538</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C63775472E1E5A936D0EE0C171E06CF3">563</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1A4E7675B6F7E06097F76BAC2C61768D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EE1FBBFE24221AAB4C1207DC65AD9698" type="CLB-Dataset">39078</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="59F8AEA5835E61946ABF8684B85F6129" type="DOI">10.13102/sociobiology.v62i4.845</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="64488840249DA65B8160E55A4B267FFE" type="GBIF-Dataset">2c55f0dc-857e-4db3-9b62-03524f872198</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="51752DE65A13F2C484352F4BE2BF990D" type="Zenodo-Dep">269908</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="100B5B7CFF71FF8EFFECE68CFD49FE23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102161" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120677590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:100B5B7CFF71FF8EFFECE68CFD49FE23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/100B5B7CFF71FF8EFFECE68CFD49FE23" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF71FF8CFFECE68CFE61F912" box="[106,458,1702,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF71FF8CFFECE68CFE61F912" blockId="20.[106,481,1702,1762]" box="[106,458,1702,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<heading id="C3555D06FF71FF8CFFECE68CFE61F912" bold="true" box="[106,458,1702,1727]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" reason="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF71FF8CFFECE68CFE61F912" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" box="[106,458,1702,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFFECE68CFE61F912" bold="true" box="[106,458,1702,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFFECE68CFEDCF913" bold="true" box="[106,375,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Bothroponera strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
Emery
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF71FF8CFFECE6E3FE4AF94F" box="[106,481,1737,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF71FF8CFFECE6E3FE4AF94F" box="[106,481,1737,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF71FF8CFFECE6E3FE4AF94F" blockId="20.[106,481,1702,1762]" box="[106,481,1737,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">
|
||
Figures 20, 21 and
|
||
<figureCitation id="0099F6EFFF71FF8CFEB1E6E3FE28F94F" box="[311,387,1737,1762]" captionStart="Plate 9" captionStartId="21.[129,181,1978,1999]" captionTargetBox="[129,782,881,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[129,783,879,1963]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Plate 9: Bothroponera strigulosa, holotype worker." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269933/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Plate 9</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="0099F6EFFF71FF8CFE08E6E0FE4AF94F" box="[398,481,1738,1762]" captionStart="Map 10" captionStartId="21.[864,912,1125,1146]" captionTargetBox="[829,1474,521,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[828,1482,515,1100]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Map 10. The distribution of B. strigulosa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269932/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Map 10</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF71FF8CFF33E725FE0FF879" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF71FF8CFF33E725FE0FF879" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF71FF8CFF33E725FE0FF879" blockId="20.[106,760,1807,2004]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF71FF8CFF33E725FDD7F88A" authority="Emery, 1895: 19" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1895" box="[181,636,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFF33E725FE1DF88A" box="[181,438,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Bothroponera strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFE42E725FDF9F88A" author="Emery, C." box="[452,594,1807,1831]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="15 - 56" part="64" refString="Emery, C. (1895). Voyage de M. E. Simon dans l'Afrique austral (janvier-avril 1893). 3 e memoire. Formicides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 64: 15 - 56." title="Voyage de M. E. Simon dans l'Afrique austral (janvier-avril 1893). 3 e memoire. Formicides" type="journal article" year="1895">Emery, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 19
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(w) South Africa, Kimberley;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFEB3E71BFDBFF8E7" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[309,532,1841,1866]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 1004" part="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922). Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45: 1 - 1004." title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler, W.M. 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 72 in key;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFD12E718FF55F8C1" author="Joma, A. M. A. & Mackay, W. P." journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 8" part="2013" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/917847" refString="Joma, A. M. A. & Mackay, W. P. (2013). A new species of Afrotropical ants in the genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche 2013: 1 - 8. doi: 10.1155 / 2013 / 917847" title="A new species of Afrotropical ants in the genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)" type="journal article" year="2013">Joma and Mackay: 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFE98E77EFD91F8C1" author="Schmidt C. A. & Shattuck, S. O." box="[286,570,1876,1900]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa, 3817" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 242" part="1" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3647.2.1." refString="Schmidt C. A. & Shattuck, S. O. (2014). The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa, 3817 (1): 1 - 242. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.1." title="The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior" type="journal article" year="2014">Schmidt and Shattuck, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 76;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF71FF8CFDEEE77EFD84F822" ID-CoL="6TGQ3" authority="Emery, 1901: 45" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa" subGenus="Bothroponera">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFDEEE77EFEABF822" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Pachycondyla (Bothroponera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFE96E75DFEDFF822" box="[272,372,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFE05E75DFDA1F822" author="Emery, C." box="[387,522,1911,1935]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="32 - 54" part="45" refString="Emery, C. (1901). Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponerines (Famille des Formicides). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 45: 32 - 54." title="Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponerines (Famille des Formicides)" type="journal article" year="1901">Emery, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 45
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
list;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFDE2E75DFD5FF822" author="Arnold, G." box="[612,756,1911,1935]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 159" part="14" refString="Arnold, G. (1915). A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae; Dorylinae. Annals of the South African Museum, 14: 1 - 159." title="A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae; Dorylinae" type="journal article" year="1915">Arnold, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 61 (w);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFF39E7B3FE0DF81F" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[191,422,1945,1970]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 1004" part="45" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922). Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45: 1 - 1004." title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition" type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler, W.M. 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 773;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF71FF8CFE61E7B0FF1EF879" ID-CoL="6TGQ3" authority="Brown" authorityName="Brown" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFE61E7B0FD5AF81F" box="[487,753,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Pachycondyla strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
: Brown
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF71FF8CFF5DE796FEC1F879" author="Bolton, B." box="[219,362,1980,2004]" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, USA" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" pagination="504" refString="Bolton, B. (1995). A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World (pp 504) Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, USA." title="A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World (pp" type="book chapter" year="1995">Bolton, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 310.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF71FF8CFCF7E30BFB65FC4B" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF71FF8CFCF7E30BFB65FC4B" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF71FF8CFCF7E30BFB65FC4B" blockId="20.[805,1459,801,2004]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFCF7E30BFC4CFC94" bold="true" box="[881,999,801,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
The head of the worker is subquadrate and the mandibles are smooth and covered with hairs. The anterior medial margin of the clypeus is convex and forms a “u” shaped edge, and the clypeus has a raised medial sharp carina which extends from the base of the frontal furrow to the lower medial margin of the clypeus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF71FF8DFCF7E3DBFBB6FF4D" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="description">
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF71FF8DFCF7E3DBFDB4FDF3" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="20" pageNumber="558" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF71FF8DFCF7E3DBFDB4FDF3" blockId="20.[805,1459,801,2004]" lastBlockId="21.[128,783,131,848]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF71FF8CFCF7E3DBFB00FBA5" bold="true" box="[881,1195,1008,1033]" pageId="20" pageNumber="558">Worker Description: (n=1),</emphasis>
|
||
HL 2.50, HW 2.10, ML 1.35, EW 0.35, EL 0.45, SL 1.65, FL 2.50, WL 3.60, WPL 4.50, PL 1.15, PW 1.35, PH 1.45, CI 84, OI 21.42, MandI 54, SI 79, PetI 117.39. Total length 12.20 mm; mandibles triangular with 7 teeth, smooth, moderately covered with hairs (0.10 - 0.20 mm long); clypeal length 1.85 mm; scape nearly reaches posterior lateral corner of head; malar space from lower edge of eye to base of mandible 0.38 mm; length from upper edge of eye to edge of posterior lobe 1.10 mm; surface of head coarsely foveolate; frontal lobes rounded, smooth, shiny with width of 0.85 mm; pronotal shoulder rounded; two sharp angles on anterior (anteroinferior pronotal process) posterior (inferior pronotal process) ends of lower margin of pronotum (lateral view); basalar sclerite rounded; lower part of mesopleural suture well developed with mesopleuralcoxal excavation; petiole in dorsal view rounded, slightly narrowed anteriorly, anterior face vertical (side view), slightly concave posteriorly (side view) with slight depression on upper medial margin (top view); mesosoma 3.4 mm, gaster length 4 mm; antennae, edges of frontal lobes, mandibles and legs shiny; pronotum, mesonotum, propodeum, lateropropodeum, metapleuron densely foveolate, punctate; posteropropodeum rough, slightly concave; petiolar and postpetiolar surfaces densely covered with larger foveolae than those of mesosoma; postpetiolar dorsum partially covered with striae; second - fifth gastral segments densely covered with foveolae, punctures that become smaller, shallower posteriorly; postpetiolar dorsum partially covered with striae; dorsum of 2nd - 5th segments of gaster covered with fine striae; short (0.05 – 0.22 mm) golden hairs distributed on entire body including mandibles, clypeus, head, scape, legs; top of the head covered with short (0.05 - 0.13 mm) golden erect hairs; dorsum of pronotum, mesonotum, propodeum covered with short golden erect hairs (0.07 - 0.13 mm, a few up to 0.18 mm); petiole (0.08 - 0.22 mm), postpetiole covered with moderately short erect hairs (0.12 - 0.18 mm); sternopetiolar and sternopostpetiolar processes and 3rd to 7th abdominal segments covered with moderately long hairs (0.11 – 0.22 mm); ventral surface of gastral segments and between segments (0.15 - 0.32 mm); pygidium and hypopygium (up to 0.30 mm); head, scape, pronotum, mesonotum, mesopleuron, propodeum, petiole, postpetiole, entire gaster, legs black or dark-brown; mandibles, funiculus, frontal lobes reddish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF70FF8DFF4AE242FBB6FF4D" blockId="21.[128,783,131,848]" lastBlockId="21.[828,1482,131,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFF4AE242FEC9FD2D" bold="true" box="[204,354,616,640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Comparison:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFEEEE242FDC4FD2D" box="[360,623,616,640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFEEEE242FDC4FD2D" box="[360,623,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Bothroponera strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFD71E243FF7BFD0E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFD71E243FF7BFD0E" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFE80E2A6FE2CFD0E" box="[262,391,652,675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFE80E2A6FE2CFD0E" box="[262,391,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as they all have a “u” shaped anterior medial margins of the clypeus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFE60E284FD59FD6B" box="[486,754,686,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFE60E284FD59FD6B" box="[486,754,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Bothroponera strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFEA0E2FBFE38FD45" box="[294,403,721,744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFEA0E2FBFE38FD45" box="[294,403,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it can be distinguished because the mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFEBDE2DEFE6FFCA6" box="[315,452,755,779]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFEBDE2DEFE6FFCA6" box="[315,452,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smooth and shiny while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFF06E33CFF45FC80" box="[128,238,790,813]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFF06E33CFF45FC80" box="[128,238,790,813]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are covered with fine striae. The mandibles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFF06E313FEADFCFD" box="[128,262,825,848]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFF06E313FEADFCFD" box="[128,262,825,848]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are hairy and smooth. The hairs are long (from 0.20 up to 0.55 mm) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFBC2E0AEFB61FF36" box="[1092,1226,131,155]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFBC2E0AEFBFFFF36" box="[1092,1108,132,155]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFBE2E0AEFB61FF36" box="[1124,1226,132,155]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while they are short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFCBAE08CFC6FFF13" box="[828,964,166,190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFCBAE08CFCE7FF10" box="[828,844,166,189]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFCDFE08CFC6FFF13" box="[857,964,166,190]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from 0.05 up to 0.32 mm) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFA9FE08CFA2DFF10" box="[1305,1414,166,189]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cariosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFA9FE08CFA82FF10" box="[1305,1321,166,189]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFAB0E08CFA2DFF10" box="[1334,1414,166,189]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">cariosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from 0.05 up to 0.25 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF70FF8DFC01E0C1FA0FFE7F" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF70FF8DFC01E0C1FA0FFE7F" blockId="21.[828,1482,131,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">
|
||
The characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFBCFE0C1FAFAFEAE" box="[1097,1361,235,259]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFBCFE0C1FAFAFEAE" box="[1097,1361,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Bothroponera strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFC4BE124FBF0FE8B" box="[973,1115,270,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFC4BE124FBF0FE8B" box="[973,1115,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only apparent differences between them are that the raised medial area of the clypeus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFCBAE17EFC68FEC6" box="[828,963,339,363]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFCBAE17EFC68FEC6" box="[828,963,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smooth and the clypeal carina is not present, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFCE4E15CFC42FE23" box="[866,1001,374,398]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFCE4E15CFC42FE23" box="[866,1001,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a clypeal carina (it partially forms a carina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFCDEE1B3FC76FE1D" box="[856,989,409,432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFCDEE1B3FC76FE1D" box="[856,989,409,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. pumicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The erect golden hairs on most surfaces are slightly longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFC7FE196FBD5FE7E" box="[1017,1150,443,467]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFC7FE196FBD5FE7E" box="[1017,1150,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFA93E196FA35FE7E" box="[1301,1438,443,467]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFA93E196FA35FE7E" box="[1301,1438,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="CCDDBAE2FF70FF8DFCE6E44FFB5EFBD7" box="[864,1269,1124,1146]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269932/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" targetBox="[829,1474,521,1100]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF70FF8DFCE6E44FFB5EFBD7" blockId="21.[864,1269,1124,1146]" box="[864,1269,1124,1146]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFCE6E44FFC05FBD4" bold="true" box="[864,942,1124,1146]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Map 10</emphasis>
|
||
. The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFBF2E44FFB44FBD4" box="[1140,1263,1124,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFBF2E44FFB44FBD4" box="[1140,1263,1124,1146]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">B. strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF70FF8DFCBAE499FB0CFA10" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF70FF8DFCBAE499FBBFFB66" blockId="21.[828,1044,1203,1227]" box="[828,1044,1203,1227]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<heading id="C3555D06FF70FF8DFCBAE499FBBFFB66" bold="true" box="[828,1044,1203,1227]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFCBAE499FBBFFB66" bold="true" box="[828,1044,1203,1227]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF70FF8DFC01E4D2FBA3FA36" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF70FF8DFC01E4D2FBA3FA36" blockId="21.[828,1483,1272,1989]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFC01E4D2FC0AFA9E" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Type material: SOUTH AFRICA: Northern Cape Province</emphasis>
|
||
, Kimberley, 1230 m [4040 ft] (Gr. W.), 28°44’0’’ S; 24°46’0’’, E, E. Simon 1893,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFB3AE517FC71FAD5" authority="Emery, 1895" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFB3AE517FA61FAF8" box="[1212,1482,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Bothroponera strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC33979BFF70FF8DFCC5E54AFC79FAD5" author="Emery, C." box="[835,978,1376,1400]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" pagination="15 - 56" part="64" refString="Emery, C. (1895). Voyage de M. E. Simon dans l'Afrique austral (janvier-avril 1893). 3 e memoire. Formicides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 64: 15 - 56." title="Voyage de M. E. Simon dans l'Afrique austral (janvier-avril 1893). 3 e memoire. Formicides" type="journal article" year="1895">Emery, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Museo Geneva coll., Emery (dono 1925) (1w Holotype, MCSN).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF70FF8DFC01E58CFB0CFA10" box="[903,1191,1445,1470]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF70FF8DFC01E58CFB0CFA10" blockId="21.[828,1483,1272,1989]" box="[903,1191,1445,1470]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFC01E58CFBFCFA10" bold="true" box="[903,1111,1445,1470]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Non-type material</emphasis>
|
||
: None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF70FF8DFC01E5E2FB63F9E5" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF70FF8DFC01E5E2FB63F9E5" blockId="21.[828,1483,1272,1989]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFC01E5E2FBBFFA4D" bold="true" box="[903,1044,1480,1504]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Known from the type locality of Kimberley, South Africa.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF70FF8DFBC7E5C1FA90F9AE" box="[1089,1339,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFBC7E5C1FA90F9AE" box="[1089,1339,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Bothroponera strigulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from Vaalwater, Northern Province, South Africa (The Ants of Africa website, accessed March 2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F12DF381FF70FF8EFC01E679FD49FE23" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B8B9E1FF70FF8EFC01E679FD49FE23" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="21" pageNumber="559" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="981DEA6AFF70FF8EFC01E679FD49FE23" blockId="21.[828,1483,1272,1989]" lastBlockId="22.[106,761,131,398]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="560" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF70FF8DFC01E679FBD6F9C6" bold="true" box="[903,1149,1619,1643]" pageId="21" pageNumber="559">Biology and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
: Kimberley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa is a large city located almost in the center of South Africa, close to the Free State Province. The summer climate is hot and wet, the annual maximum temperature is 26.05 ºC, the annual minimum temperature is 10.8 ºC (Kimberley website 1 and Kimberley website 2). It rains an average of 42.0 cm/year while the winter climate is dry to moderately dry (Kimberley website 1 and Kimberley website 2). The area is considered as a dry or semi-arid region, which is the typical environment for the Northern Cape Province. Mokala National Park, one of the 20 national parks in South Africa, is located south-southwest of Kimberley. The main vegetation in this park is the savanna biome with Kameeldoring trees or camel thorn trees
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FA291E9FF73FF8EFD9CE0E3FD6FFF4D" box="[538,708,200,224]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="22" pageNumber="560" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erioloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD63678FF73FF8EFD9CE0E3FD6FFF4D" box="[538,708,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="560">Acacia erioloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one of the major tree species of the desert regions (Kimberley website 3). This park is also one of the protected areas that include several endangered species and wild animals. The Northern Cape Province is characterized by three types of biomes, succulent karoo, nama karoo, and savanna biomes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |