treatments-xml/data/E1/25/E8/E125E8674E8020DF871559AF240A02AC.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd2cf861-0325-4bbc-9131-8ae4252e593b" ID-PMC="PMC5769723" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-723-121" ID-PubMed="29362528" ID-ZBK="925CD37F313C42D08A1425F6720ABC3C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-723-121" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 723" ModsDocTitle="The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" checkinTime="1513622319708" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Feng" docDate="2017" docId="E125E8674E8020DF871559AF240A02AC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 723: 121-151" docOrigin="ZooKeys 723" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21545" docTitle="Gallerucida bifasciata Motschulsky" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="FFEC3D73FFD1C540FFC6EB65014ED850" masterDocTitle="The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1668165223494" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The genus Gallerucida Motschulsky in Taiwan (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Chi-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>723</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="139337008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E125E8674E8020DF871559AF240A02AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E125E8674E8020DF871559AF240A02AC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName authority="Motschulsky" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata Motschulsky</taxonomicName>
Figs 1, 2, 3
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky, 1861: 24 (Japan); 
<bibRefCitation author="Solsky, SM" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="232 - 277" title="Coleopteres de la Siberie orientale." volume="8" year="1872">Solsky 1872</bibRefCitation>
: 259 (East Siberia); 
<bibRefCitation author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="3 - 8" title="Chrysomelid-beetles from northern Korea." volume="13" year="1940">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
1940
</bibRefCitation>
: 6 (Korea); 
<bibRefCitation author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Transaction of the Natural History Society of Formosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="155 - 174" title="Chrysomelid-beetles from Korea (IV)." volume="31" year="1941">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
1941
</bibRefCitation>
: 160 (Korea); 
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Gressitt and Kimoto 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 721 (China: Jilin, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="369 - 400" title="The Chrysomelidae of Japan and the Ryukyu Islands, VII. Subfamily Galerucinae II." volume="13" year="1965 a">Kimoto 1965a</bibRefCitation>
: 399 (infraspecific variation between north and south Japan); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Osaka Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="31 - 48" title="A list of chrysomelid specimens preserved in the Osaka Museum of Natural History II (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="18" year="1965">Kimoto and Hiura 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 38 (Japan); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="21 - 38" title="A list of the chrysomelid specimens of Taiwan preserved in the Zoological Museum, Berlin." volume="5" year="1966">Kimoto 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 34 (Taiwan); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="39 - 48" title="A list of some chrysomelid specimens collected in E. Manchuria and N. Korea." volume="5" year="1966">Kimoto and Kawase 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 47 (China: Jilin); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 68" title="Motes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan II." volume="7" year="1969">Kimoto 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 68 (Taiwan); 
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 201 (catalogue); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="237 - 272" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1983 and 1986." volume="38" year="1989">Kimoto 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 260 (Taiwan); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 27" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1987, 1988 and 1989." volume="40" year="1991">Kimoto 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 17 (Taiwan); 
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Kimoto and Chu 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 92 (catalogue); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" title="Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Taiwan." year="1997">Kimoto and Takizawa 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 392 (catalogue); 
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, C-F" journalOrPublisher="Sishou-Hills Insect Observation Network, New Taipei City" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" title="The Chrysomelidae of Taiwan 1." year="2007">Lee and Cheng 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 104 (biology); 
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Beenen 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 459 (catalogue); 
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, X-K" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Chinese leaf beetles." year="2015">Yang et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 171 (catalogue).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
[sic!] 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">bifasciata</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Weise 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 578 (Amur); 
<bibRefCitation author="Heyden, LFJD" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="243 - 273" title="Verzeichniss der von Herrn Otto herz auf der chinesischen Halbinsel Korea gasammelten Coleopteren." volume="21" year="1887">Heyden 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 263 (Korea); 
<bibRefCitation author="Weise, J" journalOrPublisher="Junk, Berlin" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Pars 78: Chrysomelidae: 13. Galerucinae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus. W." year="1924">Weise 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 140 (catalogue); 
<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, DA" journalOrPublisher="Moskva-Leningrad, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Listoedy, Galerucinae. Fauna SSSR. Nasekomye Zhestkokrylye, n. s. 8 (1)." year="1936">Ogloblin 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 354 (redescription); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="485 - 490" title="A list of specimens of Chrysomelidae from Taiwan preserved in the Naturhistorisches Museum / Wien (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="68" year="1965 b">Kimoto 1965b</bibRefCitation>
: 488 (Taiwan).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Melospila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melospila bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Melospila bifasciata</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Baly, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Entomology" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1874.tb00164.x" year="1874">Baly 1874</bibRefCitation>
: 185.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Melospila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melospila nigromaculata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Melospila nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
Baly, 1861: 297; 
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Harold 1876</bibRefCitation>
: 3591 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bicolor" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bicolor">G. bicolor</taxonomicName>
, synonymy confirmed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida nigromaculata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Gallerucida nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
&amp; Kimoto 1961: 163 (host plants); 
<bibRefCitation author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="The Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 239" title="A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Formosa Part XI. Subfamily Galerucinae." volume="91" year="1962">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
1962
</bibRefCitation>
: 154 (redescription).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
[sic!] 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Weise, J" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="39 - 130" title="Chrysomeliden der Indo-Malayischen region." volume="65" year="1922">Weise 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 92 (China: Fujian); 
<bibRefCitation author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten ueber Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="160 - 174" title="H. Sauter's. Formosa-Ausbeute: Subfamily Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." volume="2" year="1935">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
1935
</bibRefCitation>
: 169 (Taiwan); Ogloblin, 1936: 356 (redescripton).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="bifasciata" subspecies="nigromaculata">Gallerucida bifasciata nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Nature &amp; Life" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="67 - 79" title="Notes on Korea Chrysomelidae." volume="19" year="1980">Takizawa 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 73 (Korea); 
<bibRefCitation author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Nature &amp; Life" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 18" title="Notes on Korea Chrysomelidae, part 2." volume="19" year="1985">Takizawa 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 10 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
[sic!] 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="nigrofasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigrofasciata">nigrofasciata</taxonomicName>
Baly, 1879: 453 (should be error for 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">G. nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
Baly because 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. nigromaculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">G. nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
is the only one of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baly’s">Baly's</normalizedToken>
species which is treated by 
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Harold (1876)</bibRefCitation>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bicolor" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bicolor">G. bicolor</taxonomicName>
) (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
, synonymy confirmed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Melospila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melospila consociata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consociata">Melospila consociata</taxonomicName>
Baly, 1874: 185; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, DA" journalOrPublisher="Moskva-Leningrad, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" title="Listoedy, Galerucinae. Fauna SSSR. Nasekomye Zhestkokrylye, n. s. 8 (1)." year="1936">Ogloblin 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 354 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
, synonymy confirmed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galerucida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galerucida</taxonomicName>
[sic!] 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="nigrita" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigrita">nigrita</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
, 1935: 168; 
<bibRefCitation author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="The Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="26" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 239" title="A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Formosa Part XI. Subfamily Galerucinae." volume="91" year="1962">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
1962
</bibRefCitation>
: 153 (redescription); 
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="21 - 38" title="A list of the chrysomelid specimens of Taiwan preserved in the Zoological Museum, Berlin." volume="5" year="1966">Kimoto 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 34 (as synonym of 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
, synonymy confirmed).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
. Lectotype ♂ (KUEC), here designated, labeled: &quot;Galerucida / bifasciata / Motch. / Type / Japonia [h, w] // 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ex-Musæo">Ex-Musaeo</normalizedToken>
/ E. Harold [p, w]&quot;. Number of paralectotypes is uncertain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Melospila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melospila nigromaculata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Melospila nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: &quot;Galerucida / nigromaculata / Baly / N. China [h, g] // Type [p, w, circular label with red border] // Type [h, w] // Baly Coll. [p, w]&quot;. Number of paralectotypes is uncertain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Melospila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melospila consociata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consociata">Melospila consociata</taxonomicName>
. Lecotype ♀ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: &quot;Hakodate / Mr. Moor [h, w, with pencil written on the back of the label which specimen glue on] // Hakodate [p, w] // Japan. / G. Lewis, / 1910-320. [p, w]&quot;. Number of paralectotypes is uncertain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName genus="Glaerucida" lsidName="Glaerucida nigrita" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigrita">Glaerucida nigrita</taxonomicName>
. Lectotype ♂ (TARI), here designated, labeled: &quot;Formosa. / Musha [= Wushe, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="霧社">霧社</normalizedToken>
], 1919. / V 18 - VI 15. / T. Okuni, [p, w] // CO / Types [p, w, yellow letters, circular label with yellow border] // Galerucida / nigrita 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] // 1928 [p, w]&quot;. Paralectotypes. 2♂♂, 1♀ (TARI), same as lectotype but with &quot;2183, or 2184, or 1929; 1♂ (TARI): &quot;Horisha / Apr. 2, 1919 [h, w] // CO / Types [p, w, yellow letters, circular label with yellow border] // Galerucida / nigrita 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g]&quot; // 2182 [p, w]&quot;; 1♂ (SDEI): &quot;Taihorinsho [= Talin, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="大林">大林</normalizedToken>
] / Formosa / Sauter [p] VIII. [h] 07.09 [p, w] // Syntypus [p, r] // Galerucida / nigrita 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] // DEI 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müncheberg">Muencheberg</normalizedToken>
/ Col-09171 [p, g]&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="124" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
adults are easily recognized by their black bodies, with or without yellowish brown stripes, and strongly serrate antennae. Aedeagi of male endophallic sclerite complex is characterized by its short endophallic sclerite complex, and the median sclerite is similar to the lateral sclerite in length. By contrast, the endophallic sclerite complex is comparatively longer, and the median sclerite is much longer than the lateral sclerite in other species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
Length 7.1-11.2 mm, width 4.2-6.0 mm. General color (Fig. 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
) black; elytra with three pairs of transverse, yellowish brown or orange stripes, one pair at baso-lateral angles curved inwards; second pair behind middle sinuate, expanding 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="125" start="start">posteriorly</pageBreakToken>
at 1/3 and 2/3 distance between suture and lateral margins; third pair near apex curved inwards, expanding anteriorly at 1/3 and 2/3 distance between suture and lateral margins; lateral margin of abdomen yellowish brown. Antenna serrate in males (Fig. 2A), length ratios of antennomeres 
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–XI">I-XI</normalizedToken>
1.0: 0.4: 0.5: 1.3: 1.2: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.3, length to width ratios of antennomeres 
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IX">I-IX</normalizedToken>
2.6: 1.4: 1.5: 3.3: 2.3: 2.2: 2.1: 1.9: 2.2: 2.1: 2.9; less serrate and shorter in females (Fig. 2B), length ratios of antennomeres 
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–XI">I-XI</normalizedToken>
1.0: 0.4: 0.5: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 1.1, length to width ratios of antennomeres 
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IX">I-IX</normalizedToken>
3.1: 1.6: 2.0: 3.5: 3.1: 2.5: 2.0: 1.9: 1.8: 1.9: 2.5. Pronotum transverse, 1.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long, disc convex, with indistinct depressions at sides, disc with microreculation, and extremely coarse, sparse punctures, and minute, sparse punctures between coarse punctures; lateral margin rounded; apical margin concave; basal margin convex. Elytra parallel-sided; 1.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, disc without micro-reticulation but with extremely coarse punctures arranged into striae, with minute punctures between coarse punctures. Penis (Fig. 2C, D) elongate, 5.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; parallel-sided; apex lanceolate; slightly curved in lateral view; ventral surface well sclerotized; endophallic sclerite complex (Fig. 2H) small, about 0.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as penis, composed of one median sclerite and one pair of lateral sclerites, median sclerite longitudinal, with dorsal process at apical 1/4, with dense setae along apical margin of dorsal process; lateral sclerites longitudinal and slightly longer than median, about 1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
median sclerite, asymmetric, curved near apex, apices circular and with one acute tooth. Gonocoxae (Fig. 2F) elongate, connected from base to apical 1/3, apices rounded, with dense elongate setae; base shallow bifurcate. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 2E) longitudinal, apex transverse, apical margin truncate; with dense short setae along apical margin; spiculum extremely slender. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 2G) strongly swollen; pump short but strongly curved; proximal spermathecal duct wide and deeply inserted into receptacle.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
Figures 1. Habitus of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky. A Female, dorsal view B Male, color variation, ventral view C Ditto, ventral view D Female, stripes completely reduced, dorsal view E Male, stripes well developed, dorsal view F Male, from northern Japan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
Figures 2. Diagnostic characters of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky. A Antenna, male B Antenna, female C Penis, dorsal view D Penis, lateral view E Abdominal ventrite VIII F Gonocoxae G Spermatheca H Endophallic sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Variations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University" pageId="27" pageNumber="148" pagination="369 - 400" title="The Chrysomelidae of Japan and the Ryukyu Islands, VII. Subfamily Galerucinae II." volume="13" year="1965 a">Kimoto (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
noted that specimens (Fig. 1F) collected from Hokkaido and Northeast Honshu possess coarser punctures on the pronotum and elytra, and reticulate microsculpture on the pronotum, and treated them as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. bifasciata" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="bifasciata">G. bifasciata</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. consociata" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="consociata">G. consociata</taxonomicName>
. Some individuals from North China possess the well-developed yellowish brown stripes on the elytra with several black spots (Fig. 1E). By contrast, some specimens from Taiwan have the yellowish brown stripes completely reduced (Fig. 1D) and were identified as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. nigrita" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="nigrita">G. nigrita</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName family="Polygonaceae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fallopia multiflora var. hypoleucum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="multiflora" variety="hypoleucum">Fallopia multiflora var. hypoleucum</taxonomicName>
(Ohwi) Yonek. et H. Ohashi (present study); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. sachaliensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="sachaliensis">F. sachaliensis</taxonomicName>
(F. Schmidt) Ronse Decr. (= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum sachaliense" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachaliense">Polygonum sachaliense</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Reynoutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Reynoutria sachalinensis" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">Reynoutria sachalinensis</taxonomicName>
) (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
and Kimoto 1961); 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Persicaria perfoliata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliata">Persicaria perfoliata</taxonomicName>
(L.) H. Gross (
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, JE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana Supplement" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 127" title="Leaf beetles in the Crops (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Economic Insects of Korea 27." volume="34" year="2006">Lee and Cho 2006</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum cuspidatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">Polygonum cuspidatum</taxonomicName>
Sieb. &amp; Zucc. (= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Reynoutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Reynoutria japonica" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">Reynoutria japonica</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fallopia japonica" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">Fallopia japonica</taxonomicName>
) (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
and Kimoto 1961); 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rheum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rheum undulatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulatum">Rheum undulatum</taxonomicName>
Linn. (
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, JE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana Supplement" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 127" title="Leaf beetles in the Crops (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Economic Insects of Korea 27." volume="34" year="2006">Lee and Cho 2006</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex acetosa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acetosa">Rumex acetosa</taxonomicName>
Linn.; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ru. japonicus" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="japonicus">Ru. japonicus</taxonomicName>
Houtt. (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
and Kimoto 1961); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ru. aquaticus" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="aquaticus">Ru. aquaticus</taxonomicName>
Linn.; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ru. crispus" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="crispus">Ru. crispus</taxonomicName>
Linn. (
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, JE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Koreana Supplement" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 127" title="Leaf beetles in the Crops (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Economic Insects of Korea 27." volume="34" year="2006">Lee and Cho 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Its host specificity was examined by 
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, Y" journalOrPublisher="Biocontrol Science and Technology" pageId="28" pageNumber="149" pagination="59 - 74" title="Gallerucidabifasciata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a potential biological control agent for Japanese knotweed (Fallopiajaponica)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150701742453" volume="18" year="2008">Wang et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. Adults strongly preferred 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fallopia japonica" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">Fallopia japonica</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum cuspidatum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum">Polygonum cuspidatum</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Persicaria perfoliata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliata">Persicaria perfoliata</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum multiflorum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">Polygonum multiflorum</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Fallopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fallopia multiflora" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">Fallopia multiflora</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
populations are presumably multivoltine. The following life cycle information is based on our (TCRT) observations (Lee and Cheng 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="126" start="start">2007</pageBreakToken>
). Females began to deposit an average of 20 eggs in single egg masses during mid-January. Eggs hatched in 11-14 days. The larvae (Fig. 3A) fed on leaves and the larval duration was 14-15 days. Mature larvae (Fig. 3B) burrowed into the soil and 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="127" start="start">built</pageBreakToken>
underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 3C) was 14-19 days. Newly emerged adults appeared during spring and were active (Fig. 3D) during summer and autumn.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
Figures 3. Field photographs of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida bifasciata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">Gallerucida bifasciata</taxonomicName>
Motschulsky. A Early instar larvae B Mature larvae C Pupa D Adults.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
CHINA. Anhui: 2♂♂, 1♀ (NHMB), Dabieshan [大別山], 21-24.VI.1998, leg. Bolm; Fujian: 1♀ (BMNH), Wuyishan [武夷山], Jianyang [建陽], 27.III.1980, leg. S. Q. Jiang; 2♂♂ (BPBM), Shui-Pei-Kai, Shaowu, 26.III.1942, leg. T. C. Maa; Guanxi: 1♂ (TARI), Dayaoshan [大瑤山], 14.V.2016; Hebei: 2♂♂, 3♀♀ (NHMB), Wudanshan [武當山], 5-7.VII.1998, leg. Bolm; 1♂, 1♀ (JBCB), Xintai [邢台], Taihang mts. [太行山], Neiqiu [內丘], 8-11.VI.2004, leg. M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Knížek">Knizek</normalizedToken>
; 2♂♂ (JBCB), border between Hebei and Inner Mongolian, road Chengda-Chifeng, pass 1600 m, 1-2.VI.2000; Heilongjiang: 1♂ (BMNH), Erlungshan [二龍山], 29.V.1966, leg. P. M. Hammond; 1♀ (BMNH), Harbin [哈爾濱], 29.VI.1952; Hubei: 1♀ (BMNH), Ichang [= Yichang, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="宜昌">宜昌</normalizedToken>
], B.M. 1922-212, leg. C. T. Bowring; 1♂ (BPBM), Trail between Mo-Tai-Chi and Sang-Hou-Ken, 19.VII.1948, leg. Gressitt &amp; Djou; Jiangsu: 1♂ (BMNH), Nanjing [南京], 1935, coll. IZAS; Shaanxi: 1♂ (BPBM), Mts. Chin-Ling [秦嶺山], IV.-V.1904; 1♀ (BMNH), Cuihuashan [翠華山], 19.IX.1980, leg. P. M. Hammond; 1♂ (BMNH), Huashan [華山], 30.VII.1966, leg. P. M. Hammond; 3♂♂, 1♀ (JBCB), same locality, 17-22.VI.1991, leg. Z. Kejval; Sichuan: 2♂♂ (TARI), Bayueshan [巴岳山], 21.IV.2013; 1♂ (TARI), Fenghuang [鳳凰鎮], 30.III.2013; 1♂ (NHMB), Guanxian [灌縣], 27.VI.1990, leg. L. &amp; M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bocák">Bocak</normalizedToken>
; Zhejiang: 1♂ (BPBM), Hangchow [=Hangzhou, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="杭州">杭州</normalizedToken>
], 11.VI.1924, leg. J. F. Illingworth; 1♀ (BMNH), same locality, 8.IV.1930, leg. P. H. Tsai; JAPAN. Hokkaido: 3♂♂, 1♀ (JBCB), Sapporo, Oshoro, 15.VI.1997, leg. V. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Košťál">Kostal</normalizedToken>
; Honshu: 2♀♀ (JBCB), Aomori, Fukaura, 11-13.VI.1999, leg. M. Hayashi; 1♂ (BMNH), Fukushima, 26-29.VII.1881, coll. G. Lewis; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB), Mt. Fuji, 200 m, 4-13.VIII.1985, leg. G. J. Minet; 1♂ (NMNS), Gifu, Kamagatani, 7.VII.1946, leg. T. Takahashi; 1♀ (NMNS), Gifu, Suhara, 3.VI.1956, leg. K. Ohbayashi; 1♀ (NMNS), same but with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“26.V.1957”">&quot;26.V.1957&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 16♂♂, 2♀♀ (NMNS), Hyogo, Mt. Oginosen, 4.V.1964, leg. M. H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
; 27♂♂, 2♀♀ (NMNS), same locality, 1-5.V.1965, leg. Y. Ohira; 1♂, 1♀ (BMNH), Kyoto, Kibune, V.1951, leg. A. Nobuchi; 3♂♂ (BMNH), Nikko, 3-21.VI.1880, coll. G. Lewis; 2♂♂, 1♀ (BMNH), Nikko dist., Kozawa, 15.VIII.1980, leg. P. M. Hammond; Kyushu: 1♂ (TARI), Fukuoka, Mt. Inunaki, 5.V.1939, leg. S. Nisiguti; 2♀♀ (TARI), same but with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“19.V.1940”">&quot;19.V.1940&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀ (TARI), same but with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“26.V.1940”">&quot;26.V.1940&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♂ (BMNH), Nagasaki, coll. G. Lewis, 1910-320; SOUTH KOREA. 2♀♀ (JBCB), Chungcheongbuk-do, Daegang-myeon, Danyang-gun, 12.VI.2008, leg. J. M. Kwon; 1♂ (JBCB), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Cheongsong-gun, Hyeonseo-myeon, Sachon-ri, 5.VI.2010, leg. H. W. Cho; 1♂ (NHMB), Kyongju National Park, VIII.1979, leg. G. M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Récolt">Recolt</normalizedToken>
; RUSSIA. 2♂♂, 1♀ (JBCB), Primorskij kraj, Arsenev, VI.1991, leg. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Štrba">Strba</normalizedToken>
; 1♂ (JBCB), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Primor’ye">Primor'ye</normalizedToken>
, Lazo, VII.1990, leg. S. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pokorný">Pokorny</normalizedToken>
; TAIWAN. Hsinchu: 5♀♀ (TARI), Kuanhsi [關西], 9.II.2007, leg. H.-H. Han; Hualien: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Fuli [富里] - Tungho [東河] (in Taitung), 9-11.XI.1982, leg. K. C. Chou &amp; S. P. Huang; Kaoshiang: 1♀ (TARI), Hsiaokuanshan [小關山], 15.V.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo; 1♀ (TARI), Shanping [扇平], 7.VI.2014, leg. W.-C. Liao; 1♀ (TARI), Taoyuan [桃源], 15.IV.2013, leg. L.-P. Hsu; 
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="128" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
♂ (NMNS), Tengchih [藤枝], 22.VIII.1996, leg. M.-L. Chan; 2♂♂ (TARI), same locality 28.III.2015, leg. W.-C. Liao; 1♂ (TARI), Tona trail [多納林道], 20.III.2010, leg. U. Ong; Miaoli: 1♀ (NMNS), Hsueshanken [雪山坑], 16-17.III.1995, leg. W. T. Yang; Nantou: 1♀ (NMNS), Howangshan [合望山], 1997, leg. C. C. Lo; 1♀ (NMNS), Huisun Forest Rec. Area [惠蓀林場], 22.V.1997, leg. C.W. &amp; L.B. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
; 2♀♀ (NMNS), Lushan [盧山], 18.V.1997, leg. C. W. &amp; L. B. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
; 1♂ (NMNS), Meifeng [梅峰], 9-10.II.1999, leg. C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang; 2♂♂ (NMNS), Meihsi [眉溪], 16.VI.1965, leg. B. S. Chang; 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (NMNS), Nanshanhsi [南山溪], 21.V.-17.VI.1965, leg. B. S. Chang; 1♂ (NMNS), same locality 11.II.1999, leg. C.-S. Lin; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 7.IV.2010, leg. Y.-T. Wang; 1♀ (NMNS), Penpuhsi [本部溪], 29.V.1965, leg. B. S. Chang; 2♀♀ (NMNS), same but with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“17.V.1970”">&quot;17.V.1970&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀ (NMNS), Shihtzutou [獅子頭], 21.II.1998, leg. C.-C. Lo; 1♂ (TARI), Tungpu [東埔], 19-23.VII.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou &amp; T. Lin; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 10-14.I.1983, leg. K. C. Chou &amp; S. P. Huang; 4♂♂ (BMNH), Musha [=Wushe, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="霧社">霧社</normalizedToken>
], 18.V.-15.VI.1919, leg. T. Okuni, J. Sonan, K. Miy., M. Yosh.; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 19-22.IV.1983, leg. K. C. Chou &amp; S. P. Huang; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), Yuanfeng [鳶峰], 2.VI.2012, leg. J.-F. Tsai; Pingtung: 1♂ (TARI), Ali [阿禮], 17.II.2016, leg. Y.-T. Chung; 1♂ (TARI), Peitawushan [北大武山], 17.II.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu; 1♂ (TARI), Tahanshan [大漢山], 16.IV.2007, leg. Y.-L. Lin; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 21.V.2007, leg. Y.-L. Lin; 10♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 18.VII.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♂ (TARI), Wutain [霧台], 11.IV.2007, leg. Y.-L. Lin; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 12.V.2009, leg. U. Ong; Taichung: 2♂♂ (TARI), 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="129" start="start">Kukuan</pageBreakToken>
[谷關], 20-22.VI.1978, leg. K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou; Tainan: 1♂ (TARI), Meiling [梅嶺], 4.VI.2010, leg. U. Ong; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 6.VII.2012, leg. Y.-L. Lin; Taipei: 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Wulai [烏來], 23.I.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu; Taitung: 1♂ (TARI), Chipen [知本], 15-17.II.1981, leg. L. Y. Chou &amp; T. Lin; 1♂ (TARI), Tulanshan [都蘭山], 4.VII.2016, leg. S.-P. Wu; 1♀ (TARI), Yanping trail [延平林道], 5.III.2016, leg. S.-P. Wu; Taoyuan: 1♀ (NMNS), Junghua [榮華], 15.V.1971, leg. B. S. Chang; 2♀♀ (TARI), Paling [巴陵], 3-5.V.1983, leg. K. C. Chou &amp; C. C. Pan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="129">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="129">China, Japan, Korea, Russia, Taiwan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>