277 lines
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277 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="CC61A39A90198CBAB0067CB716CAA036" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum forskalii Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 237. 1813." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654168732655" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>270</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC61A39A90198CBAB0067CB716CAA036" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC61A39A90198CBAB0067CB716CAA036" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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14.
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<taxonomicName authority="Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 237. 1813." authorityName="Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 237. 1813." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">Solanum forskalii Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 237. 1813.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Solanum forsskalii Dunal. Herbarium specimen collected in India in 1973 (Tiwari 941, CAL 0000031126). Photograph credit: © The Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689716" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">Solanum villosum</taxonomicName>
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Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 47. 1775, nom. illeg. non
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">Solanum villosum</taxonomicName>
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Mill. Type. Yemen. Wadi Surdud, Feb 1763,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Herb. P.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forsskål">Forsskal</normalizedToken>
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414
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</emphasis>
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(holotype: C [C10003107]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macilentum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macilentum">Solanum macilentum</taxonomicName>
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A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 105. 1850. Type. Ethiopia. Choho,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Quartin-Dillon & A. Petit s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" author="Lester, RN" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B139" refString="Lester, RN, 1997. Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125(4): 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" title="Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (4): 273 - 293." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" year="1997">Lester 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 286: P [P000343696]; isolectotypes: P [P0003436967, P000343698]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum albicaule" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicaule">Solanum albicaule</taxonomicName>
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Kotschy ex Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 204. 1852. Type. Sudan. Kordofan: Nubia, Cordofan Chursi, 29 Dec 1839,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Kotschy 309</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" author="Lester, RN" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B139" refString="Lester, RN, 1997. Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125(4): 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" title="Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (4): 273 - 293." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" year="1997">Lester 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 287: G-DC [G00145871]; isolectotypes: B, BM [BM000778322], E [E00193284], ER, GOET, K [K000414013, K000414014, K000414015], LZ, M [M0105605, M0105606], MO [acc. # 3942648], MPU, NY, P [P00344693, P00344694, P00344695], STU [STU000027], TCD [TCD0000843], W [acc. # 1889-0293762, acc. # 0000634], WAG [WAG0003359]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum heudelotii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heudelotii">Solanum heudelotii</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 205. 1852. Type. Senegal. near Gabor, 1839,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Heudelot 417</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">45</emphasis>
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) (lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" author="Lester, RN" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B139" refString="Lester, RN, 1997. Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125(4): 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" title="Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (4): 273 - 293." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x" year="1997">Lester 1997</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 287: P [P00344004]; isolectotypes: K [K000414051], MPU, P [P00344005, P00344006], UPS).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hadaq" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hadaq">Solanum hadaq</taxonomicName>
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Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 122. 1896. Type. Yemen. Schoukra, Bilad Fodhli, J. Areys, 30 k
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a’">a'</normalizedToken>
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l E.N.E. de Schughra, 150 m, 22 Mar 1890,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Deflers 377</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 159: P [P00051780]; isolectotypes: K [K000441183], P [P00051781, P00051782).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum scindicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scindicum">Solanum scindicum</taxonomicName>
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Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 542. 1896. Type. Pakistan. Sind: Scinde,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Cooke s.n.</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 159: CAL [CAL0000018701]; isolectotype: K [K000441223]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum albicaule subsp. var. var. parvifrons" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="albicaule" subSpecies="var." variety="parvifrons">Solanum albicaule Kotschy ex Dunal var. parvifrons</taxonomicName>
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Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 102. 1923. Type. South Sudan.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Nördliches">"Noerdliches</normalizedToken>
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Darfur, El Fascher",
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.D.C. Pfund 407</emphasis>
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(syntypes: B, destroyed, Z, not found; no additional duplicates found).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Based on (replacement name for)
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum villosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Forssk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Erect or scandent shrub, 0.5-1 m, prickly. Young stems slender, ascendent to erect, densely stellate-pubescent and prickly, the pubescence of porrect, sessile or occasionally stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.15 mm long, the rays 6-10, 0.15-0.3(-0.5) mm long, the midpoints same length as the rays or up to 1.5 mm, occasionally rounded, the prickles 3-10 mm long, 1-3 mm wide at the base, straight, occasionally curved, flattened, strongly reflexed, pale yellow to brown, spaced 1-10 mm apart; bark of older stems densely stellate-pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, brown to grey or orange-grey. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, entire to weakly lobed, the blades 1-4(-6) cm long, 0.5-3(-4) cm wide, 1-2 times longer than wide, ovate, membranous to chartaceous, drying concolorous to discolorous, yellow-green to grey-green or brown-green, glabrescent to moderately stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, with porrect, sessile, sometimes stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.2 mm long, the rays 6-10, 0.2-0.4(-1) mm long, the midpoints ca. same length as the rays, sometimes to 1.5 mm long, with 0(-3) prickles on both surfaces; the primary veins 2-3 pairs, the tertiary venation not visible to the naked eye; base cordate to rounded, the lobes 2(-3) on each side, 0.2-0.4 cm long, extending to 1/4 of the distance to the midvein, broadly deltate, apically rounded to obtuse; apex rounded to obtuse; petiole 0.2-1.6(-2.5) cm long, 1/4-2/3 of the leaf blade length, densely stellate-pubescent, with 0(-5) prickles. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Inflorescences apparently terminal or lateral, 2-6.5 cm long, unbranched or forked, with (1-)2-20 flowers, 1-10 flowers open at any one time, densely stellate-pubescent, with 0(-5) prickles; peduncle 0.1-0.4(-1.5) cm long; pedicels 0.2-1 cm long, erect, articulated at the base, densely stellate-pubescent, with 0(-6) prickles; pedicel scars spaced 0.5-1.5 mm apart. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx 2-4.5 mm long, the lobes 0.5-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, deltate, apically acuminate, moderately stellate-pubescent, with 0(-5) prickles. Corolla 1.3-2.4 cm in diameter, mauve to purple, stellate, lobed ca. 4/5 of its length, the lobes 6-11 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, deltate, reflexed or spreading, stellate-pubescent abaxially, the trichomes porrect, sessile or stalked, the stalks to 0.15 mm, the rays 4-10, 0.1-0.2 mm long, the midpoints shorter than the rays or to 0.5 mm long. Stamens equal; filament tube ca. 0.1 mm long; free portion of the filaments 0.7-1 mm long; anthers 4.5-7 mm long, connivent to spreading, tapering, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally. Ovary glabrous; style 0.9-1.2 cm long, slender, curved at the apex, glabrous. Fruit a globose berry, 1-10 per infructescence, 0.6-0.9 cm in diameter, the pericarp smooth, orange to red at maturity; fruiting pedicels 0.7-1.6 cm long, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter at the base, 2-2.5 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading to somewhat deflexed from the weight of the fruit, with 0(-10) prickles; fruiting calyx not accrescent, covering 1/4(-1/2) of the mature fruit, with 0(-5) prickles. Seeds ca. 5-15 per berry, 2.5-4 mm long, 1.8-3 mm wide, flattened-reniform, almost black, the testal cells somewhat sinuate in outline. Chromosome number: n = 12 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Khatoon, S" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B113" refString="Khatoon, S, Ali, SI, 1993. Chromosome atlas of the angiosperms of Pakistan. University of Karachi, Karachi." title="Chromosome atlas of the angiosperms of Pakistan. University of Karachi, Karachi." year="1993">Khatoon and Ali 1993</bibRefCitation>
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), 2n = 24 (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2002.106.108" author="Al Wadi, HM" journalOrPublisher="Online Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="106 - 108" refId="B1" refString="Al Wadi, HM, 2002. Cytomorphology of three Solanum species in the Aseer Region, South-West Saudi Arabia. Online Journal of Biological Sciences 2 (2): 106 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2002.106.108" title="Cytomorphology of three Solanum species in the Aseer Region, South-West Saudi Arabia." url="https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2002.106.108" volume="2" year="2002">Al Wadi 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689716" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forsskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forsskalii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forsskalii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dunal. Herbarium specimen collected in India in 1973 (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tiwari 941</emphasis>
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, CAL0000031126). Photograph credit: © The Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Distribution of S. forsskalii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689717" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found from northeastern Africa and Arabian Peninsula to Pakistan and western India (Rajasthan and Gujarat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a desert plant growing on stony ground and rocky slopes, often on granite, elevation not recorded on herbarium sheets we have seen from India (from sea level to 2,000 m elevation fide
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
India. Rajasthan: nar-kanta [Hindi] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, V" editor="Shetty, BV" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="562 - 579" refId="B227" refString="Singh, V, 1991. Solanaceae. In: Shetty, BV, Singh, V, Eds., Flora of Rajasthan Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta: 562 - 579" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Rajasthan Vol." year="1991">Singh 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. albicaule" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. albicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T101526207A101526210.en" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B126" refString="Knapp, S, 2021b. Solanum forskalii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T101526207A101526210. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T101526207A101526210.en" title="Solanum forskalii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e. T 101526207 A 101526210." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T101526207A101526210.en" year="2021 b">Knapp 2021b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been formally assessed as least concern (LC; https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/101526207/101526210).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from India might be accidental introductions, it is reported as fairly common in the Indian state of Rajasthan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, V" editor="Shetty, BV" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="562 - 579" refId="B227" refString="Singh, V, 1991. Solanaceae. In: Shetty, BV, Singh, V, Eds., Flora of Rajasthan Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta: 562 - 579" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Rajasthan Vol." year="1991">Singh 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is easily recognised by its white-coloured stems, resulting from the dense pubescence of overlapping stellate trichomes with long, delicate rays, and abundant, recurved prickles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its porrect trichomes with 6-10 rays over 0.15 mm long on the young stems (versus trichomes with 12-18 rays under 0.15 mm long on the young stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 1-20 flowers per inflorescence (versus 1-2 flowers per inflorescence in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and anthers 4.5-7 mm long (versus anthers 3-5 mm long in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The trichome rays of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much thinner and more delicate than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cordatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which appear stout and almost lepidote. There is considerable variability within
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="forskalii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Africa with respect to inflorescence length, prickle size and trichome midpoint length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689717" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. forsskalii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="forsskalii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. forsskalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |