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<mods:title id="9D8A0CCE42F1DD7FEA109D3476DFE369">Description and biology of two new egg parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared from eggs of Heliconiini butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) in Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1733F521376DBEBA875AFC7E2DC468FC">Woelke, Jozef B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A2FB965E804739EFB0C1340973796250">Fursov, Viktor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="483AD06BC51F2286BC8D38F49954BC51">Gumovsky, Alex V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="423878BFD2BD2FD528335B5D53433095">Rijk, Marjolein de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBD6CDC4C7C3245434A34DE2B6206DA7">Estrada, Catalina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08384339266E75D06F8E16286B11D064">Verbaarschot, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="886F27964B4DF69AA9B2665597DF2E41">Huigens, Martinus E.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFEACFEAAFC1AFEED" blockId="9.[343,973,281,341]" box="[343,973,281,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
<heading id="145F81C42F2EFFADFEACFEAAFC1EFEED" box="[343,969,281,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFEACFEAAFCB3FEED" authority="Fursov and Woelke" authorityName="Fursov and Woelke" authorityYear="2019" box="[343,868,281,306]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFEACFEAAFDA4FEED" bold="true" box="[343,627,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Trichogramma chagres</emphasis>
Fursov and Woelke
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,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2EFFADFC8BFEAAFC1EFEED" box="[880,969,281,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
.
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<subSubSection id="07B265232F2EFFADFDD7FE8FFD20FE8A" box="[556,759,316,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" type="description">
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFDD7FE8FFD20FE8A" blockId="9.[343,973,281,341]" box="[556,759,316,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
<heading id="145F81C42F2EFFADFDD7FE8FFD20FE8A" box="[556,759,316,341]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" reason="5">
(
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFDCFFE8FFD76FE8A" box="[564,673,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figures 2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFD1AFE8FFD27FE8A" box="[737,752,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1604,1627]" captionTargetBox="[220,1094,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[219,1096,142,1573]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Biology of Trichogramma chagres sp. nov. strain L21:(ac) female adult(s) parasitizing egg(s) of Mamestra brassicae; (d) freshly laid wasp egg; (e) newly hatched larva; (fh) mature larva: (f,g) two mature larvae and chorion of consumed host egg in direct (f) and reflected (g) light,(h) habitus of mature larva with pulsing mid gut full of host egg yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">3</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07B265232F2EFFADFF5BFE29FB9FFBB6" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFF5BFE29FEC3FE6B" blockId="9.[160,1157,410,1129]" box="[160,276,410,436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFF5BFE29FEC3FE6B" bold="true" box="[160,276,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFF5BFE0CFB9FFBB6" blockId="9.[160,1157,410,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFF5BFE0CFE4EFE08" authority="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros, 2019" authorityName="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros" authorityYear="2019" box="[160,409,447,471]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFF5BFE0CFE4EFE08" box="[160,409,447,471]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Trichogramma chagres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2EFFADFE58FE0CFE2BFE08" box="[419,508,447,471]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterized by a wide GC (about 2.212.30 times as long as wide,
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFEB9FE52FE76FE26" box="[322,417,481,505]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b,c)), very wide DLA (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFD67FE52FD2DFE26" box="[668,762,481,505]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(c)), very long, narrow and apically sharp IVP (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFEEFFDB7FEB8FDC3" box="[276,367,516,540]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b)), long and sharp setae of antennae (about 1.922.11 times as long as width of clava,
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFEBCFD94FE75FDE0" box="[327,418,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(c)). The new species is morphologically close to
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFC42FD94FE92FDBE" authority="Nagaraja and Nagarkatti" authorityName="Nagaraja and Nagarkatti" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benetti">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFC42FD94FBCBFDE0" box="[953,1052,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. benetti</emphasis>
Nagaraja and Nagarkatti
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFEB4FDFAFD05FDBE" authority="Pinto and Oatman" authorityName="Pinto and Oatman" box="[335,722,585,609]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanoforum">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFEB4FDFAFDD7FDBE" box="[335,512,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. drepanoforum</emphasis>
Pinto and Oatman
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFCF2FDFAFB56FDBE" authority="Oatman and Platner" authorityName="Oatman and Platner" box="[777,1153,585,609]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopovirilia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFCF2FDFAFC4EFDBE" box="[777,921,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. atopovirilia</emphasis>
Oatman and Platner
</taxonomicName>
, but it is distinguishable from them all in the possession of the distinctly long and narrow IVP (about 1.211.57 times as long as wide,
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFD71FD3CFD32FD78" box="[650,741,655,679]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(c)), which is much shorter and wider in the other species (
<bibRefCitation id="2B394B592F2EFFADFE68FD02FD31FD16" author="Nagaraja H &amp; Nagarkatti S" box="[403,742,689,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" pagination="288 - 297" refId="ref9360" refString="Nagaraja H, Nagarkatti S. 1973. A key to some new world species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), with descriptions of four new species. Proc Entomol Soc Wash. 75: 288 - 297." type="journal article" year="1973">Nagaraja and Nagarkatti 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2B394B592F2EFFADFD0DFD02FBCDFD16" author="Oatman ER &amp; Platner GR" box="[758,1050,689,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" pagination="710 - 713" refId="ref9512" refString="Oatman ER, Platner GR. 1983. A new species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), with notes on the other species collected in Guatemala. Proc Entomol Soc Wash. 85: 710 - 713." type="journal article" year="1983">Oatman and Platner 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2B394B592F2EFFADFBD1FD02FE81FD33" author="Querino RB &amp; Zucchi RA" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" pagination="37 - 60" refId="ref10050" refString="Querino RB, Zucchi RA. 2005. An illustrated key to the species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) of Brazil. Zootaxa. 1073: 37 - 60. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1073.1." type="journal article" year="2005">Querino and Zucchi 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Apart from the shape of IVP,
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFD5DFD67FCC6FD33" authority="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros, 2019" authorityName="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros" authorityYear="2019" box="[678,785,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFD5DFD67FCC6FD33" box="[678,785,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. chagres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2EFFADFCECFD67FCBAFD33" box="[791,877,724,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFC03FD67FBBFFD33" authorityName="Nagaraja &amp; Nagarkatti" authorityYear="1973" box="[1016,1128,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFC03FD67FBBFFD33" box="[1016,1128,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a very narrow base of GC (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFDDFFD44FD55FCD0" box="[548,642,759,783]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b,c)) (it is widened basally in
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFC29FD44FB93FCD0" authorityName="Nagaraja &amp; Nagarkatti" authorityYear="1973" box="[978,1092,759,783]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFC29FD44FB93FCD0" box="[978,1092,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species is distinguishable from both
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFD80FCAAFCE7FCEE" box="[635,816,793,817]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanoforum">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFD80FCAAFCE7FCEE" box="[635,816,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. drepanoforum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFC95FCAAFC35FCEE" authorityName="Nagaraja &amp; Nagarkatti" authorityYear="1973" box="[878,994,793,817]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFC95FCAAFC35FCEE" box="[878,994,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the wide DLA shaped like a spade with a subtriangular tip (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFCD6FC8FFC5BFC8B" box="[813,908,828,852]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(c)) (the tip of DLA is evenly acute in both
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFE6DFCECFD9CFCA8" box="[406,587,863,887]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanoforum">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFE6DFCECFD9CFCA8" box="[406,587,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. drepanoforum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFD72FCECFD2BFCA8" authorityName="Nagaraja &amp; Nagarkatti" authorityYear="1973" box="[649,764,863,887]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFD72FCECFD2BFCA8" box="[649,764,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Also, the tip of DLA is extended beyond the tips of vorsellar digiti in
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFDC8FC32FD77FC46" authority="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros, 2019" authorityName="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros" authorityYear="2019" box="[563,672,897,921]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFDC8FC32FD77FC46" box="[563,672,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. chagres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2EFFADFD5DFC32FD2BFC46" box="[678,764,897,921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFCF1FC32FCB1FC46" box="[778,870,897,921]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b,c)), unlike in
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFBF6FC32FE40FC63" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFBF6FC32FB57FC46" authorityName="Nagaraja &amp; Nagarkatti" authorityYear="1973" box="[1037,1152,897,921]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">T. bennetti</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFF5BFC17FE40FC63" authority="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros, 2019" authorityName="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros" authorityYear="2019" box="[160,407,932,956]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">Trichogramma chagres</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2EFFADFE64FC17FE21FC63" box="[415,502,932,956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFDFFFC17FDB6FC63" box="[516,609,932,956]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b,c)) is also distinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFC2FFC17FBB1FC63" box="[980,1126,932,956]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopovirilia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFC2FFC17FBB1FC63" box="[980,1126,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. atopovirilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a short vorsellar digiti, whereas they are sharp and much longer in the latter species. IVP of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFEB7FC5AFE37FBDE" box="[332,480,1001,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopovirilia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFEB7FC5AFE37FBDE" box="[332,480,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. atopovirilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very short, broadly triangular, with 3 tiny ribs on its tip, whereas IVP is long, narrow and with sharp arrow-like tip in
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFC93FBBFFC0FFBFB" authority="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros, 2019" authorityName="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros" authorityYear="2019" box="[872,984,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFC93FBBFFC0FFBFB" box="[872,984,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. chagres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2EFFADFC18FBBFFBEAFBFB" box="[995,1085,1036,1060]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
GC is suboval and much broader, with ratio GL/GW about
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2EFFADFD00FB9CFC9FFB98" box="[763,840,1071,1095]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" unit="in" value="1.7">1.70 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFCAAFB9CFC32FB98" box="[849,997,1071,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopovirilia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFCAAFB9CFC32FB98" box="[849,997,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. atopovirilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas it is more slender and narrow, with GL/GW = 2.212.30 (avg. 2.24) in
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2EFFADFC80FBE2FC3FFBB6" authority="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros, 2019" authorityName="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros" authorityYear="2019" box="[891,1000,1105,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFC80FBE2FC3FFBB6" box="[891,1000,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">T. chagres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2EFFADFC0AFBE2FB9FFBB6" box="[1009,1096,1105,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07B265232F2EFFAEFF5BFB2EFE43FDB6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="648" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" type="description">
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFF5BFB2EFEF1FB68" blockId="9.[160,1157,1181,1727]" box="[160,294,1181,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2EFFADFF5BFB2EFEF1FB68" bold="true" box="[160,294,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFF5BFB71FD26FB05" blockId="9.[160,1157,1181,1727]" box="[160,753,1218,1242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
Based on
<typeStatus id="9013880A2F2EFFADFEEAFB71FEA2FB05" box="[273,373,1218,1242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2EFFADFE49FB71FDBBFB05" box="[434,620,1218,1242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">3 paratype male</specimenCount>
specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFF3BFB56FDEBFA9D" blockId="9.[160,1157,1181,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Colour of head and antennae yellow; meso- and metasoma dark brown, except bright yellow axillae, propodeum and base of gaster. All legs yellow, except hind femora and tibiae which are dirty yellow-brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFF3BFAFEFD3BFA75" blockId="9.[160,1157,1181,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFED4FAFEFE5AFABA" box="[303,397,1357,1381]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(d)) with flagellum 5.266.51 (avg. 5.67) times as long as maximum width, 1.922.11 (avg. 1.95) times as long as length of scape; SL/FW = 2.853.43 (avg. 3.10). Number of flagellar setae 3538 (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFD99FA21FD16FA75" box="[610,705,1426,1450]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(d)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFADFF3BFA06FB85F9EA" blockId="9.[160,1157,1181,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
GL (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFF14FA06FE9AFA12" box="[239,333,1461,1485]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b,c)) 112.25137.18 μm (avg. 122.73), GW 50.8762.11 (avg. 55.50), DA-L 82.15105.89 (avg. 90.03). DLA-L 23.6238.29 (avg. 30.85), DLA-W 29.3933.14 (avg. 31.66); IVP-L 6.9713.22 (avg. 8.76), IVP-W 4.629.90 (avg. 6.18); AD 25.5138.86 (avg. 31.83); PL 25.8138.29 (avg. 30.80); AL-B 42.1344.94 (avg. 44.69); AL 85.63116.85 (avg. 97.39).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2EFFAEFF3BF98CFE2BFE01" blockId="9.[160,1157,1181,1727]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1156,142,617]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="648" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">
GC wide, with wide DLA, GL/GW = 2.212.30 (avg. 2.24), but very narrow at the base (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2EFFADFF53F9D1FEDFF9A5" box="[168,264,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="647">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b,c)), widest medially or subapically (at distance of 0.53 of GL), then sharply narrowed to the top, with elongated dorsal aperture. DA-L/GL = 0.700.78 (avg. 0.74). DLA very wide, spade-shaped, without basal lobes, but with small sharp lateral-apical notches, with nearly parallel lateral sides and with rounded and slightly sharpened apical part (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2DFFAEFBC5FF3DFF79FF16" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(c)), extended over apical parts of parameres (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2DFFAEFD63FF02FD25FF16" box="[664,754,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b,c)). DLA-L/DLA-W = 0.811.18 (avg. 0.98). GW/DLA-W = 1.601.92 (avg. 1.77). DLA-L/GL = 0.470.50 (avg. 0.49). Apex of DLA not extending beyond apical part of parameres, but extending beyond apices of vorsellar digiti (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2DFFAEFF5CFEAAFED5FEEE" box="[167,258,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b)). IVP sclerotized, large, with wide base and with sharp teeth-like apex (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2DFFAEFBD2FEAAFB54FEEE" box="[1065,1155,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b)). IVP-L/IVP-W = 1.211.57 (avg. 1.42). AD/IVP-L = 2.585.19 (avg. 3.76). AD/GL = 0.230.31 (avg. 0.27). Apical part of GC narrowed gradually, without curvature. Parameres extending to the apex of vorsellar digiti at a distance 1.562.75 (avg. 2.07) as long as IVP (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2DFFAEFC2CFE32FBE6FE46" box="[983,1073,385,409]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b)). PL/ DLA-L = 0.771.28 (avg. 1.04). DA-L/GL = 0.710.78 (avg. 0.75). AL/GL = 0.470.50 (avg. 0.49). AL-B/AL = 0.730.86 (avg. 0.82).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAEFF3BFE5AFE43FDB6" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
Wings. Fore and hind wings transparent. MV with three large and four small setae (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2DFFAEFF53FDBFFED2FDFB" box="[168,261,524,548]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,426,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,406,1534]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Trichogramma chagres sp. nov., holotype male: (a) structures of male genitalia with abbreviations of measurements (explanation in text); (b) genitalia, ventral view; (c) genitalia, dorsal view; (d) antenna; (e) veins of fore wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675483/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(e)). Hind wing with 12 setae in anterior, 1621 setae in middle and 58 setae in posterior setal track; fringe with 1720 short anterior and 2425 long posterior setae; FL/HWW = 1.521.68.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07B265232F2DFFAFFF5BFD26FE79FE01" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="649" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAEFF5BFD26FE57FD70" blockId="10.[160,1156,661,860]" box="[160,384,661,687]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFF5BFD26FE57FD70" bold="true" box="[160,384,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAEFF5BFD04FBB6FC83" blockId="10.[160,1156,661,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFF5BFD04FBB6FC83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344975" collectingDate="2008-03-11" collectorName="J. B. Woelke &amp; M. de Rijk" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" location="Heliconiini" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-egg="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFF5BFD04FE8AFD0E" bold="true" box="[160,349,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<typeStatus id="9013880A2F2DFFAEFF5BFD04FEDCFD0E" box="[160,267,695,721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFEE0FD04FE80FD0E" box="[283,343,695,721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">male</specimenCount>
.
</emphasis>
(SIZK),
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2DFFAEFE44FD0AFDF0FD0E" box="[447,551,697,721]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="AF73ACD22F2DFFAEFDCCFD0AFD0FFD0E" box="[567,728,697,721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Pipeline Road</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFD12FD0AFCBEFD0E" box="[745,873,697,721]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="9.142166">
9°08
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFCE2FD0AFCC8FD0E" bold="true" box="[793,799,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
31.8
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFCB7FD0AFC81FD0E" bold="true" box="[844,854,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFC80FD0AFBD9FD0E" box="[891,1038,697,721]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="30.6" value="-79.72517">
79°43
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFC42FD0AFC68FD0E" bold="true" box="[953,959,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
30.6
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFC17FD0AFC22FD0E" bold="true" box="[1004,1013,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, collected
<date id="3B1610682F2DFFAEFF5BFD6FFE92FD2B" box="[160,325,732,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" value="2008-03-11">
<collectingDate id="2B52E9802F2DFFAEFF5BFD6FFE92FD2B" box="[160,325,732,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" value="2008-03-11">11 March 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
from
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFE71FD6FFE62FD2B" box="[394,437,732,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="egg">egg</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFE21FD6FFD99FD2B" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[474,590,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">
<location id="4A7760732F2DFFAEFE21FD6FFD99FD2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70187BE2F2EFFAFFEACFEAAFBE8F960:4A7760732F2DFFAEFE21FD6FFD99FD2B" box="[474,590,732,756]" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" name="Heliconiini" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Heliconiini</location>
</taxonomicName>
butterfly (
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFD3AFD6FFC9DFD2B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[705,842,732,756]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
<location id="4A7760732F2DFFAEFD3AFD6FFC9DFD2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70187BE2F2EFFAFFEACFEAAFBE8F960:4A7760732F2DFFAEFD3AFD6FFC9DFD2B" box="[705,842,732,756]" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" name="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Lepidoptera</location>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFCAEFD6FFC3DFD2B" box="[853,1002,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<location id="4A7760732F2DFFAEFCAEFD6FFC3DFD2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70187BE2F2EFFAFFEACFEAAFBE8F960:4A7760732F2DFFAEFCAEFD6FFC3DFD2B" box="[853,1002,732,756]" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" name="Nymphalidae" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Nymphalidae</location>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFC0EFD6FFBA9FD2B" box="[1013,1150,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliconiinae">
<location id="4A7760732F2DFFAEFC0EFD6FFBA9FD2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70187BE2F2EFFAFFEACFEAAFBE8F960:4A7760732F2DFFAEFC0EFD6FFBA9FD2B" box="[1013,1150,732,756]" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" name="Heliconiinae" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Heliconiinae</location>
</taxonomicName>
) found on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFEE2FD4DFDB3FCC9" authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1938" box="[281,612,766,790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="foetida" variety="isthmia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFEE2FD4DFDB3FCC9" box="[281,612,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<location id="4A7760732F2DFFAEFEE2FD4DFEA9FCC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70187BE2F2EFFAFFEACFEAAFBE8F960:4A7760732F2DFFAEFEE2FD4DFEA9FCC9" box="[281,382,766,790]" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" name="Passiflora" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Passiflora</location>
foetida var. isthmia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFD8CFD4DFCD2FCC9" box="[631,773,766,790]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">
<location id="4A7760732F2DFFAEFD8CFD4DFCD2FCC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70187BE2F2EFFAFFEACFEAAFBE8F960:4A7760732F2DFFAEFD8CFD4DFCD2FCC9" box="[631,773,766,790]" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" name="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Malpighiales</location>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFCEEFD4DFC67FCC9" box="[789,944,766,790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
<location id="4A7760732F2DFFAEFCEEFD4DFC67FCC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70187BE2F2EFFAFFEACFEAAFBE8F960:4A7760732F2DFFAEFCEEFD4DFC67FCC9" box="[789,944,766,790]" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" name="Passifloraceae" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Passifloraceae</location>
</taxonomicName>
) (coll.
<collectorName id="E25D537E2F2DFFAEFBF9FD4DFB54FCC9" box="[1026,1155,766,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">J.B. Woelke</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="E25D537E2F2DFFAEFF2FFC92FE9EFCE6" box="[212,329,801,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">M. de Rijk</collectorName>
),
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFEA1FC92FE13FCE6" box="[346,452,801,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
on glass slide under 2 small cover slips (genitalia under right side cover slip), circled with black ink, on slide no. 2019 (strain L21) (in
<location id="4A7760732F2DFFAEFC50FCF7FC29FC83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C70187BE2F2EFFAFFEACFEAAFBE8F960:4A7760732F2DFFAEFC50FCF7FC29FC83" box="[939,1022,836,860]" country="Panama" latitude="9.142166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.72517" municipality="Pipeline Road" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Canada</location>
balsam).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAEFF5BFC3BFCA8FC38" blockId="10.[160,1156,904,999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFF5BFC3BFBD7FC7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344976" box="[160,1024,904,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFF5BFC3BFECBFC7D" bold="true" box="[160,284,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<typeStatus id="9013880A2F2DFFAEFF5BFC3BFEC0FC7D" box="[160,279,904,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
same data (all from strain L21),
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFD77FC3AFD3BFC7E" box="[652,748,905,929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
on slide no. 2019 (SIZK);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFBFDFC3AFDCFFC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344992" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFBFDFC3AFB85FC7E" box="[1030,1106,905,929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFF5BFC1FFED6FC1B" box="[160,257,940,964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
on slide no. 2020 (SIZK);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFDE5FC1FFBE6FC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344985" box="[542,1073,940,964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFDE5FC1FFDBDFC1B" box="[542,618,940,964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFD58FC1FFCD3FC1B" box="[675,772,940,964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
on slide no. 2021 (RMNH);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFBCCFC1FFCA8FC38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344991" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFBCCFC1FFB54FC1B" box="[1079,1155,940,964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFF28FC7CFEE1FC38" box="[211,310,975,999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
on slide no. 2022 (NHMUK) (all in
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2DFFAEFD3FFC7CFCCFFC38" box="[708,792,975,999]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAEFF5BFBA1FC3CFB4B" blockId="10.[160,1155,1042,1346]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFF5BFBA1FE93FBAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344987" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFF5BFBA1FE58FBF3" bold="true" box="[160,399,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Additional material.</emphasis>
(SIZK) same label (strain L23, this parasitized
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFC5FFBA7FBCDFBF3" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[932,1050,1044,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</taxonomicName>
egg was collected on the same plant, date and location as strain L21),
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFCA4FB84FC61FB90" box="[863,950,1079,1103]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFC0AFB84FB8AFB90" box="[1009,1117,1079,1103]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
on slide no. 1875;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFEB0FBE9FC3CFB4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344983" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFEB0FBE9FE75FBAD" box="[331,418,1114,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFE25FBE9FD9EFBAD" box="[478,585,1114,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
on slide no. 1876;
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFCD8FBE9FCADFBAD" box="[803,890,1114,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFC4EFBE9FBF6FBAD" box="[949,1057,1114,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
on slide no. 1877;
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFEEAFBCFFEBFFB4B" box="[273,360,1148,1172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFE5EFBCFFDC6FB4B" box="[421,529,1148,1172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
on slide no. 1878 (all in
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2DFFAEFCCBFBCFFC53FB4B" box="[816,900,1148,1172]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAEFF3BFB2CFBA9FA9D" blockId="10.[160,1155,1042,1346]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFF3BFB2CFDDBFAC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344989" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2DFFAEFF3BFB2CFEF0FB68" box="[192,295,1183,1207]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
, Gamboa,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFE52FB2CFDFEFB68" box="[425,553,1183,1207]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="05.8" value="9.118278">
9°07
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFE22FB2CFE08FB68" bold="true" box="[473,479,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
05.8
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFDF7FB2CFDC1FB68" bold="true" box="[524,534,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFDC0FB2CFD19FB68" box="[571,718,1183,1207]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="41.1" value="-79.69475">
79°41
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD82FB2CFDA8FB68" bold="true" box="[633,639,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
41.1
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD57FB2CFD61FB68" bold="true" box="[684,694,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, collected
<date id="3B1610682F2DFFAEFCAAFB2CFC33FB68" box="[849,996,1183,1207]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" value="2008-04-03">3 April 2008</date>
from egg of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFF5BFB71FEC3FB05" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[160,276,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</taxonomicName>
butterfly (
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFE65FB71FDF0FB05" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[414,551,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFDC6FB71FD05FB05" box="[573,722,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFD13FB71FCA6FB05" box="[744,881,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliconiinae">Heliconiinae</taxonomicName>
) found on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFBF4FB71FB54FB05" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1817" box="[1039,1155,1218,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitifolia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFBF4FB71FB54FB05" box="[1039,1155,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">P. vitifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFF5DFB57FEE3FB23" box="[166,308,1252,1276]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Malpighiales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFEBBFB57FE0CFB23" box="[320,475,1252,1276]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk), strain L31 (SIZK),
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFBD7FB57FB54FB23" box="[1068,1155,1252,1276]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFF29FAB4FEEAFAC0" box="[210,317,1287,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
on slide no. 1871;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFDE8FAB4FBA9FA9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569345003" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFDE8FAB4FDBEFAC0" box="[531,617,1287,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFD5FFAB4FCD8FAC0" box="[676,783,1287,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
on slide no. 1872;
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFC1EFAB4FBEDFAC0" box="[997,1082,1287,1311]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFB8EFAB4FF22FA9D" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
on slide no. 1873;
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFE3EFA99FDCEFA9D" box="[453,537,1322,1346]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFDA9FA99FD6CFA9D" box="[594,699,1322,1346]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
on slide no. 1874 (all in Canada balsam).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAEFF5BFADEFD13FA30" blockId="10.[160,1156,1389,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFF5BFADEFEEAFA58" bold="true" box="[160,317,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Field records.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2DFFAEFEB5FADCFE7CFA58" box="[334,427,1391,1415]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Pipeline Road,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFDA7FADCFD08FA58" box="[604,735,1391,1415]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="9.142166">
9°08
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD75FADCFD43FA58" bold="true" box="[654,660,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
31.8
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD39FADCFD1BFA58" bold="true" box="[706,716,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFD10FADCFC56FA58" box="[747,897,1391,1415]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="30.6" value="-79.72517">
79°43
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFCD1FADCFCE7FA58" bold="true" box="[810,816,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
30.6
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFCA5FADCFCBFFA58" bold="true" box="[862,872,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, #112,
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFC34FADCFBECFA58" box="[975,1083,1391,1415]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFB8EFADCFF36FA75" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
collected
<date id="3B1610682F2DFFAEFEA6FA21FDFEFA75" box="[349,553,1426,1450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" value="2008-02-26">26 February 2008</date>
from egg of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFD37FA21FC34FA75" authority="vanillae" box="[716,995,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Agraulis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="vanillae" subSpecies="vanillae">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD37FA21FC34FA75" box="[716,995,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Agraulis vanillae vanillae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFC0FFA21FB57FA75" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1012,1152,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFF5BFA06FEEFFA12" box="[160,312,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFEB6FA06FE0EFA12" box="[333,473,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliconiinae">Heliconiinae</taxonomicName>
) found on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFD8EFA06FC00FA12" authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1938" box="[629,983,1460,1485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="foetida" variety="isthmia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD8EFA06FC00FA12" box="[629,983,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Passiflora foetida var. isthmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFC14FA06FB57FA12" box="[1007,1152,1461,1485]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Malpighiales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFF5BFA64FEE9FA30" box="[160,318,1495,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAEFF3BFA49FCB1F9A5" blockId="10.[160,1156,1389,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAEFF3BFA49FCB1F9A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344977" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2DFFAEFF3BFA49FECAF9CD" box="[192,285,1530,1554]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Pipeline Road,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFE19FA49FDB3F9CD" box="[482,612,1530,1554]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="9.142166">
9°08
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFDE8FA49FDCEF9CD" bold="true" box="[531,537,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
31.8
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFDB3FA49FD85F9CD" bold="true" box="[584,594,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFD8DFA49FCDAF9CD" box="[630,781,1530,1554]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="30.6" value="-79.72517">
79°43
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD4DFA49FD6BF9CD" bold="true" box="[694,700,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
30.6
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD11FA49FD23F9CD" bold="true" box="[746,756,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, #295 (origin of strain L21)
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFB93FA49FF21F9EA" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFEB8F9AEFE75F9EA" box="[323,418,1565,1589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
collected
<date id="3B1610682F2DFFAEFDD2F9AEFD34F9EA" box="[553,739,1565,1589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" value="2008-03-11">11 March 2008</date>
from egg of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFC67F9AEFBC5F9EA" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[924,1042,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</taxonomicName>
butterfly (
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFF5DF98CFEE5F988" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[166,306,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFEB3F98CFE37F988" box="[328,480,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFE0EF98CFD56F988" box="[501,641,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliconiinae">Heliconiinae</taxonomicName>
) found on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFCDBF98CFB54F988" authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1938" box="[800,1155,1599,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="foetida" variety="isthmia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFCDBF98CFB54F988" box="[800,1155,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Passiflora foetida var. isthmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFF5DF9D1FEE0F9A5" box="[166,311,1634,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Malpighiales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFEB8F9D1FE36F9A5" box="[323,481,1634,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2DFFAFFF3BF936FE1CFF16" blockId="10.[160,1156,1389,1727]" lastBlockId="11.[160,1156,142,478]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="649" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2DFFAFFF3BF936FE1CFF16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344986" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="649" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2DFFAEFF3BF936FECAF942" box="[192,285,1669,1693]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Pipeline Road,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFE1DF936FDBEF942" box="[486,617,1668,1693]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="9.142166">
9°08
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFDE3F937FDC9F943" bold="true" box="[536,542,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
31.8
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFDB7F937FD81F943" bold="true" box="[588,598,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2DFFAEFD86F936FCC4F942" box="[637,787,1668,1693]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" precision="1" seconds="30.6" value="-79.72517">
79°43
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD47F937FD15F943" bold="true" box="[700,706,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʹ</emphasis>
30.6
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2DFFAEFD0BF937FD2DF943" bold="true" box="[752,762,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="648">ʺ</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, #300,
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFC8AF936FC32F942" box="[881,997,1669,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2DFFAEFBD4F936FB53F942" box="[1071,1156,1669,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
collected
<date id="3B1610682F2DFFAEFEEBF914FE6AF960" box="[272,445,1703,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" value="2008-03-11">11 March 2008</date>
from egg of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFDA5F914FD03F960" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[606,724,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</taxonomicName>
butterfly (
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFCB4F914FC0CF960" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[847,987,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2DFFAEFC12F914FB56F960" box="[1001,1153,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="648" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFF5BFF3DFEFBFF79" box="[160,300,142,166]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliconiinae">Heliconiinae</taxonomicName>
) found on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFE5CFF3DFD31FF79" authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1938" box="[423,742,142,166]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="foetida" variety="isthmia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFE5CFF3DFD31FF79" box="[423,742,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Passiflora foetida var. isthmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFD08FF3DFC53FF79" box="[755,900,142,166]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Malpighiales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFC75FF3DFBFAFF79" box="[910,1069,142,166]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
) (coll. J. B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF3BFF67FCB1FE8B" blockId="11.[160,1156,142,478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2CFFAFFF3BFF67FCB1FE8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344990" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2CFFAFFF3BFF67FECAFF33" box="[192,285,212,236]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Pipeline Road,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2CFFAFFE19FF67FDB3FF33" box="[482,612,211,236]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="9.142166">
9°08
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFDE8FF60FDCEFF34" bold="true" box="[531,537,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">ʹ</emphasis>
31.8
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFDB3FF60FD85FF34" bold="true" box="[584,594,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2CFFAFFD8DFF67FCDAFF33" box="[630,781,211,236]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" precision="1" seconds="30.6" value="-79.72517">
79°43
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFD4DFF60FD6BFF34" bold="true" box="[694,700,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">ʹ</emphasis>
30.6
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFD11FF60FD23FF34" bold="true" box="[746,756,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">ʺ</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, #301 (origin of strain L23)
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2CFFAFFB93FF67FF21FED1" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="59AEFD212F2CFFAFFEB9FF45FE75FED1" box="[322,418,246,270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
collected
<date id="3B1610682F2CFFAFFDD2FF45FD34FED1" box="[553,739,246,270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" value="2008-03-11">11 March 2008</date>
from egg of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFC67FF45FBC5FED1" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[924,1042,246,270]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</taxonomicName>
butterfly (
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFF5DFEAAFEE5FEEE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[166,306,281,305]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFEB3FEAAFE37FEEE" box="[328,480,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFE0EFEAAFD56FEEE" box="[501,641,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliconiinae">Heliconiinae</taxonomicName>
) found on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFCDBFEAAFB54FEEE" authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1938" box="[800,1155,281,305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="foetida" variety="isthmia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFCDBFEAAFB54FEEE" box="[800,1155,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Passiflora foetida var. isthmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFF5DFE8FFEE0FE8B" box="[166,311,316,340]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Malpighiales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFEB8FE8FFE36FE8B" box="[323,481,315,340]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF3BFEEDFE79FE01" blockId="11.[160,1156,142,478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<materialsCitation id="FFC03CF52F2CFFAFFF3BFEEDFE79FE01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569344995" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2CFFAFFF3BFEEDFECAFEA9" box="[192,285,350,374]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Gamboa,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2CFFAFFE62FEEDFDCBFEA9" box="[409,540,350,374]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" precision="1" seconds="05.8" value="9.118278">
9°07
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFE31FEEDFE07FEA9" bold="true" box="[458,464,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">ʹ</emphasis>
05.8
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFE04FEEDFDDEFEA9" bold="true" box="[511,521,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A9C506F2F2CFFAFFDD1FEEDFD17FEA9" box="[554,704,350,374]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" precision="1" seconds="41.1" value="-79.69475">
79°41
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFD92FEEDFDB8FEA9" bold="true" box="[617,623,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">ʹ</emphasis>
41.1
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFD65FEEDFD7FFEA9" bold="true" box="[670,680,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">ʺ</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, #1039 (origin of strain L31), unknown number of wasps collected
<date id="3B1610682F2CFFAFFE24FE32FDBDFE46" box="[479,618,385,409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" value="2008-04-03">3 April 2008</date>
from egg of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFCFEFE32FCACFE46" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[773,891,385,409]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</taxonomicName>
butterfly (
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFC0FFE32FB57FE46" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1012,1152,385,409]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFF5BFE17FEEFFE63" box="[160,312,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFEBEFE17FE06FE63" box="[325,465,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliconiinae">Heliconiinae</taxonomicName>
) found on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFDADFE17FD13FE63" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1817" box="[598,708,420,444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitifolia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFDADFE17FD13FE63" box="[598,708,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">P. vitifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFD2EFE17FCB1FE63" box="[725,870,420,444]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Malpighiales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFC88FE17FBC6FE63" box="[883,1041,419,444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
) (coll. J.B. Woelke and M. de Rijk).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07B265232F2CFFAFFF5BFDA2FEF0FB1B" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BFDA2FF01FDF4" blockId="11.[160,1156,529,624]" box="[160,214,529,555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFF5BFDA2FF01FDF4" bold="true" box="[160,214,529,555]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Host</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BFD86FB53FDAF" blockId="11.[160,1156,529,624]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
Wasps were reared from eggs of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFDFFFD86FCDDFD92" authority="vanillae" box="[516,778,565,589]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Agraulis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="vanillae" subSpecies="vanillae">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFDFFFD86FCDDFD92" box="[516,778,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Agraulis vanillae vanillae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFCECFD86FCBCFD92" box="[791,875,565,589]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[226,1088,122,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[225,1090,121,1625]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Heliconiini egg on a new shoot of Passiflora foetida var. isthmia; (b) Heliconiini egg on tendril of P. vitifolia; (c) field site, pipeline road in Soberania National Park; (d) Passiflora foetida var. isthmia on which both new Trichogramma species were reared from Heliconiini eggs; (e) Passiflora vitifolia on which T. chagres sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (f) Passiflora biflora on which T. soberania sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (g,h) Agraulis vanillae vanillae, a host of both new Trichogramma species; (i,j) Heliconius hecale melicerta, on which a T. soberania sp. nov. wasp was found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(g,h)) and
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFC26FD86FB86FD92" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[989,1105,565,589]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</taxonomicName>
spp. found on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFEF2FDEBFE6BFDAF" box="[265,444,600,624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foetida">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFEF2FDEBFE6BFDAF" box="[265,444,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Passiflora foetida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFE23FDEBFD5AFDAF" authority="Killip" authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1938" box="[472,653,600,624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="foetida" variety="isthmia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFE23FDEBFD84FDAF" box="[472,595,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">var. isthmia</emphasis>
Killip
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFD62FDEBFD3BFDAF" box="[665,748,600,624]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[226,1088,122,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[225,1090,121,1625]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Heliconiini egg on a new shoot of Passiflora foetida var. isthmia; (b) Heliconiini egg on tendril of P. vitifolia; (c) field site, pipeline road in Soberania National Park; (d) Passiflora foetida var. isthmia on which both new Trichogramma species were reared from Heliconiini eggs; (e) Passiflora vitifolia on which T. chagres sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (f) Passiflora biflora on which T. soberania sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (g,h) Agraulis vanillae vanillae, a host of both new Trichogramma species; (i,j) Heliconius hecale melicerta, on which a T. soberania sp. nov. wasp was found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(d)) and
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFCB1FDEBFC21FDAF" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1817" box="[842,1014,600,624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitifolia">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFCB1FDEBFC78FDAF" box="[842,943,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">P. vitifolia</emphasis>
Kunth
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFBF8FDEBFB81FDAF" box="[1027,1110,600,624]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[226,1088,122,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[225,1090,121,1625]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Heliconiini egg on a new shoot of Passiflora foetida var. isthmia; (b) Heliconiini egg on tendril of P. vitifolia; (c) field site, pipeline road in Soberania National Park; (d) Passiflora foetida var. isthmia on which both new Trichogramma species were reared from Heliconiini eggs; (e) Passiflora vitifolia on which T. chagres sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (f) Passiflora biflora on which T. soberania sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (g,h) Agraulis vanillae vanillae, a host of both new Trichogramma species; (i,j) Heliconius hecale melicerta, on which a T. soberania sp. nov. wasp was found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(e)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BFD10FF2FFD62" blockId="11.[160,1156,675,1220]" box="[160,248,675,701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFF5BFD10FF2FFD62" bold="true" box="[160,248,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Biology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BFD74FEF0FB1B" blockId="11.[160,1156,675,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
Idiobiont endoparasitoid. All specimens of this species were reared from collected eggs of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFF5BFD59FEC6FCDD" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1822" box="[160,273,746,770]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</taxonomicName>
butterflies, which were deposited on
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFD5EFD59FCDFFCDD" box="[677,776,746,770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFD5EFD59FCDFFCDD" box="[677,776,746,770]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Passiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plants. The collected wasps had an average of 8.25 ± 2.06 SD females and 1.75 ± 0.50 SD males per egg, and a sex-ratio of 21.21%. More specific information about strain L21 (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFD22FC9CFCEBFC98" box="[729,828,815,839]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1604,1627]" captionTargetBox="[220,1094,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[219,1096,142,1573]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Biology of Trichogramma chagres sp. nov. strain L21:(ac) female adult(s) parasitizing egg(s) of Mamestra brassicae; (d) freshly laid wasp egg; (e) newly hatched larva; (fh) mature larva: (f,g) two mature larvae and chorion of consumed host egg in direct (f) and reflected (g) light,(h) habitus of mature larva with pulsing mid gut full of host egg yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 3</figureCitation>
), L23 and L31 (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFBFFFC9CFBAFFC98" box="[1028,1144,815,839]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[226,1088,122,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[225,1090,121,1625]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Heliconiini egg on a new shoot of Passiflora foetida var. isthmia; (b) Heliconiini egg on tendril of P. vitifolia; (c) field site, pipeline road in Soberania National Park; (d) Passiflora foetida var. isthmia on which both new Trichogramma species were reared from Heliconiini eggs; (e) Passiflora vitifolia on which T. chagres sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (f) Passiflora biflora on which T. soberania sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (g,h) Agraulis vanillae vanillae, a host of both new Trichogramma species; (i,j) Heliconius hecale melicerta, on which a T. soberania sp. nov. wasp was found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure S1</figureCitation>
). Females actively oviposit into fresh and relatively mature host eggs (with red bands) (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFF5CFCC6FED2FC52" box="[167,261,885,909]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1604,1627]" captionTargetBox="[220,1094,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[219,1096,142,1573]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Biology of Trichogramma chagres sp. nov. strain L21:(ac) female adult(s) parasitizing egg(s) of Mamestra brassicae; (d) freshly laid wasp egg; (e) newly hatched larva; (fh) mature larva: (f,g) two mature larvae and chorion of consumed host egg in direct (f) and reflected (g) light,(h) habitus of mature larva with pulsing mid gut full of host egg yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(ac), S1a,b). The freshly laid parasitoid egg is
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2CFFAFFCECFCC6FC61FC52" box="[791,950,884,909]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.499999999999998" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" unit="mm" value="0.08499999999999999" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.08">0.080.09 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFBF9FCC6FBB6FC52" box="[1026,1121,885,909]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1604,1627]" captionTargetBox="[220,1094,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[219,1096,142,1573]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Biology of Trichogramma chagres sp. nov. strain L21:(ac) female adult(s) parasitizing egg(s) of Mamestra brassicae; (d) freshly laid wasp egg; (e) newly hatched larva; (fh) mature larva: (f,g) two mature larvae and chorion of consumed host egg in direct (f) and reflected (g) light,(h) habitus of mature larva with pulsing mid gut full of host egg yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(d), S1c), developing embryo within the egg (24 h after oviposition) is about
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2CFFAFFC1FFC24FB90FC70" box="[996,1095,919,943]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2CFFAFFF2FFC09FEEFFC0D" box="[212,312,954,978]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
wide (in its widest part) (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFD9BFC09FD26FC0D" box="[608,753,954,978]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[226,1088,122,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[225,1090,121,1625]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Heliconiini egg on a new shoot of Passiflora foetida var. isthmia; (b) Heliconiini egg on tendril of P. vitifolia; (c) field site, pipeline road in Soberania National Park; (d) Passiflora foetida var. isthmia on which both new Trichogramma species were reared from Heliconiini eggs; (e) Passiflora vitifolia on which T. chagres sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (f) Passiflora biflora on which T. soberania sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (g,h) Agraulis vanillae vanillae, a host of both new Trichogramma species; (i,j) Heliconius hecale melicerta, on which a T. soberania sp. nov. wasp was found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure S1d,e</figureCitation>
). The newly hatched larva is about
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2CFFAFFF5BFC6EFF23FC2A" box="[160,244,989,1013]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long, with distinct head capsule bearing mandibles and three thoracic segments separated by deep constrictions, unsegmented abdomen and a caudal formation behind (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFF5CFB91FED3FBE5" box="[167,260,1058,1082]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1604,1627]" captionTargetBox="[220,1094,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[219,1096,142,1573]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Biology of Trichogramma chagres sp. nov. strain L21:(ac) female adult(s) parasitizing egg(s) of Mamestra brassicae; (d) freshly laid wasp egg; (e) newly hatched larva; (fh) mature larva: (f,g) two mature larvae and chorion of consumed host egg in direct (f) and reflected (g) light,(h) habitus of mature larva with pulsing mid gut full of host egg yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(e)). The mature fully fed larva is about
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2CFFAFFD46FB91FCC5FBE5" box="[701,786,1058,1082]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2CFFAFFCA2FB91FC7AFBE5" box="[857,941,1058,1082]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
wide, with pulsing mid gut full of consumed host yolk, with remnants of caudal bladder (membranes) behind (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFF05FBD4FE8CFBA0" box="[254,347,1127,1151]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1604,1627]" captionTargetBox="[220,1094,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[219,1096,142,1573]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Biology of Trichogramma chagres sp. nov. strain L21:(ac) female adult(s) parasitizing egg(s) of Mamestra brassicae; (d) freshly laid wasp egg; (e) newly hatched larva; (fh) mature larva: (f,g) two mature larvae and chorion of consumed host egg in direct (f) and reflected (g) light,(h) habitus of mature larva with pulsing mid gut full of host egg yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(fh), S
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,h). No moults were traced during the larval development, and the mandibles of hatching and mature larvae are of the same size, about
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2CFFAFFC1EFB39FB9FFB7D" box="[997,1096,1162,1186]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFF5DFB1FFECBFB1B" box="[166,284,1196,1220]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[226,1088,122,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[225,1090,121,1625]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Heliconiini egg on a new shoot of Passiflora foetida var. isthmia; (b) Heliconiini egg on tendril of P. vitifolia; (c) field site, pipeline road in Soberania National Park; (d) Passiflora foetida var. isthmia on which both new Trichogramma species were reared from Heliconiini eggs; (e) Passiflora vitifolia on which T. chagres sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (f) Passiflora biflora on which T. soberania sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (g,h) Agraulis vanillae vanillae, a host of both new Trichogramma species; (i,j) Heliconius hecale melicerta, on which a T. soberania sp. nov. wasp was found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure S1f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07B265232F2CFFAFFF5BFB44FC19FA89" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BFB44FEFBFACE" blockId="11.[160,1155,1271,1366]" box="[160,300,1271,1297]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFF5BFB44FEFBFACE" bold="true" box="[160,300,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BFAAFFC19FA89" blockId="11.[160,1155,1271,1366]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2CFFAFFF5BFAAFFF2AFAEB" box="[160,253,1308,1332]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Panama</collectingCountry>
, tropical lowland rainforest of the Soberania National Park (Parque Nacional Soberanía) (
<figureCitation id="D7932A2D2F2CFFAFFED3FA8DFE57FA89" box="[296,384,1342,1366]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1656,1679]" captionTargetBox="[226,1088,122,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[225,1090,121,1625]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Heliconiini egg on a new shoot of Passiflora foetida var. isthmia; (b) Heliconiini egg on tendril of P. vitifolia; (c) field site, pipeline road in Soberania National Park; (d) Passiflora foetida var. isthmia on which both new Trichogramma species were reared from Heliconiini eggs; (e) Passiflora vitifolia on which T. chagres sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (f) Passiflora biflora on which T. soberania sp. nov. was found from a Heliconiini egg; (g,h) Agraulis vanillae vanillae, a host of both new Trichogramma species; (i,j) Heliconius hecale melicerta, on which a T. soberania sp. nov. wasp was found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3675481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3675481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(c)), and in the town of Gamboa and surroundings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07B265232F2CFFAFFF5BFA3AFBE8F960" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BFA3AFECAFA7C" blockId="11.[160,1155,1417,1547]" box="[160,285,1417,1443]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFF5BFA3AFECAFA7C" bold="true" box="[160,285,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BFA1EFEBFF9D4" blockId="11.[160,1155,1417,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
The Chagres (in Spanish:
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFE3AFA1EFD94FA1A" box="[449,579,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Rio Chagres</emphasis>
) is the largest river (
<quantity id="88509B4D2F2CFFAFFCCBFA1EFC50FA1A" box="[816,903,1453,1477]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" unit="km" value="193.0">193 km</quantity>
) in the
<collectingCountry id="37BF76382F2CFFAFFC19FA1EFBEBFA1A" box="[994,1084,1453,1477]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Panama</collectingCountry>
Canal watershed. The river that surrounds our research areas, making a sharp bend around the town of Gamboa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BF98EFEAFF988" blockId="11.[160,1155,1597,1727]" box="[160,376,1597,1623]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFF5BF98EFEAFF988" bold="true" box="[160,376,1597,1623]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">Sequence analysis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1736A82F2CFFAFFF5BF9D1FBE8F960" blockId="11.[160,1155,1597,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">
MegaBLAST analysis revealed that our Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequences of
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFF5BF936FEC6F942" authority="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros, 2019" authorityName="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros" authorityYear="2019" box="[160,273,1669,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFF5BF936FEC6F942" box="[160,273,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">T. chagres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2CFFAFFEE7F936FEA0F942" box="[284,375,1669,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
matched with 40% query cover and 89% identity to
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFC15F936FD6DF960" authority="Nagaraja and Nagarkatti in GenBank. Sequence" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilotraeae">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFC15F936FB54F942" box="[1006,1155,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">T. chilotraeae</emphasis>
Nagaraja and Nagarkatti in GenBank. Sequence
</taxonomicName>
ID
<taxonomicName id="88A84D2B2F2CFFAFFD1FF914FC84F960" authority="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros, 2019" authorityName="Woelke &amp; Fursov &amp; Gumovsky &amp; Rijk &amp; Estrada &amp; Verbaarschot &amp; Huigens &amp; Fatouros" authorityYear="2019" box="[740,851,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chagres" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7DDCEABA2F2CFFAFFD1FF914FC84F960" box="[740,851,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">T. chagres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66EF57C12F2CFFAFFCA7F914FC61F960" box="[860,950,1703,1727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="649" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<accessionNumber id="50FBAB4B2F2CFFAFFC39F914FBEDF960" box="[962,1082,1703,1727]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK159692" pageId="11" pageNumber="649">MK159692</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>