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<document id="B3B80B4D0F33CA3D84BC7C75D0E94941" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2012.69.06" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212344" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718994420665" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Park, Travis &amp; Fitzgerald, Erich M. G." docDate="2012" docId="03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.69.309-325.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-69-2012/pages-309-325/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Anthropodyptes gilli Simpson 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="319" masterDocId="FFF7C405FFB65A778E17C723FFC7FFB2" masterDocTitle="A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)" masterLastPageNumber="325" masterPageNumber="309" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1719008669388" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E8579760807D259C1331647A9D493EA2">A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CBC1990AA3C807F5582DE65545688C6D">Fitzgerald, Erich M. G.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBF5A7E8D26C382FB66FB05" box="[817,1185,1185,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C382FB66FB05" blockId="9.[817,1185,1185,1207]" box="[817,1185,1185,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8D26C382FB66FB05" authority="Simpson, 1959" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[817,1185,1185,1207]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilli">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C382FBC0FB05" bold="true" box="[817,1031,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Anthropodyptes gilli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8A19C382FB66FB05" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[1038,1185,1185,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="113 - 119" refId="ref11524" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1959. A new fossil penguin from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 71: 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="1959">Simpson, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C3EEFA49FB50" blockId="9.[817,1422,1229,1251]" box="[817,1422,1229,1251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBF5A7E8D26C3EEFA49FB50" box="[817,1422,1229,1251]" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" specimenCode="P17167" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C3EEFC52FB50" box="[817,917,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBF5A7E8D26C3EEFC56FB50" box="[817,913,1229,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Right humerus (
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBF5A7E8A29C3EEFBBBFB50" box="[1086,1148,1229,1250]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBF5A7E8A95C3EEFB0AFB51" box="[1154,1229,1229,1251]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="Museum">P17167</specimenCode>
). (
<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBF5A7E8AF3C3EEFAEBFB50" box="[1252,1324,1229,1251]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="10.[140,199,992,1011]" captionTargetBox="[206,1440,230,972]" captionTargetId="figure-412@10.[809,1440,227,768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 10. Anthropodyptes gilli holotype right humerus,NMV P17167: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212362/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBF5A7E8B20C3EEFA45FB50" box="[1335,1410,1229,1251]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C3D9FA8BFAD7" blockId="9.[817,1448,1273,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C3D9FC7CFABC" box="[817,955,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBF5A7E8DD6C3DAFA8FFAD7" county="Specimen" latitude="-37.766666" location="Glenelg River" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="141.23334" municipality="Miocene" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
<collectingCounty id="62B975E7FFBF5A7E8DD6C3DAFBE2FABD" box="[961,1061,1273,1295]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Specimen</collectingCounty>
was found as float on top of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC9711FFBF5A7E8B58C3DAFA60FABD" box="[1359,1447,1273,1295]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Miocene</collectingMunicipality>
marl on east bank of
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at
<location id="8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8ABDC235FAE4FA9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C:8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8ABDC235FAE4FA9E" box="[1194,1315,1302,1324]" county="Specimen" latitude="-37.766666" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="141.23334" municipality="Miocene" name="Devil's Den" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" stateProvince="Victoria">Devils Den</location>
, about
<locationDeviation id="9A6A1449FFBF5A7E8B7DC235FC31FAFB" location="Dartmoor" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
<quantity id="4C9FA08EFFBF5A7E8B7DC235FA6FFA9E" box="[1386,1448,1302,1324]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
NNW of Dartmoor
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A3C389FFBF5A7E8A17C210FB91FAFB" box="[1024,1110,1331,1353]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Victoria</collectingRegion>
.
<location id="8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8A48C210FB42FAFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C:8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8A48C210FB42FAFB" box="[1119,1157,1331,1353]" county="Specimen" latitude="-37.766666" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="141.23334" municipality="Miocene" name="Site" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" stateProvince="Victoria">Site</location>
is marked “Bw” on the map published by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8DAFC273FB45FAD4" author="Singleton, F. A." box="[952,1154,1360,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref11687" refString="Singleton, F. A. 1941. The Tertiary geology of Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 53: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1941">Singleton (1941: 46)</bibRefCitation>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBF5A7E8A87C273FB19FAD4" box="[1168,1246,1360,1382]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" precision="925" value="-37.766666">37°46'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBF5A7E8AFFC273FA86FAD7" box="[1256,1345,1360,1381]" degrees="141" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" precision="925" value="141.23334">141°14'E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C25EFAC4F9B7" blockId="9.[817,1448,1404,1541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C25EFC21FA20" box="[817,998,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Horizon and age.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8DF9C25FFBAEFA20" author="Gill, E. D." box="[1006,1129,1404,1426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="121 - 123" refId="ref9737" refString="Gill, E. D. 1959 a. Provenance of fossil penguin from western Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 71: 121 - 123." type="journal article" year="1959">Gill (1959a)</bibRefCitation>
determined that
<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBF5A7E8B0BC25FFA9FFA23" box="[1308,1368,1404,1425]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
P17167 was derived from the Gellibrand Marl, which at this locality represents planktonic foram zones N5N6, Early Miocene (AquitanianBurdigalian), 17.621.0 Ma (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8AC8C2F0FA63FA5A" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[1247,1444,1491,1513]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10195" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1974. A new giant penguin from the Eocene of Australia. Palaeontology 17: 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1974">Jenkins, 1974: 292</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8D26C2CCFBCAF9B7" author="Abele, C. &amp; Gloe, C. S. &amp; Hocking, J. B. &amp; Holdgate, G. &amp; Kenley, P. R. &amp; Lawrence, C. R. &amp; Ripper, D. &amp; Threlfall, W. F. &amp; Bolger, P. F." box="[817,1037,1519,1541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="251 - 350" refId="ref8297" refString="Abele, C., Gloe, C. S., Hocking, J. B., Holdgate, G., Kenley, P. R., Lawrence, C. R., Ripper, D., Threlfall, W. F., and Bolger, P. F. 1988. Tertiary. Pp. 251 - 350 in: Douglas, J. G. and Ferguson, J. A. (eds), Geology of Victoria. Victorian Division, Geological Society of Australia Incorporated: Melbourne. 663 pp." type="book chapter" year="1988">Abele et al., 1988:285</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8A00C2CCFB3FF9B7" author="Dickinson, J. A. &amp; Wallace, M. W. &amp; Holdgate, G. R. &amp; Gallagher, S. J. &amp; Thomas, L." box="[1047,1272,1519,1541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="288 - 303" refId="ref9408" refString="Dickinson, J. A., Wallace, M. W., Holdgate, G. R., Gallagher, S. J., and Thomas, L. 2002. Origin and timing of the Miocene-Pliocene unconformity in southeast Australia. Journal of Sedimentary Research 72: 288 - 303." type="journal article" year="2002">Dickinson et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C13FFAEEF8DD" blockId="9.[817,1449,1563,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C13FFC51F983" box="[817,918,1564,1585]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8DB5C138FBADF983" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[930,1130,1563,1585]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="51 - 70" refId="ref11492" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1957. Australian fossil penguins, with remarks on penguin evolution and distribution. Records of the South Australian Museum 13: 51 - 70." type="journal article" year="1957">Simpson (1957: 118)</bibRefCitation>
notes that
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8AC3C138FAB4F982" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[1236,1395,1563,1584]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8AC3C138FAB4F982" box="[1236,1395,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Anthropodyptes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not share any diagnostic characters with any previously named genus. Generic characteristics as follows: humerus slender and elongate; shaft slightly sigmoid, with moderate angulation of the cranial margin; the proximal part of the shaft is narrower than the distal part; fossa pneumotricipitalis undivided and large proximo-distally; m. supracoracoideus insertion wide and slightly oblique, almost parallel to long axis of the shaft; angle between long axis of shaft and tangent of condylus dorsalis and condylus ventralis is about 42°; the condylus ventralis is only slightly ventral to the condylus dorsalis; shelf adjacent to condylus ventralis smaller than condylus ventralis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF185DE3FFBC5A7D8E9BC4C3FE6DFBBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212362/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" startId="10.[140,199,992,1011]" targetBox="[206,1440,230,972]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8E9BC4C3FE6DFBBC" blockId="10.[140,773,992,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8EFDC4C3FE63FC41" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[234,420,992,1011]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilli">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8EFDC4C3FE63FC41" box="[234,420,992,1011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Anthropodyptes gilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype right humerus,NMV P17167: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF185DE3FFBC5A7D8D3EC4C3FAA2FBBC" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" startId="10.[809,868,992,1011]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8D3EC4C3FAA2FBBC" blockId="10.[809,1440,992,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
Figure 11.
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8D98C4C3FB4FFC41" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[911,1160,992,1011]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macraei">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8D98C4C3FB4FFC41" box="[911,1160,992,1011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Pseudaptenodytes macraei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype left humerus, NMV P26668: A, dorsal view; B, dorso-caudal view; C, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8E9BC345FD23FA6C" blockId="10.[140,771,1126,1502]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC345FF23FBC9" box="[140,228,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species is apparently most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8E9BC3A7FE96FB2B" authorityName="Marples" authorityYear="1953" box="[140,337,1156,1177]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Archaeospheniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC3A7FE96FB2B" box="[140,337,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Archaeospheniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8F76C3A7FE10FB28" author="Gill, E. D." box="[353,471,1156,1178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="178 - 179" refId="ref9767" refString="Gill, E. D. 1959 b. Penguins - Past and Present. The Victorian Naturalist 75: 178 - 179." type="journal article" year="1959">Gill, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8FF4C3A7FD6AFB2B" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[483,685,1156,1178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="113 - 119" refId="ref11524" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1959. A new fossil penguin from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 71: 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="1959">Simpson, 1959: 118</bibRefCitation>
), a Late Oligocene
<collectingCountry id="F3704DFBFFBC5A7D8F16C381FE57FB05" box="[257,400,1185,1207]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
form. Based on synapomorphies,
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8E9BC39CFE9CFB66" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[140,347,1215,1236]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilli">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC39CFE9CFB66" box="[140,347,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Anthropodyptes gilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a most exclusive placement of clade
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the phylogenetic analysis of Ksepka and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8C5CC3FFFD15FB43" author="Clarke, J. A. &amp; Ksepka, D. T. &amp; Salas-Gismondi, R. &amp; Altamirano, A. J. &amp; Shawkey, M. D. &amp; D'Alba, L. &amp; Vinther, J. &amp; DeVries, T. J. &amp; Baby, P." box="[587,722,1244,1266]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="954 - 957" refId="ref9206" refString="Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Salas-Gismondi, R., Altamirano, A. J., Shawkey, M. D., D'Alba, L., Vinther, J., DeVries, T. J., and Baby, P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and colour of penguin feathers. Science 330: 954 - 957." type="journal article" year="2010">Clarke (2010</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 21), giving it a more crown-ward position than earlier giant forms from the late Eocene, but a similar phylogenetic position to late Oligocene giant forms such as
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8C63C216FD00FAF8" box="[628,711,1333,1354]" class="Aves" genus="Kairuku" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8C63C216FD00FAF8" box="[628,711,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Kairuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8E9BC271FE97FAD5" authorityName="Marples" authorityYear="1953" box="[140,336,1362,1383]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Archaeospheniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC271FE97FAD5" box="[140,336,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Archaeospheniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8F4AC271FDEAFAD5" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[349,557,1362,1383]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilli">
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8F4AC271FDEAFAD5" box="[349,557,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Anthropodyptes gilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears the distinction of being the latest surviving giant stem penguin, all other giant stem taxa having a Palaeogene age (Ksepka and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8CADC2AEFF21FA73" author="Clarke, J. A. &amp; Ksepka, D. T. &amp; Salas-Gismondi, R. &amp; Altamirano, A. J. &amp; Shawkey, M. D. &amp; D'Alba, L. &amp; Vinther, J. &amp; DeVries, T. J. &amp; Baby, P." pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="954 - 957" refId="ref9206" refString="Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Salas-Gismondi, R., Altamirano, A. J., Shawkey, M. D., D'Alba, L., Vinther, J., DeVries, T. J., and Baby, P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and colour of penguin feathers. Science 330: 954 - 957." type="journal article" year="2010">Clarke, 2010: 45</bibRefCitation>
). Comparisons of body proportions with other giant taxa are not possible until more complete material is found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>