181 lines
23 KiB
XML
181 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="B3B80B4D0F33CA3D84BC7C75D0E94941" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2012.69.06" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212344" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718994420665" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Park, Travis & Fitzgerald, Erich M. G." docDate="2012" docId="03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.69.309-325.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-69-2012/pages-309-325/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Anthropodyptes gilli Simpson 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="319" masterDocId="FFF7C405FFB65A778E17C723FFC7FFB2" masterDocTitle="A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)" masterLastPageNumber="325" masterPageNumber="309" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1719008669388" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E8579760807D259C1331647A9D493EA2">A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3B8391413F53B026987349261837E130">Park, Travis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="31DD25C8C4EB2E6025EDF4F35DD129D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CBC1990AA3C807F5582DE65545688C6D">Fitzgerald, Erich M. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FEC2295BA404FC7D296FB00C26834BD0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="205A2862B0EE9829E20917CE07D11DF4">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7B953C107923D9000E92E4E82B13D4F6">
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<mods:date id="E0864A1BCB23016FE1CC1DC011C935BA">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E7DA838C7204A5957169FBE51CA5C85">2012-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4072C31EF536D50A94F71717DF010DF8">69</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="74B0AC50F9C256282A5950DDD4ECE737">309</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="187D1352C4ABF6C1FB48CE6A3DED34C2">https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-69-2012/pages-309-325/</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9740BBCA6E04E5E49261959F4AFB49BB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1E2B58A791D812549C32239B4A0EAC2F" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2012.69.06</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1539A1C901E7422BDD24FC6A78645B25" type="ISSN">1447-2554</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBF5A7E8D26C382FB66FB05" box="[817,1185,1185,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C382FB66FB05" blockId="9.[817,1185,1185,1207]" box="[817,1185,1185,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<heading id="D090BA07FFBF5A7E8D26C382FB66FB05" box="[817,1185,1185,1207]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8D26C382FB66FB05" authority="Simpson, 1959" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[817,1185,1185,1207]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilli">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C382FBC0FB05" bold="true" box="[817,1031,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Anthropodyptes gilli</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8A19C382FB66FB05" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[1038,1185,1185,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="113 - 119" refId="ref11524" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1959. A new fossil penguin from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 71: 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="1959">Simpson, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D5EE0FFBF5A7D8D26C3EEFD23FA6C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C3EEFA49FB50" blockId="9.[817,1422,1229,1251]" box="[817,1422,1229,1251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBF5A7E8D26C3EEFA49FB50" box="[817,1422,1229,1251]" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" specimenCode="P17167" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C3EEFC52FB50" box="[817,917,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<typeStatus id="54DCB3C9FFBF5A7E8D26C3EEFC56FB50" box="[817,913,1229,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Right humerus (
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBF5A7E8A29C3EEFBBBFB50" box="[1086,1148,1229,1250]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBC1A510FFBF5A7E8A95C3EEFB0AFB51" box="[1154,1229,1229,1251]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="Museum">P17167</specimenCode>
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). (
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<figureCitation id="135C11EEFFBF5A7E8AF3C3EEFAEBFB50" box="[1252,1324,1229,1251]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="10.[140,199,992,1011]" captionTargetBox="[206,1440,230,972]" captionTargetId="figure-412@10.[809,1440,227,768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 10. Anthropodyptes gilli holotype right humerus,NMV P17167: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212362/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6E538D0FFBF5A7E8B20C3EEFA45FB50" box="[1335,1410,1229,1251]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[147,201,1677,1699]" captionText="Table 2), a partial right radius (SAM P14158b) (Fig. 5; Table 2), and a partial rib (SAM P17913;Table 2).A second form originally thought to be closely related to Palaeeudyptes was described by Finlayson (1938), who reported a left humerus (SAM P7158) (Fig. 6; Table 2) from Witton Bluff, South Australia. A right tibiotarsus (SAM P10862) (Fig. 7; Table 2), also from Witton Bluff was noted by Glaessner (1955), described by Simpson (1957), and also referred to this form. Simpson (1971)" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C3D9FA8BFAD7" blockId="9.[817,1448,1273,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C3D9FC7CFABC" box="[817,955,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Type locality.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F0736FFBF5A7E8DD6C3DAFA8FFAD7" county="Specimen" latitude="-37.766666" location="Glenelg River" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="141.23334" municipality="Miocene" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
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<collectingCounty id="62B975E7FFBF5A7E8DD6C3DAFBE2FABD" box="[961,1061,1273,1295]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Specimen</collectingCounty>
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was found as float on top of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBC9711FFBF5A7E8B58C3DAFA60FABD" box="[1359,1447,1273,1295]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Miocene</collectingMunicipality>
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marl on east bank of
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<location id="8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8A15C235FB4AFA9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C:8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8A15C235FB4AFA9E" box="[1026,1165,1302,1324]" county="Specimen" latitude="-37.766666" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="141.23334" municipality="Miocene" name="Glenelg River" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" stateProvince="Victoria">Glenelg River</location>
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at
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<location id="8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8ABDC235FAE4FA9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C:8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8ABDC235FAE4FA9E" box="[1194,1315,1302,1324]" county="Specimen" latitude="-37.766666" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="141.23334" municipality="Miocene" name="Devil's Den" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" stateProvince="Victoria">Devil’s Den</location>
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, about
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<locationDeviation id="9A6A1449FFBF5A7E8B7DC235FC31FAFB" location="Dartmoor" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<quantity id="4C9FA08EFFBF5A7E8B7DC235FA6FFA9E" box="[1386,1448,1302,1324]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
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NNW of Dartmoor
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49A3C389FFBF5A7E8A17C210FB91FAFB" box="[1024,1110,1331,1353]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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.
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<location id="8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8A48C210FB42FAFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEBC7DFFBF5A7D8D26C382FD23FA6C:8EB85BB0FFBF5A7E8A48C210FB42FAFB" box="[1119,1157,1331,1353]" county="Specimen" latitude="-37.766666" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="141.23334" municipality="Miocene" name="Site" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" stateProvince="Victoria">Site</location>
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is marked “Bw” on the map published by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8DAFC273FB45FAD4" author="Singleton, F. A." box="[952,1154,1360,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref11687" refString="Singleton, F. A. 1941. The Tertiary geology of Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 53: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1941">Singleton (1941: 46)</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBF5A7E8A87C273FB19FAD4" box="[1168,1246,1360,1382]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" precision="925" value="-37.766666">37°46'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE536BACFFBF5A7E8AFFC273FA86FAD7" box="[1256,1345,1360,1381]" degrees="141" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" precision="925" value="141.23334">141°14'E</geoCoordinate>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C25EFAC4F9B7" blockId="9.[817,1448,1404,1541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C25EFC21FA20" box="[817,998,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Horizon and age.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8DF9C25FFBAEFA20" author="Gill, E. D." box="[1006,1129,1404,1426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="121 - 123" refId="ref9737" refString="Gill, E. D. 1959 a. Provenance of fossil penguin from western Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 71: 121 - 123." type="journal article" year="1959">Gill (1959a)</bibRefCitation>
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determined that
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<collectionCode id="ED7695AEFFBF5A7E8B0BC25FFA9FFA23" box="[1308,1368,1404,1425]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P17167 was derived from the Gellibrand Marl, which at this locality represents planktonic foram zones N5–N6, Early Miocene (Aquitanian–Burdigalian), 17.6–21.0 Ma (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8AC8C2F0FA63FA5A" author="Jenkins, R. J. F." box="[1247,1444,1491,1513]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10195" refString="Jenkins, R. J. F. 1974. A new giant penguin from the Eocene of Australia. Palaeontology 17: 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1974">Jenkins, 1974: 292</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8D26C2CCFBCAF9B7" author="Abele, C. & Gloe, C. S. & Hocking, J. B. & Holdgate, G. & Kenley, P. R. & Lawrence, C. R. & Ripper, D. & Threlfall, W. F. & Bolger, P. F." box="[817,1037,1519,1541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="251 - 350" refId="ref8297" refString="Abele, C., Gloe, C. S., Hocking, J. B., Holdgate, G., Kenley, P. R., Lawrence, C. R., Ripper, D., Threlfall, W. F., and Bolger, P. F. 1988. Tertiary. Pp. 251 - 350 in: Douglas, J. G. and Ferguson, J. A. (eds), Geology of Victoria. Victorian Division, Geological Society of Australia Incorporated: Melbourne. 663 pp." type="book chapter" year="1988">Abele et al., 1988:285</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8A00C2CCFB3FF9B7" author="Dickinson, J. A. & Wallace, M. W. & Holdgate, G. R. & Gallagher, S. J. & Thomas, L." box="[1047,1272,1519,1541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="288 - 303" refId="ref9408" refString="Dickinson, J. A., Wallace, M. W., Holdgate, G. R., Gallagher, S. J., and Thomas, L. 2002. Origin and timing of the Miocene-Pliocene unconformity in southeast Australia. Journal of Sedimentary Research 72: 288 - 303." type="journal article" year="2002">Dickinson et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBF5A7E8D26C13FFAEEF8DD" blockId="9.[817,1449,1563,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8D26C13FFC51F983" box="[817,918,1564,1585]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBF5A7E8DB5C138FBADF983" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[930,1130,1563,1585]" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" pagination="51 - 70" refId="ref11492" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1957. Australian fossil penguins, with remarks on penguin evolution and distribution. Records of the South Australian Museum 13: 51 - 70." type="journal article" year="1957">Simpson (1957: 118)</bibRefCitation>
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notes that
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBF5A7E8AC3C138FAB4F982" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[1236,1395,1563,1584]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBF5A7E8AC3C138FAB4F982" box="[1236,1395,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="318">Anthropodyptes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not share any diagnostic characters with any previously named genus. Generic characteristics as follows: humerus slender and elongate; shaft slightly sigmoid, with moderate angulation of the cranial margin; the proximal part of the shaft is narrower than the distal part; fossa pneumotricipitalis undivided and large proximo-distally; m. supracoracoideus insertion wide and slightly oblique, almost parallel to long axis of the shaft; angle between long axis of shaft and tangent of condylus dorsalis and condylus ventralis is about 42°; the condylus ventralis is only slightly ventral to the condylus dorsalis; shelf adjacent to condylus ventralis smaller than condylus ventralis.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF185DE3FFBC5A7D8E9BC4C3FE6DFBBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12212362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12212362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12212362/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" startId="10.[140,199,992,1011]" targetBox="[206,1440,230,972]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8E9BC4C3FE6DFBBC" blockId="10.[140,773,992,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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Figure 10.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8EFDC4C3FE63FC41" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[234,420,992,1011]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilli">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8EFDC4C3FE63FC41" box="[234,420,992,1011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Anthropodyptes gilli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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holotype right humerus,NMV P17167: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<caption id="DF185DE3FFBC5A7D8D3EC4C3FAA2FBBC" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" startId="10.[809,868,992,1011]" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8D3EC4C3FAA2FBBC" blockId="10.[809,1440,992,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8D98C4C3FB4FFC41" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1970" box="[911,1160,992,1011]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Pseudaptenodytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macraei">
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<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8D98C4C3FB4FFC41" box="[911,1160,992,1011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Pseudaptenodytes macraei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype left humerus, NMV P26668: A, dorsal view; B, dorso-caudal view; C, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD80D6BFFBC5A7D8E9BC345FD23FA6C" blockId="10.[140,771,1126,1502]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC345FF23FBC9" box="[140,228,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species is apparently most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8E9BC3A7FE96FB2B" authorityName="Marples" authorityYear="1953" box="[140,337,1156,1177]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Archaeospheniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC3A7FE96FB2B" box="[140,337,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Archaeospheniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8F76C3A7FE10FB28" author="Gill, E. D." box="[353,471,1156,1178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="178 - 179" refId="ref9767" refString="Gill, E. D. 1959 b. Penguins - Past and Present. The Victorian Naturalist 75: 178 - 179." type="journal article" year="1959">Gill, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8FF4C3A7FD6AFB2B" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[483,685,1156,1178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="113 - 119" refId="ref11524" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1959. A new fossil penguin from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 71: 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="1959">Simpson, 1959: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a Late Oligocene
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3704DFBFFBC5A7D8F16C381FE57FB05" box="[257,400,1185,1207]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
form. Based on synapomorphies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8E9BC39CFE9CFB66" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[140,347,1215,1236]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC39CFE9CFB66" box="[140,347,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Anthropodyptes gilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a most exclusive placement of clade
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FA08EFFBC5A7D8CE1C39CFF67FB40" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
the phylogenetic analysis of Ksepka and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8C5CC3FFFD15FB43" author="Clarke, J. A. & Ksepka, D. T. & Salas-Gismondi, R. & Altamirano, A. J. & Shawkey, M. D. & D'Alba, L. & Vinther, J. & DeVries, T. J. & Baby, P." box="[587,722,1244,1266]" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="954 - 957" refId="ref9206" refString="Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Salas-Gismondi, R., Altamirano, A. J., Shawkey, M. D., D'Alba, L., Vinther, J., DeVries, T. J., and Baby, P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and colour of penguin feathers. Science 330: 954 - 957." type="journal article" year="2010">Clarke (2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Fig. 21), giving it a more crown-ward position than earlier ‘giant’ forms from the late Eocene, but a similar phylogenetic position to late Oligocene giant forms such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8C63C216FD00FAF8" box="[628,711,1333,1354]" class="Aves" genus="Kairuku" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8C63C216FD00FAF8" box="[628,711,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Kairuku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8E9BC271FE97FAD5" authorityName="Marples" authorityYear="1953" box="[140,336,1362,1383]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Archaeospheniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8E9BC271FE97FAD5" box="[140,336,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Archaeospheniscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6776E8FFBC5A7D8F4AC271FDEAFAD5" authorityName="Simpson" authorityYear="1959" box="[349,557,1362,1383]" class="Aves" family="Spheniscidae" genus="Anthropodyptes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphenisciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913D179FFBC5A7D8F4AC271FDEAFAD5" box="[349,557,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="319">Anthropodyptes gilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears the distinction of being the latest surviving giant stem penguin, all other ‘giant’ stem taxa having a Palaeogene age (Ksepka and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6709AFFBC5A7D8CADC2AEFF21FA73" author="Clarke, J. A. & Ksepka, D. T. & Salas-Gismondi, R. & Altamirano, A. J. & Shawkey, M. D. & D'Alba, L. & Vinther, J. & DeVries, T. J. & Baby, P." pageId="10" pageNumber="319" pagination="954 - 957" refId="ref9206" refString="Clarke, J. A., Ksepka, D. T., Salas-Gismondi, R., Altamirano, A. J., Shawkey, M. D., D'Alba, L., Vinther, J., DeVries, T. J., and Baby, P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and colour of penguin feathers. Science 330: 954 - 957." type="journal article" year="2010">Clarke, 2010: 45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Comparisons of body proportions with other giant taxa are not possible until more complete material is found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |