574 lines
67 KiB
XML
574 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="05C4C4EF8855C6A48DCC0402A9486E01" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="423aca8b-bdb1-4aa9-a785-58be9f8d6a81" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157335" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461023345748" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Samaai, Toufiek, Keyzers, Robert & Davies-Coleman, Michael" docDate="2004" docId="03B1E929FFF2FFD4FEB9FC7DFDC8EE47" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00584.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 584" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Strongylodesma aliwaliensis Samaai, Keyzers & Davies-Coleman, 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF889151FFF6FFDDFFB1FF9BFF94ED79" masterDocTitle="A new species of Strongylodesma Lévi, 1969 (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Latrunculiidae) from Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698570822629" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C5E719264163388B0D2BF457116B29C9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C299ADAD68C1F11198B698F69B50750A">
|
||
<mods:title id="45338D924EFC31359749755866836869">A new species of Strongylodesma Lévi, 1969 (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Latrunculiidae) from Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of South Africa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="2ECEBF67B27DDA674B603D40694A5E03" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6A664BB2F9FA78CC92D7EC1775424953">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5A16B7A530241DDF6D29DBFEAEF32762">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="000CB88C6A506B6B2978451EC3AA789F">Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4F2A4E91011743843CEB5BF27A4CCDF2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E276E7AB2722EE0689329B9374DD52CC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="55CAA5F3F79D28A34A24A74019EDE666">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9D6266A70B1282B5F8DD94ADA638C655">Keyzers, Robert</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0541B191FE969A3331D65ED3581D0532" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F48D4AA21E9C4B8B12BBB7487FB90808">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2C4DB9F793C4AA5094206A5FFFCD0DA8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FC3CC0980589A4E71A44109774C2532E">Davies-Coleman, Michael</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="D3885A9DA3A589AED781D60EC861C157">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A6BDA19BEC77404DA229B70A72292E64" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DF399C7553E4EE188ED8AECE054928B2">
|
||
<mods:title id="EBD3CBF6236CE8C8F78EFC44F6A2EE47">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="15A60DDC895F4EEC9712CE3FB673ADF5">
|
||
<mods:date id="EF21422AD28A59C8076F5F4752746EDB">2004</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8ECFF8F036B9809F418EC74FD6920357" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="CA7D50DC75D1D188B3418FB78B903CBF">584</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="D2A21948C08B784A2039647204372D74" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="E1433C990CF047F8C9C61348A2EBA719">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2AA572120423402E4856687CE2B84B07">11</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="E193388A2C31732C190F5E4E383B7350">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EC0B2593CDD6664721008329CFF9F2DF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157335</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D888A7075B7B024B4EBB7071C9012B88" type="GBIF-Dataset">423aca8b-bdb1-4aa9-a785-58be9f8d6a81</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BF4D6F0DCBE96DE01260AA3FCBFA411F" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FE61E509705DB8069B62468507E640DE" type="Zenodo-Dep">157335</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2A2220074B0B0D2CAA93485BAF46ECBA" type="ZooBank">7A7D846A-F9D4-4E49-A342-0151B5674E83</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B1E929FFF2FFD4FEB9FC7DFDC8EE47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271610" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119605654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271610" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1E929FFF2FFD4FEB9FC7DFDC8EE47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B1E929FFF2FFD4FEB9FC7DFDC8EE47" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3020BB4FFF2FFD9FEB9FC7DFDC1E95A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF2FFD9FEB9FC7DFD56E979" blockId="4.[264,706,998,1059]" box="[264,706,998,1024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="D0EFEF53FFF2FFD9FEB9FC7DFD56E979" bold="true" box="[264,706,998,1024]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF2FFD9FEB9FC7DFD56E979" bold="true" box="[264,706,998,1024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF2FFD9FEB9FC7DFDC9E979" ID-CoL="534PW" box="[264,605,998,1024]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF2FFD9FEB9FC7DFDC9E979" bold="true" box="[264,605,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFF2FFD9FDD4FC7DFD56E979" box="[613,706,998,1024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF2FFD9FEB9FB92FDC1E95A" blockId="4.[264,706,998,1059]" box="[264,597,1033,1059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF2FFD9FEA0FB92FEF9E95A" box="[273,365,1033,1059]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
, B, C; 3A, B, C, D)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3020BB4FFF2FFD9FEB9FBC2FE5AE8F2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF2FFD9FEB9FBC2FCF3E9BA" blockId="4.[264,1323,1113,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF2FFD9FEB9FBC2FE66E90A" bold="true" box="[264,498,1113,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF2FFD9FEB9FBC2FEEEE90A" box="[264,378,1113,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED09C0FAFFF2FFD9FDB4FBC2FDD1E90A" box="[517,581,1113,1139]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SAM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED09C0FAFFF2FFD9FDE1FBC2FDFBE90A" box="[592,623,1113,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H</collectionCode>
|
||
5083 (cross ref. TS 970): Umkomaas, Aliwal Shoal, East coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F18AFFFF2FFD9FEDCFB1AFD93E9E2" box="[365,519,1153,1179]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 30° 26’202”S, 32° 02’558”E, collected by Toufiek Samaai and Vic Peddemors, 0
|
||
<date id="FFA67EFFFFF2FFD9FE16FB32FDEBE9BA" box="[423,639,1193,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2003-09-04">4 September 2003</date>
|
||
, at a depth of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1E93B6FFF2FFD9FC95FB32FCF3E9BA" box="[804,871,1193,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FC95FB32FCF0E9BA" box="[804,868,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF2FFD9FE89FB4AFE5AE8F2" blockId="4.[264,1323,1113,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF2FFD9FE89FB4AFDBEE992" bold="true" box="[312,554,1233,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF2FFD9FE89FB4AFE3EE992" box="[312,426,1233,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SAF 94–23: Umkomaas, Aliwal Shoal, East coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F18AFFFF2FFD9FB57FB4AFEC2E86A" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 30° 26’202”S, 32° 02’558”E, collected by Greg Hooper,
|
||
<date id="FFA67EFFFFF2FFD9FBB9FB62FB3DE86A" box="[1032,1193,1273,1299]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1994-06-21">21 June 1994</date>
|
||
, at a depth of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1E93B6FFF2FFD9FE96FABAFEFEE842" box="[295,362,1313,1339]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FE96FABAFEF2E842" box="[295,358,1313,1339]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
TS VG 1: Umkomaas, Aliwal Shoal (Raggie Cave and Anvil Rock), East coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F18AFFFF2FFD9FEB9FAD2FE35E81A" box="[264,417,1353,1379]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 30° 26’202”S, 32° 02’558”E, collected by Toufiek Samaai, 0
|
||
<date id="FFA67EFFFFF2FFD9FBCDFAD2FA9EE81A" box="[1148,1290,1353,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2004-05-01">1 May 2004</date>
|
||
, at a depth of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1E93B6FFF2FFD9FE35FAEAFE5AE8F2" box="[388,462,1393,1419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FE35FAEAFE5EE8F2" box="[388,458,1393,1419]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3020BB4FFF2FFDAFE89FA02FBBEE98F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF2FFD9FE89FA02FD3CEB8A" blockId="4.[264,1323,1113,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF2FFD9FE89FA02FE5DE8CA" bold="true" box="[312,457,1433,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Sponge is massive, semispherical, sometimes thickly encrusting, up to 8.5
|
||
<date id="FFA67EFFFFF2FFD9FE82FA5AFECCE8A2" box="[307,344,1473,1499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">x 7</date>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FEC2FA5AFE56E8A2" box="[371,450,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF2FFD9FDEDFA5AFD2EE8A2" box="[604,698,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ectosomal layer not readily separable from choanosomal tissue, but are distinguishable and approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FC1FFA72FC61EB7A" box="[942,1013,1513,1539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick. Texture soft, compressible but resilient. Surface smooth with numerous, randomly scattered cylindrical or volcanoshaped oscules,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FD81F9A2FD15EB2A" box="[560,641,1593,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FD4DF9A2FCC2EB2A" box="[764,854,1593,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with no internal canal divisions, and smooth mushroomlike areolate porefields
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FCF0F9FAFC00EB02" box="[833,916,1633,1659]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF2FFD9FBA3F9FAFBF1EB02" box="[1042,1125,1633,1659]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF2FFD9FB0AF9FAFA91EB02" box="[1211,1285,1633,1659]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Sand particles and other epifauna (hydroids and Red algae) present on the surface and within the choanosomal tissue of the sponge. Exterior colour in life dark olive green; in preservative dark oily brown/black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF2FFD9FE89F89AFCF5EA12" blockId="4.[264,1323,1113,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF2FFD9FE89F89AFE0AEA62" bold="true" box="[312,414,1793,1819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
. Megascleres are smooth anisostrongyles, with one end narrower than the other, 428 (235–590)
|
||
<date id="FFA67EFFFFF2FFD9FDB9F8B2FDB9EA3A" box="[520,557,1833,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">x 7</date>
|
||
(4–9) m, n=20 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF2FFD9FCB0F8B2FCDCEA3A" box="[769,840,1833,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF2FFD9FCC4F8B2FC49EA3A" box="[885,989,1833,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SAF 94–23: 466 (245–549)
|
||
<date id="FFA67EFFFFF2FFD9FEB9F8CAFEB9EA12" box="[264,301,1873,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">x 6</date>
|
||
(4–7) m, n=20 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF2FFD9FE4FF8CAFDD1EA12" box="[510,581,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Microscleres: absent
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6708B7FFF3FFD8FEB9F97DFDD2EA22" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF3FFD8FEB9F97DFDD2EA22" blockId="5.[264,1323,1766,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF3FFD8FEB9F97DFE0EEB82" bold="true" box="[264,410,1766,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2. A</emphasis>
|
||
. Gross morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF3FFD8FD37F97DFC0EEB82" box="[646,922,1766,1787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF3FFD8FD37F97DFC0EEB82" box="[646,922,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFF3FFD8FC12F97DFC65EB82" box="[931,1009,1766,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(SAM H5083);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF3FFD8FB2EF97DFB3BEB82" bold="true" box="[1183,1199,1766,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF3FFD8FC0CF89DFBCCEA62" box="[957,1112,1798,1819]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Strongylodesma</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF3FFD8FBD3F89DFB41EA62" box="[1122,1237,1798,1819]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF3FFD8FBD3F89DFB41EA62" box="[1122,1237,1798,1819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFF3FFD8FB6FF89DFABFEA62" box="[1246,1323,1798,1819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(SAM H5083);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF3FFD8FE1CF8BDFE50EA42" bold="true" box="[429,452,1830,1851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF3FFD8FC42F8BDFA93EA42" box="[1011,1287,1830,1851]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF3FFD8FC42F8BDFA93EA42" box="[1011,1287,1830,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFF3FFD8FABEF8BDFEA5EA22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Anisostrongyles) (1000 X).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6708B7FFF0FFDBFEB9F960FDDDEA09" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169138/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[270,1285,313,1776]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF0FFDBFEB9F960FDDDEA09" blockId="6.[264,1323,1787,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF0FFDBFEB9F960FE39EA69" bold="true" box="[264,429,1787,1808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3A, C.</emphasis>
|
||
Skeletal architecture of the holotype (SAM H5083) (A, 100 X; C, 50 X); C. Skeletal architecture showing the clear mesohyl region below the paratangential layer of anisostrongyles (100 X);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF0FFDBFB60F880FB75EA49" bold="true" box="[1233,1249,1819,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Skeletal architecture of the paratype (SAF 9423) (50 X);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF0FFDBFCB1F8A0FC85EA29" bold="true" box="[768,785,1851,1872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Skeletal architecture showing the region of convoluted tracts of anisostrongyles (100 X).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF1FFDAFE89FE80FC08EEA7" blockId="7.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE89FE80FE37EC4C" bold="true" box="[312,419,283,309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
. The choanosomal architecture is dense with convoluted tracts that may or may not form discrete chambers, these tracts range in width
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFC68FEDFFBE4EC27" box="[985,1136,324,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="197.0" valueMax="294.0" valueMin="100.0">100–294 m</quantity>
|
||
thick (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF1FFDAFB75FEDFFABFEC27" box="[1220,1323,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFEB9FEF7FE0BECFF" box="[264,415,364,390]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="345.0" valueMax="490.0" valueMin="200.0">200–490 m</quantity>
|
||
thick) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF1FFDAFE4DFEF7FDAAECFF" box="[508,574,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, C, D). These convoluted tracts are a dense paratangential feltwork of anisostrongyles, similar to that found in the ectosome, suggesting that these convoluted tracts may represent an early ectosomal surface as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFC6CFE27FBFAECAC" box="[989,1134,444,469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFC6CFE27FBFAECAC" box="[989,1134,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFB18FE27FB6DECAC" box="[1193,1273,444,469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFB18FE27FB6DECAC" box="[1193,1273,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that the sponge grows in size and volume by putting on new chambers as in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFE9BFD97FE44EF5F" box="[298,464,524,550]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Polymastiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F18AFFFF1FFDAFD94FD97FD5DEF5F" box="[549,713,524,550]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFD51FD97FCA4EF5C" box="[736,816,524,549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFD51FD97FCA4EF5C" box="[736,816,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFCF1FD97FC70EF5C" box="[832,996,524,549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Coelosphaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFCF1FD97FC70EF5C" box="[832,996,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coelosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFC44FD97FB0EEF5C" box="[1013,1178,524,549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Isodictyidae" genus="Coelocarteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFC44FD97FB0EEF5C" box="[1013,1178,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coelocarteria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFB50FD97FEBEEF34" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFB50FD97FEBEEF34" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Petrosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within and between the convoluted tracts the choanosome is much softer, containing the skeleton that consists of an illformed, irregular reticulation of anisostrongyles, these tracts range in width from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFDF9FD1FFD40EFE7" box="[584,724,644,670]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50–100 m</quantity>
|
||
, with no distinction between the primary and secondary tracts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF1FFDAFE01FD37FE63EFBF" box="[432,503,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Towards the centre of the choanosome the tracts are more confused and illdefined, and towards the surface they become more robust and vertically arranged and radiate to form plumose tracts
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFCAAFD67FCECEE6F" box="[795,888,764,790]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
wide. Scattered throughout the choanosome, between the tracts, are a few interstitial megascleres in the same category as the main spicules. The ectosome is composed of a dense irregular interlocking paratangential feltwork of anisostrongyles approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFCA3FCEFFC39EEF7" box="[786,941,884,910]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="200.0">200–350 m</quantity>
|
||
deep (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF1FFDAFBB4FCEFFBF2EEF7" box="[1029,1126,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
, B). Below this interlocking paratangential layer a clear band of collagenous mesohyl is present (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF1FFDAFB55FC07FEB5EEA7" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="5.[264,357,1766,1787]" captionTargetBox="[269,1318,310,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[269,1319,308,1740]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Gross morphology of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); B. A close up frame of the fungiform areolate porefields and cylindrical oscules of Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (SAM H 5083); C. Smooth anisostrongyles with one end narrower within Strongylodesma aliwaliensis sp. nov. (Anisostrongyles) (1000 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169137/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anisostrongyles do not protrude beyond the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF1FFDAFE89FC77FB19E957" blockId="7.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE89FC77FE2EE97F" bold="true" box="[312,442,1004,1030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chemistry</emphasis>
|
||
. Preliminary chemical analysis of sponge extracts has confirmed the presence of several pyrroloiminoquinone products, for example makaluvamine I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF1FFDAFE89FBA7FB36E9DF" blockId="7.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE89FBA7FC9DE92F" bold="true" box="[312,777,1084,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Substratum, depth range and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
. Found on the shallow reef platform of Aliwal shoal, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFE2FFBFFFE4FE907" box="[414,475,1124,1150]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
|
||
and on the vertical surfaces on the outside of a cave and boulder, depth
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1E93B6FFF1FFDAFEB9FB17FEDFE9DF" box="[264,331,1164,1190]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFEB9FB17FED2E9DF" box="[264,326,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
This species is very rare and is found in areas were there is current flow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF1FFDAFE89FB2FFABCE9B7" blockId="7.[264,1325,283,1870]" box="[312,1320,1204,1230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE89FB2FFDF1E9B7" bold="true" box="[312,613,1204,1230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Aliwal Shoal on the east coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F18AFFFF1FFDAFC4FFB2FFB01E9B7" box="[1022,1173,1204,1230]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF1FFDAFB62FB2FFA83E9B7" box="[1235,1303,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[283,1301,689,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[283,1303,689,1773]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of collection locality on the east coast of South Africa. Aliwal Shoal is situated about 5 km off the town of Umkomaas on the KwaZuluNatal South Coast, about 45 minutes drive from Durban." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157336/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF1FFDAFE89FB47FBBEE98F" blockId="7.[264,1325,283,1870]" box="[312,1066,1244,1270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE89FB47FE24E98F" bold="true" box="[312,432,1244,1270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymolog</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE01FB47FE2FE98C" box="[432,443,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">y</emphasis>
|
||
. Named after the location Aliwal Shoal, Umkomaas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3020BB4FFF1FFD4FE89FA9FFDC8EE47" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFF1FFDAFE89FA9FFBFEEA37" blockId="7.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE89FA9FFE28E867" bold="true" box="[312,444,1284,1310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFE60FA9FFCB1E864" box="[465,805,1284,1309]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE60FA9FFCB1E864" box="[465,805,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFF1FFDAFC82FA9FFC01E867" box="[819,917,1284,1310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is easily distinguished from the genus
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF1FFDAFEE4FAB7FE2FE83F" box="[341,443,1324,1350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFE75FAB7FD17E83F" authority="Levi" authorityName="Levi" box="[452,643,1324,1350]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="areolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE75FAB7FE47E83C" box="[452,467,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE53FAB7FDD0E83C" box="[482,580,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">areolata</emphasis>
|
||
Lévi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on external and internal morphology and on colouration;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFEB9FACFFE1CE814" box="[264,392,1364,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="areolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFEB9FACFFE83E814" box="[264,279,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE97FACFFE1CE814" box="[294,392,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">areolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have elliptical areolate porefields with a reddish brown pigmentation, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFAA5FACFFE00E8EC" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFAA5FACFFAB7E814" box="[1300,1315,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFEB9FAE7FE00E8EC" box="[264,404,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFF1FFDAFE2DFAE7FE63E8EF" box="[412,503,1404,1430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have fungiform areolate porefields and are darkly pigmented like the other South African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFE4DFA3FFD23E8C4" box="[508,695,1444,1469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE4DFA3FFD23E8C4" box="[508,695,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFC87FA3FFC71E8C7" box="[822,997,1444,1470]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFC40FA3FFEB3E89C" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFC40FA3FFEB3E89C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFF1FFDAFE81FA57FE1FE89F" box="[304,395,1484,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also differs from the genus
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF1FFDAFD6AFA57FCD5E89F" box="[731,833,1484,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFCFBFA57FB9DE89F" authority="Levi" authorityName="Levi" box="[842,1033,1484,1510]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="areolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFCFBFA57FCCDE89C" box="[842,857,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFCD9FA57FC5EE89C" box="[872,970,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">areolata</emphasis>
|
||
Lévi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the larger size of the megascleres ((299 (282–319)
|
||
<date id="FFA67EFFFFF1FFDAFDD6FA6FFD1FEB77" box="[615,651,1524,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">x 6</date>
|
||
(5–7) um in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF1FFDAFCE0FA6FFC2CEB77" box="[849,952,1524,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MNHN VEM 131DCL 1425), and in the possession of smooth anisostrongyles (as opposed to faintly terminally spined strongyles in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF1FFDAFE64F9DFFDD5EB27" box="[469,577,1604,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). The subectosomal skeleton of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF1FFDAFC5CF9DFFBC7EB27" box="[1005,1107,1604,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is a clear band of collagenous mesohyl
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFDB7F9F7FD0FEBFF" box="[518,667,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.485" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="248.5" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="227.0">227–270 m</quantity>
|
||
thick, the base of which is a thin band of paratangential strongyles (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0F5DAFFF1FFDAFE21F90FFE4AEBD7" box="[400,478,1684,1710]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
deep) (see Samaai and Kelly, 2002; Samaai, 2002). This clear region is however, present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFE46F927FD35EBAC" box="[503,673,1724,1749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE46F927FD35EBAC" box="[503,673,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFF1FFDAFD18F927FC91EBAF" box="[681,773,1724,1750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
but not at the base as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFF1FFDAFBE9F927FB2AEBAF" box="[1112,1214,1724,1750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MNHN VEM 131DCL 1425) and occurs below the thick interlocking paratangential layer at the surface (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132344BAFFF1FFDAFE28F897FE67EA5F" box="[409,499,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A, C" captionStartId="6.[264,357,1787,1808]" captionTargetBox="[270,1285,313,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[270,1286,312,1777]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3 A, C. Skeletal architecture of the holotype (SAM H 5083) (A, 100 X; C, 50 X); C. Skeletal architecture showing the clear mesohyl region below the paratangential layer of anisostrongyles (100 X); B. Skeletal architecture of the paratype (SAF 94 23) (50 X); D. Skeletal architecture showing the region of convoluted tracts of anisostrongyles (100 X)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169138/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). This broad paratangential layer at the surface of the ectosome is also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFE33F8AFFDF2EA34" box="[386,614,1844,1869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tsitsikammaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFE33F8AFFDF2EA34" box="[386,614,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. tsitsikammaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFF1FFDAFD2EF8AFFCAEEA34" box="[671,826,1844,1869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFD2EF8AFFCAEEA34" box="[671,826,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. algoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8925CEFFF1FFDAFCC9F8AFFBC9EA37" author="Samaai" box="[888,1117,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="11" refString="Samaai, T., Gibbons, M. J., Kelly, M. & Davies-Coleman, M. (2003) South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa, 371, 1 - 26" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFF1FFDAFC64F8AFFB84EA34" box="[981,1040,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFFEFFD5FE89FE87FC03E92F" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The choanosome architecture of the new species is dense with convoluted tracts that may or may not form discrete chambers. These convoluted tracts within the choanosome are rather unusual for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FD35FEF7FCABECFC" box="[644,831,364,389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FD35FEF7FCABECFC" box="[644,831,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it was first described in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFFEFFD5FB0EFEF7FB66ECFF" box="[1215,1266,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FE6CFE0FFDF8ECD4" box="[477,620,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FE6CFE0FFDF8ECD4" box="[477,620,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Samaai and Kelly, 2002). This structure however, is not unique for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FE0DFE27FDD9ECAC" box="[444,589,444,469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FE0DFE27FDD9ECAC" box="[444,589,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FD0CFE27FCF9ECAF" box="[701,877,444,470]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as evidence also shows that species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FE9AFE7FFD85EC87" box="[299,529,484,510]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FE9AFE7FFEEFEC84" box="[299,379,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
(Acarnidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a choanosomal structure reminiscent of that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FB28FE7FFDA9EF5F" authority="Samaai and Kelly, 2002" authorityName="Samaai and Kelly" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FB28FE7FFABFEC84" box="[1177,1323,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
(Samaai and Kelly, 2002)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The choanosomal architecture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC6BFD97FB11EF5C" box="[986,1157,524,549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC6BFD97FB11EF5C" box="[986,1157,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFFEFFD5FB3FFD97FB71EF5F" box="[1166,1253,524,550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
however, differs considerably from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FD38FDAFFB35EF37" authority="Samaai and Kelly (2002)" authorityName="Samaai and Kelly" authorityYear="2002" box="[649,1185,564,590]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FD38FDAFFCF0EF34" box="[649,868,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
Samaai and Kelly (2002)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the choanosome lacks the discrete honey comblike chambers as found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FBF0FDC7FE37EFE7" authority="Samaai and Kelly (2002)" authorityName="Samaai and Kelly" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FBF0FDC7FB0DEF0C" box="[1089,1177,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
Samaai and Kelly (2002)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the “convoluted tract” morphological character as observe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FB79FD1FFE6AEFBC" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FB79FD1FFE6AEFBC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFFEFFD5FDB7FD37FDF7EFBF" box="[518,611,684,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FDC1FD37FC96EFBC" box="[624,770,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FDC1FD37FC96EFBC" box="[624,770,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC8AFD37FC1FEFBC" box="[827,907,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC8AFD37FC1FEFBC" box="[827,907,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holds no phylogenetic weight; it is “cross taxon” — like the axial compression of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC8BFD4FFC52EF97" box="[826,966,724,750]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC62FD4FFBF3EF97" box="[979,1127,724,750]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Raspailiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the desmas of Lithistids and therefore cannot be used as a character for inclusion of this new species within either
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FE14FCBFFD3AEE44" box="[421,686,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FE14FCBFFDA2EE44" box="[421,566,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FDEEFCBFFD3AEE44" box="[607,686,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Zyzzya</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FD77FCBFFCC3EE44" box="[710,855,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FD77FCBFFCC3EE44" box="[710,855,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC20FCBFFC75EE44" box="[913,993,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC20FCBFFC75EE44" box="[913,993,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lacks the characteristic strongyle megascleres and fungiform areolate porefields as found in all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FB79FCD7FEFEEEF4" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FB79FCD7FEFEEEF4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FE31FCEFFD86EEF4" box="[384,530,884,909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FE31FCEFFD86EEF4" box="[384,530,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses large styles and cauliform areolate porefields;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FB6AFCEFFABFEEF4" box="[1243,1323,884,909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Zyzzya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FB6AFCEFFABFEEF4" box="[1243,1323,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zyzzya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses tylotes, occasional stylotes, have isochelae microscleres and lacks areolate porefields). The suggestion that the new taxon is a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC82FC5FFC50EEA4" box="[819,964,964,989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC82FC5FFC50EEA4" box="[819,964,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsitsikamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without microscleres is likely to be incorrect because the phenomenon of reduction of microscleres in genera with known abundant microscleres is only observed in atoll locations where silicates are less available (KellyBorges & Vacelet 1997 on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FCBBFBA7FC12E92C" box="[778,902,1084,1109]" class="Demospongiae" family="Podospongiidae" genus="Diacarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FCBBFBA7FC12E92C" box="[778,902,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diacarnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFFEFFD5FE89FBFFFC45E98F" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The inclusion of the new taxon within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FCB0FBFFFC28E904" box="[769,956,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FCB0FBFFFC28E904" box="[769,956,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strongly supported based on the presence of strongyles, the fungiform areolate porefields and structure of the ectosomal layer. These convoluted tracts are an artifact of growth, where new structures of the choanosome and ectosome overgrow the older ectosomal layers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFFEFFD5FE89FA9FFB53EBAF" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FE89FA9FFE75E864" box="[312,481,1284,1309]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FE89FA9FFE75E864" box="[312,481,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFFEFFD5FE59FA9FFDA9E867" box="[488,573,1284,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is found on the same habitat
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3E69DFFFEFFD5FC24FA9FFC5CE867" box="[917,968,1284,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FB21FA9FFABFE864" box="[1168,1323,1284,1309]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FB21FA9FFABFE864" box="[1168,1323,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. algoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both are restricted to deeper waters on rocky platforms), but differs from it in that the former is found in subtropical waters on the east coast and the latter in the warm temperate waters on the south east coast of Algoa Bay (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F18AFFFFEFFD5FC8BFAE7FC48E8EF" box="[826,988,1404,1430]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC42FAE7FEF3E8C4" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tsitsikammaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC42FAE7FEF3E8C4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Strongylodesma tsitsikammaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the other hand is restricted to the intertidal rock pools and gullies in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FEB9FA57FE09E89F" box="[264,413,1484,1510]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
National Park region. The new species also differ from the two known South African species in colouration,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FDCDFA6FFCF4EB74" box="[636,864,1524,1549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tsitsikammaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FDCDFA6FFCF4EB74" box="[636,864,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tsitsikammaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is greenish brown while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FB3EFA6FFABFEB74" box="[1167,1323,1524,1549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FB3EFA6FFABFEB74" box="[1167,1323,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. algoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is brown, whereas the new species is a dark olive green colour.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC40F987FEB3EB24" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC40F987FEB3EB24" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFFEFFD5FE81F9DFFE1FEB27" box="[304,395,1604,1630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FDD0F9DFFCD2EB24" box="[609,838,1604,1630]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tsitsikammaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FDD0F9DFFDFBEB24" box="[609,623,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FDCEF9DFFCD2EB24" box="[639,838,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tsitsikammaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC30F9DFFB89EB24" box="[897,1053,1604,1630]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC30F9DFFC04EB24" box="[897,912,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC11F9DFFB89EB24" box="[928,1053,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">algoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having much larger megascleres ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FE05F9F7FD0CEBFC" box="[436,664,1644,1670]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tsitsikammaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FE05F9F7FE57EBFC" box="[436,451,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FE63F9F7FD0CEBFC" box="[466,664,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tsitsikammaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
348 (307–403) x 7.32 (7.2–9.6) m;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FBEBF9F7FB61EBFC" box="[1114,1269,1644,1670]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FBEBF9F7FBFDEBFC" box="[1114,1129,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FBC9F9F7FB61EBFC" box="[1144,1269,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">algoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
328 (307–355)
|
||
<date id="FFA67EFFFFFEFFD5FE3AF90FFE24EBD7" box="[395,432,1684,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">x 9</date>
|
||
(7.2–9.6) m), and in that the strongyles tapper off or becomes narrow on one side, a character not previously recorded in the strongyles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FBB4F927FB54EBAC" box="[1029,1216,1724,1749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FBB4F927FB54EBAC" box="[1029,1216,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFFEFFD4FE89F97FFC4BECAF" blockId="8.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1325,284,830]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The ectosome also differ in the structure of the paratangential layer between the three South African species; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FD8EF897FD4FEA5C" box="[575,731,1804,1829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FD8EF897FD4FEA5C" box="[575,731,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. algoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ectosome is composed of a loose feltwork of paratangential strongyles; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FDD1F8AFFCD2EA34" box="[608,838,1844,1869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tsitsikammaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FDD1F8AFFCD2EA34" box="[608,838,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tsitsikammaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFEFFD5FC33F8AFFB8BEA34" box="[898,1055,1844,1869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFEFFD5FC33F8AFFB8BEA34" box="[898,1055,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. algoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ectosome is dense and interlocking differing only in the presence of a clear subectosomal mesohyl layer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFFFFD4FAA5FE87FE11EC24" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFFFFD4FAA5FE87FE11EC24" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. algoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above discussion).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFFFFD4FD15FEDFFC67EC24" box="[676,1011,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aliwaliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFFFFD4FD15FEDFFC67EC24" box="[676,1011,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Strongylodesma aliwaliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F3956FFFFFFD4FBB3FEDFFBC9EC27" box="[1026,1117,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is very similar to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFFFFD4FE36FEF7FD85ECFC" box="[391,529,364,389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFFFFD4FE36FEF7FD85ECFC" box="[391,529,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field, with areolate porefields, a soft, inflated, compressible texture, and a typical dark pigmentation. It is only at the histological level that the genus and this species are distinguishable, by a lack of microscleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7583FFFFFFFD4FE89FE7FFDC8EE47" blockId="9.[264,1325,284,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFFFFD4FE7BFE7FFD73EC87" authority="Levi (1969)" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1969" box="[458,743,484,510]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="areolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFFFFD4FE7BFE7FFDD9EC84" box="[458,589,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. areolata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8925CEFFFFFFD4FDE8FE7FFD73EC87" author="Levi" box="[601,743,484,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="11" refString="Levi, C. (1969) Spongiaires du Vema Seamount (Atlantique Sud). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 2 serie 41 (4), 952 - 973." type="journal article" year="1969">Lévi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the two South African species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFFFFD4FB79FE7FFEFEEF5C" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFFFFD4FB79FE7FFEFEEF5C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at least four more undescribed species are known to exist worldwide (Samaai
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFFFFD4FAA4FD97FE8AEF34" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., in prep): there is one new species each known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F18AFFFFFFFD4FC11FDAFFBC2EF37" box="[928,1110,564,590]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8925CEFFFFFFD4FBD7FDAFFB7FEF37" author="Levi" box="[1126,1259,564,590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="11" refString="Levi, C. (1998) Sponges of the New Caledonia lagoon. (ORSTOM, collection Faune et Flore tropicales. Volume 33: Paris), 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="1998">Lévi, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F18AFFFFFFFD4FE85FDC7FD81EF0F" box="[308,533,604,630]" name="Tonga" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kingdom of Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Michelle Kelly, per. comm. 2002), and the genus is thought to be represented by two species in the west tropical Atlantic (see Samaai and Kelly, 2002; Samaai, 2002). These latter were previously considered to be species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFFFFD4FB36FD37FE34EF97" authority="Van Soest, 1996" authorityName="Van Soest" authorityYear="1996" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Batzella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFFFFD4FB36FD37FB7CEFBC" box="[1159,1256,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Batzella</emphasis>
|
||
(Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8925CEFFFFFFD4FEB9FD4FFE03EF97" author="Soest" box="[264,407,724,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="11" refString="Soest, R. W. M VAN, Braekman, J. C., Faulkner, D. J., Hajdu, E., Harper, M. K. & Vacelet, J. (1996) The genus Batzella: a chemosystematic problem. Bulletin de l'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelle de Belgique, 66, 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The addition of further species will continue to refine the definition of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1823BCFFFFFFD4FEE7FD67FD85EE6C" box="[342,529,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Strongylodesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C842DFFFFFFD4FEE7FD67FD85EE6C" box="[342,529,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Strongylodesma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and broaden our understanding of this important genus, both biologically and geographically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |