621 lines
72 KiB
XML
621 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="6FA55F14ABFBE8207648F088A0E42F83" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191126" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41ca8c2b-ff7f-4276-b3ba-75a7cb25edbb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191126" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461123966222" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Richards, Stephen J., Oliver, Paul M., Krey, Keliopas & Tjaturadi, Burhan" docDate="2009" docId="03A83C1CFF02C304FF21FAD4FD9B7AA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02277p013.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2277" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Litoria gasconi Richards, Oliver, Krey & Tjaturadi, 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF914464FF03C303FFB6FF94FFD37F52" masterDocTitle="A new species of Litoria (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) from the foothills of the Foja Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698596358901" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="FD398C5F9CD51F7DD4F588222EE9A85A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="86C0ADDB56D22C0570E63C2EA20E1A24">
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<mods:title id="37D915BE73FBE8918F6DA811EBD35495">A new species of Litoria (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) from the foothills of the Foja Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="756BC1AD693F3980DD3B6ED079AC359A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1F7C9DB52BD093F34E93BD70240E47BD">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9E75671FEA19419C10E7EEBC6E719860">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7B9E21ABB34D399822708B1A68D3733D">Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="981B042D8DB842F76B7EB58B3CA5111A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="90BABB99896A39FC2494750610316FB7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="804BE5ECD1D7BD2BEB952FB374DA7945">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1D6AB08E9E763BB129911BD005CC5A01">Oliver, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="23DB981827995AC351F7603935F962B8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="14F5619071F7EBF513331CDA8D761F5C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9DAF878ED8993AB1C814998BBFA058DE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5C507FE5BA2F4B4758666818149291FB">Krey, Keliopas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="52D870A9940BC2443EA75C7999D32EBC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0E9925C622258F0397D2DC7C6F53DEC2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="70A65A7CD0FF20ABF9882E5B4F0712B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0DFFB468EB4CE1054A2D1C0D1ECF3D51">Tjaturadi, Burhan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="51AB1FF872A5ECF0FDB7774DF5776112">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6EB8C7F55BB78783569FB99E04D86E5B">
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<mods:title id="44EA55E841F13589209C9A07EAE70401">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C0C72D19DDE928426780B3573559C25E">
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<mods:date id="8EC97C432748A707DD0AFF6C60422511">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B8DEB6A83277C206BE1D3AF064FD7D0C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="53786438E9D3A6174FA83B97F5C7D1B6">2277</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A829D7A6DEF22DEE39C02E5F4AEA9506">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0865A65477F206CFA866D9D5AB192830">13</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="AC270508BF6B5A49164F3B8EE1C9E49B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="285ED9D660E4DFA088C62A552752596F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191126</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BCEF5F42EE1B3533F6410070CF0A2478" type="GBIF-Dataset">41ca8c2b-ff7f-4276-b3ba-75a7cb25edbb</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="58DE44698CDABAC24605E278B52670F4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1EBB4ACE0A36AAC02462C9005A88AD2D" type="Zenodo-Dep">191126</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A83C1CFF02C304FF21FAD4FD9B7AA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6226875" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6226875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A83C1CFF02C304FF21FAD4FD9B7AA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A83C1CFF02C304FF21FAD4FD9B7AA9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C31BDE81FF02C302FF21FAD4FE527A2F" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF02C302FF21FAD4FE367A08" blockId="1.[151,485,1344,1405]" box="[151,485,1344,1370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<heading id="D0F63A66FF02C302FF21FAD4FE367A08" bold="true" box="[151,485,1344,1370]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FF21FAD4FE367A08" bold="true" box="[151,485,1344,1370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF02C302FF21FAD4FE9D7A08" box="[151,334,1344,1370]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FF21FAD4FE9D7A08" bold="true" box="[151,334,1344,1370]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF02C302FEE3FAD4FE367A08" box="[341,485,1344,1370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF02C302FF21FAF7FE527A2F" blockId="1.[151,485,1344,1405]" box="[151,385,1379,1405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A918FFF02C302FF29FAF7FF387A2F" box="[159,235,1379,1405]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,256,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,429,1398]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[157,1442,429,1406]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of holotype MZB Amph. 15839 of Litoria gasconi sp. nov. (scale = 10 mm), (C) lateral view of head of holotype MZB Amph. 15839 (scale = 5 mm), (D) paratype MZB amph 12036 (SJR 9805) in life showing bilobed dermal fold below vent and orange thigh and axillary colourations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191127/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D, 2B, 3)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BDE81FF02C302FF21FA24FE0379DC" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF02C302FF21FA24FED97913" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FF21FA24FEC37A98" bold="true" box="[151,272,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF02C302FF21FA24FED87A98" box="[151,267,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1015CFFF02C302FEAEFA24FE8B7A98" box="[280,344,1456,1482]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
Amph. 15839 (FN SJR 6018), adult male, calling at time of collection (
|
||
<date id="FFBFABCAFF02C302FB1EFA24FA967A98" box="[1192,1349,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2004-07-16">16 July 2004</date>
|
||
), tissue preserved in 70% ethanol, camp near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF02C302FDFAFA4EFC967AA6" authority="Valen Village" authorityName="Valen Village" box="[588,837,1498,1524]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina Valen Village</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF02C302FCE2FA4EFC377AA6" box="[852,996,1495,1524]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" value="-2.3705">02o22.230'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF02C302FC59FA4EFB5D7AA6" box="[1007,1166,1495,1524]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" value="138.21255">138o12.753'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF02C302FB15FA4EFB3F7AA6" box="[1187,1260,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., southern foothills of the Foja Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316CD9AFF02C302FD98F995FDAA7949" box="[558,633,1537,1563]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Papua</collectingCountry>
|
||
Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316CD9AFF02C302FCB6F995FCAF7949" box="[768,892,1537,1563]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by Stephen Richards and Burhan Tjaturadi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF02C302FF73F9D9FE0379DC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FF73F9D9FEA57935" bold="true" box="[197,374,1613,1639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Paratopotype.</emphasis>
|
||
Male, calling when collected,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1015CFFF02C302FD6DF9DAFCC8793A" box="[731,795,1614,1640]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
Amph. 15840 (FN SJR 6019), with same date, locality and collectors as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF02C302FED7F9E0FE1F79DC" box="[353,460,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BDE81FF02C302FF73F90FFB057857" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF02C302FF73F90FFB057857" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FF73F90FFE9579E7" bold="true" box="[197,326,1691,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF02C302FF73F90FFE9279E7" box="[197,321,1691,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male, calling when collected, MZB Amph. 12036 (FN SJR 9805),
|
||
<date id="FFBFABCAFF02C302FB14F90FFA4B79E7" box="[1186,1432,1691,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2005-11-17">17 November 2005</date>
|
||
, 'Kwerba Camp' (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF02C302FEEBF951FE36798D" box="[349,485,1730,1759]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" value="-2.6411166">2o38.467' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF02C302FE45F951FD40798D" box="[499,659,1730,1759]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" value="138.41527">138o24.916'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF02C302FD1EF951FD20798D" box="[680,755,1733,1759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., near Kwerba Village, southern foothills of the Foja Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316CD9AFF02C302FE95F97FFEB97857" box="[291,362,1771,1797]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Papua</collectingCountry>
|
||
Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316CD9AFF02C302FE5FF97FFD8D7857" box="[489,606,1771,1797]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by Stephen Richards and Burhan Tjaturadi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BDE81FF02C301FF73F886FC137FE0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF02C301FF73F886FC137FE0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1456,2029]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,642]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FF73F886FE9A787E" bold="true" box="[197,329,1810,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF02C302FEE7F886FDDF7879" box="[337,524,1810,1835]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FEE7F886FDDF7879" box="[337,524,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FDA3F886FDA5787E" bold="true" box="[533,630,1810,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF02C302FDA3F886FDA5787E" box="[533,630,1810,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF02C302FB84F886FB547879" box="[1074,1159,1810,1835]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF02C302FB84F886FB547879" box="[1074,1159,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of moderate size (males
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF02C302FE29F8ADFD807801" box="[415,595,1849,1875]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.045" metricValueMax="4.16" metricValueMin="3.9299999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="40.45" valueMax="41.6" valueMin="39.3">39.3–41.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), predominately green dorsal colouration interspersed with numerous yellow spots (light blue in preservative), white bilobed dermal ridge below the vent, and further ridges extending from heel to fifth toe and on the forearms, large eyes (EYE/SVL 0.12–0.15), thighs, groin and axillary spots orange in life without any trace of blue, absence of black vermiculations on thigh and venter, absence of a canthal stripe between the eye and nares, and advertisement call consisting of a single soft, distinctly pulsed chirp containing 4–6 pulses and lasting 0.02–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF01C301FCC5FF0CFC767FE0" box="[883,933,152,178]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="555" value="-0.03">0.03</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BDE81FF01C304FF73FF2AFD0B7B56" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF73FF2AFC457DD0" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF01C301FF73FF2AFE287F8A" bold="true" box="[197,507,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF01C301FE33FF2AFE257F8A" box="[389,502,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male with vocal slits and calling when collected (with measurements given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C683B8B1FF01C301FF49FF71FE867FAD" box="[255,341,229,255]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,692,716]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) for the type series of Litoria gasconi sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body moderately slender, limbs moderately short (TL/SVL 0.56), head wider than body in dorsal profile, distinct from neck (HW/SVL 0.36). Snout rounded in dorsal profile, slightly rounded but nearly truncate in lateral profile, upper jaw protruding marginally over lower jaw. Canthus rostralis slightly curved, not sharply defined, loreal region slightly concave, nares oriented anterio-laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eyes, labial region flared. Eyes large (EYE/SVL 0.15), prominent, clearly protruding in lateral and dorsal views, pupil horizontal. Tympanum clearly visible, small (TYM/SVL 0.06), approximately half diameter of eye (TYM/EYE 0.44), annulus distinct and bordered dorsally by supratympanic fold that runs from posterior corner of eye and terminates above axilla. Choanae small and circular, close to lateral edge of palate; vomerine teeth in two moderate-sized clumps medial to choanae; tongue fleshy and ovoid. Dorsal skin finely granular; ventral skin smooth on throat, coarsely granular on abdomen; a fleshy bilobed dermal ridge below vent, and dermal ridges along outside edge of tarsus and forearm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7EDD82FF01C301FF21FD20FC217D9E" box="[151,1010,692,716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF21FD20FC217D9E" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[151,1010,692,716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF01C301FF21FD20FEDB7D9E" bold="true" box="[151,264,692,716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) for the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF01C301FD44FD21FC467D9E" box="[754,917,693,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF01C301FD44FD21FC467D9E" box="[754,917,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF01C301FC2AFD20FC217D9E" box="[924,1010,692,716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FE12FD7CFBB17C06" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
MZB 15839 (SJR 6018) MZB 15840 (SJR 6019) MZB 12036 (SJR 9805)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF01C301FE12FC86FDD47C7B" box="[420,519,786,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Paratopotype
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF01C301FBFCFC86FB7B7C7B" box="[1098,1192,786,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
M M M
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FCFCFBAA7C2D" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1145,872,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SVL 39.3 40.7 41.6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FC06FBAA7CFB" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1145,914,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TL 21.9 22.6 23.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FC29FBAA7C86" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1145,957,980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">HW 14.2 13.9 15.2</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FC7CFBAA7CAD" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1145,1000,1023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">HL 13.8 13.2 12.7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FB86FBBF7B7B" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1132,1042,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">EYE 5.7 5.7 4.7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FBA9FBBF7B06" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1132,1085,1108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TYM 2.5 2.4 2.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FBFCFBBF7B2D" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1132,1128,1151]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">IN 3.9 4.1 4.2</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FB06FBBF7BFB" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1132,1170,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">EN 2.5 3.1 3.7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FB29FBBF7B86" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1132,1213,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3FD 2.4 2.3 2.3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FB7CFBBF7BAD" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1132,1256,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3FP 1.7 1.7 1.6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FA86FBBF7A7B" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1132,1298,1321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4TD 2.0 2.0 1.9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF29FAA9FBBF7A06" blockId="2.[151,1356,692,1364]" box="[159,1132,1341,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4TP 1.6 1.6 1.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF73FA0AFCB879F2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1438,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Fingers moderately long in comparison to other Papuan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF01C301FC3DFA0BFB5F7AEA" authority="Tyler 1968" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1968" box="[907,1164,1438,1464]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF01C301FC3DFA0BFC317AEA" box="[907,994,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF01C301FC45FA0AFB507AEA" author="Tyler" box="[1011,1155,1438,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" refString="Tyler, M. J. (1968) Papuan Hylid frogs of the genus Hyla. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 96, 1 - 203" type="journal article" year="1968">Tyler 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; with relative lengths III>IV>II>I; fleshy opaque webbing between all digits: in a narrow strip between I and II, and reaching to penultimate phalanx on outer edges of II and III, to third phalanx on inner edge of III, and to disc on IV. Terminal discs on all fingers prominent (3FP/3FD 0.71), with circum-marginal grooves. Nuptial pads without pigmentation and very indistinct; single indistinct unpigmented bifid subarticular tubercles present on penultimate phalanx of all fingers, and a series of additional subarticular tubercles present on IV; single indistinct ovoid inner metacarpal tubercle present at base of I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C301FF70F939FB3F78DA" blockId="2.[151,1437,1438,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Toes long in comparison to other Papuan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF01C301FD64F939FC1F7995" authority="Tyler 1968" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1968" box="[722,972,1709,1735]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF01C301FD64F939FCF77994" box="[722,804,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF01C301FC8EF939FC107995" author="Tyler" box="[824,963,1709,1735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" refString="Tyler, M. J. (1968) Papuan Hylid frogs of the genus Hyla. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 96, 1 - 203" type="journal article" year="1968">Tyler 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; relative lengths IV>III>V>II>I; with extensive fleshy opaque webbing. Web extends to discs on outer edge of II, III and inner edge of V, to penultimate phalanx on both sides of IV and inner edge of II and III, and to penultimate tubercle on I; dermal flanges extending to disc on III and IV. Discs prominent (4TP/4TD 0.80) with circum-marginal grooves; single rounded subarticular tubercles present on all digits, small ovoid metatarsal tubercle at base of toe I, series of distinct rounded ventral tubercles of varying sizes present on proximal third of femur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF01C300FF73F801FC077E21" blockId="2.[151,1437,1438,2006]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,371]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">In preservative dorsal ground colour of head, body and legs slate blue with extensive randomly scattered sky-blue spots; dorsal surfaces of fingers, and lower portions of forelimbs and toes largely unpigmented, though sometimes with small patches of blue pigment, especially on toes. Lateral surfaces slate blue heavily flecked with bluish white, lateral surfaces of head distinctly lighter than dorsal surfaces of head, edge of upper jaw with a continuous white margin from rictus to rictus, orbital bordered by a thin white ring. Ventral surfaces of body and forelimbs off-white, hind limbs slightly darker with poorly defined brown stripe along posterior edge and on to toe V; prominent dermal flange below vent grades from slate blue dorsally to white ventrally, to bordered at ventral edge by a poorly defined brown stripe.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7EDD82FF00C300FF21FA05FB717ABF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191127/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[157,1436,429,1398]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF00C300FF21FA05FB717ABF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1425,1517]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF00C300FF21FA05FEC87AFB" bold="true" box="[151,283,1425,1449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of holotype MZB Amph. 15839 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF00C300FBA0FA05FB6E7AFA" box="[1046,1213,1425,1448]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF00C300FBA0FA05FB6E7AFA" box="[1046,1213,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF00C300FB72FA05FACF7AFA" box="[1220,1308,1425,1449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF00C300FB72FA05FAC67AFB" bold="true" box="[1220,1301,1425,1449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(scale = 10 mm), (C) lateral view of head of holotype MZB Amph. 15839 (scale = 5 mm), (D) paratype MZB amph 12036 (SJR 9805) in life showing bilobed dermal fold below vent and orange thigh and axillary colourations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF00C300FF73F98FFABD7816" blockId="3.[151,1437,1563,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF00C300FF73F98FFE907967" bold="true" box="[197,323,1563,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
All
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF00C300FEC8F988FE6D7964" box="[382,446,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are very similar in overall proportions to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF00C300FC59F988FB8E7964" box="[1007,1117,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; summary meristic data is given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C683B8B1FF00C300FF48F9D6FE85790E" box="[254,342,1602,1628]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,692,716]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) for the type series of Litoria gasconi sp. nov." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and key ratios are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C683B8B1FF00C300FD28F9D6FD2A790E" box="[670,761,1602,1628]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,241,460,484]" captionText="TABLE 2. Average and range (in parentheses) of key measurements (in mm) and proportions for Litoria gasconi sp. nov. and Litoria multplica." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Paratopotype MZB Amph. 15840 (SJR 6019) is missing most of the second finger on the left hand. Colouration in preservative is highly consistent, the dorsal surfaces are always slate blue with extensive sky blue spotting, ventral and hidden surfaces are off-white except for thin brown stripes below the venter and along the posterior ventral edge of the tarsus, and all specimens also possess a distinctive white dermal flange below the vent, and a further white lateral dermal flange extending from the heel to the fifth toe. All
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF00C300FDAEF890FD85784C" box="[536,598,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are males that were calling when collected, but lack obvious pigmented nuptial pads and further collecting may reveal this to be an additional diagnostic character for the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF00C307FF73F8C5FDC57EC8" blockId="3.[151,1437,1563,2015]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,410]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF00C300FF73F8C5FE667839" bold="true" box="[197,437,1873,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Appearance in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Typical colouration in life is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A918FFF00C300FC3AF8C5FC207839" box="[908,1011,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,197,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[180,1408,197,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paratopotype of Litoria gasconi sp. nov. MZB Amph. 15840 (SJR 6019) (top) photographed in life at night, note distinct dermal folds on posterior edge of forearm, and Litoria multiplica (bottom) Tualapa, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, in life, note black ventral patches and blue groin and thighs. All photographs by S. J. Richards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191128/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
. The following description is based on colour photographs of all three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF00C300FD98F8ECFDB378C0" box="[558,608,1912,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens. Colour pattern is highly consistent: dorsum mottled bright leaf green, densely flecked with small indistinct tiny yellowish dots, and much larger, scattered and indistinctly edged yellow spots of varying size; lateral surfaces grading from heavily mottled with green and yellow dorsolaterally, to mottled green and white ventrolaterally; venter white. Small amount of brown blotching present in subocular region of paratopotype MZB Amph. 15840 (SJR 6019). Exposed dorsal and lateral surfaces of arms and legs mottled green and yellow, with scattered large yellow spots as on dorsum; hidden parts of groin, thighs and axillary region bright orange. Toes and fingers predominately white with some scattered green patches on dorsal surface of outer digits. Crenulated dermal flanges on arm and tarsus white; bilobed dermal ridge and scattered tubercles below vent and thighs white.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FBD5FECDFB587E21" box="[1123,1163,345,371]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iris">Iris</taxonomicName>
|
||
white with fine brown vermiculations, pupil horizontal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7EDD82FF07C307FF21FE58FE657D55" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF07C307FF21FE58FE657D55" blockId="4.[151,1436,460,996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FF21FE58FEDF7EB6" bold="true" box="[151,268,460,484]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Average and range (in parentheses) of key measurements (in mm) and proportions for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FB7AFE59FAA77EB6" box="[1228,1396,461,484]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FB7AFE59FAA77EB6" box="[1228,1396,461,484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FACAFE58FF157D55" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF07C307FACAFE58FF157D55" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FF4FFE64FE7C7D55" box="[249,431,496,519]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FF4FFE64FE7C7D55" box="[249,431,496,519]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Litoria multplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF07C307FE3FFDB6FAF37D6B" blockId="4.[151,1436,460,996]" box="[393,1312,546,570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FE3FFDB6FE2B7D6B" box="[393,504,546,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FE3FFDB6FE2B7D6B" box="[393,504,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FE49FDB6FD867D68" bold="true" box="[511,597,546,570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF07C307FE49FDB6FD867D68" box="[511,597,546,570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FD52FDB6FCBF7D6B" box="[740,876,546,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FD52FDB6FCBF7D6B" box="[740,876,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. multiplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FB80FDB6FB6C7D6B" box="[1078,1215,546,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FB80FDB6FB6C7D6B" box="[1078,1215,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. multiplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF07C307FE3FFDD9FBBE7D36" blockId="4.[151,1436,460,996]" box="[393,1133,589,612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n = 3 n = 22 n = 8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF07C307FF29FDECFB3B7CB6" blockId="4.[151,1436,460,996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SVL 40.5 (39.3–41.6) 36.4 (31.1–38.9) 41.9 (37.65–47.1) TL 22.6 (21.9–23.4) 20.3 (16.4–21.9) 24.0 (20.4–27.4) HL 13.2 (12.7–13.8) 11.3 (9.5–12.8) 12.3 (10.2–14.3) HW 14.5 (13.9–15.2) 12.1 (9.8–14.0) 13.5 (11.7–15.9) EYE 5.5 (5.0–5.7) 3.9 (3.3–4.4) 3.9 (3.4–4.2) HW/SVL 0.36 (0.34–0.37) 0.33 (0.30–0.37) 0.32 (0.29–0.34) HL/SVL 0.33 (0.31–0.35) 0.31 (0.29–0.33) 0.29 (0.27–0.32) TL/SVL 0.56 (0.56–0.56) 0.56 (0.53–0.58) 0.57 (0.54–0.62) EYE/SVL 0.13 (0.12–0.15) 0.11 (0.09–0.13) 0.09 (0.08–0.10)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF07C307FF73FBBAFC387AF6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1070,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FF73FBBAFE187B1A" bold="true" box="[197,459,1070,1096]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
Thirty-one calls produced by
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF07C307FCF9FBBAFC6F7B1A" box="[847,956,1070,1096]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MZB Amph. 15840 (SJR 6019) were recorded and analysed. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF07C307FE50FBC1FD9D7B3D" box="[486,590,1109,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF07C307FD3FFBC1FD3C7B3D" box="[649,751,1109,1135]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MZB Amph. 12036 (SJR 9805) produced calls that were indistinguishable to the ear, but recordings were of insufficient quality for detailed analysis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FB45FBE8FAA37BC7" box="[1267,1392,1148,1173]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FB45FBE8FAA37BC7" box="[1267,1392,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF07C307FACEFBEFFF197BEE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FACEFBEFFF107BEE" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
produced two distinct call
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF07C307FDBBFB36FD9D7BEE" box="[525,590,1186,1212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, herein referred to as ‘short’ calls and ‘long’ calls. Twenty-seven of the 31 calls (87.1%) are ‘short calls’, and 4 are ‘long’ calls. ‘Short’ calls were produced on average every
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF07C307FAF3FB5DFAAF7BB1" box="[1349,1404,1225,1251]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="5555" value="-9.6">9.6 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(n = 27, range = 4.3–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF07C307FEC4FB64FE767A58" box="[370,421,1264,1290]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="5555" value="-23.7">23.7</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s, SD = 3.72) and they were all structurally similar, consisting of a single sharp chirp lasting just 0.019–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF07C307FEC4FA82FE667A62" box="[370,437,1302,1328]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="55" value="-0.03">0.030</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (n = 27, mean =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF07C307FD2FFA82FD227A62" box="[665,753,1302,1328]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="55" value="-0.024">0.024 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, SD = 0.003) and having a dominant frequency of 1520– 1890 Hz (n = 27, mean = 1750 Hz, SD = 67). Pulsed structure within these extremely short calls was not evident in the field, but analyses revealed that each call contains 4–6 pulses (n = 27, mean = 5.3, SD = 0.6) produced at a rate of 153.3–216.2/s (n = 27, mean = 200.5/s, SD = 12.9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF07C307FF73FA25FB1B7852" blockId="4.[151,1437,1070,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
‘Long’ calls were produced less frequently than ‘short’ calls and were usually uttered in response to the call of a nearby male, suggesting a territorial rather than a mate attracting function. Length of ‘long’ calls was extremely variable (0.046–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE35EBCDFF07C307FE61FA6AFDC9794A" box="[471,538,1534,1560]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="55" value="-0.146">0.146</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s, SD = 0.05, n = 4) but 3 of these calls had pulse rates within the range of short calls (i.e. 187–193/s) indicating that the frogs are simply adding pulses to their calls at the same rate to produce ‘territorial’ calls. A consequence of their longer duration is that in the field these calls sounded distinctly (albeit finely) pulsed to the ear. One ‘long’ call produced by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF07C307FBBEF9E6FBBD79DE" box="[1032,1134,1650,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
had a much slower pulse rate than all other calls (120/s) and the highest number of pulses (18). Similar calls were heard in the field, again predominantly in response to calls of nearby males, and were often produced in couplets or triplets producing a soft ‘bleating’ effect. Typical ‘short’ and ‘long’ calls are illustrated in Figure 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF07C305FF7BF899FD9C7C56" blockId="4.[151,1437,1070,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,639,772]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FF7BF899FEA47875" bold="true" box="[205,375,1805,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
. The combination of medium size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF07C307FC9EF899FC0D7875" box="[808,990,1805,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.045" metricValueMax="4.16" metricValueMin="3.9299999999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="40.45" valueMax="41.6" valueMin="39.3">39.3–41.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), green dorsal colouration with large yellow spots, and white dermal ridges on the forelimbs, hindlimbs and below the vent will readily distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FF21F8CFFE9E7826" box="[151,333,1883,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FF21F8CFFE9E7826" box="[151,333,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FEE2F8CEFE607826" bold="true" box="[340,435,1882,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF07C307FEE2F8CEFE607826" box="[340,435,1882,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FD94F8CFFDA77826" box="[546,628,1883,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FD94F8CFFDA77826" box="[546,628,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FD67F8CFFCB47826" box="[721,871,1883,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FD67F8CFFCB47826" box="[721,871,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. multiplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FCC1F8CFFBFE7826" box="[887,1069,1883,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FCC1F8CFFBFE7826" box="[887,1069,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF07C307FB7DF8CFFA4F7826" box="[1227,1436,1883,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF07C307FB7DF8CFFA4F7826" box="[1227,1436,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Litoria multiplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking extensive dark markings on the groin, venter and lateral surfaces, in having bright orange groin, thigh and axillary colouration (as opposed to bright blue, or orange mixed with bright blue, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A918FFF07C307FABEF83CFABD7890" box="[1288,1390,1960,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,197,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[180,1408,197,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paratopotype of Litoria gasconi sp. nov. MZB Amph. 15840 (SJR 6019) (top) photographed in life at night, note distinct dermal folds on posterior edge of forearm, and Litoria multiplica (bottom) Tualapa, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, in life, note black ventral patches and blue groin and thighs. All photographs by S. J. Richards." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191128/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), in being on average slightly larger, and in having proportionally larger eyes (see summary of meristic and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FF21FDEBFECD7DC5" bold="true" box="[151,286,639,663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Wave form (top) and spectrogram (bottom) of A) advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF05C305FBF2FD14FB3C7DC5" box="[1092,1263,640,663]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FBF2FD14FB3C7DC5" box="[1092,1263,640,663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF05C305FB41FDEBFA837DC4" box="[1271,1360,639,663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FB41FDEBFAC27DC5" bold="true" box="[1271,1297,639,663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FA96FDEBFA9A7DC5" bold="true" box="[1312,1353,639,663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MZB Amph. 15840), B) ‘territorial’ call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF05C305FD9CFD36FD1D7DEB" box="[554,718,674,697]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FD9CFD36FD1D7DEB" box="[554,718,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF05C305FD63FD36FCF87DEB" box="[725,811,674,698]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FD63FD36FCF77DE8" bold="true" box="[725,804,674,698]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MZB Amph. 15840), both recorded at an air temperature of 23 o C, and C) two components of the biphasic '
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA33A8FF05C305FD77FD53FD297D8C" box="[705,762,711,734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
1' advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF05C305FBB9FD5CFB077D8D" box="[1039,1236,712,735]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FBB9FD5CFB077D8D" box="[1039,1236,712,735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Litoria multiplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAMA R64644) recorded at an air temperature of 20.5 o C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7EDD82FF06C306FF21F8E6FF2E78A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191128/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[180,1405,197,1880]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF06C306FF21F8E6FF2E78A3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1906,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF06C306FF21F8E6FEC178D8" bold="true" box="[151,274,1906,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratopotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF06C306FE79F8E6FDA078DB" box="[463,627,1906,1929]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF06C306FE79F8E6FDA078DB" box="[463,627,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF06C306FDCFF8E6FD1D78D8" bold="true" box="[633,718,1906,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF06C306FDCFF8E6FD1D78D8" box="[633,718,1906,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZB Amph. 15840 (SJR 6019) (top) photographed in life at night, note distinct dermal folds on posterior edge of forearm, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF06C306FC9BF801FC3C78FE" box="[813,1007,1941,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF06C306FC9BF801FC3C78FE" box="[813,1007,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Litoria multiplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(bottom) Tualapa, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, in life, note black ventral patches and blue groin and thighs. All photographs by S. J. Richards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7EDD82FF05C305FF21F82DFE9578A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191129/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[418,1167,826,1953]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF05C305FF21F82DFE9578A1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1977,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FF21F82DFEC07883" bold="true" box="[151,275,1977,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. Primary foothill rainforest around
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF05C305FD24F82DFCA97882" authority="Valen Village" authorityName="Valen Village" box="[658,890,1977,2000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina Valen Village</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Papua Province Indonesia, type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF05C305FAE4F82DFF3978A1" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF05C305FAE4F82DFF3978A1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF05C305FF46F84FFE9578A1" box="[240,326,2011,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF04C304FF21FF0CFB3B7E74" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
mensural comparisons in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C683B8B1FF04C304FE7CFF0CFDF57FE0" box="[458,550,152,178]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,241,460,484]" captionText="TABLE 2. Average and range (in parentheses) of key measurements (in mm) and proportions for Litoria gasconi sp. nov. and Litoria multplica." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FCC0FF0CFC207FE3" box="[886,1011,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FCC0FF0CFC207FE3" box="[886,1011,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FC4DFF03FB897FE3" bold="true" box="[1019,1114,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF04C304FC4DFF03FB897FE3" box="[1019,1114,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is also distinctly different, consisting of a single short but distinctly pulsed note (see ‘advertisement call’ above), while that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FA32FF2BFEDD7FAC" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FA32FF2BFEDD7FAC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. multiplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of a very loud 2-note call with a pulse rate that is much slower than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FB40FF71FAA27FAC" box="[1270,1393,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FB40FF71FAA27FAC" box="[1270,1393,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF04C304FACFFF71FF197E74" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FACFFF71FF107E77" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(30–47/s vs 153–216/s). A brief description of the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FCC2FE98FBDA7E77" box="[884,1033,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FCC2FE98FBDA7E77" box="[884,1033,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. multiplica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is provided below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF04C304FF73FEA6FD0B7B56" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
There are a number of other predominately green, medium-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FC71FEA6FBCA7E19" box="[967,1049,306,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FC71FEA6FBCA7E19" box="[967,1049,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316CD9AFF04C304FB7CFEA6FACC7E1E" box="[1226,1311,306,332]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
that could be superficially confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FDB4FECDFDAF7E20" box="[514,636,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FDB4FECDFDAF7E20" box="[514,636,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FD32FECCFD317E20" bold="true" box="[644,738,344,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF04C304FD32FECCFD317E20" box="[644,738,344,370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FD5CFECDFC0F7E20" box="[746,988,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wapogaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FD5CFECDFC0F7E20" box="[746,988,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria wapogaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FBA3FECDFAC97E20" box="[1045,1306,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="christianbergmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FBA3FECDFAC97E20" box="[1045,1306,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. christianbergmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FF21FE14FECA7ECB" box="[151,281,384,409]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FF21FE14FECA7ECB" box="[151,281,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FE94FEEBFE567ECB" bold="true" box="[290,389,383,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF04C304FE94FEEBFE567ECB" box="[290,389,383,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinct white dermal ridges below the vent and extending along the arms and legs. However these species are much smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF04C304FD37FE32FC9B7E92" box="[641,840,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9899999999999998" metricValueMax="3.29" metricValueMin="2.69" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="29.9" valueMax="32.9" valueMin="26.9">26.9 to 32.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and the former can be further distinguished by its purplish brown thighs and the latter by its dark brown thighs and golden
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FBADFE59FB917EB5" box="[1051,1090,461,487]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iris">iris</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF04C304FB32FE59FAE17EB5" author="Gunther" box="[1156,1330,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Gunther, R. (2008) Two new hylid treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae: Litoria) from western New Guinea. Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 54, 163 - 175." type="journal article" year="2008">Günther 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FAF1FE59FF317D5F" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elkeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FAF1FE59FF317D5F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria elkeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FD92FE60FD6E7D5F" box="[548,701,500,525]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FD92FE60FD6E7D5F" box="[548,701,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. gracilenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FD4EFE60FCAF7D5F" box="[760,892,500,525]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aruensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FD4EFE60FCAF7D5F" box="[760,892,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. aruensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF04C304FB93FE60FA947D5C" author="Menzies" box="[1061,1351,500,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Menzies, J. I. & Tyler, M. J. (2004) Litoria gracilenta (Anura: Hylidae) and related species in New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology, 52, 191 - 214." type="journal article" year="2004">Menzies and Tyler 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are of similar size, although generally slightly smaller (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF04C304FD60FD8EFC2B7D66" author="Menzies" box="[726,1016,538,564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Menzies, J. I. & Tyler, M. J. (2004) Litoria gracilenta (Anura: Hylidae) and related species in New Guinea. Australian Journal of Zoology, 52, 191 - 214." type="journal article" year="2004">Menzies and Tyler 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and can be spotted, but are readily distinguished by possession of a pale canthal stripe and absence of a prominent white dermal ridge around the vent and on the fore and hindlimbs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FDE2FDFCFCEE7DD3" box="[596,829,616,641]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="singadanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FDE2FDFCFCEE7DD3" box="[596,829,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria singadanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by it’s transparent tympanic membrane (Richards 2005),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FE53FD1BFDAD7DFA" box="[485,638,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FE53FD1BFDAD7DFA" box="[485,638,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria verae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its more extensively developed crenulated fold on the outer edge of the limbs, greenish brown and finely tubercular (vs smooth) dorsum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF04C304FC45FD21FB487D9D" author="Gunther" box="[1011,1179,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Gunther, R (2004) Two new treefrog species of the genus Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from the west of New Guinea. Zoologische Abhandlungen, 54, 163 - 175." type="journal article" year="2004">Günther 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FB53FD21FA487D9C" box="[1253,1435,693,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FB53FD21FA487D9C" box="[1253,1435,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria rubrops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its red eye and lack of a dermal fold below the vent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF04C304FCEDFD48FB5C7DA4" author="Kraus" box="[859,1167,732,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Kraus, A & Allison, A (2004) A new species of Litoria from southeastern New Guinea. Herpetologia, 60, 97 - 103." type="journal article" year="2004">Kraus and Allison 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Frogs of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FAF3FD48FED87C49" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FAF3FD48FED87C49" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FEDAFC96FE267C49" box="[364,501,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dux">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FEDAFC96FE267C49" box="[364,501,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria dux</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FDB3FC96FD057C49" box="[517,726,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FDB3FC96FD057C49" box="[517,726,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FD50FC96FC6B7C49" box="[742,952,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huntorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FD50FC96FC6B7C49" box="[742,952,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria huntorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FC43FC96FB7F7C49" box="[1013,1196,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauroni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FC43FC96FB7F7C49" box="[1013,1196,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria sauroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are predominately green but are easily distinguished by their much larger size (male SVL>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF04C304FBA3FCBDFBBC7C11" box="[1045,1135,809,835]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and lack of both dorsal spotting and a bilobed dermal ridge below the vent (Richards
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FCC5FCC4FC747C3B" box="[883,935,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006, Richards and Oliver 2006).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FAFCFCC4FF3A7CC2" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FAFCFCC4FF3A7CC2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria mystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FF4EFCE3FE427CC2" box="[248,401,887,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolabris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FF4EFCE3FE427CC2" box="[248,401,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. albolabris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FE17FCE3FDEA7CC2" box="[417,569,887,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FE17FCE3FDEA7CC2" box="[417,569,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. umarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and New Guinean members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FC57FCE3FB437CC2" box="[993,1168,887,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FC57FCE3FB437CC2" box="[993,1168,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FB59FCE3FAA77CC2" box="[1263,1396,887,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bibonius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FB59FCE3FAA77CC2" box="[1263,1396,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. bibonius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FA32FCE3FEF27CE4" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="contrastens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FA32FCE3FEF27CE4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. contrastens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FE86FC09FE0A7CE4" box="[304,473,925,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chloristona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FE86FC09FE0A7CE4" box="[304,473,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. chloristona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FE5FFC09FCEB7CE4" box="[489,824,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FE5FFC09FD5F7CE4" box="[489,652,925,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eurynastes">L. eurynastes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FD2FFC09FCEB7CE4" box="[665,824,925,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lodesdema">L. lodesdema</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FCCAFC09FBD27CE4" box="[892,1025,925,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viranula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FCCAFC09FBD27CE4" box="[892,1025,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. viranula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), are predominantly green but are much smaller than the new species (male SVL <
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF04C304FD64FC50FCF57C8C" box="[722,806,964,990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and again lack a bilobed dermal ridge below the vent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF04C304FF28FC7EFEF17B56" author="Tyler" box="[158,290,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Tyler, M. J. (1968) Papuan Hylid frogs of the genus Hyla. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 96, 1 - 203" type="journal article" year="1968">Tyler 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF04C304FE98FC7EFE077B56" author="Gunther" box="[302,468,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Gunther, R (2004) Two new treefrog species of the genus Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from the west of New Guinea. Zoologische Abhandlungen, 54, 163 - 175." type="journal article" year="2004">Gunther 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90F0FBFF04C304FE69FC7EFD1F7B56" author="Menzies" box="[479,716,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Menzies, J. I., Richards, S. J. & Tyler, M. J. (2008) Systematics of the Australo-Papuan tree frogs known as Litoria bicolor (Anura: Hylidae) in the Papuan Region. Australian Journal of Zoology, 56, 257 - 280." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Menzies
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FDFCFC7EFDAE7B51" box="[586,637,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BDE81FF04C304FF73FB84FB497AD5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF04C304FF73FB84FB497AD5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FF73FB84FD527B78" bold="true" box="[197,641,1040,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution and Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from two sites in the vicinity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FB76FB85FE8D7B00" authority="Valen and Kwerba Villages" authorityName="Valen and Kwerba Villages" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina Valen and Kwerba Villages</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the southern foothills of the Foja Mountain Range,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316CD9AFF04C304FC56FBACFBFB7B00" box="[992,1064,1080,1106]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Papua</collectingCountry>
|
||
Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316CD9AFF04C304FB13FBACFAC47B00" box="[1189,1303,1080,1106]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A918FFF04C304FA90FBACFA5D7B00" box="[1318,1422,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[418,1167,826,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[414,1172,826,1953]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Primary foothill rainforest around Marina Valen Village, Papua Province Indonesia, type locality of Litoria gasconi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191129/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). All specimens were collected in relatively undisturbed hill forest on steep ridges between 200 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF04C304FAA2FBCAFA8D7B2A" box="[1300,1374,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A918FFF04C304FF29FB11FEDA7BCD" box="[159,265,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,622,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,619,1460]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map of New Guinea showing the known distribution of Litoria gasconi sp. nov. and Litoria multiplica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191130/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FE97FB11FE087BCC" box="[289,475,1157,1182]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gasconi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FE97FB11FE087BCC" box="[289,475,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria gasconi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FE55FB11FD907BCD" bold="true" box="[483,579,1157,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246EC63FF04C304FE55FB11FD907BCD" box="[483,579,1157,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was not found at higher elevations despite intensive searches between
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF04C304FF21FB38FF3D7B94" box="[151,238,1196,1222]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF04C304FE91FB38FEAC7B94" box="[295,383,1196,1222]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
over a 2-week period, and further searches at similar altitudes over a three week period in 2008. Males were detected by their very soft calls, uttered from large leaves on low shrubs or tree branches between 1 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF920EFFF04C304FEE2FB6DFE577A41" box="[340,388,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground. They were found only along two streams that formed a series of shallow, disconnected pools and seeps. This species was never seen or heard in the vicinity of clear, flowing streams, or around temporary or permanent forest pools. Two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FB9EFAD3FBAA7A32" box="[1064,1145,1351,1376]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FB9EFAD3FBAA7A32" box="[1064,1145,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01F689FF04C304FB3EFAD3FA877A32" box="[1160,1364,1351,1376]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humboldtorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FB3EFAD3FA877A32" box="[1160,1364,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. humboldtorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FA3AFAD3FA4F7A32" box="[1420,1436,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
|
||
c.f.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FF72FAF9FEB07AD4" box="[196,355,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">genimaculata</emphasis>
|
||
, were detected in microsympatry along the same intermittent streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BDE81FF04C304FF73FA07FD9B7AA9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE8D0AFF04C304FF73FA07FD9B7AA9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9755118FF04C304FF73FA07FE987AFF" bold="true" box="[197,331,1427,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species is named for Claude Gascon of Conservation International, in gratitude for his support of our amphibian research in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316CD9AFF04C304FD63FA2EFCE37A86" box="[725,816,1466,1492]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and in recognition of his long involvement in the conservation of amphibians globally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |