155 lines
19 KiB
XML
155 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="90EE533880C784FB9B707DCDBB69FD3F" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2019-0013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5386203" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630303095841" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R. & Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard" docDate="2019" docId="0396DC10BF39C234CE20B1BFE4F21BD5" docLanguage="en" docName="2_Friis.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 75 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2019-0013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eckhartianthus lusitanicus E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="208" masterDocId="FFAFA468BF0FC203CD58B635E7781C51" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community" masterLastPageNumber="257" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="207" updateTime="1699221227565" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="B8424111E4EA263AD1E4D5AF541F9A96">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="56A12BE0AF04E86F1548196A246E4F6A">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09F9DA741F212CD21954FE49C6B469F0">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E43242CA53585E10C480CEA89BF15843">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="85DF2A8D3E8B886A98014769797F6743">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9DE7C9AF8FCCA65515A762D285718ED2">2019</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF39C235CE20B1BFE26D1B92" blockId="54.[888,1436,1930,1987]" pageId="54" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF39C235CE20B1BFE26D1B92" bold="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="207">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF39C235CE20B1BFE3C11B93" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="54" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lusitanicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF39C235CE20B1BFE3DB1BF3" bold="true" box="[888,1187,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="207">Eckhartianthus lusitanicus</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2780C6FBF39C235C998B19EE26D1B92" box="[1216,1301,1963,1987]" pageId="54" pageNumber="207" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF39C235C962B1F9E3A21BB5" blockId="54.[1082,1242,1996,2020]" box="[1082,1242,1996,2020]" pageId="54" pageNumber="207">
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF39C235C962B1F9E3A21BB5" box="[1082,1242,1996,2020]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="56.[147,228,1361,1382]" captionTargetBox="[149,1463,151,1339]" captionTargetId="figure-298@56.[667,1466,151,953]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Text-fig. 36. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of flower of Eckhartianthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; oblique lateral view of hypogynous flower showing perianth surrounding the stamens and protruding gynoecium; b–d) Pollen from the flower in (a) showing single distal aperture and reticulate exine with thick muri, small lumina and short, densely spaced columellae; e) Reticulum showing thick, smooth muri supported by numerous short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer. Specimen, TV39-S101306 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386324/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="207">Text-fig. 36a–e</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3253E8DBF39C234CE29B1C9E4F21BD5" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="54" pageNumber="207" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF39C235CE29B1C9E3B11465" blockId="54.[843,1482,2043,2100]" pageId="54" pageNumber="207">
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H o l o t y p e. Designated here. S101306 (Torres Vedras sample 39; figured
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF39C235C940BE29E3C51465" box="[1048,1213,2076,2100]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="56.[147,228,1361,1382]" captionTargetBox="[149,1463,151,1339]" captionTargetId="figure-298@56.[667,1466,151,953]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Text-fig. 36. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of flower of Eckhartianthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; oblique lateral view of hypogynous flower showing perianth surrounding the stamens and protruding gynoecium; b–d) Pollen from the flower in (a) showing single distal aperture and reticulate exine with thick muri, small lumina and short, densely spaced columellae; e) Reticulum showing thick, smooth muri supported by numerous short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer. Specimen, TV39-S101306 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386324/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="207">Text-fig. 36a–e</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF403D8EBF38C234CD25B21CE24B18E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5386320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386320/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" startId="55.[125,202,1065,1086]" targetBox="[128,1440,151,1042]" targetPageId="55">
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CD25B21CE24B18E2" blockId="55.[125,1441,1065,1203]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">
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Text-fig. 35. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a fruit of
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF38C234CE7DB21CE4E5186F" bold="true" box="[805,925,1065,1086]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Pennicarpus</emphasis>
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sp. and monocolpate pollen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF38C234C994B21CE220186F" box="[1228,1368,1065,1086]" class="Liliopsida" genus="Pennipollis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF38C234C994B21CE24F186F" bold="true" box="[1228,1335,1065,1086]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Pennipollis</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fruit of
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF38C234CFF0B273E458180A" bold="true" box="[680,800,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Pennicarpus</emphasis>
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sp. showing the poorly preserved fruit wall enclosing a single seed; b) Pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure (c, d); c, d) Pollen grains showing the loose reticulum bearing small spinules that are often in two rows; note the smooth surface of the foot layer, the absence of columellae, the continuous muri bordering the apertures and spiny orbicules (arrowheads). Specimens, TV38-S174609 (a), TV44-S148015 (b–d). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CDC8B2CEE59E1943" blockId="55.[106,742,1275,1332]" box="[144,742,1275,1299]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CD32B329E6C81965" blockId="55.[106,742,1275,1332]" box="[106,432,1308,1332]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">PFN000470 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CDC8B379E63F19F7" blockId="55.[106,745,1356,1446]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">
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<materialsCitation id="3B57675BBF38C234CDC8B379E63B19F7" collectionCode="R" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" location="Palaeobotanical Collections" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stockholm">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EF5C3BF38C234CDC8B379E7DA1932" box="[144,162,1356,1379]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">R</collectionCode>
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e p o s i t o r y.
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4F77CBF38C234CF36B379E65A19D4" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Department of Palaeobiology</collectingMunicipality>
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, the
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<collectingCounty id="62E1158ABF38C234CC0EB358E59D19D4" box="[342,741,1389,1413]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Swedish Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FBA3E4BF38C234CD32B3BBE79819F7" box="[106,224,1422,1446]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3282D96BF38C234CDB3B3BBE63B19F7" box="[235,323,1422,1446]" name="Sweden" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CDC8B38AE6BD19A6" blockId="55.[106,744,1470,1527]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">
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E t y m o l o g y. From Latin: Lusitania for
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<collectingCountry id="F3282D96BF38C234CFD6B38BE5901987" box="[654,744,1470,1494]" name="Portugal" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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where the fossil was discovered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CDC8B025E5901A79" blockId="55.[106,744,1552,1609]" box="[144,744,1552,1576]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">T y p e l o c a l i t y. Torres Vedras (NE of Forte de</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CD32B004E6AD1A18" blockId="55.[106,744,1552,1609]" box="[106,469,1583,1609]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">
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Forca;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B0BC1BF38C234CDEDB01AE6451A19" box="[181,317,1583,1608]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" precision="15" seconds="13" value="39.10361">39°06′13″ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0B0BC1BF38C234CC10B01AE6B11A18" box="[328,457,1583,1609]" degrees="9" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-9.246389">9°14′47″ W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CDC8B057E7851AEA" blockId="55.[106,745,1633,1723]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. Lower member of the Almargem Formation; Early Cretaceous (late Barremianearly Aptian).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CDC8B0E1E6951ABD" blockId="55.[144,493,1747,1772]" box="[144,493,1747,1772]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">D i a g n o s i s. As for the genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CDC8B131E5911B4A" blockId="55.[106,745,1796,1853]" box="[144,745,1796,1820]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">
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D i m e n s i o n s. Length of:
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<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF38C234CC93B131E5751B4A" box="[459,525,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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; width of:
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||
<quantity id="4CC7C0E3BF38C234CFDAB131E59D1B4A" box="[642,741,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CD32B110E6861B6C" blockId="55.[106,745,1796,1853]" box="[106,510,1829,1853]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Diameter of pollen grains: 12–13 µm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CDC8B163E3301962" blockId="55.[106,745,1877,2100]" lastBlockId="55.[820,1459,1275,1716]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">
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D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF38C234CF1EB160E7A61BDF" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lusitanicus">
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<emphasis id="B94BB114BF38C234CF1EB160E7A61BDF" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Eckhartianthus lusitanicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is based on a single flower with perianth, stamens and carpels partly preserved. The base of the flower is missing and there is no information on how the flower was borne on the plant. The flower is bisexual and trimerous with three long tepals apparently in a single whorl, nine stamens and three carpels (
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<figureCitation id="13047183BF38C234CC68BE29E6C71465" box="[304,447,2076,2100]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="56.[147,228,1361,1382]" captionTargetBox="[149,1463,151,1339]" captionTargetId="figure-298@56.[667,1466,151,953]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Text-fig. 36. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of flower of Eckhartianthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; oblique lateral view of hypogynous flower showing perianth surrounding the stamens and protruding gynoecium; b–d) Pollen from the flower in (a) showing single distal aperture and reticulate exine with thick muri, small lumina and short, densely spaced columellae; e) Reticulum showing thick, smooth muri supported by numerous short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer. Specimen, TV39-S101306 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5386324/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Text-fig. 36a</figureCitation>
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). The ovary is superior and the stigma apparently sessile. Details of the arrangement of floral organ are uncertain.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CE02B30EE3281AE5" blockId="55.[820,1459,1275,1716]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">
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The stamens have long broad filaments and dithecate and tetrasporangiate anthers. The anthers are elongate, apparently with longitudinal dehiscent slits. Anthers are indehisced, and full of pollen. Small, irregular rounded orbicules line the inner wall of the anthers. Pollen grains are monocolpate, semitectate-reticulate, with heterobrochate reticulum, rounded muri and short, densely spaced columellae (Textfig. 36b–e). The colpus is long extending almost to the equator and the colpus margin is distinct and psilate (Textfig. 36c). The flower was described and figured in earlier publications (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE10F7BF38C234CE9DB049E3071AC5" author="Friis, E. M. & Pedersen, K. R. & Crane, P. R." box="[965,1151,1660,1684]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" pagination="31 - 49" refId="ref76574" refString="Friis, E. M., Pedersen, K. R., Crane, P. R. (1994 b): Angio- sperm floral structures from the Early Cretaceous of Por- tugal. - Plant Systematics and Evolution Supplement, 8: 31 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 7091 - 6910 - 0 _ 3" type="journal article" year="1994">Friis et al. 1994b</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 2006, 2010a, 2011), but not formally named until now.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B806D06BF38C234CE02B0FEE4F21BD5" blockId="55.[820,1459,1739,1924]" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">
|
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A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F1685BF38C234C816B0FEE4831B52" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Eckhartianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="55" pageNumber="208" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lusitanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BB114BF38C234C816B0FEE4831B52" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="208">Eckhartianthus lusitanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the Torres Vedras locality. The trimerous organization may suggest affinity with monocotyledons (Friis et al. 2011), but critical features needed for a definitive systematic placement are currently lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |