150 lines
18 KiB
XML
150 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2D96F7B0E738C4AEA857B4361A8DB51B">Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0768A9CFFC69257B5B13548C7904F317">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4F3D4D45C5A1AABE20933768DC3187FA">National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="128CE7F4C1B281EC78B04D73BBB23A14">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7070024031AE1216D2A453039C12937F">Randolph Quek, Z. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6174F1A1B7AB2A95D912348D1F12646F">National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5A7FFAC5CE8122C959D6C48A7FCF012A" type="email">randolphquek@u.nus.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F6196FD25953F4ADB8CFCA9837C93554">Huang, Danwei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1DAFC4A9FB39C294694FD26C81438674">National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EA397BFC57597B3EC246AB02F572CFEE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BE6628C7BD236506DC6AED1AB6610BFE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8F763BD83FE1B3DEC4D56972E1112D03">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0381104DFFCAB95AEAF0FECAF5B6FC4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10821347" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381104DFFCAB95AEAF0FECAF5B6FC4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381104DFFCAB95AEAF0FECAF5B6FC4A" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
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<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCAB95AEAF0FECAF784FEC3" box="[151,742,294,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCAB95AEAF0FECAF784FEC3" blockId="15.[151,742,294,321]" box="[151,742,294,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
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<heading id="D0DF1637FFCAB95AEAF0FECAF784FEC3" bold="true" box="[151,742,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AEAF0FECAF784FEC3" bold="true" box="[151,742,294,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCAB95AEAF0FECAF710FEC3" ID-CoL="4RW6T" authority="Norman, 1921" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,626,294,321]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AEAF0FECAF4DAFEC2" bold="true" box="[151,440,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Rhabdopleura annulata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCAB95AEBA7FECBF710FEC3" author="Norman, J. R." box="[448,626,294,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" pagination="95 - 102" refId="ref23857" refString="Norman, J. R. (1921) Rhabdopleura. British Antarctic " Terra Nova " Expedition Natural History Reports, Zoology, 4, 95 - 102." type="journal article" year="1921">Norman, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFCAB95AE8E6FECAF7BFFEC2" box="[641,733,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[201,1388,286,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-61@12.[186,1401,273,1816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Original illustrations of three described species of Rhabdopleura characterized by direct-frontal inception of ringed erect tubes (A‒C). Erect-tube inception in R. compacta (D‒F) appears to be a form of indirect erect-tube inception. Note that the direction of zooid budding is the same in A to C. A, Rhabdopleura mirabilis (from Sars 1872, pl. 1, fig. 5). B, Rhabdopleura annulata (from Norman 1921, fig. 4). C, Rhabdopleura recondita (after Beli et al. 2018, fig. 2C). D‒F, Rhabdopleura compacta (respectively after Hincks 1880, pl. 72, fig. 8; Stebbing 1970b, fig. 1; Stebbing 1970a, fig. 3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821371/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCAB95AEAF0FE83F58FFE2E" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCAB95AEAF0FE83F58FFE2E" blockId="15.[151,1437,366,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
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<materialsCitation id="3B40AB06FFCAB95AEAF0FE83F588FE2E" country="New Zealand" elevation="549" latitude="-34.4833" location="Western Three Kings Shelf" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.05" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AEAF0FE83F454FE0B" bold="true" box="[151,310,366,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
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<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFCAB95AEAF0FE83F5B0FE0A" box="[151,210,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EF7F780FFCAB95AEB59FE83F710FE0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381104DFFCAB95AEAF0FECAF5B6FC4A:8EF7F780FFCAB95AEB59FE83F710FE0A" box="[318,626,367,393]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-34.4833" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.05" name="Western Three Kings Shelf" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Western Three Kings Shelf</location>
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, northernmost
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<collectingCountry id="F33FE1CBFFCAB95AE97BFE83F6D7FE0A" box="[796,949,367,393]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFCAB95AE9A6FE83F123FE0A" box="[961,1089,367,393]" degrees="34.4833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" precision="5" value="-34.4833">34.4833° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFCAB95AEE29FE82F1BFFE0A" box="[1102,1245,366,393]" degrees="172.0500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" precision="5" value="172.05">172.0500° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="00054668FFCAB95AEE8DFE82F01AFE0A" box="[1258,1400,366,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="m" value="549.0">
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<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFCAB95AEE8DFE82F050FE0A" box="[1258,1330,366,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.49" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="m" value="549.0">549 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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on a stone
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCAB95AEAA0FE5BF40FFD06" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCAB95AEAA0FE5BF40FFD06" blockId="15.[151,1437,366,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AEAA0FE5BF401FE53" bold="true" box="[199,355,438,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Key features.</emphasis>
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||
Inception of ringed erect tubes is direct. Erect tubes arise directly from the upper surface of primary creeping tubes, having the same width/diameter (erect-tube diameter 169‒213 μm—adding together Norman’s dimensions for internal tube diameter and wall thickness between collars). Erect-tube spacing was described as variable, being close together or
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||
<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFCAB95AE876FDCFF712FDBE" box="[529,624,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3‒8 mm</quantity>
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distant from each other. Very widely transverse zigzag fusellar sutures occur on the creeping tube, with zigzag angles extending onto the flat lateral margins. Mean fusellus height was stated to be 50 μm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCAB95AEAA0FD62F5B6FC4A" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCAB95AEAA0FD62F5B6FC4A" blockId="15.[151,1437,366,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AEAA0FD62F424FD2B" bold="true" box="[199,326,654,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Comment.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCAB95AEB29FD63F750FD2A" author="Gordon, D. P. & Quek, Z. B. R. & Orr, R. J. S. & Waeschenbach, A. & Huang, D. & Strano, F. & Ramsfjell, M. H. & Liow, L. H." box="[334,562,655,681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref22167" refString="Gordon, D. P., Quek, Z. B. R., Orr, R. J. S., Waeschenbach, A., Huang, D., Strano, F., Ramsfjell, M. H. & Liow, L. H. (2023) Morphological diversity and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from the Western Pacific (Singapore and New Zealand), with implications for a re-evaluation of rhabdopleurid species diversity. Marine Biodiversity, 53 (4), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 19.1007 / s 12526 - 022 - 01310 - 3" type="journal article" year="2023">
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Gordon
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AEBCBFD63F4BDFD2A" box="[428,479,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">et al</emphasis>
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. (2023
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 3a, 6a, b) illustrated and measured a tiny part of the
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<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFCAB95AEEA1FD63F04BFD2A" box="[1222,1321,655,681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen (SEM and LM images), determining that erect tubes were 167‒200 μm diameter (mean 180 μm) between collars, with fusellus height 38‒54 μm (mean 45 μm) and zigzag angles on creeping tubes were 25‒46° (mean 34°).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCAB95AEAF0FD17F402FC96" author="Johnston, T. H." box="[151,352,763,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" pagination="105 - 107" refId="ref22614" refString="Johnston, T. H. (1937) A note on the occurrence of Rhabdopleura annulata in South Australian waters. Records of the South Australian Museum, 6, 105 - 107." type="journal article" year="1937">Johnston’s (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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||
record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCAB95AEBB5FD17F737FC96" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1921" box="[466,597,763,789]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AEBB5FD17F737FC96" box="[466,597,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">R. annulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Port Willunga, south of Adelaide,
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<collectingRegion id="49EC6FB9FFCAB95AEE73FD17F1A7FC96" box="[1044,1221,763,789]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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, was not illustrated and Shepherd (1997) did not cite the provenance of his illustrations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCAB95AE9B7FCF3F110FCBA" box="[976,1138,799,825]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AE9B7FCF3F110FCBA" box="[976,1138,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Rhabdopleura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a handbook on marine invertebrates of southern
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<collectingCountry id="F33FE1CBFFCAB95AEBDAFCAFF74AFCDE" box="[445,552,835,861]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Australia</collectingCountry>
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||
, including
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<collectingRegion id="49EC6FB9FFCAB95AE8CDFCAFF67BFCDE" box="[682,793,835,861]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
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, so no firm conclusion can be drawn on the identity of southern Australian material. Johnston stated that tube diameter was 265 μm, larger than reported for the
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<collectingCountry id="F33FE1CBFFCAB95AEF00FC8BF590FC26" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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type locality.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCAB95AEBF9FC67F66EFC26" author="Ramirez-Guerrero, G. M. & Kocot, K. M. & Cameron, C. B." box="[414,780,907,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" pagination="844 - 849" refId="ref24096" refString="Ramirez-Guerrero, G. M., Kocot, K. M. & Cameron, C. B. (2020) Zooid morphology and molecular phylogeny of the graptolite Rhabdopleura annulata (Hemichordata, Pterobranchia) from Heron Island, Australia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 98, 844 - 849. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjz- 2020 - 0049" type="journal article" year="2020">
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||
Ramírez-Guerrero
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AE81FFC67F7CCFC26" box="[632,686,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2020)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
recorded
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCAB95AE9E3FC67F16FFC26" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1921" box="[900,1037,907,933]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="annulata">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCAB95AE9E3FC67F16FFC26" box="[900,1037,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">R. annulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |