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<treatment id="03D88781FFC9FF81FF154938FD82FBC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5327586" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5327586" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D88781FFC9FF81FF154938FD82FBC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D88781FFC9FF81FF154938FD82FBC1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFC9FF83FF154938FE52F845" blockId="5.[151,476,1894,1920]" box="[151,476,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFC9FF83FF154938FE52F845" ID-CoL="6NWM" ID-ENA="6931" authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" box="[151,476,1894,1920]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFC9FF83FF154938FE52F845" bold="true" box="[151,476,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFC9FF83FF154938FF76F845" bold="true" box="[151,248,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pholcus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFC9FF83FE824938FE52F845" author="Walckenaer, C. A." box="[256,476,1894,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref54160" refString="Walckenaer, C. A. (1805) Tableau des araneides ou caracteres essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linne, avec la designation des especes comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, 88 pp." type="book" year="1805">Walckenaer, 1805</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFC9FF83FF1549EEFA9CF802" blockId="5.[151,1298,1968,2023]" box="[151,1298,1968,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6111B9FFC9FF83FF1549EEFA9CF802" box="[151,1298,1968,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD01086FFC9FF83FF1549EEFE56F802" author="Walckenaer, C. A." box="[151,472,1968,1991]" page="80" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1805">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFC9FF83FF1549EEFE56F802" ID-CoL="6NWM" authority="Walckenaer 1805: 80" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1805" box="[151,472,1968,1991]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFC9FF83FF1549EEFF63F802" box="[151,237,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pholcus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFC9FF83FF7149EEFE56F802" author="Walckenaer, C. A." box="[243,472,1968,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref54160" refString="Walckenaer, C. A. (1805) Tableau des araneides ou caracteres essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linne, avec la designation des especes comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, 88 pp." type="book" year="1805">Walckenaer 1805: 80</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<treatmentCitation id="0AD01086FFC9FF83FE6049EEFD5DF802" author="Simon, E." box="[482,723,1968,1991]" page="470" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFC9FF83FE6049EEFD5DF802" author="Simon, E." box="[482,723,1968,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="257 - 488" refId="ref53824" refString="Simon, E. (1893) Histoire naturelle das araignees. 2 e edition, Roret, Paris, 1, 257 - 488." type="journal article" year="1893">Simon 1893: 470–471</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0AD01086FFC9FF83FD5E49EEFC09F802" author="Huber, B. A." box="[732,903,1968,1991]" page="77" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFC9FF83FD5E49EEFC09F802" author="Huber, B. A." box="[732,903,1968,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref52514" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 254, 1 - 348." type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000: 77</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0AD01086FFC9FF83FC1349EEFBF2F802" author="Huber, B. A." box="[913,1148,1968,1991]" page="108" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFC9FF83FC1349EEFBF2F802" author="Huber, B. A." box="[913,1148,1968,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref52554" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): Taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 260, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001: 108–111</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0AD01086FFC9FF83FB0449EEFA80F802" author="Hu, J. L." box="[1158,1294,1968,1991]" page="81" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFC9FF83FB0449EEFA80F802" author="Hu, J. L." box="[1158,1294,1968,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref52364" refString="Hu, J. L. (2001) Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 658 pp." type="book" year="2001">Hu 2001: 81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFC9FF83FF15498EFC64F822" blockId="5.[151,1298,1968,2023]" box="[151,1002,2000,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="54CA8835FFC9FF83FF15498EFF42F822" box="[151,204,2000,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFC9FF83FEAF498EFD30F822" authority="Fuesslin, 1775" authorityName="Fuesslin" authorityYear="1775" box="[301,702,2000,2023]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalangioides">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFC9FF83FEAF498EFD94F822" box="[301,538,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aranea phalangioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFC9FF83FDA2498EFD30F822" author="Fuesslin, J. C." box="[544,702,2000,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref52183" refString="Fuesslin, J. C. (1775) Verzeichnis der ihm bekannten Schweizerischen Insekten, mit einer ausgemahlten Kupfertafel: nebst der Ankundigung eines neuen Inseckten Werkes. Zurich and Winterthur, 62 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fuesslin, 1775</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation.
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<subSubSection id="C36B651CFFCAFF80FF154EC9FD54FE22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFCAFF80FF154EC9FD54FE22" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCAFF80FF154EC9FE99FF74" bold="true" box="[151,279,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The most useful characters in distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFCAFF80FCA54EC6FC08FF74" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" box="[807,902,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCAFF80FCA54EC6FC08FF74" box="[807,902,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other genera in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFCAFF80FB7C4EC6FAFFFF77" box="[1278,1393,152,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pholcidae</taxonomicName>
are the male genital structures, especially three projections of the tarsus bulb, traditionally called the uncus, the appendix and the embolus. The uncus is usually large, rather flat, heavily sclerotized, and is provided with many teeth or scales. The appendix is smaller (even absent in some species), usually hook-shaped, also sclerotized, and is either a single rod or split into two or even three parts. The embolus lies between the uncus and appendix, is soft and transparent, and is thus easy to overlook (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFCAFF80FC4F4F07FBEAFEB6" author="Huber, B. A." box="[973,1124,345,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref52554" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): Taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 260, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Other characters are the conservative male chelicerae (with various apophyses), the shape of the procursus (usually with ventral boss and complicated tip), and in the female, the knob-, necktie-, whip- or worm-shaped apophysis on the often roughly triangular, rectangular or oval epigynum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B651CFFCAFF81FF454FADFBD9FC1B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFCAFF80FF454FADFB33FB28" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCAFF80FF454FADFED6FDC8" bold="true" box="[199,344,499,525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description</emphasis>
(refers to Chinese species of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFCAFF80FD554FAAFCBBFDC8" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" box="[727,821,500,525]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCAFF80FD554FAAFCBBFDC8" box="[727,821,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only). Medium to large-sized pholcids, the body frequently being
<quantity id="4C899B72FFCAFF80FEDD4C44FE68FDF1" box="[351,486,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 10 mm</quantity>
in length. They generally have flat, plate-shaped cephalothoraces (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB754C44FAE7FDF1" box="[1271,1385,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="38.[151,256,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,202,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-134@38.[151,1436,134,1771]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF154C1FFF42FD9E" box="[151,204,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="59.[151,255,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[224,1381,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-66@59.[214,1390,140,1905]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 30. Pholcus oculosus Zhang &amp; Zhang, 2000 (illustrations modified from Zhang &amp; Zhang 2000). A. male body, dorsal view. B. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. C. male left chelicera, frontal view. D. left palp, prolateral view. E. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A), 0.5mm (B–E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362406/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">30C</figureCitation>
), pale ochre with distinctive brown marks of three general patterns in
<collectingCountry id="F3667607FFCAFF80FB844C1FFBDFFD9E" box="[1030,1105,577,603]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">China</collectingCountry>
: the first pattern (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAA34C1FFA19FD9E" box="[1313,1431,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="35.[151,255,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,217,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-77@35.[145,1443,145,1918]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pholcus harveyi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362378/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 15C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF154C36FF44FD47" box="[151,202,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,211,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-77@43.[151,1436,88,1900]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Pholcus kangding sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362386/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">20C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF5A4C36FE82FD47" box="[216,268,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="47.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,213,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-75@47.[151,1436,121,1961]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 23. Pholcus kunming sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362392/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE9B4C36FEC3FD47" box="[281,333,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="50.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,196,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-79@50.[191,1405,145,1867]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pholcus linzhou Zhang &amp; Zhang, 2000 (illustrations modified from Zhang &amp; Zhang 2000). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A–B, D–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362396/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">25C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FED84C36FE03FD47" box="[346,397,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="62.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,239,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-76@62.[151,1436,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pholcus paralinzhou sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362410/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">32C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE194C36FE41FD47" box="[411,463,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="69.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,225,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-78@69.[151,1436,194,1864]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 37. Pholcus phoenixus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">37C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE5F4C36FD83FD47" box="[477,525,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,258,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[271,1323,228,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-84@76.[261,1339,197,1893]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Pholcus qinghaiensis Song &amp; Zhu, 1999 (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. female prosoma, dorsal view. B. female opisthosoma, lateral view. C. epigynum, ventral view. D. same, dorsal view. E. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. F. male left chelicera, frontal view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A, B), 0.5mm (C, D, F–H), 0.2mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317662/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">41C</figureCitation>
or 52C) we named ‘Peking-opera-mask’
<typeStatus id="54CA8835FFCAFF80FC7F4C36FBBCFD47" box="[1021,1074,616,642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
, most species belong to it; the second (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF7B4CD0FED1FD6D" box="[249,351,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[256,1339,226,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-78@15.[244,1352,194,1880]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pholcus bessus Zhu &amp; Gong, 1991 (illustrations modified from Zhu &amp; Gong 1991). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male prosoma, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–G), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317618/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FEEF4CD0FE1DFD6D" box="[365,403,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,257,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[263,1318,235,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-74@16.[253,1331,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pholcus bidentatus Zhu, Zhang, Zhang &amp; Chen, 2005 (illustrations modified from Zhu et al. 2005). A. female body, dorsal view. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. same, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. left palp, prolateral view. F. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A), 0.5mm (B, C, E, F), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317620/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE224CD0FE5BFD6D" box="[416,469,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="33.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,195,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-130@33.[151,1436,175,1741]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 14. Pholcus gui Zhu &amp; Song, 1999 (illustrations, C, D, G, I, J modified from Song et al. 1999). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. female opisthosoma, lateral view. D. male prosoma, dorsal view. E. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. F. tip of left appendix, retrolaterodorsal view. G. male left chelicera, frontal view. H. left procursus, dorsal view. I. left palp, prolateral view. J. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C, D), 0.5mm (A, B, G–J), 0.2mm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362376/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">14D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE604CD0FD98FD6D" box="[482,534,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="44.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[208,1381,198,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-73@44.[196,1387,137,1939]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 21. Pholcus kimi Song &amp; Zhu, 1994 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2005). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male left chelicera, frontal view. D. male body, dorsal view. E. male sternum, ventral view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (D), 0.5mm (A–C, E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FDA14CD0FDD9FD6D" box="[547,599,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="52.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,208,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-79@52.[151,1436,126,1876]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 26. Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362398/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">26C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FDE14CD0FD1AFD6D" box="[611,660,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="67.[151,255,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,235,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@67.[151,1436,194,1843]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 36. Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362418/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">36C</figureCitation>
or 46C) we named ‘butterfly’
<typeStatus id="54CA8835FFCAFF80FC7D4CD0FBBAFD6D" box="[1023,1076,654,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
, some species belong to it; the third (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF634CEBFED7FD0A" box="[225,345,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="56.[151,256,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[169,1420,584,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-219@56.[149,1434,494,1942]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 28. Pholcus mengla Song &amp; Zhu, 1999 (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. female prosoma, dorsal view. B. female opisthosoma, lateral view. C. epigynum, ventral view. D. same, dorsal view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A, B), 0.5mm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362402/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 28A</figureCitation>
or 10D) we named ‘stripe’
<typeStatus id="54CA8835FFCAFF80FD304CEBFD69FD0A" box="[690,743,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
, only two species are in this group. Carapace with black median line but no thoracic furrow. Clypeus generally pale ochre, with or without marks, high and without sexual modifications. The eye region is light brown, more or less elevated (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB8F4D5CFB0FFCD9" box="[1037,1153,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="73.[151,256,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[299,1292,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-77@73.[268,1319,107,1924]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 40. Pholcus qingchengensis Gao, Gao &amp; Zhu, 2002 (illustrations modified from Gao, Gao &amp; Zhu 2002). A. male body, dorsal view. B. male sternum, ventral view. C. male left chelicera, frontal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. left palp, prolateral view. F. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A), 0.5mm (B, C, E, F), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 40A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB394D5CFB7FFCD9" box="[1211,1265,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="78.[151,255,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[167,1418,227,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-78@78.[148,1433,194,1800]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 43. Pholcus shangrila sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317664/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">43A</figureCitation>
); most species have eight eyes in three groups, two median AMEs as a group and others in two lateral triads; most lateral triads not on eye-stalks, sometimes male triads on short (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FCD94D0EFC5CFCAF" box="[859,978,848,874]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1386,211,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-77@54.[195,1408,118,1930]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pholcus medog Zhang, Zhu &amp; Song, 2006 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2006). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. male sternum, ventral view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362400/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 27C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB974D0EFBC6FCAF" box="[1045,1096,848,874]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="62.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,239,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-76@62.[151,1436,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pholcus paralinzhou sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362410/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">32C</figureCitation>
) or longer eye-stalks (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAE34D0EFF7EFC55" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="72.[151,255,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[184,1400,260,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-56@72.[132,1417,197,1849]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 39. Pholcus podophthalmus Simon, 1893 (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. male body, dorsal view. B. male prosoma, frontal view. C. left palp, prolateral view. D. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A), 0.5mm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362424/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 39A–B</figureCitation>
). A few species have six eyes, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFCAFF80FD394D29FCC4FC55" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Zhu" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Yin &amp; Wang" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[699,842,887,912]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCAFF80FD394D29FCC4FC55" box="[699,842,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
redescribed below (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FBBA4D28FB28FC55" box="[1080,1190,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,257,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[163,1421,245,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-78@26.[151,1436,194,1909]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pholcus elongatus (Yin &amp; Wang, 1981) (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. same, lateral view. D. male prosoma, dorsal view. E. male opisthosoma, lateral view. F. male left chelicera, frontal view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (D, E), 0.5mm (A–C, F–H)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317638/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae fused at base, with lamina opposing cheliceral fang. In females normal, male chelicerae are frequently equipped with two or three pairs of special apophyses, often species-specific in morphology: the first pair, dark distal apophyses with two small modified hairs on each (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FC834DB4FC12FBC1" box="[769,924,1002,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[302,1287,343,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-228@39.[296,1291,333,1662]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation and tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hair on male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. base of trichobothrium on male palpal tibia. G. tip of bulb embolus. H. right bulb, prolateral view. I. male spinnerets, overview. J. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. K. male PMS, with two spigots. L. male PLS, without any spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362382/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 18D–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FC294DB4FC73FBC1" box="[939,1021,1002,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="99.[151,257,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[304,1290,186,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-143@99.[267,1319,126,1541]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 57. Pholcus xinjiangensis Hu &amp; Wu, 1989. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. C. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1. D. male cheliceral apophyses proximolaterally, frontal view. E. male cheliceral fang and distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. F. male distal apophysis, showing two modified hairs. G. male spinnerets, overview. H. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. I. male PMS, with two spigots. J. right male bulb, prolateral view. K. tip of male right procursus, prolateral view. L. part of bulb uncus, showing numerous small teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">57E–F</figureCitation>
), a second pair of light apophyses proximolaterally (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FEEE4A4FFE6DFBEE" box="[364,483,1041,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="47.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,213,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-75@47.[151,1436,121,1961]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 23. Pholcus kunming sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362392/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 23E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE734A4FFDAEFBEE" box="[497,544,1041,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="57.[151,256,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,218,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-78@57.[151,1436,167,1904]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 29. Pholcus mianshanensis sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362404/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FDDC4A4FFD1CFBEE" box="[606,658,1041,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="62.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,239,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-76@62.[151,1436,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pholcus paralinzhou sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362410/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">32E</figureCitation>
), and finally, a pair of unsclerotized apophyses proximocentrally which may be very small (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE534A66FDCDFB97" box="[465,579,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="63.[151,255,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,232,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-79@63.[151,1436,194,1868]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 33. Pholcus parayichengicus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362412/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 33E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FDFF4A66FD21FB97" box="[637,687,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="65.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[208,1394,210,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-84@65.[196,1402,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 35. Pholcus pennatus Zhang, Zhu &amp; Song, 2005 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2005). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–H), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362416/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">35E</figureCitation>
), or even absent in some species (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FBC34A66FB38FB97" box="[1089,1206,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1386,211,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-77@54.[195,1408,118,1930]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pholcus medog Zhang, Zhu &amp; Song, 2006 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2006). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. male sternum, ventral view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362400/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 27D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB734A66FAABFB97" box="[1265,1317,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="57.[151,256,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,218,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-78@57.[151,1436,167,1904]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 29. Pholcus mianshanensis sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362404/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29E</figureCitation>
). Sternum pale ochre, about as wide as or wider than long, with varying brown patterns, some species with three or four pairs of submarginal pale patches and central pale patch (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FCBB4ADBFC27FB5A" box="[825,937,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="80.[151,256,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,249,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-78@80.[150,1456,197,1901]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 45. Pholcus songi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 45F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FC614ADBFB9AFB5A" box="[995,1044,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,255,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,212,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-81@91.[151,1436,194,1826]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pholcus taibaiensis Wang &amp; Zhu, 1992. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">52F</figureCitation>
), some species have no markings (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF1D4AF2FE85FB03" box="[159,267,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="44.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[208,1381,198,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-73@44.[196,1387,137,1939]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 21. Pholcus kimi Song &amp; Zhu, 1994 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2005). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male left chelicera, frontal view. D. male body, dorsal view. E. male sternum, ventral view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (D), 0.5mm (A–C, E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
), some species with only median markings (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FCAB4AF2FC13FB03" box="[809,925,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="38.[151,256,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,202,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-134@38.[151,1436,134,1771]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 17F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FC5E4AF2FB83FB03" box="[988,1037,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="63.[151,255,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,232,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-79@63.[151,1436,194,1868]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 33. Pholcus parayichengicus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362412/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">33F</figureCitation>
), others with irregular or regular spots (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF614A8DFEDCFB28" box="[227,338,1235,1261]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="29.[151,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,212,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-77@29.[151,1436,148,1876]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 11. Pholcus fengcheng sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362370/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 11F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FEDC4A8DFE05FB28" box="[350,395,1235,1261]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,255,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,190,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-86@48.[196,1387,118,1854]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Pholcus lingulatus Gao, Gao &amp; Zhu, 2002 (illustrations modified from Gao, Gao &amp; Zhu 2002). A. female body, dorsal view. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. same, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A), 0.5mm (B, C, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362394/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">24F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE464A8DFE78FB28" box="[452,502,1235,1261]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="57.[151,256,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,218,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-78@57.[151,1436,167,1904]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 29. Pholcus mianshanensis sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362404/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29F</figureCitation>
). Labium and endites generally light brown and unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFCAFF80FF454AA7FE0CF80E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Pedipalps are unmodified in females (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FD024AA7FD62FAD6" box="[640,748,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="70.[151,256,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[303,1286,178,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-276@70.[298,1290,176,1193]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 38. Pholcus phoenixus sp. nov. A. tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. embolus and uncus of male left bulb, retrolateral view. D. trochanter of male left palp, with modified hair on the tip of ventral apophysis. E. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. male cheliceral apophyses proximolaterally and proximocentrally, front view. G. tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. H. male palpal tarsal organ, prolateral view. I. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 38A</figureCitation>
), but conspicuously large and strong in males (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FA8D4AA7FA12FAD6" box="[1295,1436,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="57.[151,256,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,218,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-78@57.[151,1436,167,1904]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 29. Pholcus mianshanensis sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362404/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 29H–I</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF484B7EFE94FAFF" box="[202,282,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="77.[151,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,222,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-78@77.[152,1437,194,1880]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 42. Pholcus saaristoi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362426/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">42H–I</figureCitation>
). Their complex morphology has been well documented by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFCAFF80FC614B7EFB20FAFF" author="Uhl, G. &amp; Huber, B. A. &amp; Rose, W." box="[995,1198,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref54108" refString="Uhl, G., Huber, B. A. &amp; Rose, W. (1995) Male pedipalp morphology and copulatory mechanism in Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 10, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1995">
Uhl
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCAFF80FB9A4B7EFBC2FAFC" box="[1048,1100,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (1995)
</bibRefCitation>
. The male palps are generally described as below. Coxa unmodified. Trochanter generally with a ventral apophysis which is long or short in different species (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE654B33FDD5FA42" box="[487,603,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="57.[151,256,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,218,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-78@57.[151,1436,167,1904]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 29. Pholcus mianshanensis sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362404/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 29H</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FD174B33FD45FA42" box="[661,715,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1386,211,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-77@54.[195,1408,118,1930]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pholcus medog Zhang, Zhu &amp; Song, 2006 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2006). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. male sternum, ventral view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362400/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">27H</figureCitation>
); some species with a retrolateral apophysis provided distally with a strong modified hair (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE6E4BCAFDD4FA6B" box="[492,602,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="70.[151,256,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[303,1286,178,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-276@70.[298,1290,176,1193]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 38. Pholcus phoenixus sp. nov. A. tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. embolus and uncus of male left bulb, retrolateral view. D. trochanter of male left palp, with modified hair on the tip of ventral apophysis. E. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. male cheliceral apophyses proximolaterally and proximocentrally, front view. G. tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. H. male palpal tarsal organ, prolateral view. I. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 38D</figureCitation>
). Femur large, with a ventral bulge which corresponds to a depression on the procursus (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FEE84BE5FE59FA10" box="[362,471,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="37.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,235,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-58@37.[154,1439,194,1932]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 16. Pholcus henanensis Zhu &amp; Mao, 1983. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. D. left palp, prolateral view. E. same, retrolateral view. F. left procursus, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5mm (A–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362380/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 16I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE614BE5FD84FA10" box="[483,522,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,211,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-77@43.[151,1436,88,1900]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Pholcus kangding sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362386/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">20I</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FDC64BE5FDE1FA10" box="[580,623,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="52.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,208,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-79@52.[151,1436,126,1876]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 26. Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362398/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">26I</figureCitation>
), and sometimes with a dorsal projection retrolaterally (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FA814BE5FAE6FA10" box="[1283,1384,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[256,1339,226,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-78@15.[244,1352,194,1880]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pholcus bessus Zhu &amp; Gong, 1991 (illustrations modified from Zhu &amp; Gong 1991). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male prosoma, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–G), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317618/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAF74BE5FA15FA10" box="[1397,1435,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="52.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,208,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-79@52.[151,1436,126,1876]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 26. Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362398/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">26I</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF4E4BBFFF76FA3E" box="[204,248,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="77.[151,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,222,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-78@77.[152,1437,194,1880]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 42. Pholcus saaristoi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362426/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">42I</figureCitation>
). Patella generally triangular in retrolateral view, and unmodified (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FBAA4BBFFB16FA3E" box="[1064,1176,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="38.[151,256,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,202,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-134@38.[151,1436,134,1771]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 17I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB2A4BBFFB41FA3E" box="[1192,1231,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,211,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-77@43.[151,1436,88,1900]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Pholcus kangding sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362386/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">20I</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FA924BBFFAC9FA3E" box="[1296,1351,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,255,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,190,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-86@48.[196,1387,118,1854]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Pholcus lingulatus Gao, Gao &amp; Zhu, 2002 (illustrations modified from Gao, Gao &amp; Zhu 2002). A. female body, dorsal view. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. same, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A), 0.5mm (B, C, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362394/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">24H</figureCitation>
). Tibia swollen, robust, spindle-shaped (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FD984856FDF2F9E7" box="[538,636,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[256,1339,226,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-78@15.[244,1352,194,1880]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pholcus bessus Zhu &amp; Gong, 1991 (illustrations modified from Zhu &amp; Gong 1991). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male prosoma, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–G), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317618/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FD0A4856FD34F9E7" box="[648,698,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="48.[151,255,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,190,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-86@48.[196,1387,118,1854]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 24. Pholcus lingulatus Gao, Gao &amp; Zhu, 2002 (illustrations modified from Gao, Gao &amp; Zhu 2002). A. female body, dorsal view. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. same, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A), 0.5mm (B, C, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362394/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">24H</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FD774856FCA5F9E7" box="[757,811,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="62.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,239,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-76@62.[151,1436,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pholcus paralinzhou sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362410/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">32H</figureCitation>
), bears two trichobothria laterally and dorsally (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAE34856FF42F98D" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="65.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[208,1394,210,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-84@65.[196,1402,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 35. Pholcus pennatus Zhang, Zhu &amp; Song, 2005 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2005). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–H), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362416/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 35H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF5F4870FE81F98D" box="[221,271,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,258,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[271,1323,228,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-84@76.[261,1339,197,1893]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Pholcus qinghaiensis Song &amp; Zhu, 1999 (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. female prosoma, dorsal view. B. female opisthosoma, lateral view. C. epigynum, ventral view. D. same, dorsal view. E. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. F. male left chelicera, frontal view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A, B), 0.5mm (C, D, F–H), 0.2mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317662/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">41H</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FED34870FE06F98D" box="[337,392,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="84.[151,255,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[262,1316,214,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-82@84.[252,1330,156,1850]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 47. Pholcus spilis Zhu &amp; Gong, 1991 (illustrations modified from Zhu &amp; Gong 1991). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male prosoma, dorsal view. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D, F, G), 0.2mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317676/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">47G</figureCitation>
); sometimes with an ear-shaped tubercle prolaterally (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FBA04870FB13F98D" box="[1058,1181,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="29.[151,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,212,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-77@29.[151,1436,148,1876]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 11. Pholcus fengcheng sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362370/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 11H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB2C4870FB6EF98D" box="[1198,1248,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="65.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[208,1394,210,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-84@65.[196,1402,159,1893]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 35. Pholcus pennatus Zhang, Zhu &amp; Song, 2005 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2005). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–H), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362416/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">35H</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAA14870FAD8F98D" box="[1315,1366,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="69.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,225,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-78@69.[151,1436,194,1864]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 37. Pholcus phoenixus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">37H</figureCitation>
) or a triangular projection ventrally (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FD92480BFD04F9AA" box="[528,650,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="35.[151,255,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,217,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-77@35.[145,1443,145,1918]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pholcus harveyi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362378/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 15H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FD18480BFD4EF9AA" box="[666,704,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="78.[151,255,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[167,1418,227,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-78@78.[148,1433,194,1800]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 43. Pholcus shangrila sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317664/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">43I</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FC83480BFCB6F9AA" box="[769,824,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="83.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[163,1431,206,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-78@83.[151,1436,194,1860]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 46. Pholcus songxian sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317674/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">46H</figureCitation>
). The tarsus consists of two parts: a proximal part carrying several bristles, a capsulate tarsal organ and the genital bulb (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FC614822FBD8F953" box="[995,1110,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="84.[151,255,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[262,1316,214,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-82@84.[252,1330,156,1850]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 47. Pholcus spilis Zhu &amp; Gong, 1991 (illustrations modified from Zhu &amp; Gong 1991). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male prosoma, dorsal view. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D, F, G), 0.2mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317676/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 47F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FBE14822FB1AF953" box="[1123,1172,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="101.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[301,1287,185,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-383@101.[249,1338,134,1223]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 59. Pholcus yangi sp. nov. A. tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. male left palpal tarsal organ. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. two small apophyses, each with a modified hair, near the base of distal cheliceral apophysis. F. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. G. male right palp, prolateral view. H. left bulb, retrolateral view, showing uncus, embolus and appendix. I. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362442/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">59C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB534822FB75F953" box="[1233,1275,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="108.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[163,1417,256,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-121@108.[151,1436,224,1864]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 63. Pholcus zhangae sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. male left chelicera, lateral view. F. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. G. male sternum, ventral view. H. left procursus, dorsal view. I. left palp, prolateral view. J. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D, E, G–J), 0.2mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">63I</figureCitation>
), and a distal part (also called the procursus), a massive organ with many heavily sclerotized structures. The tip of the procursus is very complex in structure and has important diagnostic characters. The bulb is a whitish globular part with three projections, which are traditionally called uncus, appendix and embolus (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB4448AEFAABF8CF" box="[1222,1317,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="18.[151,256,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,235,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-85@18.[151,1436,194,1872]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pholcus clavatus Schenkel, 1936. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. tip of left appendix, retrolaterodorsal view. F. male left chelicera, frontal view. G. male sternum, ventral view. H. left procursus, dorsal view. I. left palp, prolateral view. J. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, F–J), 0.2mm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317624/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 5I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAB748AEFAE9F8CF" box="[1333,1383,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,255,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,212,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-81@91.[151,1436,194,1826]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pholcus taibaiensis Wang &amp; Zhu, 1992. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">52H</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF154948FF43F8F5" box="[151,205,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="67.[151,255,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,235,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@67.[151,1436,194,1843]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 36. Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362418/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">36H</figureCitation>
); the uncus is usually large, rather flat, heavily sclerotized, and is provided with many teeth or scales (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF1D4963FF70F892" box="[159,254,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1214,1238]" captionTargetBox="[301,1285,200,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-364@21.[297,1290,194,1190]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu &amp; Song, 1999. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation on female tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of embolus. E. male palpal tarsal organ. F. male left procursus, retrolateral view. G. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. H. male PMS, with two spigots. I. part of bulb uncus, showing numerous small teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317630/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 7I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE8F4963FEB7F892" box="[269,313,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="95.[151,258,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-77@95.[243,1345,164,1870]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 54. Pholcus triangulatus Zhang &amp; Zhang, 2000 (illustrations modified from Zhang &amp; Zhang 1999). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–G), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362434/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">54F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FEF54963FE23F892" box="[375,429,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="98.[151,256,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,218,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-80@98.[151,1436,167,1910]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pholcus xinjiangensis Hu &amp; Wu, 1989. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362436/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">56H</figureCitation>
); the appendix is smaller (even absent in some species, as in
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FB0C4963FB7DF892" box="[1166,1267,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[243,1352,261,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-125@20.[243,1358,241,1882]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu &amp; Song, 1999 (illustrations C–H, modified from Song et al. 1999, and A, B modified from Zhang &amp; Zhang, 2000). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. D. male prosoma, dorsal view. E. male opisthosoma, lateral view. F. male left chelicera, frontal view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (D, E), 0.5mm (A, B, F–H), 0.2mm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317626/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 6G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FA834963FABDF892" box="[1281,1331,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="41.[151,256,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,199,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-58@41.[151,1436,148,1909]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 19. Pholcus jixianensis Zhu &amp; Yu, 1983. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. D. left procursus, dorsal view. E. left palp, prolateral view. F. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 0.5mm (A–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362384/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">19E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAC34963FAE6F892" box="[1345,1384,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="85.[151,257,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,212,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-87@85.[151,1436,194,1921]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 48. Pholcus sublingulatus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. male left chelicera, lateral view. F. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. G. male sternum, ventral view. H. left procursus, dorsal view. I. left palp, prolateral view. J. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D, E, G–J), 0.2mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">48I</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF15493AFF43F8BB" box="[151,205,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="109.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,206,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-78@109.[151,1436,145,1857]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 64. Pholcus zhuolu sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317698/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">64H</figureCitation>
), usually hook-shaped and sclerotized, and is either a single rod or split into two or even three parts (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAE3493AFF42F860" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="91.[151,255,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,212,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-81@91.[151,1436,194,1826]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 52. Pholcus taibaiensis Wang &amp; Zhu, 1992. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 52H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF5949D5FE9FF860" box="[219,273,1931,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="104.[151,255,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,201,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-139@104.[151,1436,157,1717]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 61. Pholcus yugong sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362446/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">61H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE9D49D5FEDFF860" box="[287,337,1931,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="103.[151,255,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[161,1401,194,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-113@103.[151,1416,145,1665]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 60. Pholcus yichengicus Zhu, Tu &amp; Shi, 1986. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362444/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">60H</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FE1349D5FE4CF860" box="[401,450,1931,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="54.[151,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1386,211,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-77@54.[195,1408,118,1930]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pholcus medog Zhang, Zhu &amp; Song, 2006 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2006). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. male sternum, ventral view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362400/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">27F</figureCitation>
); the embolus lies between the uncus and appendix, is soft and transparent (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FAE349D5FF42F80E" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="47.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,213,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-75@47.[151,1436,121,1961]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 23. Pholcus kunming sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362392/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 23H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FF5A49EFFE88F80E" box="[216,262,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="64.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[303,1286,191,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-280@64.[297,1290,176,1175]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 34. Pholcus parayichengicus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. C. male PMS, with two spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hairs on distal cheliceral apophysis. F. left bulb, prolateral view. G. tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. H. male gonopore, showing five epiandrous spigots. I. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362414/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCAFF80FEBC49EFFEF8F80E" box="[318,374,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="83.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[163,1431,206,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-78@83.[151,1436,194,1860]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 46. Pholcus songxian sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317674/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">46H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFCBFF81FF454EC6FECCFCD9" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The legs are exceedingly long and slender, often characteristically annulated, femora with dark and pale apical rings, patellae entirely dark, tibiae with a dark proximal ring and dark and pale apical rings (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFCBFF81FABE4EE0FF58FF3A" author="Saaristo, M. I." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="9 - 28" refId="ref53542" refString="Saaristo, M. I. (2001) Pholcid spiders of the granitic Seychelles (Araneae, Pholcidae). Phelsuma, 9, 9 - 28." type="journal article" year="2001">Saaristo 2001</bibRefCitation>
); with numerous hairs on legs, but apparently without spines, curved or vertical hairs; tarsi with several pseudosegmentations and capsulate tarsal organs (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FD654F52FCC1FEE3" box="[743,847,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1214,1238]" captionTargetBox="[301,1285,200,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-364@21.[297,1290,194,1190]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu &amp; Song, 1999. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation on female tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of embolus. E. male palpal tarsal organ. F. male left procursus, retrolateral view. G. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. H. male PMS, with two spigots. I. part of bulb uncus, showing numerous small teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317630/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FCDE4F52FC1EFEE3" box="[860,912,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[302,1287,343,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-228@39.[296,1291,333,1662]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation and tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hair on male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. base of trichobothrium on male palpal tibia. G. tip of bulb embolus. H. right bulb, prolateral view. I. male spinnerets, overview. J. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. K. male PMS, with two spigots. L. male PLS, without any spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FC1F4F52FC42FEE3" box="[925,972,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="45.[151,256,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[299,1282,195,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-339@45.[249,1338,145,1234]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 22. Pholcus kimi Song &amp; Zhu, 1994. A. tarsal organ on female tarsus 1. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis. E. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1. F. male palpal tarsal organ. G. uncus, embolus and appendix of bulb. H. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. I. male PMS, with two spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">22E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FB854F52FBB0FEE3" box="[1031,1086,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="64.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[303,1286,191,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-280@64.[297,1290,176,1175]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 34. Pholcus parayichengicus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. C. male PMS, with two spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hairs on distal cheliceral apophysis. F. left bulb, prolateral view. G. tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. H. male gonopore, showing five epiandrous spigots. I. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362414/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">34G</figureCitation>
). Male gonopore with four or five (few species) epiandrous spigots (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FDE44F6CFD41FE89" box="[614,719,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1214,1238]" captionTargetBox="[301,1285,200,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-364@21.[297,1290,194,1190]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu &amp; Song, 1999. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation on female tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of embolus. E. male palpal tarsal organ. F. male left procursus, retrolateral view. G. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. H. male PMS, with two spigots. I. part of bulb uncus, showing numerous small teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317630/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FD5D4F6CFC9FFE89" box="[735,785,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[302,1287,343,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-228@39.[296,1291,333,1662]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation and tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hair on male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. base of trichobothrium on male palpal tibia. G. tip of bulb embolus. H. right bulb, prolateral view. I. male spinnerets, overview. J. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. K. male PMS, with two spigots. L. male PLS, without any spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FCA34F6CFCDCFE89" box="[801,850,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="45.[151,256,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[299,1282,195,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-339@45.[249,1338,145,1234]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 22. Pholcus kimi Song &amp; Zhu, 1994. A. tarsal organ on female tarsus 1. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis. E. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1. F. male palpal tarsal organ. G. uncus, embolus and appendix of bulb. H. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. I. male PMS, with two spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">22C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FC124F6CFC49FE89" box="[912,967,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="64.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[303,1286,191,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-280@64.[297,1290,176,1175]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 34. Pholcus parayichengicus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. C. male PMS, with two spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hairs on distal cheliceral apophysis. F. left bulb, prolateral view. G. tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. H. male gonopore, showing five epiandrous spigots. I. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362414/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">34H</figureCitation>
). Chinese species of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFCBFF81FB444F6CFAABFE8E" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" box="[1222,1317,306,331]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCBFF81FB444F6CFAABFE8E" box="[1222,1317,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generally have elongate or globose abdomens, even both
<typeStatus id="54CA8835FFCBFF81FD4E4F07FC84FEB6" box="[716,778,345,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
of abdomen occurring in conspecific specimens; a few species with worm-shaped abdomens (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FDDF4FDEFD5DFE5F" box="[605,723,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="72.[151,255,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[184,1400,260,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-56@72.[132,1417,197,1849]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURE 39. Pholcus podophthalmus Simon, 1893 (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. male body, dorsal view. B. male prosoma, frontal view. C. left palp, prolateral view. D. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A), 0.5mm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362424/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 39A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FC8E4FDEFCCEFE5F" box="[780,832,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,257,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[163,1421,245,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-78@26.[151,1436,194,1909]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pholcus elongatus (Yin &amp; Wang, 1981) (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. same, lateral view. D. male prosoma, dorsal view. E. male opisthosoma, lateral view. F. male left chelicera, frontal view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (D, E), 0.5mm (A–C, F–H)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317638/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10E</figureCitation>
). Abdomen mostly grey, dorsally and laterally with distinctive blackish marks or spots (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FDC34FF8FD36FE05" box="[577,696,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="35.[151,255,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,217,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-77@35.[145,1443,145,1918]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 15. Pholcus harveyi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362378/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 15C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FD444FF8FD66FE05" box="[710,744,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-85@13.[151,1436,194,1878]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pholcus beijingensis Zhu &amp; Song, 1999 (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. female prosoma, dorsal view. B. female opisthosoma, lateral view. C. epigynum, ventral view. D. same, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (A, B), 0.5mm (C–E, G–H), 0.2mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317614/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FCA14FF8FCD6FE05" box="[803,856,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="62.[151,255,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,239,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-76@62.[151,1436,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pholcus paralinzhou sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362410/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">32C</figureCitation>
), but a few species without any dark spots (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FAE34FF8FF48FE22" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,257,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[163,1421,245,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-78@26.[151,1436,194,1909]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pholcus elongatus (Yin &amp; Wang, 1981) (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. same, lateral view. D. male prosoma, dorsal view. E. male opisthosoma, lateral view. F. male left chelicera, frontal view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (D, E), 0.5mm (A–C, F–H)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317638/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 10E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FE804F93FEB6FE22" box="[258,312,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="98.[151,256,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,218,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-80@98.[151,1436,167,1910]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURE 56. Pholcus xinjiangensis Hu &amp; Wu, 1989. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362436/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">56C</figureCitation>
). The male genital area with or without small brown marks, ventrally with long central brown lines or stripes posteriorly in some species, but others without dark patterns. The female genitalia are usually relatively simple externally, comprising a more or less elevated area divided by a simple slit into anterior and posterior plates (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FEE54C1FFE6CFD9E" box="[359,482,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="29.[151,255,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,212,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-77@29.[151,1436,148,1876]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 11. Pholcus fengcheng sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362370/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 11A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FE774C1FFDA4FD9E" box="[501,554,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="37.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,235,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-58@37.[154,1439,194,1932]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 16. Pholcus henanensis Zhu &amp; Mao, 1983. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. D. left palp, prolateral view. E. same, retrolateral view. F. left procursus, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5mm (A–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362380/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">16A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FDBE4C1FFDE0FD9E" box="[572,622,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="64.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[303,1286,191,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-280@64.[297,1290,176,1175]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 34. Pholcus parayichengicus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. C. male PMS, with two spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hairs on distal cheliceral apophysis. F. left bulb, prolateral view. G. tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. H. male gonopore, showing five epiandrous spigots. I. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362414/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">34A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FD364C1FFD65FD9E" box="[692,747,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="94.[151,256,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[218,1382,218,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-76@94.[206,1396,167,1891]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 53. Pholcus taishan Song &amp; Zhu, 1999 (illustrations modified from Song et al. 1999). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. male C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. left chelicera, frontal view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362432/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">53A</figureCitation>
); there may be special outgrowths (variably sclerotized apophyses, e.g. knob-, whip-, worm-, hook-, necktie-shaped in
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FC0E4C36FB8AFD47" box="[908,1028,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="95.[151,258,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-77@95.[243,1345,164,1870]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 54. Pholcus triangulatus Zhang &amp; Zhang, 2000 (illustrations modified from Zhang &amp; Zhang 1999). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–G), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362434/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 54A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FB904C36FBC9FD47" box="[1042,1095,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="50.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[211,1390,196,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-79@50.[191,1405,145,1867]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 25. Pholcus linzhou Zhang &amp; Zhang, 2000 (illustrations modified from Zhang &amp; Zhang 2000). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, retrolaterodorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left palp, prolateral view. H. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A–B, D–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362396/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">25A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FBD74C36FB06FD47" box="[1109,1160,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="37.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,235,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-58@37.[154,1439,194,1932]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 16. Pholcus henanensis Zhu &amp; Mao, 1983. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. D. left palp, prolateral view. E. same, retrolateral view. F. left procursus, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5mm (A–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362380/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">16A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FB464C36FB77FD47" box="[1220,1273,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="83.[151,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[163,1431,206,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-78@83.[151,1436,194,1860]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 46. Pholcus songxian sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317674/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">46A</figureCitation>
, also called a ‘scape’ in some references) and pits on the anterior plate (also called ‘genital plate’), the posterior plate is also called ‘accessory plate’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFCBFF81FE384CEBFDEEFD0A" author="Saaristo, M. I." box="[442,608,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="9 - 28" refId="ref53542" refString="Saaristo, M. I. (2001) Pholcid spiders of the granitic Seychelles (Araneae, Pholcidae). Phelsuma, 9, 9 - 28." type="journal article" year="2001">Saaristo 2001</bibRefCitation>
). However, the internal morphology is very complicated (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFCBFF81FA844CEBFA19FD0A" author="Huber, B. A." box="[1286,1431,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="291 - 300" refId="ref52435" refString="Huber, B. A. (1995) Copulatory mechanism in Holocnemus pluchei and Pholcus opilionoides, with notes on male cheliceral apophyses and stridulatory organs in Pholcidae (Araneae). Acta Zoologica, 76, 291 - 300." type="journal article" year="1995">Huber 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFCBFF81FF154C82FE88FD33" author="Uhl, G." box="[151,262,732,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="13 - 25" refId="ref54075" refString="Uhl, G. (1994) Genital morphology and sperm storage in Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin) (Pholcidae; Araneae). Acta Zoologica, 75, 13 - 25." type="journal article" year="1994">Uhl 1994</bibRefCitation>
) generally with a sclerotized arch anteriorly and a pair of pore plates posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FB424C82FAA8FD33" box="[1216,1318,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="18.[151,256,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,235,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-85@18.[151,1436,194,1872]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pholcus clavatus Schenkel, 1936. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. tip of left appendix, retrolaterodorsal view. F. male left chelicera, frontal view. G. male sternum, ventral view. H. left procursus, dorsal view. I. left palp, prolateral view. J. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, F–J), 0.2mm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317624/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FAB14C82FAD9FD33" box="[1331,1367,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="25.[151,257,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,220,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-78@25.[151,1436,197,1832]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pholcus dali sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317636/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FAE64C82FA18FD33" box="[1380,1430,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="33.[151,255,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,195,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-130@33.[151,1436,175,1741]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 14. Pholcus gui Zhu &amp; Song, 1999 (illustrations, C, D, G, I, J modified from Song et al. 1999). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. female opisthosoma, lateral view. D. male prosoma, dorsal view. E. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. F. tip of left appendix, retrolaterodorsal view. G. male left chelicera, frontal view. H. left procursus, dorsal view. I. left palp, prolateral view. J. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C, D), 0.5mm (A, B, G–J), 0.2mm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362376/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FF154D5CFF46FCD9" box="[151,200,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="44.[151,256,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[208,1381,198,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-73@44.[196,1387,137,1939]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 21. Pholcus kimi Song &amp; Zhu, 1994 (illustrations modified from Zhang et al. 2005). A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male left chelicera, frontal view. D. male body, dorsal view. E. male sternum, ventral view. F. left palp, prolateral view. G. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (D), 0.5mm (A–C, E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362388/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21B</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FE834D5CFEBBFCD9" box="[257,309,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="52.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,208,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-79@52.[151,1436,126,1876]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 26. Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. same, dorsal view. C. male body, dorsal view. D. trochanter of male left palp, dorsal view. E. male left chelicera, frontal view. F. male sternum, ventral view. G. left procursus, dorsal view. H. left palp, prolateral view. I. same, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0mm (C), 0.5mm (A, B, E–I), 0.2mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362398/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">26B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFCBFF81FF454D77FBD9FC1B" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The spiders of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D14FFCBFF81FEF94D77FE54FC87" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" box="[379,474,809,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCBFF81FEF94D77FE54FC87" box="[379,474,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have six spinnerets in three rows (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FCFE4D77FC67FC86" box="[892,1001,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[302,1287,343,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-228@39.[296,1291,333,1662]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation and tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hair on male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. base of trichobothrium on male palpal tibia. G. tip of bulb embolus. H. right bulb, prolateral view. I. male spinnerets, overview. J. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. K. male PMS, with two spigots. L. male PLS, without any spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 18I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FC754D77FBABFC86" box="[1015,1061,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="79.[151,255,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[304,1287,196,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-291@79.[298,1290,176,1193]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 44. Pholcus shangrila sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male left palpal tarsal organ. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. right male palp, prolateral view. E. tip of bulb embolus. F. male spinnerets, overview. G. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. H. male PMS, with two spigots. I. male PLS, without any spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317668/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">44F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FBB14D77FBEBFC86" box="[1075,1125,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="88.[151,255,1185,1209]" captionTargetBox="[301,1284,186,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-259@88.[249,1338,132,1221]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 50. Pholcus subwuyiensis sp. nov. A. female palpal tarsal organ. B. tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ. C. epigynum, ventral view. D. tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. E. tip of appendix of right male palp, prolateral view. F. male left bulb, retrolateral view. G. male spinnerets, overview. H. part of bulb uncus, showing numerous small teeth. I. edge of bulb uncus, showing small teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317686/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">50G</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FB204D77FB56FC86" box="[1186,1240,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="99.[151,257,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[304,1290,186,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-143@99.[267,1319,126,1541]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 57. Pholcus xinjiangensis Hu &amp; Wu, 1989. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. C. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1. D. male cheliceral apophyses proximolaterally, frontal view. E. male cheliceral fang and distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. F. male distal apophysis, showing two modified hairs. G. male spinnerets, overview. H. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. I. male PMS, with two spigots. J. right male bulb, prolateral view. K. tip of male right procursus, prolateral view. L. part of bulb uncus, showing numerous small teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362438/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">57G</figureCitation>
), anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS) each with one widened major ampullate gland spigot, one pointed conical spigot, and six piriform gland spigots (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FE344D28FDA9FC55" box="[438,551,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[302,1287,343,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-228@39.[296,1291,333,1662]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation and tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hair on male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. base of trichobothrium on male palpal tibia. G. tip of bulb embolus. H. right bulb, prolateral view. I. male spinnerets, overview. J. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. K. male PMS, with two spigots. L. male PLS, without any spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 18J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FDB54D28FDE2FC55" box="[567,620,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="45.[151,256,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[299,1282,195,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-339@45.[249,1338,145,1234]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 22. Pholcus kimi Song &amp; Zhu, 1994. A. tarsal organ on female tarsus 1. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis. E. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1. F. male palpal tarsal organ. G. uncus, embolus and appendix of bulb. H. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. I. male PMS, with two spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">22H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FDFE4D28FD3EFC55" box="[636,688,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="64.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[303,1286,191,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-280@64.[297,1290,176,1175]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 34. Pholcus parayichengicus sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. C. male PMS, with two spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hairs on distal cheliceral apophysis. F. left bulb, prolateral view. G. tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. H. male gonopore, showing five epiandrous spigots. I. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362414/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">34B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FD3D4D28FD7CFC55" box="[703,754,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="79.[151,255,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[304,1287,196,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-291@79.[298,1290,176,1193]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 44. Pholcus shangrila sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male left palpal tarsal organ. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. right male palp, prolateral view. E. tip of bulb embolus. F. male spinnerets, overview. G. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. H. male PMS, with two spigots. I. male PLS, without any spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317668/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">44G</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FCB04D28FCE7FC55" box="[818,873,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="99.[151,257,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[304,1290,186,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-143@99.[267,1319,126,1541]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 57. Pholcus xinjiangensis Hu &amp; Wu, 1989. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. C. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1. D. male cheliceral apophyses proximolaterally, frontal view. E. male cheliceral fang and distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. F. male distal apophysis, showing two modified hairs. G. male spinnerets, overview. H. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. I. male PMS, with two spigots. J. right male bulb, prolateral view. K. tip of male right procursus, prolateral view. L. part of bulb uncus, showing numerous small teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362438/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">57H</figureCitation>
); posterior median spinnerets (PMS) with two spigots each (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FEB44DC3FE23FC72" box="[310,429,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[302,1287,343,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-228@39.[296,1291,333,1662]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation and tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hair on male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. base of trichobothrium on male palpal tibia. G. tip of bulb embolus. H. right bulb, prolateral view. I. male spinnerets, overview. J. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. K. male PMS, with two spigots. L. male PLS, without any spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 18K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FE3B4DC3FE6CFC72" box="[441,482,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="45.[151,256,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[299,1282,195,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-339@45.[249,1338,145,1234]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 22. Pholcus kimi Song &amp; Zhu, 1994. A. tarsal organ on female tarsus 1. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis. E. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1. F. male palpal tarsal organ. G. uncus, embolus and appendix of bulb. H. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. I. male PMS, with two spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">22I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FE6C4DC3FDADFC72" box="[494,547,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="79.[151,255,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[304,1287,196,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-291@79.[298,1290,176,1193]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 44. Pholcus shangrila sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male left palpal tarsal organ. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. right male palp, prolateral view. E. tip of bulb embolus. F. male spinnerets, overview. G. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. H. male PMS, with two spigots. I. male PLS, without any spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317668/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">44H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FDAD4DC3FDD8FC72" box="[559,598,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="99.[151,257,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[304,1290,186,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-143@99.[267,1319,126,1541]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 57. Pholcus xinjiangensis Hu &amp; Wu, 1989. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. C. pseudosegmentation on male tarsus 1. D. male cheliceral apophyses proximolaterally, frontal view. E. male cheliceral fang and distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. F. male distal apophysis, showing two modified hairs. G. male spinnerets, overview. H. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. I. male PMS, with two spigots. J. right male bulb, prolateral view. K. tip of male right procursus, prolateral view. L. part of bulb uncus, showing numerous small teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362438/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">57I</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FD0C4DC3FD3AFC72" box="[654,692,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="101.[151,255,1180,1204]" captionTargetBox="[301,1287,185,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-383@101.[249,1338,134,1223]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 59. Pholcus yangi sp. nov. A. tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ. B. epigynum, ventral view. C. male left palpal tarsal organ. D. male left chelicera, frontal view. E. two small apophyses, each with a modified hair, near the base of distal cheliceral apophysis. F. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. G. male right palp, prolateral view. H. left bulb, retrolateral view, showing uncus, embolus and appendix. I. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362442/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">59I</figureCitation>
), one aciniform gland spigot, the other ampullate gland spigot; and the posterior lateral spinnerets (PLS) without any spigots (
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FCF64D9AFC68FC1B" box="[884,998,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[302,1287,343,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-228@39.[296,1291,333,1662]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pholcus huberi sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. pseudosegmentation and tarsal organ on male tarsus 1. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. tip of male distal cheliceral apophysis, with two modified hairs. E. modified hair on male distal cheliceral apophysis. F. base of trichobothrium on male palpal tibia. G. tip of bulb embolus. H. right bulb, prolateral view. I. male spinnerets, overview. J. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. K. male PMS, with two spigots. L. male PLS, without any spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5362382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5362382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 18L</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134A2A12FFCBFF81FB9D4D9AFBC4FC1B" box="[1055,1098,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="79.[151,255,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[304,1287,196,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-291@79.[298,1290,176,1193]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 44. Pholcus shangrila sp. nov. A. epigynum, ventral view. B. male left palpal tarsal organ. C. male gonopore, showing four epiandrous spigots. D. right male palp, prolateral view. E. tip of bulb embolus. F. male spinnerets, overview. G. male ALS, with several piriform gland spigots. H. male PMS, with two spigots. I. male PLS, without any spigots." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5317668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5317668/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">44I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B651CFFCBFF81FF454DB4FD82FBC1" box="[199,524,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCE3697FFCBFF81FF454DB4FD82FBC1" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,1028]" box="[199,524,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B905EA85FFCBFF81FF454DB4FEB7FBC1" bold="true" box="[199,313,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B66FFCBFF81FEFB4DB4FD86FBC1" author="Huber, B. A." box="[377,520,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref52554" refString="Huber, B. A. (2001) The pholcids of Australia (Araneae; Pholcidae): Taxonomy, biogeography, and relationships. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 260, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="2001">Huber 2001</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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