622 lines
76 KiB
XML
622 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E2A37733859C643CA84118A57112FF51">Ortalis remota: a forgotten and critically endangered species of chachalaca (Galliformes: Cracidae) from Eastern Brazil</mods:title>
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:
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: 109
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[in part]:
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: 6
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[in part]:
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: 243
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[in part]:
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: 116
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<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF7AFF53FE27C0EE" box="[151,406,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis guttata squamata</emphasis>
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[in part]:
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: 395
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:
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: 79
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[in part]:
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: 426
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|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFF7AFEF7FD2AC10B" authority=": Piacentini et al., 2015: 101" authorityName="Piacentini et al." authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,667,274,296]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" subSpecies="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF7AFEF7FECBC10B" box="[151,378,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis guttata remota</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="D519F77BFFDFA92EFE6AFEF7FD2AC10B" author="Piacentini" box="[391,667,274,296]" page="101" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDFA92EFE6AFEF7FDD9C10B" author="Piacentini" box="[391,616,274,296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" refString="Piacentini, V. Q., Aleixo, A., Agne, C. E., Mauricio, G. N., Pacheco, J. F., Bravo, G. A., Brito, G. R. R., Naka, L. N., Olmos, F., Posso, S., Silveira, L. F., Betini, G. S., Carrano, E., Franz, I., Lees, A. C., Lima, L. M., Pioli, D., Schunck, F., Amaral, F. R. do, Bencke, G. A., Cohn- Haft, M., Figueiredo, L. F. A., Straube, F. C. & Cesari, E. (2015) Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comite Brasileiro de Registros Ornitologicos. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23, 91 - 298." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Piacentini
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFE1EFEF6FD97C10B" box="[499,550,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 101
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1CA282E1FFDFA92EFF7AFEB0FD60C195" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDFA92EFF7AFEB0FB85C14D" blockId="4.[151,1437,341,2022]" box="[151,1076,341,366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E4D0DB37FFDFA92EFF7AFEB0FB85C14D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586208327" box="[151,1076,341,366]" collectingDate="1927-07" collectionCode="MZUSP" location="Lima" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="MZUSP 11359" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Lima" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF7AFEB0FEF4C14D" bold="true" box="[151,325,341,366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B036FC8FFDFA92EFF7AFEB0FF63C14D" box="[151,210,341,366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="041E7911FFDFA92EFEA1FEB3FE49C14D" box="[332,504,341,366]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">MZUSP 11359</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B036FC8FFDFA92EFDEEFEB0FDD4C14D" box="[515,613,341,366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(João Leonardo de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFCAEFEB0FCCFC14D" box="[835,894,341,366]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
col.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="30420E42FFDFA92EFC50FEB3FB99C14D" box="[957,1064,342,366]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" value="1927-07">
|
||
<date id="2006F7AAFFDFA92EFC50FEB3FB99C14D" box="[957,1064,342,366]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" value="1927-07">VII/1927</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDFA92EFF2AFE9CFD60C195" blockId="4.[151,1437,341,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E4D0DB37FFDFA92EFF2AFE9CFD60C195" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586208328" country="Brazil" county="Porto do Sape" location="Pardo RiVer" municipality="Porto do Sape" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF2AFE9CFED6C1B1" bold="true" box="[199,359,377,402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B036FC8FFDFA92EFF2AFE9CFEB3C1B1" box="[199,258,377,402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2CAF91FAFFDFA92EFE9DFE9CFE06C1B1" box="[368,439,377,402]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFE28FE9FFD1DC1B1" box="[453,684,377,402]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
Mato
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFDE4FE9CFD1DC1B1" box="[521,684,377,402]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BD66A9E6FFDFA92EFD14FE9FFC2BC1B2" box="[761,922,377,402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Porto do Sapé</collectingCounty>
|
||
(formerly “
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B4634B10FFDFA92EFBCCFE9CFB7AC1B2" box="[1057,1227,377,402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Pôrto do Sapé</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
”), at the mouth of
|
||
<location id="516787B1FFDFA92EFF7AFE78FEACC195" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC11607CFFD8A922FF7AF8D3FD15C13E:516787B1FFDFA92EFF7AFE78FEACC195" box="[151,285,413,438]" country="Brazil" county="Porto do Sape" municipality="Porto do Sape" name="Pardo RiVer" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Pardo RiVer</location>
|
||
(right-bank tributary of
|
||
<location id="516787B1FFDFA92EFDC2FE7BFD77C195" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC11607CFFD8A922FF7AF8D3FD15C13E:516787B1FFDFA92EFDC2FE7BFD77C195" box="[559,710,413,438]" country="Brazil" county="Porto do Sape" municipality="Porto do Sape" name="Parana RiVer" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Paraná RiVer</location>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1CA282E1FFDFA92EFF2AFE24FB55C292" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDFA92EFF2AFE24FB55C292" blockId="4.[151,1437,341,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF2AFE24FEE8C1F9" bold="true" box="[199,345,449,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Crown dark reddish brown. Bill gray. Bare facial skin, forehead, nape, throat and chest brown. Ventral and lateral portions of neck and whole chest edged with Very pale-brown clouded colour, forming a speckled pattern in the neck region and a poorly defined scaled-like pattern in the chest region. In the chest, this white margin runs across the whole feather. The pattern fades towards the abdomen as the colour of the margins become more similar to the background colour of the feathers. Abdomen light yellowish- brown. Flanks brownish yellow. Crissum and tail coVerts yellowish-red. Wing coVerts and flight feathers dark reddish brown. External rectrices chestnut-brown, central rectrices dark oliVe brown with metallic dark grayish-green tone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1CA282E1FFDFA92EFF2AFD58FC79C536" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDFA92EFF2AFD58FC79C536" blockId="4.[151,1437,341,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF2AFD58FEF0C2F5" bold="true" box="[199,321,701,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFEA7FD58FE41C2F6" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[330,496,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFEA7FD58FE41C2F6" box="[330,496,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other members of genus by haVing a distinctiVe colour pattern to its chest, with uniform brown feathers with clouded pale brown edges forming poorly defined scales that fade towards the abdomen. The chest feathers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFDC5FCE3FD2BC33E" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[552,666,774,797]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDC5FCE3FD8DC33E" box="[552,572,774,797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDA6FCE3FD2BC33E" box="[587,666,774,797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sspp. haVe white or whitish edges with a distinctiVe white dot in the middle forming a speckled pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC83CDEFFFDFA92EFDACFCCCFD05C361" box="[577,692,809,834]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1444,1466]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1414,212,1898]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1409,207,1734]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1436,625,1423]" captionTargetBox-3="[413,1174,339,1923]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1898]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1738]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[150,1436,625,1423]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[413,1174,339,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Ventral view of representative specimens of Ortalis guttata (a, MZUSP 58097, Urucurituba, Pará); O. remota (b, MZUSP 11359, hototype); O. squamata (c, MZUSP not yet accessioned, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina); O. araucuan (d, MZUSP 93110, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia). Inset: detail of breast pattern in the same specimens." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of representative specimens of Ortalis g. guttata (a, MZUSP 58097, Urucurituba, Pará); O. remota (b, MZUSP 11359, hototype); O. squamata (c, MZUSP not yet accessioned, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina); O. araucuan (d, MZUSP 93110, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the four species in the wild to show the breast and tail pattern: a: O. g. guttata (WA 48023 and WA 4333); b: O. remota (WA 2436278 and WA 2377617); c: O. squamata (WA 659770 and WA 2311089); d: O. araucuan (WA 1986594 and WA 2248299)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Lateral (a), ventral (b), and tail pattern (c) of representative specimens of Ortalis guttata subaffinis (FMNH 17878 above, and FMNH 178787, below, both from Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Buenavista)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/845149/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/845151/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/845153/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/845155/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). In turn,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFCDCFCCFFC74C362" box="[817,965,810,833]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFCDCFCCFFCF4C362" box="[817,837,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFCB5FCCFFC74C362" box="[856,965,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has well-defined white feather margins forming a defined scaled or scalloped pattern. Each chest feather of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFC58FCABFBF6C346" box="[949,1095,846,869]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFC58FCABFC78C346" box="[949,969,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFC37FCABFBF6C346" box="[986,1095,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three colours: dark oliVe brown on the base, dark brown in the middle and white on the edge, making the scaled or scalloped pattern eVen more eVident; this pattern is present in the abdomen feathers, but with a light grayish colour instead of white.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFF7AFC5CFE8BC3F2" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[151,314,953,977]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF7AFC5CFE8BC3F2" box="[151,314,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFDEEFC5FFDC5C3F2" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[515,628,954,977]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDEEFC5FFDA6C3F2" box="[515,535,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDC8FC5FFDC5C3F2" box="[549,628,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sspp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFD07FC5FFCC8C3F2" box="[746,889,954,977]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFD07FC5FFD4FC3F2" box="[746,766,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFCE1FC5FFCC8C3F2" box="[780,889,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by an oVerall lighter coloration across the whole body, mainly composed of clearer brown tones.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFD5DFC38FCE7C3D6" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[688,854,989,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFD5DFC38FCE7C3D6" box="[688,854,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is darker in the crown (despite the whitish marks of some specimens), neck and chest (eVen the paler
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFD29FBE7FCC1C43A" authorityName="Todd. A" authorityYear="1932" box="[708,880,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guttata" subSpecies="subaffinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFD29FBE7FCC1C43A" box="[708,880,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O. g. subaffinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a darker neck than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFB90FBE7FB5FC43A" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[1149,1262,1026,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFB90FBE7FB5FC43A" box="[1149,1262,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O. remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC83CDEFFFDFA92EFB10FBE4FA8EC439" box="[1277,1343,1025,1050]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[413,1174,339,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[413,1174,339,1923]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral (a), ventral (b), and tail pattern (c) of representative specimens of Ortalis guttata subaffinis (FMNH 17878 above, and FMNH 178787, below, both from Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Buenavista)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/845155/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFA6CFBE7FEB5C41E" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFA6CFBE7FA24C43A" box="[1409,1429,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF7AFBC3FEB5C41E" box="[151,260,1062,1085]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the darkest one, but also with an oVerall grayer coloration in the abdomen and flanks, as well as black bare facial skin.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFEBBFBACFE4AC442" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[342,507,1097,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFEBBFBACFE4AC442" box="[342,507,1097,1121]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFDDAFBAFFD1BC442" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[567,682,1098,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDDAFBAFFDFAC442" box="[567,587,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDB6FBAFFD1BC442" box="[603,682,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sspp. present completely chestnut brown external rectrices, while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFF1AFB8BFE37C4A6" box="[247,390,1134,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF1AFB8BFEBAC4A6" box="[247,267,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFEF4FB8BFE37C4A6" box="[281,390,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFE50FB8BFDFAC4A6" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[445,587,1134,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucuan">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFE50FB8BFE60C4A6" box="[445,465,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFE32FB8BFDFAC4A6" box="[479,587,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">araucuan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
haVe a dark oliVe brown base and chestnut red in the tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC83CDEFFFDFA92EFB3CFB88FA89C4A5" box="[1233,1336,1133,1158]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1444,1466]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1414,212,1898]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1409,207,1734]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1436,625,1423]" captionTargetBox-3="[413,1174,339,1923]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1435,193,1898]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1738]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[150,1436,625,1423]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[413,1174,339,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Ventral view of representative specimens of Ortalis guttata (a, MZUSP 58097, Urucurituba, Pará); O. remota (b, MZUSP 11359, hototype); O. squamata (c, MZUSP not yet accessioned, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina); O. araucuan (d, MZUSP 93110, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia). Inset: detail of breast pattern in the same specimens." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of representative specimens of Ortalis g. guttata (a, MZUSP 58097, Urucurituba, Pará); O. remota (b, MZUSP 11359, hototype); O. squamata (c, MZUSP not yet accessioned, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina); O. araucuan (d, MZUSP 93110, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the four species in the wild to show the breast and tail pattern: a: O. g. guttata (WA 48023 and WA 4333); b: O. remota (WA 2436278 and WA 2377617); c: O. squamata (WA 659770 and WA 2311089); d: O. araucuan (WA 1986594 and WA 2248299)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Lateral (a), ventral (b), and tail pattern (c) of representative specimens of Ortalis guttata subaffinis (FMNH 17878 above, and FMNH 178787, below, both from Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Buenavista)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/845149/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/845151/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/845153/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/845155/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Figs. 2-5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFAA1FB88FF55C48A" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFAA1FB88FF55C48A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
neck feathers haVe white margins forming a speckled pattern that does not extend to the head, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFA6CFB77FF57C4EE" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFA6CFB77FA24C48A" box="[1409,1429,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF7AFB53FF57C4EE" box="[151,230,1206,1229]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this pattern is also present in the head and remarkably in the forehead and crown in some specimens. The grayish tarsi seen in the pictures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFDD4FB3FFD1DC4D2" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[569,684,1242,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDD4FB3FFD1DC4D2" box="[569,684,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O. remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from the pinkish gray to reddish pink tarsi seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFA6CFB3FFF57C536" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFA6CFB3FFF57C536" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O. guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sspp. and browner, less bluish than the gray tarsi of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFCDFFB1BFC70C536" box="[818,961,1278,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFCDFFB1BFC70C536" box="[818,961,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O. squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1CA282E1FFDFA922FF2AFAC4FD15C13E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDFA92EFF2AFAC4FAC4C75A" blockId="4.[151,1437,341,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF2AFAC4FE8AC519" bold="true" box="[199,315,1313,1338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFDC0FAC4FD67C51A" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[557,726,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDC0FAC4FD67C51A" box="[557,726,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a geographically intermediate position between its related taxa, i.e. the Amazonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFDE5FAA3FDCAC57E" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[520,635,1350,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDE5FAA3FDADC57E" box="[520,540,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDC1FAA3FDCAC57E" box="[556,635,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFCF5FAA3FC19C57E" box="[792,936,1350,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFCF5FAA3FC9DC57E" box="[792,812,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFCD6FAA3FC19C57E" box="[827,936,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFC0FFAA3FBC1C57E" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[994,1136,1350,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucuan">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFC0FFAA3FC47C57E" box="[994,1014,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFBE8FAA3FBC1C57E" box="[1029,1136,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">araucuan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and perhaps another one, the peripheral
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFED1FA8CFE32C5A1" box="[316,387,1385,1410]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Chaco</collectingRegion>
|
||
representatiVe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFDDFFA8FFD72C5A2" baseAuthorityName="Wagler" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[562,707,1385,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDDFFA8FFDF7C5A2" box="[562,582,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFDBBFA8CFD72C5A2" box="[598,707,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">canicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is probably an endemic of the central region of the “Bosque Paranaense” ProVince (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDFA92EFE4EFA6BFDFEC585" author="Morrone" box="[419,591,1422,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" refString="Morrone, J. J. (2001) Homology, biogeography and areas of endemism. Diversity and Distributions, 7 (6), 297 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1366 - 9516.2001.00116. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Morrone 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), an area seVerely modified eVen before adequate biological inVentories could be taken. These regions include riparian habitats of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFC9DFA57FC0DC5EA" box="[880,956,1458,1481]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Parana</collectingRegion>
|
||
RiVer, ranging from its major tributaries (Grande, Paranaíba and Aporé RiVers), along the western border of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFC77FA33FBBEC5CD" box="[922,1039,1493,1518]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and ending at the extreme west of the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFEC9FA1FFEC2C631" box="[292,371,1530,1554]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
, near 24°S. Unfortunately, the lack of information on its distribution makes unfeasible any hypothesis of former and actual distributions. EVen skilful naturalists (e.g. Johann Natterer), who worked near confirmed localities within the species’ range, did not obtain specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFC12F9A4FBFFC67A" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1786" box="[1023,1102,1601,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFC12F9A4FBFFC67A" box="[1023,1102,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there, suggesting that it was probably already rare eVen in the early 19th century. The explorers Telêmaco and Nestor Borba, when traVeling to northwest of the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFE31F96FFD9AC681" box="[476,555,1674,1698]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
, mention the presence of "aracuans" (i.e.,
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFBA9F96CFB51C682" box="[1092,1248,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">“chachalacas</emphasis>
|
||
”) with "johós" (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFF4DF948FE15C6E6" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[160,420,1709,1733]" class="Aves" family="Tinamidae" genus="Crypturellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tinamiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFF4DF948FE15C6E6" box="[160,420,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Crypturellus undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species locally extinct since the 1950s) perhaps near the mouth of the Paranapanema RiVer (Borba 1908;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDFA92EFE90F934FDA6C6C9" author="Straube" box="[381,535,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" refString="Straube, F. C. (2013) Ruinas e urubus: historia da Ornitologia no Parana. Periodo de Natterer, 2 (1835 - 1865). Hori Cadernos Tecnicos n ° 6. Hori Consultoria Ambiental, Curitba, 314 + viii pp." type="book chapter" year="2013">Straube 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but without further details. Kozák
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFC5AF937FC43C6CA" box="[951,1010,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1979) reported that the extinct Xetá ethnic group from Serra dos Dourados (northwest of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFD0BF913FC85C72D" box="[742,820,1782,1806]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
) hunted regularly aracuans ("
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFB93F910FB7FC72E" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1786" box="[1150,1230,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFB93F910FB7FC72E" box="[1150,1230,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp."), but they did not record this actiVity in their field journals, photographs, and films, nor is it eVidenced in the plumary art collected by him during his work in the 1950s. In addition, a specimen (MHNCI 1574) from the "Passeio Público - ParanaVaí" (northwest of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFE58F887FDB2C759" box="[437,515,1890,1914]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
) is, in fact, an indiVidual
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFCCCF884FC55C75A" box="[801,996,1889,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFCCCF884FC55C75A" box="[801,996,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Ortalis squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that died in captiVity at a local zoo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDFA92DFF2AF860FDB5C21E" blockId="4.[151,1437,341,2022]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">
|
||
There are seVeral conserVation implications for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDFA92EFD31F863FCFBC7BE" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[732,842,1926,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFD31F863FD41C7BE" box="[732,752,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDFA92EFD10F863FCFBC7BE" box="[765,842,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The recent recordings in the northwest of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFAC1F863FA2DC7BD" box="[1324,1436,1925,1950]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
indicate that this species occurs in the remaining woodlands of secondary Vegetation and the border of gallery forests of the Grande,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDFA92EFE41F82BFE49C7C5" box="[428,504,1998,2022]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Tietê riVers basins in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2CAF91FAFFDFA92EFC5FF828FC4BC7C5" box="[946,1018,1997,2022]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="528">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the habitats that still sustain this species were drastically reduced to small fragments or are disappearing along riVers due to human impacts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC83CDEFFFDDA92CFF13F89BFEF2C7B4" box="[254,323,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,900,922]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,193,879]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[174,1412,193,879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Satellite image showing the great habitat alteration on the upper Parana River system—the range of Ortalis remota — due to the construction of dams and deforestation. Red lines: major dams; lemon-yellow symbols: localities where O. remota was recorded (star = type-locality). The major rivers mentioned in the text are indicated by their names; the inset map is the same as Figure 1. Based on image by Google Earth (Feb. 2017)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/845157/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Much is known about the destructiVe process caused by humans in the remaining semideciduous Atlantic forest and Cerrado in countryside
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDDA92CFD9FF846FD53C798" box="[626,738,1954,1979]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
State (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDDA92CFCC0F847FBBBC798" author="Durigan" box="[813,1034,1954,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" refString="Durigan, G., Siqueira, M. F. de & Franco, G. A. D. C. (2007) Threats to the Cerrado remnants of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Scientia Agricola, 64 (4), 355 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0103 - 90162007000400006" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Durigan
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFC7CF846FC78C798" box="[913,969,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDDA92CFBF9F847FB5BC798" author="Ribeiro" box="[1044,1258,1954,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" refString="Ribeiro, M. C., Metzger, J. P., Martensen, A. C., Ponzoni, F. J. & Hirota, M. M. (2009) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, 142, 1141 - 1153. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2009.02.021" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFB82F846FB17C798" box="[1135,1190,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An old history of disturbance caused by the expansion of pastures and liVestock, monoculture plantations (currently, sugarcane and soybeans), and urbanization associated with a ‘hoodwinking’ attitude towards Brazilian enVironmental laws are current threats to the biodiVersity of the region. A major threat to the species’ surViVal has been the construction of dams in the main riVers of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDCA92DFDF7FF05FDD7C0DB" box="[538,614,224,248]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
basin. Most of the riVerine forests of the upper
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDCA92DFB7DFF05FB6DC0DB" box="[1168,1244,224,248]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
RiVer, including those at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B036FC8FFDCA92DFEF0FEE0FEFCC13E" box="[285,333,261,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, as well as the lower stretches of the Tietê and Grande RiVers, haVe been flooded by many large reserVoirs for hydroelectric power. A quick measurement with Google Earth images shows that, from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B036FC8FFDCA92DFA81FECDFA2DC163" box="[1388,1436,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality up riVer to about
|
||
<quantity id="93407C8FFFDCA92DFE52FEA9FDB8C147" box="[447,521,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (the known upper limit of the species) on the main channels of the Tietê, Grande and Paranaíba RiVers, about
|
||
<quantity id="93407C8FFFDCA92DFDD5FE95FD2CC1AB" box="[568,669,367,392]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" unit="km" value="1070.0">1070 km</quantity>
|
||
of riVerine forests out of
|
||
<quantity id="93407C8FFFDCA92DFC2EFE8AFB99C1AB" box="[963,1064,367,392]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" unit="km" value="1360.0">1360 km</quantity>
|
||
(78%) are now flooded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC83CDEFFFDCA92DFAA5FE8AFA3FC1AB" box="[1352,1422,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1409,207,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of representative specimens of Ortalis g. guttata (a, MZUSP 58097, Urucurituba, Pará); O. remota (b, MZUSP 11359, hototype); O. squamata (c, MZUSP not yet accessioned, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina); O. araucuan (d, MZUSP 93110, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/845151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Not surprisingly, most of the recent records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFD4AFE71FCA6C18F" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[679,791,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFD4AFE71FD0AC188" box="[679,699,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFD27FE70FCA6C18F" box="[714,791,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
come from the TurVo RiVer basin in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDCA92DFB50FE71FA83C18E" box="[1213,1330,404,429]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which is one of the few main riVers of the upper
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDCA92DFDBBFE5DFD13C1F3" box="[598,674,440,464]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
basin not transformed by dams, and which may be a stronghold for the species. In this sense, a few of the rare, unflooded tributaries of the upper
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDCA92DFC1FFE39FB8FC1D7" box="[1010,1086,476,500]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
RiVer, such as the Aguapeí and do Peixe RiVers in western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDCA92DFE2AFDE5FD8BC23B" box="[455,570,511,536]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, are potential candidates to hold unknown populations and should be urgently surVeyed in their lower portions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="00C781E2FFDEA92FFF7AF865FB31C7F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/845149/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" targetBox="[178,1414,212,1898]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDEA92FFF7AF865FB31C7F0" blockId="5.[151,1435,1920,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDEA92FFF7AF865FEA2C7B5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1920,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of representative specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDEA92FFD0CF865FCC9C7B5" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[737,888,1920,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDEA92FFD0CF865FCC9C7B5" box="[737,888,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">Ortalis guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a, MZUSP 58097, Urucurituba, Pará);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDEA92FFAFEF864FACBC7B5" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[1299,1402,1921,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDEA92FFAFEF864FA94C7B5" box="[1299,1317,1921,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDEA92FFADEF864FACBC7B5" box="[1331,1402,1921,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(b, MZUSP 11359, hototype);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDEA92FFE5AF87AFD8CC796" box="[439,573,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDEA92FFE5AF87AFE78C797" box="[439,457,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDEA92FFE37F845FD8CC796" box="[474,573,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c, MZUSP not yet accessioned, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDEA92FFB1FF87AFAC7C796" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1266,1398,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucuan">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDEA92FFB1FF87AFAB5C797" box="[1266,1284,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDEA92FFAF8F845FAC7C796" box="[1301,1398,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="529">araucuan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(d, MZUSP 93110, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia). Inset: detail of breast pattern in the same specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="00C781E2FFDDA92CFF7AF905FDD8C710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/845151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" targetBox="[161,1409,207,1734]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDDA92CFF7AF905FDD8C710" blockId="6.[151,1435,1760,1843]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFF7AF905FEA3C6D5" bold="true" box="[151,274,1760,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of representative specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFD39F905FC32C6D5" box="[724,899,1760,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDDA92CFD39F905FCADC6D5" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1786" box="[724,796,1760,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ortalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDDA92CFCD6F904FC32C6D5" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[827,899,1761,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">guttata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(a, MZUSP 58097, Urucurituba, Pará);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDDA92CFAFBF904FACAC6D5" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[1302,1403,1761,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFAFBF904FA99C6D5" box="[1302,1320,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFAD9F904FACAC6D5" box="[1332,1403,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(b, MZUSP 11359, hototype);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDDA92CFE5AF91AFD8CC736" box="[439,573,1791,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFE5AF91AFE78C737" box="[439,457,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFE37F8E5FD8CC736" box="[474,573,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c, MZUSP not yet accessioned, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDDA92CFB1FF91AFAC7C736" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1266,1398,1791,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucuan">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFB1FF91AFAB5C737" box="[1266,1284,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDDA92CFAF8F8E5FAC7C736" box="[1301,1398,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="530">araucuan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(d, MZUSP 93110, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="00C781E2FFDCA92DFF7AFA41FE51C5DB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/845153/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" targetBox="[150,1436,625,1423]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDCA92DFF7AFA41FE51C5DB" blockId="7.[151,1436,1444,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFF7AFA41FEA4C599" bold="true" box="[151,277,1444,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of the four species in the wild to show the breast and tail pattern: a:
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFB9EFA40FB34C599" box="[1139,1157,1445,1466]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFB79FA43FB11C598" box="[1172,1184,1446,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">g</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFB5DFA43FB49C598" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1200,1272,1446,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFB5DFA43FB49C598" box="[1200,1272,1446,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">guttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WA48023 and WA4333); b:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFEC7FA21FE25C5FA" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[298,404,1476,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFEC7FA21FE8DC5FA" box="[298,316,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFEA0FA21FE25C5FA" box="[333,404,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WA2436278 and WA2377617); c:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFCF4FA21FC2EC5FA" box="[793,927,1476,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamata">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFCF4FA21FC9AC5FA" box="[793,811,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFCD1FA21FC2EC5FA" box="[828,927,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">squamata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WA659770 and WA2311089); d:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFAFAFA21FA2DC5FA" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1303,1436,1476,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucuan">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFAFAFA21FA98C5FA" box="[1303,1321,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFAD6FA21FA2DC5FA" box="[1339,1436,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">araucuan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WA1986594 and WA2248299).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDCA92DFF2AF9C1FC4DC77E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1572,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">
|
||
Furthermore, the Vulnerability of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFDA9F9C0FD04C61F" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[580,693,1573,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFDA9F9C0FDE9C61F" box="[580,600,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFD85F9C0FD04C61F" box="[616,693,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to extinction increases substantially giVen that cracid species are culturally (though illegally) considered game birds in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2CAF91FAFFDCA92DFD19F9ADFC8DC642" box="[756,828,1608,1633]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The larger body size and greater source of proteins in relation to other smaller birds are prominent characteristics sought by rural people (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDCA92DFBA8F988FAFAC6A6" author="Peres" box="[1093,1355,1644,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" refString="Peres, C. A. & Palacios, E. (2007) Basin-wide effects of game harvest on vertebrate population densities in Amazonian forests: implications for animal-mediated seed dispersal. Biotropica, 39, 304 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7429.2007.00272. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Peres & Palacios 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since the 19th century, hunters’ reports reVealed the presence of chachalacas in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDCA92DFC23F974FB8EC68A" box="[974,1087,1680,1705]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
state (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDCA92DFB6AF975FAADC68A" author="Ihering" box="[1159,1308,1680,1705]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" refString="Ihering, H. (1898) As aves do Estado de S. Paulo. Revista do Museu Paulista, 3, 113 - 478." type="journal article" year="1898">Ihering 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). HoweVer, these birds may be negatiVely affected by hunting in concert with unsustainable forest destruction, due to loss of sites for feeding, nesting, and roosting (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDCA92DFDA3F93DFC8BC6D2" author="Schmitz-Ornes" box="[590,826,1752,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" refString="Schmitz-Ornes, A. (1999) Vulnerability of Rufous-vented Chachalacas (Ortalis ruficauda, Cracidae) to man-induced habitat alterations in northern Venezuela. Ornitologia Neotropical, 10, 27 - 34." type="journal article" year="1999">Schmitz-Ornés 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Regarding ecological functions, the disappearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFF7AF918FEB6C737" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[151,263,1789,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFF7AF918FF1AC737" box="[151,171,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFF57F918FEB6C737" box="[186,263,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, will potentially lead to losses in terms of seed dispersal and plant recruitment, since part of the diet of chachalaca species is composed of a Variety of fruits (in addition to seeds, green shoots, flowers, leaVes, and small inVertebrates;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDCA92DFEDBF8A1FDCBC77E" author="Caziani" box="[310,634,1860,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" refString="Caziani, S. M. & Protomastro, J. J. (1994) Diet of the chaco chachalaca. The Wilson Bulletin, 106 (4), 640 - 648." type="journal article" year="1994">Caziani & Protomastro 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; del Hoyo
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFD19F8A0FC9CC77E" box="[756,813,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDCA92DFC97F8A1FC5EC77E" author="Sick" box="[890,1007,1860,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" refString="Sick, H. (1997) Ornitologia Brasileira. Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro, 862 pp." type="book" year="1997">Sick 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5407D16AFFDCA922FF2AF88DFD15C13E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1572,2029]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">
|
||
GiVen the preliminary few records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFD93F88CFD41C7A3" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[638,752,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFD93F88CFD23C7A3" box="[638,658,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFD4EF88CFD41C7A3" box="[675,752,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presented in this study, a proper estimation of the species’ geographic distribution and abundance is urgently needed to classify its degree of threat. Despite any controVersy on its taxonomic status,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93B8AAE9FFDCA92DFE49F854FDA2C7EB" authorityName="Silveira & Tomotani & Cestari & Straube & Piacentini" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName=": Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[420,531,1969,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" genus="Ortalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remota">
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFE49F854FE09C7EB" box="[420,440,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFE2BF854FDA2C7EB" box="[454,531,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">remota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recently declared as a Critically Endangered taxon in the Red Lists of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2CAF91FAFFDCA92DFABAF855FA2DC7EA" box="[1367,1436,1968,1993]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AC9BFFDCA92DFF73F830FE9BC7CE" author="MMA" box="[158,298,2005,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="531" refString="MMA [Ministerio do Meio Ambiente] (2014) Portaria No. 444, de 17 de dezembro de 2014: Lista nacional oficial de especies da fauna ameacadas de extincao. Diario Oficial da Uniao, Secao 1, 245, 121 - 126." type="journal article" year="2014">MMA 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="967C1F88FFDCA92DFE82F830FE52C7CE" box="[367,483,2004,2029]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
State (SilVeira
|
||
<emphasis id="66CC0D78FFDCA92DFD77F830FD64C7CE" box="[666,725,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="531">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009). For these reasons, and in a second step, conserVation measures such as restoration of natiVe habitats and connection of Vegetation fragments using ecological corridors are needed. If seVere risk of species extinction is detected by population estimates, the use of captiVe breeding focusing on increasing population and posterior releases of indiViduals in restored natiVe habitats will be the most appropriated measures to conserVe the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |