216 lines
21 KiB
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216 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657328" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bff05bfd-3c82-4fdb-b873-50f234f60d30" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784139" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657328" checkinTime="1617214857572" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Colless, D. H." docDate="1998" docId="9A5987F81626FFEBFE49FC8FF9F0F7C2" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.50.1.85-123.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 50 (1)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/colless-1998-rec-aust-mus-501-85123/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CF64E561BE6B94FA5F31B9132C6D4316.1:RecAustMus.1998.journal_article" docStyleId="CF64E561BE6B94FA5F31B9132C6D4316" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1998.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Amenia nigromaculata Malloch 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="6660FF80163DFFF0FFF8FF9FFFC7FFB7" masterDocTitle="Morphometrics in the genus Amenia and revisionary notes on the Australian Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with the description of eight new species" masterLastPageNumber="123" masterPageNumber="85" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1632098442875" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Morphometrics in the genus Amenia and revisionary notes on the Australian Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with the description of eight new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Colless, D. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1998</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>1998-05-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>50</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>85</mods:start>
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<mods:end>123</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://journals.australian.museum/colless-1998-rec-aust-mus-501-85123/</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1275</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bff05bfd-3c82-4fdb-b873-50f234f60d30</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4652889</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657328" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784139" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657328" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A5987F81626FFEBFE49FC8FF9F0F7C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A5987F81626FFEBFE49FC8FF9F0F7C2" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection box="[433,1018,784,823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[433,1018,784,823]" box="[433,1018,784,823]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<heading box="[433,1018,784,823]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1929" box="[433,1018,784,823]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
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<emphasis box="[433,854,784,823]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Amenia nigromaculata</emphasis>
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Malloch
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[237,1047,872,906]" box="[237,1047,872,906]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[237,1047,872,906]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[237,1042,872,906]" page="124" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" year="1965">
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<taxonomicName authority="Crosskey, 1965: 124" authorityName="Crosskey" authorityPageNumber="124" authorityYear="1965" box="[237,1042,872,906]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Formosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
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<emphasis box="[237,702,872,906]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Formosiomima nigromaculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[718,1042,872,906]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" pagination="33 - 140" refId="ref24684" refString="Crosskey, R. W., 1965. A systematic revision of the Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 16: 33 - 140." type="journal article" year="1965">Crosskey, 1965: 124</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[235,1217,949,1908]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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The species has a largely coastal distribution in southwestern
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<collectingCountry box="[472,628,995,1033]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, from Exmouth Gulf in the north and eastwards along the Great Australian Bight as far as Yalata in
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<collectingRegion box="[402,662,1087,1126]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[689,815,1087,1126]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="9.[444,550,3125,3162]" captionTargetBox="[553,1986,1950,3083]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 10. Distributions of Amenia chrysame (circles), Amenia nigromaculata (triangles), and Amenia sexpunctata (squares) (overlapping records omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4652909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4652909/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). Although overlapping broadly with
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<emphasis box="[479,744,1133,1172]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[479,738,1133,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">A. longicornis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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it occurs alone along the westernandsouthwesterncoastsofWesternAustralia. This is no doubt correlated in some fashion with the biology of the host-snails, which are species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1894" box="[943,1214,1271,1310]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bothriembryon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[943,1214,1271,1310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Bothriembryon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[248,464,1317,1356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Orthalicidae</taxonomicName>
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):
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<taxonomicName authority="Iredale" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1939" box="[500,843,1317,1356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bothriembryon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balteolus">
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<emphasis box="[500,706,1317,1356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">B. balteolus</emphasis>
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Iredale
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Menke" authorityName="Menke" box="[867,1138,1317,1356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bothriembryon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bulla">
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<emphasis box="[867,1006,1317,1356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">B. bulla</emphasis>
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Menke
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Iredale (Ferrar, 1976)" authorityName="Iredale (Ferrar" authorityYear="1976" box="[235,803,1363,1402]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bothriembryon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glauerti">
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<emphasis box="[235,417,1363,1402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">B. glauerti</emphasis>
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Iredale (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferrar, P." box="[576,792,1363,1402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" pagination="107 - 116" refId="ref24826" refString="Ferrar, P., 1976. Macrolarviparous reproduction in Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Systematic Entomology 1: 107 - 116." type="journal article" year="1976">Ferrar, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[235,1217,949,1908]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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The phylogenetic evidence in Part 3 (
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<figureCitation box="[879,1058,1409,1448]" captionStart-0="Figures 20 , 21" captionStart-1="Figures 22, 23" captionStartId-0="19.[379,499,3147,3182]" captionStartId-1="20.[381,502,1250,1285]" captionTargetBox-0="[219,2277,2384,3121]" captionTargetBox-1="[234,2268,401,1201]" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="Figures 20 , 21 . Paraplatytropesa grandicornis , male , facial view ( 20 ) ; lateral view ( 21 ) . Scale bar 1.0 mm ." captionText-1="Figures 22, 23. Paraplatytropesa argentea, male, facial view (22); lateral view (23). Scale bar 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4652919" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4652923" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4652919/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4652923/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Figs 20-22</figureCitation>
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) suggests that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crosskey" authorityYear="1965" box="[309,596,1455,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Formosiomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
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<emphasis box="[309,596,1455,1493]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">A. nigromaculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the sister species of
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<emphasis box="[999,1212,1455,1493]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[999,1207,1455,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysame">A. chrysame</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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This is consistent with their complementary distributions in areas that differ markedly in rainfall. Separate generic status for the former species would therefore be quite inappropriate, despite its conspicuously different colour pattern. This is not accompanied by any significant structural differences, and is presumably due to a long period of isolation in southwestern
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<collectingCountry box="[235,380,1777,1816]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
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in a different host snail (I am indebted to a referee for the information that
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[625,827,1823,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysame">
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<emphasis box="[625,827,1823,1861]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">A. chrysame</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lives largely (?entirely) outside the range of
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<emphasis box="[574,837,1869,1908]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1894" box="[574,822,1869,1908]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bothriembryon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bothriembryon</taxonomicName>
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).
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[551,897,1956,1995]" box="[551,897,1956,1995]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName box="[668,897,1956,1995]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" rank="tribe" tribe="Parameniini">Parameniini</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[234,1213,2038,2169]" lastBlockId="27.[1287,2271,420,1011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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I am including in this tribe the mainly Oriental genus
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<emphasis box="[236,502,2084,2123]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[236,496,2084,2123]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Catapicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catapicephala</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which was added to the subfamily by
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<bibRefCitation author="Kurahashi, H." box="[234,531,2130,2169]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" pagination="86" refId="ref24889" refString="Kurahashi, H., 1989. 109. Family Calliphoridae. In (N. Evenhuis, ed.) Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic Regions Bishop Museum Special Publication 86. Bishop Museum Press and EJ. Brill: Honolulu and Leiden." type="book chapter" year="1989">Kurahashi (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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, but placed in its own, monotypic tribe (he also adds West Irian to the range of C.
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<emphasis box="[2000,2190,420,459]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">splendens).</emphasis>
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I do this on good phenetic grounds. Examination of a specimen of each sex of C.
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<emphasis box="[1592,1754,512,551]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">splendens</emphasis>
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Macquart and a female of the
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<typeStatus box="[1288,1358,558,597]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">type</typeStatus>
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species, C.
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<emphasis box="[1576,1682,558,597]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">ingens</emphasis>
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(Walker), shows that they closely resemble
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brauer & Bergenstamm" authorityYear="1890" box="[1455,1637,604,643]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Paramenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1455,1637,604,643]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Paramenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. in the relatively large size, the rather distinctive coloration, the absence of the facial carina and apical
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<emphasis box="[1467,1509,696,735]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">pv</emphasis>
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spine on the hind tibia, and the presence of a posthumeral bristle set in front of or a little externally to the presutural bristle. These attributes are probably all plesiomorphic, and the tribe may well be paraphyletic; but that is a small price to pay for a more balanced classification. (A referee has pointed out that, in any case,
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<emphasis box="[1289,1557,972,1011]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Catapicephalini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kurahashi, H." box="[1574,1849,972,1011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" pagination="86" refId="ref24889" refString="Kurahashi, H., 1989. 109. Family Calliphoridae. In (N. Evenhuis, ed.) Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic Regions Bishop Museum Special Publication 86. Bishop Museum Press and EJ. Brill: Honolulu and Leiden." type="book chapter" year="1989">Kurahashi, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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is a
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<emphasis box="[1941,2205,972,1011]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">nomen nudum).</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1398,2161,1102,1140]" box="[1398,2161,1102,1140]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName authority="Brauer & Bergenstamm" authorityName="Brauer & Bergenstamm" authorityYear="1890" box="[1524,2161,1102,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Paramenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1524,1717,1102,1140]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Paramenia</emphasis>
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Brauer & Bergenstamm
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1286,2272,1207,2165]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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The genus, which is confined to
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<collectingCountry box="[1820,1971,1207,1245]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and New
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<collectingCountry box="[2140,2262,1207,1245]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, is very distinct: principally in lacking the facial carina, which is well developed in other genera (differences from the non-Australian
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[1621,1861,1345,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Catapicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1621,1861,1345,1383]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Catapicephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are given in the key to genera). Unlike other ameniines, the prosternal setae may also be reduced or absent, an attribute that was regarded by
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<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[1340,1617,1483,1521]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" pagination="33 - 140" refId="ref24684" refString="Crosskey, R. W., 1965. A systematic revision of the Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 16: 33 - 140." type="journal article" year="1965">Crosskey (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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as of little or no taxonomic use within
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<emphasis box="[1286,1481,1529,1567]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brauer & Bergenstamm" authorityYear="1890" box="[1286,1476,1529,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Paramenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paramenia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Per contra, I find that there are always at least 2-3 fine hairs present in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brauer & Bergenstamm" authorityYear="1889" box="[1728,1992,1575,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Paramenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiauriceps">
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<emphasis box="[1728,1992,1575,1613]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">P. semiauriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<specimenCount box="[2022,2258,1575,1613]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" type="generic">63 specimens</specimenCount>
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) whereas they are almost always lacking (6/7
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<emphasis box="[2033,2091,1617,1660]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">cS cS,</emphasis>
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9/109 9) in
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<emphasis box="[1335,1760,1667,1705]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crosskey" authorityYear="1965" box="[1335,1755,1667,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Paramenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">Paramenia angustifrons</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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I have added this feature to the key below, as well as the difference in relative width of the gena. Crosskey noted the latter feature, but I have used my own system of measurement (see Part 1). I might add that PCA of a set of head dimensions (not shown) clearly separates the two species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1286,2272,1207,2165]" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
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I can add nothing else to Crosskey's detailed descriptions, beyond noting that both species have a small tuft of setulae on the suprasquamal ridge, as in all the large species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[1687,1818,2080,2119]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis box="[1687,1818,2080,2119]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">Amenia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(i.e., excluding
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[2106,2270,2080,2119]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysame">
|
|
<emphasis box="[2106,2270,2080,2119]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">chrysame</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[1367,1591,2127,2165]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="112">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1367,1574,2127,2165]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">longicornis</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |