261 lines
32 KiB
XML
261 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="A4D50462E18733FF269917FAA28B9015" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5ae70c3f-6614-45c1-87f1-737919894531" ModsDocID="z01116p029" checkinTime="1247232504979" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Francisco Provenzano & Nadia Milani" docDate="2006" docId="26E39D66E23A8F3A4A577F8342CD4E02" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Provenzano_Milani_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1116" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A3A1A678-3619-48D3-AD5F-1DD0F3A94E22" docTitle="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani, 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="477F400CA088A6262D07F82C07CB703E" masterDocTitle="Cordylancistrus nephelion (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), a new and endangered species of suckermouth armored catfish from the Tuy River, north-central Venezuela." masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1701326003195" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="22D034CA6105805F24CBD1BDA22EB040">Cordylancistrus nephelion (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), a new and endangered species of suckermouth armored catfish from the Tuy River, north-central Venezuela.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7361B58B42B0D5FB4D6A60AB577A1724" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8CB76C0758810A25ECF01FABA285C249">Francisco Provenzano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="49157950F6752141DA299ADFAAF98473" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4880CC97B6D1B6D97AD5C510700481FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1AFDE3155FFF3655BE406B327166D88F">Nadia Milani</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="265CA1AB4DBF59321108AABB2C85B3A0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="603D5AB2C754F0ABBA68E35E6EF123F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EDF4B6C53DE6552E62959998BFE93D21">
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<mods:date id="659A3E6B9F800B88945E35D598D8B3F9">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E295FB29556BB41035F994453354649C">1116</mods:number>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="E5AB4F5686740855C23560DCB80A8AB7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C76CE525D5D0BC4DA9FD0640D6E2CC22" type="Plazi-Custom">z01116p029</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="26E39D66E23A8F3A4A577F8342CD4E02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262201" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262201" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/26E39D66E23A8F3A4A577F8342CD4E02" lastPageNumber="36" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="1861A560B34E997A29F08F169BD7D116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E3F90BE42AAD4BC4D337D5FBE59241E6" pageNumber="31">
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||
<taxonomicName id="79A605F4EDF05FC8CE6A2E5C4A634B70" ID-CoL="YCPQ" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">Cordylancistrus nephelion</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4E2BEEBAB9121BFE7F1174FBA7CC9BFA" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38E6B333EFF93344D7090711DDB88088" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B741AF84DACAFD670D94B45ECF1E83BD" pageNumber="31">Figs. 1-2, Table 1</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="22AED305EA1A2DA787849A7010FBD53D" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A63B20059FEB6C295D7A9E1E849B7E79" pageNumber="31">
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<materialsCitation id="50EC4EC099E49B2FF07D54AB531D252B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893732" country="Venezuela" stateProvince="Miranda State">
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<typeStatus id="89DFE4B817C28FCCCBCC46EE01F170C7">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="2F690AB3500C095E297F8417C353864E">MBUCV-V-</collectionCode>
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21800, 129.1 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="A45F321DFBBD6BBC77529E62A0529DCB">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, Caribbean Sea basin, Tuy River system, Mesia River, tributary of the Guare River, near Village Corocito, approximately
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<geoCoordinate id="2C7216FD975C28503F49C494DA674BA1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.2">10°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="504DB23DDF1A1FB1B71B00EC5485FDD8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-67.083336">67°05'W</geoCoordinate>
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; N. Padilla and H. Camejo;
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<date id="3C86D615FCDB1C40728AD3AE304DB0A7" day="26" month="01" value="1992-01-26" year="1992">26 January 1992</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00BCDC3CFA8777662D3878375A37A9F2" pageNumber="31">
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<materialsCitation id="176CD0DAC0E92D7A90875BD94AB4D17F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893729" country="Venezuela" stateProvince="Miranda State">
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<typeStatus id="D09F47277654CF7EECBB24CE5809C8BA">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
: All from
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<collectingCountry id="39D11C52DFD0321B0CCDF8D242E78156">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
, Caribbean Sea basin, Tuy River system.
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<collectingRegion id="1DC3A6336207AC7D1E51956873209BC6">Miranda State</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectionCode id="B260E15F06AD6F1BEB5EA4F1A025D49A">MBUCV-V-</collectionCode>
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21801, 1 ex., 121.2 mm SL; collected with the holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="C385DA2511109FFD64596D301E2389B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893728" country="Venezuela" stateProvince="Miranda State">
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<collectionCode id="AA42F3CF3EEFF9F084AA12BC3FB9DCE7">MBUCV-V-</collectionCode>
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12526, 1 ex., 61.0 mm SL; Grande River approximately 500 m upstream from its mouth in Santa Cruz River, a tributary of Taguaza River, Guatopo National Park, approx.
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<geoCoordinate id="91C6E13B4E14D13577229818AC2D91E8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.083333">10°05'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E50C1DF32706F9C378BF50715B94C87A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-66.48333">66°29'W</geoCoordinate>
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; R. Royero and party;
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<date id="7D2AA61FB9D022A9C65F72D082418537" day="01" month="03" value="1981-03-01" year="1981">01 March 1981</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="8F213EB716B13256CF9C67663BD366EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893726" country="Venezuela" stateProvince="Miranda State">
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<collectionCode id="937525A70F6F595411E5C50956EA9F9C">MBUCV-V-</collectionCode>
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16382, 1 ex., 55.2 mm SL; Mesia River, tributary of the Guare River, Paso del Viento, near the road to
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<normalizedToken id="608406F37E1FB28323048A6338E981F1" originalValue="Tácata">Tacata</normalizedToken>
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, approx.
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<geoCoordinate id="9B8C4AF834B6045CD5622F1E142F1FD1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.2">10°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EB35EEC83BAB15B6617C3A97C20B54E6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-67.03333">67°02'W</geoCoordinate>
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; N. Padilla and L. Aguana;
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<date id="A6E8E176687B12A30BDF27E4D66B7D8F" day="30" month="01" value="1992-01-30" year="1992">30 January 1992</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="BF6FADD1110DD31862A9C4318614F020" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893730" country="Venezuela" stateProvince="Miranda State">
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<collectionCode id="C64A5CD19029B41412DF1BAFC4C39C28">MBUCV-V-</collectionCode>
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||
21806, 1 ex., 31.1 mm SL; Cagua River, Boca de Cagua, approximately 10 km E of Village Guayas, approx.
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<geoCoordinate id="1AD05C8B8C8892C209CBEE31F1EF8890" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.233334">10°14'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="BBB2C5F3051A71A0677536619364963C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-67.11667">67°07'W</geoCoordinate>
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; R. Royero, F. Gil and C. Navarrese,
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<date id="D7FC080778268A2A72295A25B1A7FDB8" day="06" month="04" value="1991-04-06" year="1991">06 April 1991</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="13A9DDD569EA2A187587F6AE04F8BBBC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893727" country="Venezuela" stateProvince="Miranda State">
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||
<collectionCode id="5EA190785359079EA50EDB15155D3A2C">MBUCV-V-</collectionCode>
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27872, 1 ex, 76.4 mm SL; Mesia River, tributary of the Guare River, Pozo El Cirilo, near Village El Salado, approx.
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<geoCoordinate id="54CFD53411A2FAAFE2D210C4ECDA3623" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.216666">10°13'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="E5D49FC8030F25AE82204E51DE3B07F9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-67.05">67°03'W</geoCoordinate>
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; N. Padilla and E. Camejo;
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<date id="DAE3FC6C9A80C3C79944FED4EE9235A5" day="29" month="05" value="1994-05-29" year="1994">29 May 1994</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="EF8BF5D9B04421AEDD684F93A0F1F620" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923893731" country="Venezuela" stateProvince="Aragua State">
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||
<collectingRegion id="519573B6589DA8BF446448B55A097E42">Aragua State</collectingRegion>
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||
:
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||
<collectionCode id="F4C553B9E2F50E854DE56EC79684E4D6">MBUCV-V-</collectionCode>
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22700, 1 ex., 75.9 mm SL; Quebrada Agua Amarilla, a tributary of the Cagua River, Village Agua Amarilla, SE of Tejerias, approx.
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<geoCoordinate id="0E0E5AEFB51678370AB9702120237B29" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.2">10°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1589BA611C5DFBFA83502F3B8C1128A8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-67.05">67°03'W</geoCoordinate>
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; N. Padilla;
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<date id="0C8DC0E21D8A0DFA85E4586D100930D5" day="23" month="02" value="1992-02-23" year="1992">23 February 1992</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E5BAE9E33A5345A36826F13988F26BB3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9835D9C0687835316372888A1D55A408" pageNumber="31">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="DDFA7B837FC7151378ECD6E0B9C68265" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">Cordylancistrus nephelion</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the other species assigned to its genus by its unique color pattern. Head and body blackish to greenish brown with white irregular spots. Abdomen uniformly white. All fins with whitish spots that simulate bands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BF472361DC4D3CDA357D153031EEE76C" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="852E227355BFA1E613BEC7BF1F009BEB" lastPageNumber="32" pageNumber="31">Description. Morphometric data are given in Table 1. Head wide and slightly depressed. Snout edge covered with small plates, its contour oval. Eyes in dorsal position, dorsal edge of the orbits slightly raised, small odontodes found around orbits. Interorbital space flat. Posterior edge of the supraoccipital without a fleshy keel. Mouth wide, lips papillose, papillae of the anterior lip slightly larger. Edge of the posterior lip with marked undulations. Maxillary barbels very short and joined to lower lip by a fleshy flap, leaving tip of barbel free. Premaxilla and dentary enlarged. Inside mouth behind premaxilla with three to five larger papillae. Also behind the dentary three to five larger and smooth papillae present that increase in size toward center of mouth (Fig. 2). Teeth numerous, 49 to 105 teeth on each premaxilla and 53 to 129 on each dentary. Teeth are very thin and elongated, with apex curved toward interior of mouth. Teeth bifurcate, one lobe slightly longer than other, both tips are pointed. Tooth apex yellowish, stalk whitish. Interopercular hypertrophied evertible odontodes vary in size; longest odontode sometimes reaches the cleithrum but surpasses it in only one specimen. Hypertrophied odontodes vary in number from six on smallest specimen to 25 on the largest. Body robust and relatively deep. Caudal peduncle compressed. Lateral plates of the body without spiny keels. Lateral line plates 23 to 24. Post-anal plates 10 to 11. Inter-dorsal plates six, the last with a slight keel. Ventral surface of body naked to origin of anal fin. Dorsal fin I8. Pectoral fin I6, pectoral spine relatively short, reaching one-third length of pelvic spine or less. In all examined specimens, pectoral spine with odontodes on posterodorsal surface. Anal fin with four branched rays, three on one specimen. Pelvic fin I5. Caudal fin I14I, obliquely truncate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7FD1181C6315BC7746D49D3D68A4A543" pageNumber="32">Color. In specimens preserved in 70% ethanol head and body color varies from blackish to greenish brown with white irregular spots; abdomen uniformly white. Dorsal surface of head with small spots that become larger posteriorly. Spots along body approximately as wide as the eye; in some cases two or more spots unite to form a spot of greater size. Spine and branched rays of dorsal fin with four to five whitish spots. Interradial membrane with irregular translucent spots, more evident towards the distal margin. In largest specimens (121 and 129 mm SL), pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin spine have six to seven whitish spots and branched rays have five to six, while in smaller specimens (76.4 mm SL or less) spines with four to five and branched rays with three to four. Interradial membrane hyaline. Anal fin generally whitish with dark distal border. Adipose fin with whitish band. Caudal-fin spines with six to seven whitish spots and branched rays with four to six. Interradial membrane with pattern similar to dorsal fin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="01219C1AA8021CB7386389151E36D454" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="D942D650093D94BCA6924DEC5D5A13CE" pageNumber="32">
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Range. The specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="E173D941A49C1C728F29ED5B42E13B02" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">Cordylancistrus nephelion</taxonomicName>
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were captured in three tributaries of the Tuy River: the Cagua River, the Mesia River (a tributary of the Guare River) and the Santa Cruz River (a tributary of the Taguaza River) at 40 km, 55 km and 130 km east of the headwaters of the Tuy River respectively (Fig. 3). This distribution suggests that the species may be present throughout the Tuy River basin.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="629AD4414A06D48654BAB1D623066A1B" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="645372585239CD3DCAE6C7CC85FA34D6" pageNumber="32">
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||
The species seems to inhabit small rivers of the north slope of the
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<normalizedToken id="31A4FADDF05F764216B29AFBA5C920A8" originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Interior, Cordillera de La Costa. These rivers have transparent waters, with moderate to strong flow and a temperature of 15° to 20° C. The bottom generally consists of stone, gravel and sand. The predominant vegetation in this mountainous area is cloud forest.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A03808C15B7FDC658FEF6CF26A913B59" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E732ED8E6CBB1A5610BBD9CF2209CF13" pageNumber="32">
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An exhaustive review of the Venezuelan fish collections shows that the geographic distribution of the three species of
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<taxonomicName id="129A151C8F67A1486010402D6F6778E6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC189F42-3B10-43C7-9456-96BAED9CB821" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus Isbrücker 1980:48" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cordylancistrus</taxonomicName>
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present in the country is restricted and disjunct.
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<taxonomicName id="6053FEFB1FEF3E91A46B4142308B26BF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torbesensis">Cordylancistrus torbesensis</taxonomicName>
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inhabits the foothill rivers of the south slope of the Cordillera de
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<normalizedToken id="13AEA28E9698033B0B88CE3C558CC1D4" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
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||
;
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||
<taxonomicName id="8C9052DA1B0B728B142A77C7E78D8A82" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1ED84969-F7D9-407A-864E-2DB1BF71CA99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus perijae Pérez & Provenzano R. 1996" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perijae">C. perijae</taxonomicName>
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is found in rivers of the eastern slope, north of the Sierra of
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<normalizedToken id="AF22770D5DC09C782703F4CCBBF36AA1" originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="E926ACB4D43209196BA8156490E0C34C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">C. nephelion</taxonomicName>
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inhabits the Tuy River basin, in rivers of the north slope of the
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<normalizedToken id="61D028AAB4EF9A07069696FD90107B1A" originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
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of the Interior, Cordillera de La Costa (Fig. 3).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="213F6BB35077C6B12D598EB7750251D1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C809FD9A3F1D8A7BDB45EEFD373BE87" pageNumber="35">Etymology. The name of the species is taken from the Greek word nephelion, meaning cloudlike spots, in reference to the color pattern of the species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="532D336A42B40CD644EF6D043B38DD38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB9C86BDF3A6BEBAA42C0C4B365E30D5" pageNumber="35">Discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7AA2C19E9F690282BED6533B5EA93EBE" lastPageNumber="36" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Comparisons. The external morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23EC25736C61532CE022CFCB076248BD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">C. nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FEC7114258E398FC4A750053877AA65" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1ED84969-F7D9-407A-864E-2DB1BF71CA99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus perijae Pérez & Provenzano R. 1996" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perijae">C. perijae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species possess a robust body and both reach a similar maximum size that is larger than the maximum size of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4532B5949391160750833C9F7F69EF2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC189F42-3B10-43C7-9456-96BAED9CB821" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus Isbrücker 1980:48" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cordylancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The remaining species possesses a more depressed body.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C2EE9585C7551235EACFCCC1ED77499" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">Cordylancistrus nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
separates easily from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C85E559606FFA17579911C336177249" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platycephalus">C. platycephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of keels on lateral plates of the body.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="429B7B84869E15167A52E9C7192FF4E2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">Cordylancistrus nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88C0613580BC615F06D514EA5ADA88E3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyrhynchus">C. platyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the number of odontodes in the interopercular area (six or more large odontodes vs. two or three smaller ones).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEAFAC1309979A62B5A6D703A92F0586" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">Cordylancistrus nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="928CFDCE83B5F97629F549AAAE0EEE56" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torbesensis">C. torbesensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="376A69A0CACFD8886FCF3A6C28E7A036" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1ED84969-F7D9-407A-864E-2DB1BF71CA99" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus perijae Pérez & Provenzano R. 1996" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perijae">C. perijae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the latter two species have the edge of the posterior lip without undulations and the edge of the posterior lip of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A66FE871951D9ABAB36B3A313ECE0EDA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">C. nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
has undulations. Finally, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E78770BA01763FFC9E8892D83DE717BA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">C. nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
the exposed area of the opercle is small, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEAA071D2F45489008DC18015122AF71" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daguae">C. daguae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the exposed area of the opercle is of greater size, very evident and extended posteriorly. Table 3 shows the morphometric data of the species currently assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DABB5CA7FD53CD8DE89B0812E1546E99" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC189F42-3B10-43C7-9456-96BAED9CB821" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus Isbrücker 1980:48" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cordylancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The morphometric data that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2F4CFD24C62F34EB0127270A0964311" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">C. nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the other species are postdorsal distance, postanal length, cleithral width, length of dorsal-fin base and caudal peduncle depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3FEBE53162A01AD58557D7E37D054AC1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2E8CD74CEA77270103FA3AF7D11CCC" lastPageNumber="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Observations. Collections in the Tuy River basin (Eigenmann, 1920; Schultz, 1944;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E068C96E5AE5EB9A610F101B9D9D0636" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3268E0612EC58145CBDD2079D37FF00" originalValue="Yépez">Yepez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1945) have produced a list of fish species inhabiting this basin and the description of three new species of loricariid catfishes,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C28E78F3ACFB8400692159BB9A35CB8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B9086225-22D9-4BC4-AA4C-39B50FC0D58F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ancistrus brevifilis Eigenmann 1920:7" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevifilis">Ancistrus brevifilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7549C715D269BABB696CEBF6147A877A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pearsei">Chaetostoma pearsei Eigenmann 1920</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAFF01A31D0BB52ECDA478628D9D366D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A55EC642-A989-45F4-94A4-6895478D45FE" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chaetostoma dupouii Fernández-Yépez 1945:27 [3]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dupouii">
|
||
Chaetostoma dupouii
|
||
<normalizedToken id="72635AE216B31A5FD34CF427B53AF8A6" originalValue="Fernández-Yépez">Fernandez-Yepez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1945
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2DDAF66F223D739CE7994958D290F8E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guairense">Chaetostoma guairense Steindachner, 1881</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from the basin. Other loricariid catfishes that apparently came from the Tuy River basin are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="205593B97CC13BC412A64844969BDFB4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:40448ECF-FF4A-405C-9A1F-A78C908BB690" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Farlowella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Farlowella acus venezuelensis Martín Salazar 1964:250" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acus">Farlowella acus (Kner, 1853)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C303FD0A855355121A2E8087E91B7D10" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lasiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">Lasiancistrus mystacinus (Kner, 1854)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9CFC8A1A28BDD1EB6CC7C0F4FE517C4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rineloricaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caracasensis">Rineloricaria caracasensis (Bleeker, 1862)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C44136FEF66825A8B845C7C7AA924E49" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Squaliforma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villarsi">
|
||
Squaliforma villarsi (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="210DAFA8CB68A2F8B60FEAE40E17AA12" originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1874)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mago-Leccia (1968) presented an inventory of the fishes from the Guaire River and the Tuy River basin and included the following additional species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE2D62BD2895FB9CE91E73266315CBA3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B3803885-682F-4807-A975-1839E719B4E5" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Loricaria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Loricaria Linnaeus 1758:307" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Loricaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97909D28B960C21D42BAD64D7E840B1E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plecostomus">Hypostomus plecostomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B15FE495A6523DA12D70DDC5F1AA923F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50714B2D-00D6-4445-BAD1-CB9DCA9D9F5B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus emarginatus Valenciennes 1840:500" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emarginatus">Hypostomus emarginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AD530143B8FE686A50F91840E6E34D4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Squaliforma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emarginata">Squaliforma emarginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The discovery of a species new to science in the Tuy River basin, despite the prior inventories and the basin’s relatively small size, suggests the following non-exclusive possibilities: 1) The population density of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86ABD2717A327BED92C4D71BDCF58CA1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">C. nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been continuously low and is not a recent result or sampling artifact; 2) The species inhabits restricted areas of the basin where peculiar environmental conditions are found. At the moment,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B614EB41F177D7409A3E3A00FFA01DBB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E0501EB-1364-4851-8E25-D499E73CB754" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus nephelion Provenzano & Milani 2006" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nephelion">C. nephelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other fish species of this basin are obliged to live in the few remaining small rivers that have not been contaminated with pollution or rendered impassable by dams. The Tuy River basin is extremely altered, and the Tuy River proper and almost all of its tributaries (Guaire, Caucagua Rivers and others) are highly contaminated by the urban and industrial waste of human conglomerates and industries. Other tributaries, including the Lagartijo, Taguaza and Taguazita Rivers have been dammed for water supply. Because of this environmental degradation, there are very few areas where the autochthonous fish fauna can take refuge and survive. If government institutions fail to establish recovery or protection plans, the extinction of this new species and others that are endemic to the basin will be a very distinct possibility. The extinction of these species would imply not only the loss of the biological information that it represents, but also the loss of information on the evolutionary history of the Tuy River and of the La Costa mountain range. Such a loss would reduce the biodiversity of northern Venezuela significantly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |