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<mods:title id="170E056475EF8C623A89AFE51BEC9FC4">A review of the Acridinae s. str. (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Acrididae) of eastern Africa with taxonomic changes and description of new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42180578B7EF2E85F4EBA8A00A761B64">Popov †, George B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="48E779582D2DCD94BD9C19C458A457A0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158302137" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:48E779582D2DCD94BD9C19C458A457A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48E779582D2DCD94BD9C19C458A457A0" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection id="72F40E3E7219F3E367C60A900ED8D015" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A24174556E36F6B3498AA621822410DC" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="513F1E77878E23755C06045755FA8634" ID-CoL="8P324" ID-ENA="1034453" authority="Karsch, 1893" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zacompsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zacompsa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zacompsa Karsch, 1893</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEB7DB85913E400BC8C254453CBEBFE5" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B3CD56D4A404F5C8179F4D9651332C08" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="98EECCBE091E8AC91108E429A29C4DA3" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zacompsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zacompsa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zacompsa</taxonomicName>
Karsch, 1893: 54, 74.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76E5DD0C97579C93C573B094966B1DFC" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" type="type species">
<paragraph id="2171C0B587C7BFA2386BC4066FC58D89" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E14E48D63926827F4B8CE13B81076D62" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
-
<taxonomicName id="D575EEBCA70A687E7DFD7D5ADF784560" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zacompsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zacompsa festa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festa">Zacompsa festa</taxonomicName>
Karsch, 1893: 74, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DC1193556A999F572CCA8CBCD17C7C8" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A57369F04AC23F884D7CC634F1F490F" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADE76F26390BA43C03CF0B72A50E35C8" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
-Size small to medium (males 15-24, females 22-31 mm); moderately robust. Integument shiny, finely dotted. Antennae filiform, somewhat compressed in basal third. Frons oblique, weakly convex in profile; frontal ridge shallowly sulcate, margins obtuse, partly obliterate and divergent below ocellus. Fastigium more or less concave, trapezoidal to oblong; lateral carinulae distinct, but medial carinula obsolescent; transverse arcuate sulcus weak. Temporal foveolae concealed from above, elongate, shallow and indistinct, sometimes obliterate. Pronotum subcylindrical; medial carina thick and strong, lateral carinae usually weak, especially in metazona and between first and second transverse sulci, while strongest and somewhat convergent in prozona. All three transverse sulci distinct, the third, and sometimes the first, interrupting medial carina. Metazona distinctly shorter than prozona, its hind margin obtuse-angular, or broadly rounded. Mesosternal interspace open. Tegmina and wings fully developed or shortened. Membrane of tegmen parchment-like, reticulation moderately dense, intercalary vein present but weak. Hind femur of medium build, genicular lobes of equal length, rounded. Arolium large. Male supra-anal plate elongate-cordate, sulcate; cercus narrow, tapering and obtuse apically. Epiphallus with moderately narrow, arcuate bridge, large ancorae, elongate, pointed posterior processes and elongate, finger-shaped lophi (Fig. 24). Spermathecal duct (Figs 327, 329) of usual structure for
<taxonomicName id="93824CF903C6F7101C3658A1C5903F78" lsidName="" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Gymnobothrini">Gymnobothrini</taxonomicName>
. Ovipositor short with robust valves; lower pair with rounded external lateral projections. Coloration in all taxa bold contrasting pattern of alternating pale and dark stripes on dorsum and sides of body (Fig. 323). Three pale stripes may vary in shade from ivory-white to darker yellowish. One is a broad stripe on dorsum extending from fastigium to tip of tegmina, and other two lie one each on lower half of body, including sides of abdomen; between them are two dark stripes in shades of blackish-brown one each in upper half of body, extending from antennal sockets to tip of tegmina. Hind knee also black, but hind femur is otherwise yellowish-orange. A typical speckled coloration may occasionally occur in some females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB27AEE5241484F6B52E73E44B0B002E" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F12EF9AEB8C00F31DB90B0836843AD6C" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18489020F850FA465E17A4658B509382" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
-In reviewing the African
<taxonomicName id="F313A6CB8E0C7B6F079A758CEBE95E5F" lsidName="" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Gymnobothrini">Gymnobothrini</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CA42C87778CD4E0A2463BABF820174D1" author="Uvarov, BP" journalOrPublisher="Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola" pageId="51" pageNumber="88" pagination="9 - 217" title="Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) of Angola and Northern Rhodesia collected by Dr. Malcolm Burr in 1927 - 28." volume="21" year="1953">Uvarov (1953)</bibRefCitation>
diagnosed
<taxonomicName id="8C58A05088ABD5F23F8F246F21BEEB3E" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zacompsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zacompsa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zacompsa</taxonomicName>
, based on
<taxonomicName id="81CF4DF7E00B106278A9FE14F0ACEA16" genus="Acridina" lsidName="Acridina festa" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="festa">festa</taxonomicName>
, Karsch, as distinct, on the basis of its non-constricted, almost cylindrical pronotum with typical sulcus placed distinctly behind middle and its peculiar striped patterning. Certain genera, previously attributed by him to
<taxonomicName id="3D2B1A018ADDBD4D3E9B3DA0E35C3AC1" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zacompsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zacompsa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zacompsa</taxonomicName>
as synonyms (
<bibRefCitation id="C53E84FD40F15698B90D1B87CB56F08C" author="Uvarov, BP" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="88" pagination="413 - 453" title="Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Northern Nigeria." volume="1925" year="1926">Uvarov 1926</bibRefCitation>
), were reallocated to
<taxonomicName id="6FA21CB3221C65B09C19600F995AB1B3" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Gymnobothroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnobothroides" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gymnobothroides</taxonomicName>
Karny, whilst others became synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="2E28025BA4534721FA6FDFADA84047D9" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Gymnobothrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnobothrus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gymnobothrus</taxonomicName>
I.
<normalizedToken id="B4B1485C3487E1377980AB121455346C" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName id="0C2A5B64639D723821C2162393A27C1D" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochirista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudochirista" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudochirista</taxonomicName>
Karsch,
<taxonomicName id="0E5AC2FB627B20AB71DF010397ABB7B0" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Ogmothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ogmothela" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ogmothela</taxonomicName>
I.
<normalizedToken id="B29F49FA1D4CF4FC252D2B7825056269" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="456B5889BCBFB3406D0FF9B881373199" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
Five species have at different times been attributed to
<taxonomicName id="D78140F14B414B690D745AE43955EBBF" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zacompsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zacompsa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zacompsa</taxonomicName>
by different authors:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B1FFDC37ACE9BCCABF0D4346845164FD" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
1.
<taxonomicName id="EC63F11966866BB8C4F6F1B4085E7595" lsidName="Z. festa" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="festa">Z. festa</taxonomicName>
Karsch, 1893: male, female types, TOGO: Bismarckburg (MfN).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80E719C2A0176D1D030BD0A5768282EA" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
2.
<taxonomicName id="8177E712D270C4CA2F3A2BACA5BFA5E1" lsidName="Z. bivittata" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="bivittata">Z. bivittata</taxonomicName>
Uvarov, 1926: Holotype female, N. NIGERIA (NHMUK) as
<taxonomicName id="54A32F280BB2F0B1445367CB9C46E015" infraspecific-rank="var." lsidName="Z. festa var. bivittata" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="variety" species="festa" variety="bivittata">Z. festa var. bivittata</taxonomicName>
, subsequently elevated to species rank
<taxonomicName id="4FF683D6747E8C11676204CFD931661D" lsidName="Z. bivittata" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="bivittata">Z. bivittata</taxonomicName>
by Ramme, 1931: 931.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0508D2317725981C48EAF6B3B865F97A" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
3.
<taxonomicName id="7863AB01FD3C4303640E0BD155B574DE" lsidName="Z. karschi" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="karschi">Z. karschi</taxonomicName>
Ramme, 1929: Holotype male, CAMEROON: Benue (MfN).
<bibRefCitation id="A37E4C92F140EC1E67699BA7943A08AF" author="Ramme, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin" pageId="50" pageNumber="87" pagination="918 - 945" title="Ergaenzungen und Berichtigungen zu meiner Arbeit Afrikanische Acrididae." volume="16" year="1931">Ramme (1931)</bibRefCitation>
later changed its status to
<taxonomicName id="BB6C62D4A3CE068B6F2526FCBBDC1812" lsidName="Z. bivittata" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="bivittata" subSpecies="karschi">Z. bivittata karschi</taxonomicName>
. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="732F012F6CCF85BB8D2B981088F1703B" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">Dirsh (1970)</bibRefCitation>
rendered it a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="3A93674745114854B15B47C8E1AA7B1A" lsidName="Z. bivittata" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="bivittata">Z. bivittata</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94B0587DB8D5E5625CF3EEFF242457BC" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
4.
<taxonomicName id="70A148247E99C69E0047B86511DDB679" lsidName="Z. pedestris" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="pedestris">Z. pedestris</taxonomicName>
Uvarov, 1953: 132. Holotype male, TANZANIA: Rukwa valley, Ikuu forest (NHMUK).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3716B0EEFFAD0D4A46DBEB29C1C4181D" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
5.
<taxonomicName id="8A06C604E7712E583AEB3D1CB038B26D" lsidName="Z. helonoma" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="helonoma">Z. helonoma</taxonomicName>
Jago, 1966: 351. Holotype male, GHANA: N. Region (NHMUK).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5AEE01BACB9F3577EC119C9B86825F48" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="44" pageNumber="81">
The present review recognises only two species: the highly localized
<taxonomicName id="7E49F6537341B3277F8808D8D8867DCB" lsidName="Z. pedestris" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="pedestris">Z. pedestris</taxonomicName>
Uvarov, 1953 (W. Tanzania, Ufipa-Rukwa) and the widespread
<taxonomicName id="F16C6A5EF4ACB369D5CEC555EAB174CB" genus="Acridina" lsidName="Acridina festa" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="festa">festa</taxonomicName>
Karsch, 1893 (W. Africa to Sudan and Eritrea). Within the latter, three geographically distinct subspecies can be identified: (i) the typical
<taxonomicName id="52CE550439A1CF86C505BC5359A77517" lsidName="Z. festa" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="festa" subSpecies="festa">Z. festa festa</taxonomicName>
Karsch, 1893 (Guinea savanna zone from Sierra Leone to Nigeria and Cameroon in moist grasslands within thickets (also montane, upland forests and riverine habitats); (ii)
<taxonomicName id="D403853B336B764949FD8A844E08CDA9" lsidName="Z. festa" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="festa" subSpecies="bivittata">Z. festa bivittata</taxonomicName>
Uvarov, 1926, Sahelian and Sudanian Zones from Senegal to Ethiopia and Eritrea (rather localized meso-hygrotypic grassland habitats often in association with woodlands and watercourses, but occasionally, e.g. in South Sudan, in open grasslands); (iii)
<taxonomicName id="66C27B75FEAF3800F75A0123775D3095" lsidName="Z. festa" pageId="44" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="festa" subSpecies="helonoma">Z. festa helonoma</taxonomicName>
(Jago, 1966)
<pageBreakToken id="0B992B02820DADB3529C1ACCAC438E7A" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" start="start">which</pageBreakToken>
is apparently an intermediate form between (i) and (ii) above; known so far only from northern Ghana.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0744373DD484EF54BCE36FD0A7703D92" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" type="editorial note">
<paragraph id="1A5F7915B243A0BDF258D29D414618B1" pageId="45" pageNumber="82">Editorial note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C6C2969BA4CD8A2FFC0428B4D0CBD88" pageId="45" pageNumber="82">
-No author has at any time doubted the validity or the specific distinctiveness of either
<taxonomicName id="4C59891874816183D5F1F1AA4D9C193F" lsidName="Z. festa" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="festa">Z. festa</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="3546B2B8D631E47A8F858B2F24FE819A" lsidName="Z. pedestris" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="pedestris">Z. pedestris</taxonomicName>
. The other species (
<taxonomicName id="B74C64E0E26A71E82D72C0F30657137D" genus="Acridina" lsidName="Acridina bivittata" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="bivittata">bivittata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="22B986C677CFB112A06CA4FBDFE682C7" genus="Acridina" lsidName="Acridina karschi" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="karschi">karschi</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="3A8E1437D2862D2E60090D744AFE38FF" genus="Acridina" lsidName="Acridina helonoma" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="helonoma">helonoma</taxonomicName>
) have, however, a more uncertain history (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="DB987D903D9C6DDEEC8DDED0E31F0AE3" author="Ramme, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin" pageId="50" pageNumber="87" pagination="918 - 945" title="Ergaenzungen und Berichtigungen zu meiner Arbeit Afrikanische Acrididae." volume="16" year="1931">Ramme 1931</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="56FA6105A02E5CF27820FA9383D97603" pageId="45" pageNumber="82">Dirsh 1970</bibRefCitation>
). Popov, as seen above, considered their distinctive characters to be insufficient for species status, and so proposed to reduce them all to subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="7746D76413CEC58E68D1FCD4BA547A3E" genus="Acridina" lsidName="Acridina festa" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="festa">festa</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="855EC3CB52E34562C93C531F3DD47D11" author="Mestre, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="50" pageNumber="87" pagination="483 - 495" title="Notes systematiques sur les genres Epistaurus, Bryophyma, Zacompsa et Acrotylus en Afrique de l'Ouest (Orthoptera, Acrididae)." volume="106" year="2001">Mestre (2001)</bibRefCitation>
independently came to the same conclusions but went further. After a study of specimens from all of West Africa, and of the original type specimens, he synonymized all
<taxonomicName id="24B1E37DB1EDA654B3CD84215A5DA07F" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zacompsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zacompsa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zacompsa</taxonomicName>
species, other than
<taxonomicName id="BE84D6C598C86F70AE9F916EFE84A2CB" lsidName="Z. pedestris" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="pedestris">Z. pedestris</taxonomicName>
, with
<taxonomicName id="CB48A706DF283BEB7D49713D7A23E83F" lsidName="Z. festa" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="festa">Z. festa</taxonomicName>
. Accordingly, we follow
<bibRefCitation id="61D94D1B2B6CA035BD16A265A84EA482" author="Mestre, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="50" pageNumber="87" pagination="483 - 495" title="Notes systematiques sur les genres Epistaurus, Bryophyma, Zacompsa et Acrotylus en Afrique de l'Ouest (Orthoptera, Acrididae)." volume="106" year="2001">Mestre (2001)</bibRefCitation>
and so omit
<normalizedToken id="30059F4728B73F2950B7A302194CB2D7" originalValue="Popovs">Popov's</normalizedToken>
key to subspecies and his treatments of them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6FC50F91FAAEB345F9C28A2400BBE9C2" pageId="45" pageNumber="82">
Key to species within the genus
<taxonomicName id="B8A8DCD4B473EC1F3F15A9432AD7DEBD" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zacompsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zacompsa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zacompsa</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE2BC4940728375DB0C3F4328BBF68D1" pageId="45" pageNumber="82">
<table id="B69FF69EC0C794F14C80F024A4BFDB01" pageId="45" pageNumber="82">
<tr id="3B0289544D6847A16DD314C6475D0087" pageId="45" pageNumber="82">
<td id="F087243EBD51E44F0A7D837603CCA151" colspan="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="1D2D6109CB9A6B72D329C02125727E95" lsidName="Z. pedestris" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="pedestris">Z. pedestris</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="58B55B6FBD6B560A10250509B9C27C74" pageId="45" pageNumber="82">
<td id="B6EC5D78808A5845A8F15A6F43365A38" colspan="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D94B9A49047268538F5042DB5A9BBA86" lsidName="Z. festa" pageId="45" pageNumber="82" rank="subSpecies" species="festa" subSpecies="festa">Z. festa festa</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>