178 lines
19 KiB
XML
178 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9058" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ded1c4ec-7600-49bf-8f39-d20eb6b00849" ID-PMC="PMC4992807" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-611-57" ID-PubMed="27594799" ID-ZBK="91F749DA0AFE41C69B4D626B147EA0DA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-611-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 611" ModsDocTitle="Revisions of the genera Lurama Schaus, 1928 and Ulmara Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the descriptions of three new Ulmara species and a new genus" checkinTime="1471317591627" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="St. Laurent, Ryan A." docDate="2016" docId="B0958F4099EC72AC319F008FFB5B64CF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 611: 57-92" docOrigin="ZooKeys 611" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9058" docTitle="Ulmara conjuncta St Laurent, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EC14FACE-6B67-4708-8E43-F99B4D12469C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="180EFFC04F09FFB5FFAEFF9DA6627021" masterDocTitle="Revisions of the genera Lurama Schaus, 1928 and Ulmara Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the descriptions of three new Ulmara species and a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="74" updateTime="1668163429241" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revisions of the genera Lurama Schaus, 1928 and Ulmara Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the descriptions of three new Ulmara species and a new genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>St. Laurent, Ryan A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>611</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>92</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9058</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9058</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-611-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">91F749DA0AFE41C69B4D626B147EA0DA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">91F749DA0AFE41C69B4D626B147EA0DA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127862671" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC14FACE-6B67-4708-8E43-F99B4D12469C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0958F4099EC72AC319F008FFB5B64CF" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="17" pageNumber="74">
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="74" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="74">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Mimallonidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="74">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/EC14FACE-6B67-4708-8E43-F99B4D12469C" authority="St Laurent" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta St Laurent</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="17" pageNumber="74">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 17-19, 25, 28; Map 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="75" start="start">Ulmara</pageBreakToken>
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rotunda
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C" editor="Kristensen, NP" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter, Berlin" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" pagination="322 - 353" title="18. The Bombycoidea and their Relatives." volumeTitle="Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, vol. 1: evolution, systematics, and biogeography (Handbuch der Zoologie)" year="1998">Lemaire and Minet 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: Fig. ♂ 18.2 B [
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. figured]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="75">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="75">
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Holotype, ♂. ECUADOR: Loja: ECUADOR: Loja. N Loja, road to Cuenca, 2220 m, 25 March 1993, Jan Hillman. Disturbed forest and pastures/ St Laurent diss.: 4-5-16:4/ HOLOTYPE ♂
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
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St Laurent, 2016 [handwritten red label] (CMNH).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="18" pageNumber="75">
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Paratypes, 23 ♂, 1 ♀. ECUADOR: Carchi: 2 ♂, El Angel Ecol. Reserve, road Tulcan-El Chical,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="0.8127778">0°48'46"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-78.01111">78°00'40"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3300 m: 14.XI.2012, leg. Victor Sinyaev, Expedition Ron Brechlin (MWM). 2 ♂, 70 km Road El Chical-Tulcan,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="0.8413889">0°50'29"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-78.056946">78°03'25"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2440 m: 22.XI.2012, leg. Sinyaev & Romanov, expedition Ron Brechlin (MWM). 5 ♂, El Angel Ecol. Reserve,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="0.77055556">0°46'14"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-78.0575">78°03'27"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2785 m: 9-11.XI.2012, leg. Victor Sinyaev, expedition Ron Brechlin (MWM). 1 ♂, Road El Chical to Carolinae,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="0.8388889">0°50'20"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-78.2275">78°13'39"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2360 m: 20.XI.2012, leg. Sinyaev & Romanov, Expedition Ron Brechlin (MWM). Azuay: 2 ♂, Cochabamba, Pan de Agucar,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-2.7716668">2°46'18"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-79.44778">79°26'52"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2840 m: 11.XII.2012, leg. Sinyaev & Romanov, expedition Ron Brechlin (MWM). Pichincha: 2 ♂, Camping Bella Vista,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-0.011388889">0°00'41"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-78.68806">78°41'17"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2230 m: leg. V. Siniaev & Romanov (MWM). Napo: 1 ♂, Cordillera Huacamayos [Cordillera Guacamayos], Estero Chico, virgin humid forest, 2650 m: 5.VIII.1996, J. Hillman, St Laurent diss.: 4-8-16:1 (CMNH). 1 ♂, Cordillera Huacamayos [Cordillera Guacamayos], San Isidro, Rio Aliso, 00-37-36S, 77-57-12W, deforested hacienda, 2250 m: 3.VIII.1996, Jan Hillman (CMNH). 1 ♂, Cordillera Huacamayos [Cordillera Guacamayos], San Fernando de Sierra Azul, disturbed montane forest, 2350 m: 4.VIII.1996, Jan Hillman (CMNH). 1 ♂, Rte Pifo to Baeza, km 52, 2600 m: 2-3.II.1975, H. Descimon, C. Herbulot, C. Lemaire, P. Thiaucourt, N.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="76" start="start">Venedictoff</pageBreakToken>
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, Brit. Mus. 1975-140,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">Ulmara rotunda</taxonomicName>
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Dognin det. J.E. Chainey, 2003, NHMUK010355071 (NHMUK). 1 ♂, 6 km SE of Cosanga,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-0.6205556">0°37'14"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-77.90222">77°54'08"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2240 m: 22.I.2012, leg. R. Brechlin & Siniaev (MWM). Morona-Santiago: 1 ♂, Rte Gualaceo to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
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, km 41, 2400 m: 10-11.I.1975, H. Descimon, C. Herbulot, C. Lemaire, P. Thiaucourt, N. Venedictoff, St Laurent diss.: 4-15-16:3, Brit. Mus. 1975-140,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">Ulmara rotunda</taxonomicName>
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Dognin det. J.E. Chainey, 2003, NHMUK010355072 (NHMUK). 1 ♂, 9 km W Plan de Milagro to Gualaceo,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.001111">3°00'04"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-78.51361">78°30'49"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2375 m: 6-7.III.2013, leg. Ackermann,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Käch">Kaech</normalizedToken>
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& Dr. R. Brechlin (MWM). 2 ♂, Road Gualaceo-Plan de Milagro,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.0233333">3°01'24"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-78.585">78°35'06"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2157 m: 21.XI.2011, leg. V. Siniaev & O. Romanov (MWM). Loja: 1 ♀, Road between Loja-Zamora,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.9791667">3°58'45"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-79.141106">79°08'28"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2700 m: 22.II.2012, leg. R. Brechlin & V. Siniaev, St Laurent diss.: 4-19-16:1 (MWM). - All paratypes with the following yellow label: PARATYPE ♂/♀
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
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St Laurent, 2016.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="76">
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This new species is most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">Ulmara rotunda</taxonomicName>
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in external appearance, but can be distinguished from it by the more southerly distribution, darker, nearly black ground color, smaller size overall, lack of a brown inner edging along the postmedial line of the fore and hindwings, and the near absence of the postmedial line on the ventrum of the wings. The male genitalia also offer good characters for differentiation: in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
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the gnathos is fused mesally, giving rise to a thin plate-like extension, smaller, more rounded valves, and the sharply downwardly bent phallus, which is much thinner overall and more elongated at the ventral apex. Other characters, such as the setae-covered sclerotizations on the ventrum of VIII, also differ, but are less readily useful in recognizing
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="19" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="76">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="19" pageNumber="76">
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Male.Head: As for genus. Thorax: As for genus. Legs: As for genus. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 19-19.5 mm, avg.: 19.3 mm, wingspan: 36-37 mm, n=5. As for genus, except ground color nearly black, postmedial line located about one-third wing length away from wing margin, line usually obscured due to dark surrounding ground color and absence of lighter brown edging along inner side, overall with faint metallic-blue sheen, especially antemedially; postmedial line strongly notched between Rs4 and costa. Forewing ventrum: As for genus. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration as for forewing dorsum, antemedial line absent, discal mark absent, outer margin of wing weakly serrate. Hindwing ventrum: As for genus. Abdomen: As for genus, but slightly darker and less robust. Genitalia: (Fig. 25) n= 3. Vinculum somewhat box-like, ventrally with reduced saccus; saccus weakly attached to VIII, forming paired, setae-covered, downwardly-angled sclerotizations, not splayed beyond width of vinculum. Uncus simple, highly truncated apically with wide triangular base. Gnathos fused, extended mesally as thin plate that may be notched mesally. Valves small, subtriangular, edges somewhat curled, with single tooth projecting from saccular edge near apex of valve, tooth variable in length. Transtilla with weakly-sclerotized, inward-facing setae-covered extensions; setae very fine. Setae pointed outward directly over phallus. Diaphragm forms small balloon-like sac expanded inward into abdomen; sac covered in fine, inward-facing setae surrounding phallus. Phallus short, anterior half moderately to sharply bent downward, ventral apex heavily sclerotized into elongated
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="77" start="start">point</pageBreakToken>
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; vesica small, sac-like, weakly scobinate with some evidence of diverticula; base of phallus narrower than apical half, in same plane as apical half, not bent. Female.Head: As for male but antennae much smaller overall, pectinations particularly shorter, labial palpus slightly reduced. Thorax: As for male. Legs: As for male, but vestiture thinner. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 21.5 mm, avg.: 21.5 mm, wingspan: 41 mm, n= 1. As for male, but more elongated, slightly narrower, discal mark reduced. Forewing ventrum: Somewhat similar to dorsum but much lighter, grayer, maculation reduced; antemedial line absent, postmedial line less distinct. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration as for forewing dorsum, antemedial line absent. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum. Frenulum as multiple bristles. Abdomen: See generic description. Genitalia: See generic description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="77">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="77">
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(Map 2). This species is known from northern and southern Ecuador, with records lacking from the center of the country.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
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is another Andean species, and is found at elevations ranging from 2157-3300 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="77">
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This species is named for the complete, connected (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" lsidName="conjuncta" pageId="20" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">conjuncta</taxonomicName>
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Latin), gnathos, a character unique to this species in the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="20" pageNumber="77" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="77">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
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, although similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">Ulmara rotunda</taxonomicName>
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, is easily distinguished by both distribution and all characters given in the diagnosis. According to the data on the labels of a number of specimens collected by Jan Hillman, this species can be collected in "virgin humid forests" as well as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“disturbed”">"disturbed"</normalizedToken>
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forests, pastures, and "deforested haciendas."
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="78" start="start">This</pageBreakToken>
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is the only species in the genus with a well-defined gnathos, which, when present, is an important character for distinguishing similar species within genera in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
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(pers. obs).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |