222 lines
25 KiB
XML
222 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="256454049A42F4ED237F80CC7AD0B111" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5175767" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5175767" ID-ZooBank="50B509BC-A8F0-4F02-8DD4-2E5823EFBBA4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628326812764" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Clark, Shawn M., Lillrose, Tiffany & Belo Neto, Luiz A." docDate="2013" docId="4F725324FF9719255585FB7F5D1EFDD0" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0279.1-41.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2013 (279)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Chaetocnema confinis Crotch" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="B34B2B5CFF8119325545FFDD5E3AFFEA" masterDocTitle="Leaf Beetles of the Cayman Islands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1699043913639" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="AD91BDE44C1E92DF68BA92948E9734F7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="913F8010996152FAECEE81C66B17FF41">
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<mods:title id="7BA4FA56E1CC1F9A4B497B7D02D1456E">Leaf Beetles of the Cayman Islands (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="08F684FB7BA6009E9E4788CFD7CEA688" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1D3E2DB4FBD1E6F9455628A5C80B6166">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="02E74864F7C641F234CA97FB2AA0326A">Clark, Shawn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F43D51B521C0036D2405E9E2FDEA5C4A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="49CBABB2333417FF4AD8683E390A8170">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="58286072E3170186F51A09AF0AFFEF85">Lillrose, Tiffany</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="5277EEE8A87074FA0D6074AA662CAE3E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="96310C0AC1ACB4D9B59D3D5328DD3B20">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8FCFA4635F9F291831D92C5C076DAF35">Belo Neto, Luiz A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="17AFD6DC9A5483721B5CBC8C6C3D7EF3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="72CE6932048AC65DF13BAB265FCFA7D2">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="31FF81EE4C23D4DE73429657C56AFC11">
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<mods:date id="6FEEC3FCAF19091929F690F019A4D70A">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="45A9B23A4B678C0987B16DFC4F2A44C9">2013-02-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="67DD880EED0A5972D78B8FDFFC9303C9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="114592EA88C1988DA51465F32CBDA6A2">2013</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DC7EB5732C45A4E5A294DFF50F65D8D0">279</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C352C1CBF4E849F8F16316A8F0809FD5">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="7C13A8B7CECE77DEEFCC0EB241F75118">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AAAF4B36522894C1E192536C6743E62B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5175767</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="36A06D33D2FC22319C07548B88092B94" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F725324FF9719255585FB7F5D1EFDD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5187898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5187898" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F725324FF9719255585FB7F5D1EFDD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F725324FF9719255585FB7F5D1EFDD0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="8FC1B1B9FF9719245585FB7F5C6AFB50" box="[192,592,1186,1210]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585FB7F5C6AFB50" blockId="22.[192,592,1186,1242]" box="[192,592,1186,1210]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="9C2C555EFF9719245585FB7F5C6AFB50" bold="true" box="[192,592,1186,1210]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9719245585FB7F5C6AFB50" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" box="[192,592,1186,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585FB7F5C6AFB50" bold="true" box="[192,592,1186,1210]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585FB7F5FD1FB50" bold="true" box="[192,491,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
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Crotch
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FC1B1B9FF9719245585FB1F5F70FB30" box="[192,330,1218,1242]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585FB1F5F70FB30" blockId="22.[192,592,1186,1242]" box="[192,330,1218,1242]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5FE0FEB7FF971924558DFB1F5F7BFB30" box="[200,321,1218,1242]" captionStart="Figures 10-18" captionStartId="9.[192,286,1542,1564]" captionText="Figures 10-18. Dorsal habitus. 10) Apraea luciae, new species. 11) Apraea priscilae, new species. 12) Chaetocnema brunnescens Horn. 13) Chaetocnema confinis Crotch. 14) Disonycha spilotrachela Blake. 15) Epitrix fasciata Blatchley. 16) Longitarsus alisonae, new species. 17) Longitarsus providensis Blake. 18) Megistops adiae, new species." pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Figure 13</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FC1B1B9FF9719245585FADF5C9AFA90" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585FADF5CACFAF0" blockId="22.[192,918,1282,1402]" box="[192,662,1282,1306]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E7CBC51CFF9719245585FADF5CACFAF0" box="[192,662,1282,1306]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitation id="467AC423FF9719245585FADF5CA8FAF0" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[192,658,1282,1306]" page="75" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" year="1873">
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9719245585FADF5CA8FAF0" authority="Crotch 1873: 75" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1873" box="[192,658,1282,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585FADF5FF3FAF0" box="[192,457,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Chaetocnema confinis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF971924548BFADF5CA8FAF0" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[462,658,1282,1306]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref26650" refString="Crotch, G. R. 1873. Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25: 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch 1873: 75</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585FAFF5CE3FAD0" blockId="22.[192,918,1282,1402]" box="[192,729,1314,1338]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E7CBC51CFF9719245585FAFF5CE3FAD0" box="[192,729,1314,1338]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitation id="467AC423FF9719245585FAFF5CEEFAD0" author="LeConte, J. L." box="[192,724,1314,1338]" page="418" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" year="1878">
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9719245585FAFF5CEEFAD0" authority="LeConte 1878: 418" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="418" authorityYear="1878" box="[192,724,1314,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585FAFF5FD3FAD0" box="[192,489,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Chaetocnema flavicornis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF97192454AAFAFF5CEEFAD0" author="LeConte, J. L." box="[495,724,1314,1338]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" pagination="353 - 472" refId="ref27370" refString="LeConte, J. L. 1878. Additional descriptions of new species. p. 373 - 434. In: E. A. Schwarz. The Coleoptera of Florida. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 353 - 472." type="journal article" year="1878">LeConte 1878: 418</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585FA9F5DACFAB0" blockId="22.[192,918,1282,1402]" box="[192,918,1346,1370]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E7CBC51CFF9719245585FA9F5DACFAB0" box="[192,918,1346,1370]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitation id="467AC423FF9719245585FA9F5CA8FAB0" author="Blake, D. H." box="[192,658,1346,1370]" page="177" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" year="1941">
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9719245585FA9F5CA8FAB0" authority="Blake 1941: 177" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1941" box="[192,658,1346,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585FA9F5FF1FAB0" box="[192,459,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Chaetocnema perplexa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF9719245494FA9F5CA8FAB0" author="Blake, D. H." box="[465,658,1346,1370]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref26114" refString="Blake, D. H. 1941. New species of Chaetocnema and other chrysomelids (Coleoptera) from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 43 (8): 171 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Blake 1941: 177</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF97192457D9FA9F5DB5FAB0" bold="true" box="[668,911,1346,1370]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">NEW SYNONYMY</emphasis>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585FABF5C9AFA90" blockId="22.[192,918,1282,1402]" box="[192,672,1378,1402]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E7CBC51CFF9719245585FABF5C9AFA90" box="[192,672,1378,1402]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitation id="467AC423FF9719245585FABF5CA6FA90" author="Jolivet, P." box="[192,668,1378,1402]" page="641" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" year="1979">
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9719245585FABF5CA6FA90" authority="Jolivet 1979: 641" authorityName="Jolivet" authorityPageNumber="641" authorityYear="1979" box="[192,668,1378,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="etiennei">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585FABF5FFCFA90" box="[192,454,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Chaetocnema etiennei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF9719245489FABF5CA6FA90" author="Jolivet, P." box="[460,668,1378,1402]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" pagination="641 - 649" refId="ref27176" refString="Jolivet, P. 1979. Reflexions sur l'ecologie, l'origine et al distribution des chrysomelides (Col.) des Iles Mascareignes, Ocean Indien, avec la description de deux especes nouvelles. Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 48: 524 - 528, 606 - 608, 641 - 649." type="journal article" year="1979">Jolivet 1979: 641</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FC1B1B9FF9719245585FA7F5D63F9F0" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585FA7F5D63F9F0" blockId="22.[192,1441,1442,1562]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585FA7F5F6AFA50" bold="true" box="[192,336,1442,1466]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The body of this species is small (about
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<quantity id="00234FD7FF9719245674FA7F5DB1FA50" box="[817,907,1442,1466]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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long), the hind femora are greatly enlarged, the alutaceous vertex has a few punctures near each eye but is medially impunctate, and the elytra are striately punctate and not pubescent. This combination of characters is not found in any other species of
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9719245585F9DF5F4DF9F0" authorityName=", Takizawa" authorityYear="2003" box="[192,375,1538,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
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known to occur in the
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<collectingCountry id="BFCCA2A2FF97192457C8F9DF5D6EF9F0" box="[653,852,1538,1562]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FC1B1B9FF9719245585F99F5F0BF890" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585F99F5FEBF990" blockId="22.[192,1440,1602,1658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585F99F5FF7F9B0" bold="true" box="[192,461,1602,1626]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="BFCCA2A2FF9719245496F99F5CA0F9B0" box="[467,666,1602,1626]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
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, Grand Cayman,
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<collectingRegion id="051F2CD0FF9719245629F99F5A29F9B0" box="[876,1043,1602,1626]" country="Cayman Islands" name="George Town" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">George Town</collectingRegion>
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, Green Thumb Nur.,
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<date id="B365C4F2FF9719245051F99F5BA6F9B0" box="[1300,1436,1602,1626]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" value="2009-12-07">7-XII-2009</date>
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, N. Hansraj (1,
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<collectionCode id="A1CA7AF7FF971924543DF9BF5FFFF990" box="[376,453,1634,1658]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585F97F5A37F8F0" blockId="22.[192,1441,1698,1818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585F97F5C2FF950" bold="true" box="[192,533,1698,1722]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Extralimital distribution.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF971924575FF97F5C95F950" author="Blake, D. H." box="[538,687,1698,1722]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref26114" refString="Blake, D. H. 1941. New species of Chaetocnema and other chrysomelids (Coleoptera) from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 43 (8): 171 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Blake (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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reported
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF971924565AF97E5D9BF950" box="[799,929,1698,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF971924565AF97E5D9BF950" box="[799,929,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">C. perplexa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(here regarded as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9719245050F97E5BAAF950" box="[1301,1424,1698,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245050F97E5BAAF950" box="[1301,1424,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">C. confinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), or beetles closely resembling both
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF971924571EF91E5CDBF930" box="[603,737,1730,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF971924571EF91E5CDBF930" box="[603,737,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">C. perplexa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and mainland North American
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF971924511BF91E5AE7F930" box="[1118,1245,1730,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF971924511BF91E5AE7F930" box="[1118,1245,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">C. confinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from
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<collectingCountry id="BFCCA2A2FF971924506CF91F5BA6F930" box="[1321,1436,1730,1754]" name="Bermuda" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BFCCA2A2FF9719245585F93F5F39F910" box="[192,259,1762,1786]" name="Cuba" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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, Hispaniola,
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<collectingCountry id="BFCCA2A2FF97192454E4F93F5C33F910" box="[417,521,1762,1786]" name="Jamaica" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="BFCCA2A2FF9719245703F93E5CE0F910" box="[582,730,1762,1786]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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. In recent years,
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<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF97192456E3F93E5A1FF910" box="[934,1061,1762,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
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<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF97192456E3F93E5A1FF910" box="[934,1061,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">C. confinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
has apparently spread to many areas around the world, especially in tropical latitudes (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF9719245620F8DF5A3AF8F0" author="Jolivet, P." box="[869,1024,1794,1818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" refId="ref27233" refString="Jolivet, P. 2004. Sweetpotato flea beetle, Chaetocnema confints [sic] (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Alticinae). p. 225 - 227. In: J. L. Capinera (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer Academic Publishers; The Netherlands. 3 volumes. xli + 2580 p." type="book" year="2004">Jolivet 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="C764E232FF9719245585F89F5F0BF890" blockId="22.[192,1440,1858,1914]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
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|
<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9719245585F89F5FFFF8B0" bold="true" box="[192,453,1858,1882]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Plant associations.</emphasis>
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|
This beetle species feeds on various plants in the family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF971924512BF89F5F16F890" authority="(Clark et al. 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
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|
Convolvulaceae (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF9719245079F89F5F1EF890" author="Clark, S. M. & D. G. LeDoux & T. N. Seeno & E. G. Riley & A. J. Gilbert & J. M. Sullivan" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref26573" refString="Clark, S. M., D. G. LeDoux, T. N. Seeno, E. G. Riley, A. J. Gilbert, and J. M. Sullivan. 2004. Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 2: 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="2004">Clark et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="8FC1B1B9FF9619255585FF1F5D1EFDD0" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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|
<paragraph id="C764E232FF9619255585FF1F5D1EFDD0" blockId="23.[192,1441,194,570]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
|
<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9619255585FF1F5F67FF30" bold="true" box="[192,349,194,218]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Comments.</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF9619255427FF1F5FC7FF30" author="Blake, D. H." box="[354,509,194,218]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref26114" refString="Blake, D. H. 1941. New species of Chaetocnema and other chrysomelids (Coleoptera) from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 43 (8): 171 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Blake (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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|
described
|
|
<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9619255738FF1E5D3EFF30" box="[637,772,194,218]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
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|
<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9619255738FF1E5D3EFF30" box="[637,772,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">C. perplexa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, distinguishing it from continental North American
|
|
<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF96192550C3FF1E5F1BFF10" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
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|
<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF96192550C3FF1E5F1BFF10" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">C. confinis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
, based solely on minor differences in the aedeagus. She stated that the two taxa are externally indistinguishable. She also stated that females, unassociated with males, are frequent in the West Indies. Entirely based on the West Indian distribution, we believe these unassociated females to be more likely
|
|
<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF96192550CDFEFE5F1DFEB0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
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|
<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF96192550CDFEFE5F1DFEB0" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">C. perplexa</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF961925542EFE9E5FD3FEB0" box="[363,489,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF961925542EFE9E5FD3FEB0" box="[363,489,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">C. confinis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In more recent years, beetles reported to be
|
|
<taxonomicName id="00DB99B1FF9619255147FE9E5ABBFEB0" box="[1026,1153,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaetocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F5AF3E20FF9619255147FE9E5ABBFEB0" box="[1026,1153,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">C. confinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have apparently spread to far-flung parts of the world; however, populations in these new areas are parthenogenetic, entirely without males (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF961925543DFE5F5C34FE70" author="Jolivet, P." box="[376,526,386,410]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" refId="ref27233" refString="Jolivet, P. 2004. Sweetpotato flea beetle, Chaetocnema confints [sic] (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Alticinae). p. 225 - 227. In: J. L. Capinera (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer Academic Publishers; The Netherlands. 3 volumes. xli + 2580 p." type="book" year="2004">Jolivet 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It seems more likely that these populations originated from the West Indies, where males are rare and perhaps even absent from some islands, than from mainland North America where both sexes are common. Whatever the case,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A34A9FC3FF9619255607FE1F5DD4FE30" author="Jolivet, P." box="[834,1006,450,474]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" refId="ref27233" refString="Jolivet, P. 2004. Sweetpotato flea beetle, Chaetocnema confints [sic] (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Alticinae). p. 225 - 227. In: J. L. Capinera (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer Academic Publishers; The Netherlands. 3 volumes. xli + 2580 p." type="book" year="2004">Jolivet (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggested that the two names are synonymous, in spite of the minor aedeagal differences that have been reported. We concur with this view and hereby formalize the synonymy, although recognizing that a careful taxonomic reevaluation may someday result in reinstatement of the two names.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document> |