248 lines
20 KiB
XML
248 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.687.14903" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a16eca45-53eb-44a3-a545-1f1d803efc66" ID-PMC="PMC5672578" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-687-149" ID-PubMed="29114170" ID-ZBK="7E4C574A54AD4D59958868F178C0954C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-687-149" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 687" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Pnigalio (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) parasitizing Eriocraniasemipurpurellaalpina (Lepidoptera, Eriocraniidae) in China, with its biology and a key to Chinese known species" checkinTime="1502744418620" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Tao, Yang, Zhong-Qi, Sun, Shu-Ping & Wang, Rong" docDate="2017" docId="23251B24B53FC677E0382E170569016C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 687: 149-159" docOrigin="ZooKeys 687" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.687.14903" docTitle="Pnigalio eriocraniae Li & Yang, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="22A447DD-FD41-47E4-AAA1-245E6DB6C4A4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="775AFFA8FFC0FFE80D4BFF98FFAFFFFC" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pnigalio (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) parasitizing Eriocraniasemipurpurellaalpina (Lepidoptera, Eriocraniidae) in China, with its biology and a key to Chinese known species" masterLastPageNumber="159" masterPageNumber="149" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1668164651646" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Pnigalio (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) parasitizing Eriocraniasemipurpurellaalpina (Lepidoptera, Eriocraniidae) in China, with its biology and a key to Chinese known species</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Tao</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Zhong-Qi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sun, Shu-Ping</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Rong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>687</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>149</mods:start>
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<mods:end>159</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.687.14903</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.687.14903</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-687-149</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">7E4C574A54AD4D59958868F178C0954C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7E4C574A54AD4D59958868F178C0954C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132648638" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22A447DD-FD41-47E4-AAA1-245E6DB6C4A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/23251B24B53FC677E0382E170569016C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/22A447DD-FD41-47E4-AAA1-245E6DB6C4A4" authority="Li & Yang" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio eriocraniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriocraniae">Pnigalio eriocraniae Li & Yang</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="149">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 1, 2, 3-10, 11, 12-17
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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The specific name is derived from the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
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generic name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eriocraniidae" genus="Eriocrania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriocrania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriocrania</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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Holotype, ♀, (GSFPM), Ganchonggou, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, leg. Tao Li, 31 May 2011, collected using intercept traps. Paratypes (101♀♀ 60♂♂): (GSFPM, 36♀♀ 12♂♂ are deposited in CAF): 32♀♀ 2♂♂, same data as holotype; 1♀ 4♂♂, same but 10 May 2011; 13♀♀ 15♂♂, same, 30 May 2011; 9♀♀ 5♂♂, same, 1 June 2011; 5♀♀ 9♂♂, same, 2 June 2011; 5♀♀ 3♂♂ (reared from larva of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eriocraniidae" genus="Eriocrania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriocrania semipurpurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="semipurpurella" subspecies="alpina">Eriocrania semipurpurella alpina</taxonomicName>
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Xu), same, 27 June 2011; 11♀♀ 6♂♂ (reared), same, 28 June 2011; 7♀♀ 4♂♂(reared), same, 29 June 2011; 18♀♀ 12♂♂ (reared), same, 30 June 2011.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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Body (Fig. 1) green to blue-green with purple metallic tinge. Antenna (Fig. 5) dark brown. Scape same color as body. Posterior margin of mesoscutum with one pair of bristles (Fig. 6, arrows). Propodeal disc smooth; costulae absent (Fig. 6) or if present, then weak and not reaching median carina (Fig. 9, arrow). Fore wing (Fig. 11) length 2.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width; costal cell length 10.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width. Hind coxa (Fig. 7) coarse reticulate dorsally; hind femur, tibia (apical portion brown), yellow to yellowish white.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio eriocraniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriocraniae">Pnigalio eriocraniae</taxonomicName>
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Li & Yang, sp. n., female, holotype, habitus lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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Female, holotype (Fig. 1). Length of body of females 3.1-3.4 mm. and of fore wing 2.8-3.0 mm. Body green to blue-green with purple metallic tinge.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="150" start="start">Vertex</pageBreakToken>
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golden-green. Antenna (Fig. 5) dark brown. Mandible brown. Maxillary and labial palpi, tegula, fore leg (coxa same color as body, tarsi and claw pale brown), mid leg (coxa same color as body, tarsus 4 brown), hind leg (coxa same color as body, apical portion of tibia and tarsi 3-4 brown) yellow to yellowish white. Wing membrane hyaline, venation and pilosity brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph continue="true" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="1" pageNumber="150">
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Head. In dorsal view, width 2.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length. Ocellar triangle convex, micro-reticulate, smooth with long brown setae. Ocelli medium-sized, and lateral areas of ocellar triangle concave. POL 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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OOL, OOL 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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OD. Area between eyes and ocellar triangle smooth. Head (Fig. 3) in anterior view width 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height. Eye oval, with dense microtrichia; length 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width. Malar space 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of eye, malar sulcus straight and obvious. Face (Fig. 3) smooth, micro-reticulate texture, with sparse long white setae; Median portion of lower face with fine transverse wrinkles. Lower margin of toruli located above ventral line of eyes (Fig. 3). Distance between toruli 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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diameter of toruli, 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance between socket and eye. Antenna (Fig. 5) with 4 funiculars and 2 clavomeres. Scape length 3.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its width, reaching median ocellus, 3.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedicel. Pedicel length 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its width. Funicle 1 length 2.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pedicel. Ratio
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="151" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
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length of funicles 1.6:1.4:1.3:1.0, and ratio of width 1.0:1.1:1.1:1.1. Clavomere 1 length 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as segment 2. Mesosoma (Figs 6-7). Width about 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as head. Mesosoma reticulate, length 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width. Pronotum length 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as mesoscutum, width 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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mesoscutum. Mesoscutum (Fig. 6) slightly convex, length 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its width, with dense white setae; anterior half of notaulus obvious; median and apical portions of mesoscutum reticulate, setae relatively sparse; posterior margin with one pair of stout bristles (Fig. 6, arrows). Axilla elongate, micro-reticulate. Mesoscutellum (Fig. 6) nearly circular, sublaterally more coarsely reticulate than apical and median portions; laterally micro-reticulate; with two pairs of bristles. Dorsellum narrow, median length 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as propodeum length. Propodeal disc (Figs 6, 9) smooth; width of median area 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its length; costula incomplete (Fig. 9, arrow); spiracles nearly circular, posterior to hind margin of metanotum; callus densely setose. Fore wing (Fig. 11) length 2.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width; costal cell length 10.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width; area of speculum mostly bare posterior to parastigma; marginal vein length 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of submarginal vein, 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of postmarginal vein; postmarginal vein length 2.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of stigma. Lateral and ventral panel of pronotum and prepectus with coarse reticulate sculpture; mesepisternum (Fig. 7) imbricate anteriorly; subalar area and upper mesepimeron smooth. Dorsal area of hind coxa (Fig. 7) reticulate; basitarsus (Fig. 8) length 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as tarsus 2.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio eriocraniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriocraniae">Pnigalio eriocraniae</taxonomicName>
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Li & Yang, sp. n., male, paratype, habitus lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph continue="true" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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Metasoma (Fig. 10). Elongate-ovate in dorsal view; length about equal to head plus mesosoma, 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of metasoma. Tergite 1 smooth; lateral area of tergite 2 with sparse white setae; sub-lateral portion of tergite 3 with sparse white setae; tergites 4-7 with dense setae; ratio of length of tergites 7.0:2.5:3.0:3.5:4.0:2.0. Ovipositor sheath slightly longer than apex of metasoma. Male (Figs 2, 17). Length of body 2.1-2.6 mm, and of fore wing 2.1-2.3 mm. Similar to female except as follows: Antennal (Fig. 4) flagellum dark brown; fore leg with coxa same color as body, basal half of femur brown with purple metallic tinge, apical tarsomere brown; mid leg with coxa same color as body, most of femur brown with purple metallic tinge, tarsus 4 brown); hind leg with coxa, most of femur same color as body, trochanters, apical half of tibia, tarsus 4 brown to fuscous, apex of femur and basal half of tibia yellowish brown; apex of tergite 1, tergite 2 and basal half of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="152" start="start">tergite</pageBreakToken>
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3 yellowish white to yellowish brown. Scape length 3.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width, 4.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of pedicel; pedicle nearly circular; ratio of length of funiculars (Fig. 4) 1.0:1.6:1.6:3.1; funiculars 1-3 pectinate, projections with long setae. Dorsellum smooth, micro-reticulate. Costula absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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Figures 3-10.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio eriocraniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriocraniae">Pnigalio eriocraniae</taxonomicName>
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Li & Yang, sp. n., female (3, 5-10) male (4). 3 Head, anterior view 4 Antennal flagellum 5 Antenna 6 Mesosoma, dorsal view (bristle, arrow) 7 Mesosoma, lateral view 8 Hind tarsi 9 Propodeum (costula, arrow) 10 Metasoma, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">The variation of specimens is mainly focus on the body color, size, and costulae absent or present. The body color green with metallic tinge (26♀♀ 13♂♂) to blue-green with purple metallic tinge (76♀♀ 47♂♂); tarsi 1-3 of fore leg yellowish (72♀♀, others pale brown); apical portion of mid tibia brown (68♀♀); costula weak (79♀♀, Fig. 9) or absent (23♀♀ 60♂♂, Fig. 6). Costulae of male absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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Parasitoid eggs were deposited on the surface of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
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cuticle (Fig. 12). It is a larval ectoparasitoid (Fig. 13) of the third to fourth instar larvae of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. s." pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="subspecies" species="s." subspecies="alpina">E. s. alpina</taxonomicName>
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Xu (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Eriocraniidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="family">Eriocraniidae</taxonomicName>
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) which forms leaf mines on birch trees,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula platyphylla" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platyphylla">Betula platyphylla</taxonomicName>
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Suk.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. albo-sinensis" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="albo-sinensis">B. albo-sinensis</taxonomicName>
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Burkill and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. utilis" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="utilis">B. utilis</taxonomicName>
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D. Don (
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<taxonomicName family="Betulaceae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
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) in Qinghai Province.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio eriocraniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriocraniae">Pnigalio eriocraniae</taxonomicName>
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Li & Yang, sp. n., female, holotype, wings.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">The prepupa (Fig. 14) is motionless, fusiform and with distinct lateral protuberances along the abdominal segments, length of body about 0.6-0.7 mm. The pupa is initially white to white brown (Fig. 15) and then begins to darken to brown or black (Fig. 16), with length 0.4-0.5 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Northwestern China (Qinghai Province)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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The new species is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio maijishanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maijishanensis">Pnigalio maijishanensis</taxonomicName>
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Yang & Yao but can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: scape blue-green with purple metallic tinge; propodeal disc laterally smooth; hind coxa with coarse reticulate sculpture dorsally; hind femur, tibia (apical portion brown), yellow to yellowish white. In addition, the shape of the costulae and the stout bristle are different as indicated in the key.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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Figures 12-17. The preimaginal stages of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio eriocraniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriocraniae">Pnigalio eriocraniae</taxonomicName>
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Li & Yang, sp. n. 12 Egg on 4th instar larva of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. semipurpurella" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="subspecies" species="semipurpurella" subspecies="alpina">E. semipurpurella alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, arrow 13 Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. eriocraniae" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="eriocraniae">P. eriocraniae</taxonomicName>
|
||
parasitizing 4th instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. s." pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="subspecies" species="s." subspecies="alpina">E. s. alpina</taxonomicName>
|
||
14 Prepupa 15 Early pupa 16 Mature pupa 17 Emerged male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |