treatments-xml/data/0F/51/9B/0F519B74FF94AD70FF2C93E1FF71F92A.xml
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<document id="98C6666BFB07F26C0D9FFB903C2D7CA5" ID-CLB-Dataset="157781" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5192.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8e2cc009-d580-4904-a0b7-9ed7a9e3ab9e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138639" ID-ZooBank="236A609B-8A6A-47D7-9BB9-E2FDCA5C37E5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664794801684" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kuwahara, Gregory K. &amp; Marshall, Stephen A." docDate="2022" docId="0F519B74FF94AD70FF2C93E1FF71F92A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5192.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5192 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5192.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Howickia symmetrica" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="F368E30CFFD9AD3DFFBB9376FFA9FFFB" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Australian species of Howickia Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1699386905592" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="23149FA9EF558F119FD92155CA970386">A revision of the Australian species of Howickia Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4546AB53B0A65D55A74EF4B08A6D8D30">Marshall, Stephen A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0F519B74FF94AD70FF2C93E1FF71F92A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138728" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202134532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF94AD70FF2C93E1FF71F92A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F519B74FF94AD70FF2C93E1FF71F92A" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF94AD70FF2C93E1FD83FF4A" box="[151,554,151,178]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF2C93E1FD83FF4A" blockId="77.[151,554,151,213]" box="[151,554,151,178]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="DC0F9D0EFF94AD70FF2C93E1FD83FF4A" bold="true" box="[151,554,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FF2C93E1FD83FF4A" ID-CoL="BD3LR" authority="(Richards)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" box="[151,554,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF2C93E1FD83FF4A" bold="true" box="[151,554,151,178]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF2C93E1FE34FF4A" bold="true" box="[151,413,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Howickia symmetrica</emphasis>
(Richards)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF94AD70FF2C93CDFE3EFF2E" box="[151,407,187,213]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF2C93CDFE3EFF2E" blockId="77.[151,554,151,213]" box="[151,407,187,213]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
(
<figureCitation id="1FC336E7FF94AD70FF2493CDFEBAFF2E" box="[159,275,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 3.13.22" captionStartId="22.[152,270,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[391,1188,189,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-33@22.[386,1202,181,1461]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 3.13.22. Mid tibial chaetotaxy of macropterous Australian species of Howickia. 3.1, H. acicula sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.2, H. biantenna sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.3, H. brevior (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.4, H. capitalis (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.5, H. erythrocephala sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral female; 3.6, H. flaviterga (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.7, H. fuscalis (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.8, H. grandisterna sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.9, H. hardyina (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.10, H. kurandensis (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.11, H. myrmecophila (Knab &amp; Malloch), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.12, H. nitidipleura (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.13, H. percostata (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.14, H. pertusa sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.15, H. pseudovittata sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.16, H. subsinuata (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.17, H. symmetrica (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male; 3.18, H. trivittata (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.19, H. vernalis (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.20, H. wamini sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.21, H. wilsoni (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.22, H. xanthocephala sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female. Scale bars indicate 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138660/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 3.17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FC336E7FF94AD70FEA593CDFE39FF2E" box="[286,400,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 20.120.3" captionStartId="78.[152,270,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1424,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-33@78.[164,1424,181,1926]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURES 20.120.3. Howickia symmetrica (Richards). 20.1, male habitus, lateral; 20.2, male head, anterolateral; 20.3, left wing. Body and wing scale bars indicate 0.5 mm, head scale bar indicates 0.2 mm. Photo credit: J. Lumbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138770/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">20.120.3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF94AD70FF2C9276FD62FEAE" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF2C9276FD1EFEEC" blockId="77.[151,962,255,341]" box="[151,695,255,280]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7E80D4CFF94AD70FF2C9276FD1EFEEC" box="[151,695,255,280]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FF94AD70FF2C9276FD1AFEEC" author="Richards, O. W." box="[151,691,255,280]" page="335" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="1973">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FF2C9276FD1AFEEC" ID-CoL="8CHRX" authority="Richards, 1973: 335" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="335" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,691,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Leptocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symmetrica" subGenus="Biroina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF2C9276FF57FEEC" box="[151,254,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Leptocera</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FEB69276FEF0FEEC" box="[269,345,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Biroina</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FED39276FE74FEEC" box="[360,477,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">symmetrica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF94AD70FE589389FD1AFEEC" author="Richards, O. W." box="[483,691,255,280]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="297 - 401" refId="ref94252" refString="Richards, O. W. (1973) The Sphaeroceridae (= Borboridae or Cypselidae; Diptera Cyclorrhapha) of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplemental Series, 22, 297 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 022" type="journal article" year="1973">Richards, 1973: 335</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF2C9269FC6BFECD" blockId="77.[151,962,255,341]" box="[151,962,286,310]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7E80D4CFF94AD70FF2C9269FC6BFECD" box="[151,962,286,310]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FF2C9269FE7AFECD" ID-CoL="LW3B" authority="(Richards)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[151,467,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Biroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF2C9269FEF6FECD" box="[151,351,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Biroina symmetrica</emphasis>
(Richards)
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FF94AD70FE669268FD05FECD" author="Marshall, S. A." box="[477,684,286,310]" page="602" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF94AD70FE669268FD05FECD" author="Marshall, S. A." box="[477,684,286,310]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="601 - 607" refId="ref93510" refString="Marshall, S. A. (1989) 96. Family Sphaeroceridae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic Regions. Bishop Museum Press and E. J. Brill, Honolulu, pp. 601 - 607." type="book chapter" year="1989">Marshall, 1989: 602</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FF94AD70FD0C9268FC17FECD" author="Rohacek, J. &amp; Marshall, S. A. &amp; Norrbom, A. L. &amp; Buck, M. &amp; Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I." box="[695,958,286,310]" page="126" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF94AD70FD0C9268FC17FECD" author="Rohacek, J. &amp; Marshall, S. A. &amp; Norrbom, A. L. &amp; Buck, M. &amp; Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I." box="[695,958,286,310]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref94357" refString="Rohacek, J., Marshall, S. A., Norrbom, A. L., Buck, M., Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I. (2001) World Catalog of Sphaeroceridae. Slezske zemske Museum, Opava, 415 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Roháček
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FCAD9269FCE0FECD" box="[790,841,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001: 126
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF2C924BFD62FEAE" blockId="77.[151,962,255,341]" box="[151,715,317,341]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FF2C924BFE4EFEAE" ID-CoL="BD3LR" authority="(Richards)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" box="[151,487,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF2C924BFEDDFEAE" box="[151,372,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Howickia symmetrica</emphasis>
(Richards)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF94AD70FE4A924BFD6EFEAE" author="Marshall, S. A. &amp; Luk, S. P. L. &amp; Dong, H." box="[497,711,317,341]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref93565" refString="Marshall, S. A., Luk, S. P. L. &amp; Dong, H. (2014) A revision of the New Zealand species of Howickia Richards. Zootaxa, 3887 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3887.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Marshall
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FDE99248FD2CFEAE" box="[594,645,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF94AD70FF2C92F5FDCBFABE" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF2C92F5FDCDFE65" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" box="[151,612,387,414]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF2C92F5FE80FE66" bold="true" box="[151,297,387,413]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FE8B92F5FE69FE66" box="[304,448,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Body length:</emphasis>
Male
<quantity id="40008787FF94AD70FDBC92F5FDC9FE65" box="[519,608,387,414]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C92D1FE49FD46" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C92D1FEA4FE3A" box="[199,269,423,449]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Head:</emphasis>
Brown, dark brown around ocelli and behind and extending onto orbital plates, bases of interfrontal bristles dark brown; lower half of frons orange extending upwards along orbital plates; orbital plates microtrichose, microtrichia extending across top of head to surround ocellar triangle; gena reddish-brown; antenna brown. Frontal width 2.2x interfrontal height. Three pairs of large interfrontal bristles, middle pair largest; 2 lateroclinate orbital bristles, anterior bristle 0.5x length of posterior bristle. Gena with very strong upcurved bristle and 23 smaller setae, finely and densely striate, shiny, lower half microtrichose; vibrissal angle with 2 subvibrissal setae. Face with a small flattened triangle along ventromedial margin; palpus clavate with 1 large apical and 1 larger preapical seta. Eye height 2.9x genal height.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C91B1FE76FC8A" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C91B1FE88FD1A" box="[199,289,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Thorax:</emphasis>
Dark brown; scutum shiny despite brown microtrichia, posterolateral edge thinly lighter and with pale spot on posterior notopleural lobe; katepisternum with lighter posterior spot, anepimeron with lighter ventral spot. One pair of dorsocentral bristles; 78 rows of long, fine acrostichal setulae. Prosternum narrow, linear, posteriorly expanded. Scutellum large, microtrichose, subtriangular, its length 0.7x its width; 4 scutellar bristles long, apical pair 1.5x length of basal pair.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C900AFBF7FBFA" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C900AFEAFFC6E" box="[199,262,892,917]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Legs:</emphasis>
Dark brown, tibiae proximally and distally pale brown; tarsi orange-brown, basal 2 tarsomeres of hind leg dark brown. Male mid tibia with a moderate apicoventral bristle and 2 rows of short apicoventral setae, mid femur with 4 corresponding proximoventral setae. Basal half of mid tibia with 4 dorsal bristles (2 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal), distal half with 3 dorsal bristles (2 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C977DFBD4FB6A" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C977DFEFCFBDE" box="[199,341,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Wing/halter:</emphasis>
Rather weakly infuscate, darkest anteriorly. CS2 0.6x length of CS3. R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF94AD70FBCE9768FB27FBD7" attach="left" box="[1141,1166,1054,1068]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">2+3</subScript>
strongly sinuate, curves roughly symmetrical (more angulate than curved), basal curve straight towards costa before bending away slightly, distal curve meeting costa at an angle of 60˚; R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF94AD70FD0D9713FD79FB88" attach="left" box="[694,720,1125,1139]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">4+5</subScript>
rather strongly upcurved, meeting costa before wing tip; costa barely extending past R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF94AD70FE1B97FFFE13FB6C" attach="left" box="[416,442,1161,1175]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">4+5</subScript>
. Halter pale; knob brown and apically white; stem pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C97EDFA94FADA" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C97EDFED9FB4E" box="[199,368,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Male abdomen</emphasis>
: Dark brown, microtrichose. T25 and S24 heavily sclerotized, uniformly long-setose along posterior half with large posterolateral setae. S5 concealed but (according to
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF94AD70FC4D97C9FB08FB22" author="Richards, O. W." box="[1014,1185,1215,1241]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="297 - 401" refId="ref94252" refString="Richards, O. W. (1973) The Sphaeroceridae (= Borboridae or Cypselidae; Diptera Cyclorrhapha) of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplemental Series, 22, 297 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 022" type="journal article" year="1973">Richards, 1973</bibRefCitation>
) with a posteromedial row of stout, flat teeth. Epandrium (as can be seen from
<typeStatus id="584394C0FF94AD70FD479795FCF7FB06" box="[764,862,1251,1277]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
photos) rather large, somewhat flattened, uniformly long-setose. Apex of surstylus apparently tapered and curved. Further details of postabdomen unavailable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C965DFDCBFABE" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" box="[199,610,1323,1349]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C965DFE3BFABE" box="[199,402,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Female abdomen:</emphasis>
Female unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF94AD70FF7C9639FD1BFA4A" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C9639FC64FA76" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C9639FED3FA92" bold="true" box="[199,378,1359,1385]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF94AD70FE3C9639FEC4FA76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718542" collectingDate="1965-02-22" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="D. H. Colless" country="Australia" location="Clyde Mountain" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="584394C0FF94AD70FE3C9639FE5DFA92" box="[391,500,1359,1385]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FF94AD70FDB99639FD0CFA92" box="[514,677,1359,1385]" name="Australia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FD0F9639FC30FA92" bold="true" box="[692,921,1359,1385]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FF94AD70FD0F9639FC3DFA92" box="[692,916,1359,1385]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="82277CB9FF94AD70FC1E9639FBCDFA92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF94AD70FF2C93E1FF71F92A:82277CB9FF94AD70FC1E9639FBCDFA92" box="[933,1124,1359,1385]" country="Australia" name="Clyde Mountain" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="New South Wales">Clyde Mountain</location>
, landslip,
<date id="F3460CA2FF94AD70FB5A9639FAFDFA91" box="[1249,1364,1359,1386]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1965-02-22">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFF94AD70FB5A9639FAFDFA91" box="[1249,1364,1359,1386]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="1965-02-22">22.ii.1965</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FF94AD70FADD9626FF40FA76" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">D.H. Colless</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF94AD70FF419605FEB8FA76" box="[250,273,1395,1421]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="male"></specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF94AD70FEA09605FECCFA76" box="[283,357,1395,1421]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ANIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF94AD70FECC9605FC60FA76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718735" box="[375,969,1395,1422]" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="584394C0FF94AD70FECC9605FE76FA76" box="[375,479,1395,1421]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
photos provided by James Lumbers,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF94AD70FC3A9605FC60FA76" box="[897,969,1395,1421]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">ANIC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C96E1FD1BFA4A" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" box="[199,690,1431,1457]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C96E1FE1AFA4A" bold="true" box="[199,435,1431,1457]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Material examined:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="584394C0FF94AD70FE0196E1FD8BFA4A" box="[442,546,1431,1457]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
photos only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF94AD70FF7C96CDFF71F92A" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF94AD70FF7C96CDFF71F92A" blockId="77.[151,1437,387,1745]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF7C96CDFEE6FA2E" bold="true" box="[199,335,1467,1493]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Comments.</emphasis>
The above redescription is based entirely on
<typeStatus id="584394C0FF94AD70FCFE96CDFC0EFA2E" box="[837,935,1467,1493]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
photos, as no specimens were available to us during this study.
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF94AD70FEE496A9FDBDFA02" author="Richards, O. W." box="[351,532,1503,1529]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="297 - 401" refId="ref94252" refString="Richards, O. W. (1973) The Sphaeroceridae (= Borboridae or Cypselidae; Diptera Cyclorrhapha) of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplemental Series, 22, 297 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 022" type="journal article" year="1973">Richards (1973)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FD299696FC9CFA02" box="[658,821,1504,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FD299696FC9CFA02" box="[658,821,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. symmetrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would key to
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FC6E9696FBF2FA02" box="[981,1115,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FC6E9696FBF2FA02" box="[981,1115,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. hardyina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“if the costa was considered to overpass R
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”, though the costa only very slightly extends beyond R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF94AD70FC759563FC41F9D8" attach="left" box="[974,1000,1557,1571]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
4+
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</subScript>
in
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FBAB9572FB1CF9E6" box="[1040,1205,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FBAB9572FB1CF9E6" box="[1040,1205,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. symmetrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(12x costal width) compared to the costa extending well beyond R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF94AD70FD0F954FFD67F9BC" attach="left" box="[692,718,1593,1607]" fontSize="6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
4+
<quantity id="40008787FF94AD70FD7D954FFD67F9BC" box="[710,718,1593,1607]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="in" value="5.0">5</quantity>
</subScript>
in
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FD48955EFCD3F9BA" box="[755,890,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FD48955EFCD3F9BA" box="[755,890,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. hardyina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(7x costal width). These two species are indeed superficially similar, both with brown body and extensive orange on the frons, but
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FB83953AFB75F99E" box="[1080,1244,1612,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symmetrica">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FB83953AFB75F99E" box="[1080,1244,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. symmetrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF94AD70FF639506FEC8F972" box="[216,353,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF94AD70FF639506FEC8F972" box="[216,353,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. hardyina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the 3 large interfrontal bristles (middle pair longest), shorter apical scutellar bristles (1.5x length of basal pair), 2 posterodorsal bristles on the basal half of the mid tibia, and shorter CS2 (0.6x length of CS3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>