plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/DB/7B/4C/DB7B4C9D4D305F3DB46AD78E5C2D850A.xml
maintenance 050f295d19 added DB
2024-06-21 12:54:08 +02:00

365 lines
53 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" ID-PMC="PMC4233396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-449-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" ID-PubMed="25408612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578570" ID-ZooBank="75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-449-1" checkinTime="1451245204622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey &amp; Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia" docDate="2014" docId="DB7B4C9D4D305F3DB46AD78E5C2D850A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 449: 1-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 449" docPubDate="2014-10-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" docTitle="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis Mueller &amp; Troschel 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668159529239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, CCBS, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratorio de Biologia Marinha, Campus I, Rua Baraunas, 351, Bairro Universitario, CEP 58429 - 500, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-10-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>449</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>56</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-449-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578570</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182234930" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB7B4C9D4D305F3DB46AD78E5C2D850A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB7B4C9D4D305F3DB46AD78E5C2D850A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName LSID="DB7B4C9D-4D30-5F3D-B46A-D78E5C2D850A" authority="Mueller &amp; Troschel, 1842" authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Spinulosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">
Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1842
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Some species of the order Spinulosida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Arranjo do endoqesquelto do braco; Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view H Abactinal view of the arm I Actinal view of the arm; and H Arranjo do endoesqueleto do braco." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 11a-e</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster brasiliensis" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Echinaster</pageBreakToken>
brasiliensis
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Troschel, 1842: 22.
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
: 22-23, pl. 4, fig. 3;
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
: 17, figs 44-45.
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 3;
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
: 13-14, pl. 6, fig. 6.
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 130" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" refId="B26" refString="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ, Tommasi, LR, 1977. Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N/Oc. &quot;Prof. W. Besnard&quot; para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 26: 51 - 130, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" title="Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N / Oc. &quot; Prof. W. Besnard &quot; para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul." url="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" volume="26" year="1977">Carrera-Rodriguez and Tommasi 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 103-104.
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B138" refString="Tommasi, LR, Aron, MA, 1987. Equinodermes dos bancos submarinos da cadeia de montanhas Vitoria-Trindade. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 9" title="Equinodermes dos bancos submarinos da cadeia de montanhas Vitoria-Trindade." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1987">Tommasi and Aron 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 3.
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B136" refString="Tommasi, LR, Castro,, SM, Sousa, EC, 1988. Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N/Oc. &quot;Almirante Saldanha&quot; no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 11" title="Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. &quot; Almirante Saldanha &quot; no Atlantico Sul Ocidental." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 6.
<bibRefCitation author="Avila-Pires, TCS" journalOrPublisher="Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="431 - 448" refId="B7" refString="Avila-Pires, TCS, 1983. Contribuicao ao estudo do genero Echinaster Mueller &amp; Troschel, 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) no litoral brasileiro. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 55: 431 - 448" title="Contribuicao ao estudo do genero Echinaster Mueller &amp; Troschel, 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) no litoral brasileiro." volume="55" year="1983">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ávila-Pires">Avila-Pires</normalizedToken>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
: 440-442, figs 8-9.
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandes, MLB" journalOrPublisher="Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="B41" refString="Fernandes, MLB, Tommasi, LR, Lima, EJB, 2002. Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco Vol. 2: 405 - 427" title="Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco." volume="Vol. 2" year="2002">Fernandes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 422.
<bibRefCitation author="Netto, LF" journalOrPublisher="University of Sao Paulo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="B105" refString="Netto, LF, 2006. Echinodermata do Canal de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Sebastiao (SP). University of Sao Paulo" title="Echinodermata do Canal de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Sebastiao (SP)" year="2006">Netto 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 30-32, pl. 5a.
<bibRefCitation author="Alves, RRN" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Conservation Science" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="159 - 174" refId="B5" refString="Alves, RRN, Dias, TLP, 2010. Usos de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para a conservacao. Tropical Conservation Science 3: 159 - 174" title="Usos de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para a conservacao." volume="3" year="2010">Alves et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 758.
<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 144.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster braziliensis" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="braziliensis">Echinaster braziliensis</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1915: 41-42, pl. 26, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authorityName="deLoriol" authorityYear="1904" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster antonioensis" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antonioensis">Echinaster antonioensis</taxonomicName>
Bernasconi, 1955: 72-73, pl. 6, figs 1-2.
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
: 22, pl. 4, fig. 2.
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">Brito 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster sentus" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sentus">Echinaster sentus</taxonomicName>
Bernasconi, 1956: 136-137, pl. 4, fig. 3.
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
: 23-24, pl. 4, fig. 4;
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
: 17-18, fig. 46 a 48.
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">Brito 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 14, pl. 6, figs 3-4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster spinulosus" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosus">Echinaster spinulosus</taxonomicName>
Bernasconi, 1956: 138-139, pl. 4, fig.4.
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
: 21-22, pl. 4, fig. 1.
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">Brito 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 14, pl. 6, fig. 1-2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1970" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster densispinulosus" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="densispinulosus">Echinaster densispinulosus</taxonomicName>
Tommasi, 1970: 18-19, figs 49-51.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tommasi" authorityYear="1970" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster nudus" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nudus">Echinaster nudus</taxonomicName>
Tommasi, 1970: 18-19, figs 52-54.
<bibRefCitation author="Gondim, AI" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 159" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" refId="B46" refString="Gondim, AI, Lacouth, P, Alonso, C, Manso, CLC, 2008. Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 8: 151 - 159, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" title="Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil." url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" volume="8" year="2008">Gondim et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 154.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
Clark &amp; Downey, 1992: 21-22, pl. 4a.
<bibRefCitation author="Hopkins, TS" editor="Feral, JP" journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Banyuls-sur-mer" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="97 - 103" refId="B57" refString="Hopkins, TS, Fontanella, FM, Ventura, CRR, 2003. Morphological diagnosis of three Brazilian starfish of the genus Echinaster (subgenus Othilia). In: Feral, JP, David, B, Eds., Echinoderm Research 2001. Balkema, Banyuls-sur-mer: 97 - 103" title="Morphological diagnosis of three Brazilian starfish of the genus Echinaster (subgenus Othilia)." volumeTitle="Echinoderm Research 2001." year="2003">Hopkins et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 98-100.
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 182-183.
<bibRefCitation author="Lima, EJB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 63" refId="B71" refString="Lima, EJB, Fernandes, MLB, 2009. Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 11: 55 - 63" title="Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil)." volume="11" year="2009">Lima and Fernandes 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 59.
<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 75.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Rio Grande do Norte: Macau, Diogo Lopes, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.869, 09.XI.2007, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.872, 09.XI.2008, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1426, 09.XI.2007.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
:
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-7.0172224">7°01'02&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-34.79861">34°47'55&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.571, 03.VI.2003;
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-7.063889">7°03'50&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-34.788612">34°47'19&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.569, 21.III.2006; Cabedelo, Farol de Cabedelo reef, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.729, 26.X.1980; Cabedelo, Areia Vermelha reef, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1465, 22.II.2008;
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
Pessoa, Cabo Branco Beach, 2spec., UFPB/ECH.138, 04.XI.2006;
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
Pessoa, Seixas reef, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1183, 22.XII.2007. Bahia: Santo Amaro,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cabuçu">Cabucu</normalizedToken>
Beach, 3spec., UFPB/ECH.718, 19.IX.1987.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="type-locality">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type-locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Ubatuta,
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Brazil (
<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Disk small (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Some species of the order Spinulosida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Arranjo do endoqesquelto do braco; Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view H Abactinal view of the arm I Actinal view of the arm; and H Arranjo do endoesqueleto do braco." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11a</figureCitation>
). Body concave on abactinal surface, plane on actinal surface. Five long-narrow to short-thick arms (usually decreasing rapidly in thickness towards tips) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Some species of the order Spinulosida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Arranjo do endoqesquelto do braco; Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view H Abactinal view of the arm I Actinal view of the arm; and H Arranjo do endoesqueleto do braco." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11a, b</figureCitation>
). Abactinal figs flattened or slightly mammiform (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Some species of the order Spinulosida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Arranjo do endoqesquelto do braco; Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view H Abactinal view of the arm I Actinal view of the arm; and H Arranjo do endoesqueleto do braco." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11e</figureCitation>
), forming a reticulum and bearing a short, conical spine (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Some species of the order Spinulosida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Arranjo do endoqesquelto do braco; Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view H Abactinal view of the arm I Actinal view of the arm; and H Arranjo do endoesqueleto do braco." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11c</figureCitation>
). Abactinal figs separated by small, elongated, secondary figs. Anus normally placed within the central pentagon of the disk and surrounded by 4-6 spines. Madreporite circular, with numerous small granules and irregular sulci. Superomarginal figs more granulose than inferomarginal figs. Papular areas more numerous on dorsal and lateral regions of arms (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Some species of the order Spinulosida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Arranjo do endoqesquelto do braco; Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view H Abactinal view of the arm I Actinal view of the arm; and H Arranjo do endoesqueleto do braco." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11c</figureCitation>
). Adambulacral figs with three spines, the inner one being rudimentary (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Some species of the order Spinulosida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Arranjo do endoqesquelto do braco; Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view H Abactinal view of the arm I Actinal view of the arm; and H Arranjo do endoesqueleto do braco." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11d</figureCitation>
). The two outer spines are subequal and larger than the remaining spine.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Some species of the order
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Spinulosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Spinulosida</taxonomicName>
recorded in northeastern Brazil.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(A-E)</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
Abactinal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
Actinal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
Abactinal view of the arm
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
Actinal view of the arm
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
Arranjo do endoqesquelto do
<normalizedToken originalValue="braço">braco</normalizedToken>
;
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophorus" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(F-J)</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F</emphasis>
Abactinal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G</emphasis>
Actinal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H</emphasis>
Abactinal view of the arm
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I</emphasis>
Actinal view of the arm; and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H</emphasis>
Arranjo do endoesqueleto do
<normalizedToken originalValue="braço">braco</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colour.</emphasis>
Quite variable, being light brown, reddish-brown, dark red or even yellowish red (
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, IE" journalOrPublisher="Fishery Bulletin" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="127 - 163" refId="B50" refString="Gray, IE, Downey, ME, Cerame-Vivas, MJ, 1968. Sea-stars of North Carolina. Fishery Bulletin 67: 127 - 163" title="Sea-stars of North Carolina." volume="67" year="1968">Gray et al. 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Florida, Cuba, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina (
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 55" refId="B4" refString="Alvarado, JJ, Solis-Marin, FA, Ahearn, C, 2008. Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 37 - 55" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano." volume="56" year="2008">Alvarado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). In Brazil: PB, PE, AL, BA, ES, SP, RJ, SC, and RS (
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 130" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" refId="B26" refString="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ, Tommasi, LR, 1977. Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N/Oc. &quot;Prof. W. Besnard&quot; para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 26: 51 - 130, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" title="Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N / Oc. &quot; Prof. W. Besnard &quot; para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul." url="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" volume="26" year="1977">Carrera-Rodriguez and Tommasi 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandes, MLB" journalOrPublisher="Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="B41" refString="Fernandes, MLB, Tommasi, LR, Lima, EJB, 2002. Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco Vol. 2: 405 - 427" title="Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco." volume="Vol. 2" year="2002">Fernandes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
et al. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Gondim, AI" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 159" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" refId="B46" refString="Gondim, AI, Lacouth, P, Alonso, C, Manso, CLC, 2008. Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 8: 151 - 159, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" title="Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil." url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" volume="8" year="2008">Gondim et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). This paper provides the first record for the State of Rio Grande do Norte. From 1 to 360 m in depth (
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Many characters of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
and other species of the genus present great plasticity, with the consequence that the taxonomy of the genus cannot be considered well resolved.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophorus" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus</taxonomicName>
for presenting a larger number of rows of dorsal longitudinal spines (9-15) and actinal figs not mammiform.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) sentus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sentus" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) sentus</taxonomicName>
differs for having more numerous and shorter dorsal spines and for having mammiform abactinal figs.
<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp (1976)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out some variations observed in specimens from Suriname, such as: number of adambulacral spines (from 2 to 5), number of spines per dorsal longitudinal row (from 1 to 15), and size of the dorsal papular areas. In our study, as well as the large plasticity in the number of dorsal longitudinal spines (from 7 to 13), a character used as diagnotic for the genus, the number of spines surrounding the anus and the shape of the arms also proved to be quite variable. However, these morphological variations do not seem to be related to ontogenetic stages. Despite both adults and juveniles being present in our material, these variations occurred among specimens of a same size class. According to
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, the most common shape of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
presents narrow and elongate arms, while a smaller proportion of individuals have short and thick arms and less numerous spines.
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName authorityName="deLoriol" authorityYear="1904" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) antonioensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antonioensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) antonioensis</taxonomicName>
De Loriol, 1904 with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
, though without providing further details. According to him (Tommasi
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">op. cit.</emphasis>
) the characters used by De Loriol to distinguish the two species are all dependent on fixation mode or represent highly variable characters. An excelent discussion on the synonyms of the several species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
is found in
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman &amp; Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Avila-Pires, TCS" journalOrPublisher="Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="431 - 448" refId="B7" refString="Avila-Pires, TCS, 1983. Contribuicao ao estudo do genero Echinaster Mueller &amp; Troschel, 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) no litoral brasileiro. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 55: 431 - 448" title="Contribuicao ao estudo do genero Echinaster Mueller &amp; Troschel, 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) no litoral brasileiro." volume="55" year="1983">Avila-Pires (1983)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the presence of only two species of
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the Brazilian littoral,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophorus" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus</taxonomicName>
being restricted to the northeastern coast and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
to the south and southeastern coast. We disagree with this opinion, suggesting that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
also occurs in northeastern Brazil. More taxonomic studies are clearly needed in order to better establish the interspecific limits between these two species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="ecological notes">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
This species lives in sand, substrates of sand with mud, and consolidated substrates, often associated with the bivalves
<taxonomicName authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1822" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mytillus" order="Mytilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mytillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Lithophaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithophaga" order="Mytilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lithophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation author="Penchaszadeh, PE" journalOrPublisher="Ecologia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="45 - 54" refId="B114" refString="Penchaszadeh, PE, 1973. Comportamiento trofico de la estrela de mar Astropecten brasiliensis. Ecologia 1: 45 - 54" title="Comportamiento trofico de la estrela de mar Astropecten brasiliensis." volume="1" year="1973">Penchaszadeh 1973</bibRefCitation>
), having also been observed in banks of
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thalassia" order="Helobiae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
is frequently found in intertidal regions or shallow waters, and may be strongly influenced by water salinity (
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, the species was found mainly in reef environments and hypersaline mangrove areas, always together with
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophorus" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus</taxonomicName>
. According to
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, this species is common along the coast of Rio de Janeiro, being intensively collected by aquarists without futher control on their extraction and commercialization.
<bibRefCitation author="Alves, RRN" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Conservation Science" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="159 - 174" refId="B5" refString="Alves, RRN, Dias, TLP, 2010. Usos de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para a conservacao. Tropical Conservation Science 3: 159 - 174" title="Usos de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para a conservacao." volume="3" year="2010">Alves and Dias (2010)</bibRefCitation>
recorded its use for medical purposes (treatment of asthma).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mueller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Othilia">Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
is listed among the species vulnerable to extinction (
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink