307 lines
39 KiB
XML
307 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B170D558F00889D301A1E843E614D85E">Revision of the genus Phyrella (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) with the description of a new species from Guam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D2032C351E4A50AAEFB0A93AE9A6574">Michonneau, François</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D94BAA721ECD9639BB40A1D9767DBA56">Paulay, Gustav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C3097293D12C6B19969753E125A5FCD9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="178B393B5895CA6FF245A536F427148F">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038F8787C1304368FF6CEF3EFD40FC5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183202663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F8787C1304368FF6CEF3EFD40FC5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F8787C1304368FF6CEF3EFD40FC5E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection id="C33C651AC130436AFF6CEF3EFD95FA84" box="[151,635,1381,1407]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B993691C130436AFF6CEF3EFD95FA84" blockId="32.[151,635,1381,1440]" box="[151,635,1381,1407]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<heading id="D0D181FDC130436AFF6CEF3EFD95FA84" bold="true" box="[151,635,1381,1407]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C130436AFF6CEF3EFD95FA84" ID-CoL="3DDLM" authority="(Ludwig, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,635,1381,1407]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
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<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF6CEF3EFD95FA84" bold="true" box="[151,635,1381,1407]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF6CEF3EFE59FA84" bold="true" box="[151,439,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Euthyonidiella aculeata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B60C130436AFE3CEF3EFD9DFA84" author="Ludwig, H. L." box="[455,627,1381,1407]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" pagination="183" refId="ref20387" refString="Ludwig, H. L. (1894) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross ", during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., comm. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, XVI (3), 183." type="journal article" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C651AC130436AFF6CEFDCFE9FFA5B" box="[151,369,1415,1440]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B993691C130436AFF6CEFDCFE9FFA5B" blockId="32.[151,635,1381,1440]" box="[151,369,1415,1440]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<figureCitation id="131D2A14C130436AFF6CEFDCFED4FA5B" box="[151,314,1415,1440]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 25" captionStart-1="FIGURE 26" captionStartId-0="33.[151,249,1035,1057]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,249,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,445,1014]" captionTargetBox-1="[174,1409,1111,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure-140@33.[151,1436,445,1014]" captionTargetId-1="figure-144@33.[172,1414,1107,1926]" captionTargetPageId-0="33" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="FIGURE 25. Dorsal view of holotype of Phyllophorus aculeatus USNM 1871. Scale bar, 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 26. Ossicle assemblage from holotype of Phyllophorus aculeatus USNM 1871 (mid-dorsal body wall). a,e,f: tacklike tables; b–d: regular tables. b–d, e: top view; a, f: lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908414" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908416" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4908414/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4908416/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Figures 25–26</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131D2A14C130436AFEBDEFDCFE9FFA5B" box="[326,369,1415,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="35.[151,249,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,534,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-173@35.[177,1410,531,1892]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 27. Calcareous rings. a–c: Phyrella fragilis (a: UF 4096, b: WAM Z26012, c: WAM Z26013); d–e: Phyrella trapeza, syntypes (d: MCZ HOL1488, thick body wall; e: MCZ HOL1488, thin body wall); f: Phyrella thyonoides, holotype (MCZ HOL1654); g: Phyrella cf. thyonoides (UF 9601); h: Phyrella mookiei, paratype (UF 4770); i: Phyllophorus aculeatus, holotype (USNM 1871)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908418/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">27 i</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C651AC130436AFF6CEF8BFCE4F99B" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B993691C130436AFF6CEF8BFC83FA1D" blockId="32.[151,1436,1488,1632]" box="[151,877,1488,1510]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C130436AFF6CEF8BFD3AFA1D" authority="Ludwig, 1893 a: 111" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,724,1488,1510]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
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<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF6CEF8BFE68FA1D" box="[151,390,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Phyllophorus aculeatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B60C130436AFE76EF8BFDF0FA1D" author="Ludwig, H. L." box="[397,542,1488,1510]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref20348" refString="Ludwig, H. L. (1893) Vorlaufigen Bericht uber die auf den Tiefsee-Fahrten des ALBATROSS (Fruhling, 1891) im ostlichen Stillen Ocean erbeuteten Holothurien. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 16, 177 - 186." type="journal article" year="1893">Ludwig, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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a: 111 1893b: 183
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFD25EF8AFC83FA1D" box="[734,877,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">nomen nudum</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993691C130436AFF6CEFB5FF10F9D8" blockId="32.[151,1436,1488,1632]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611BFC130436AFF6CEFB5FF10F9D8" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A871080C130436AFF6CEFB5FD64F9FF" author="Ludwig, H. L." box="[151,650,1518,1540]" page="129" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" year="1894">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C130436AFF6CEFB5FD64F9FF" authority="Ludwig, 1894: 128 - 129" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityPageNumber="128 - 129" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,650,1518,1540]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF6CEFB5FE66F9FF" box="[151,392,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Phyllophorus aculeatus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CCCC130436AFE6AEFB5FD64F9FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3311708303" box="[401,650,1518,1540]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Panama" location="Gulf" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="USNM 18171" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B60C130436AFE6AEFB5FD64F9FF" author="Ludwig, H. L." box="[401,650,1518,1540]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" pagination="183" refId="ref20387" refString="Ludwig, H. L. (1894) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross ", during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., comm. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, XVI (3), 183." type="journal article" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894: 128–129</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. XIII, fig 6–11.
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<typeStatus id="549D8833C130436AFCACEFB5FC57F9FF" box="[855,953,1518,1540]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB809EEAC130436AFC3FEFB5FBB8F9FF" box="[964,1110,1518,1540]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="Museum">USNM 18171</specimenCode>
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; type locality:
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<location id="8EF9604AC130436AFB0AEFB5FAF1F9FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F8787C1304368FF6CEF3EFD40FC5E:8EF9604AC130436AFB0AEFB5FAF1F9FF" box="[1265,1311,1518,1540]" country="Panama" name="Gulf" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Gulf</location>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="F3317601C130436AFABEEFB4FA76F9FF" box="[1349,1432,1519,1540]" name="Panama" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, shore
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993691C130436AFF6CEC77FCBEF9B9" blockId="32.[151,1436,1488,1632]" box="[151,848,1580,1602]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611BFC130436AFF6CEC77FCBEF9B9" box="[151,848,1580,1602]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A871080C130436AFF6CEC77FD5EF9B9" author="Deichmann, E." box="[151,688,1580,1602]" page="134" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" year="1941">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C130436AFF6CEC77FD5EF9B9" authority=": Deichmann, 1941: 133 - 134" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityPageNumber="133 - 134" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,688,1580,1602]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
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<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF6CEC77FE68F9B9" box="[151,390,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Phyllophorus aculeatus</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B60C130436AFE6FEC77FD5EF9B9" author="Deichmann, E." box="[404,688,1580,1602]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 153" refId="ref19601" refString="Deichmann, E. (1941) The Holothurioidea collected by the Velero III during the years 1932 to 1938. Part I, Dendrochirota, Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Los Angeles, 8, 61 - 153." type="journal article" year="1941">Deichmann, 1941: 133–134</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 25; fig. 1–3
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993691C130436AFF6CEC11FCE4F99B" blockId="32.[151,1436,1488,1632]" box="[151,778,1610,1632]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611BFC130436AFF6CEC11FCE4F99B" box="[151,778,1610,1632]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A871080C130436AFF6CEC11FD53F99B" author="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A." box="[151,701,1610,1632]" page="185" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" year="1954">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C130436AFF6CEC11FD53F99B" authority=": Heding & Panning, 1954: 184 - 185" authorityName=": Heding & Panning" authorityPageNumber="184 - 185" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,701,1610,1632]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
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||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF6CEC11FEA4F99B" box="[151,330,1610,1632]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Phyrella aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B60C130436AFEA3EC11FD53F99B" author="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A." box="[344,701,1610,1632]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref19970" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae. Eine bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten holothurien des zoologischen museums. in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, 13, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1954">Heding & Panning, 1954: 184–185</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 89
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C651AC130436AFF6CECD6FBC7F95D" box="[151,1065,1677,1702]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B993691C130436AFF6CECD6FBC7F95D" blockId="32.[151,1436,1677,2026]" box="[151,1065,1677,1702]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF6CECD6FE6CF95D" bold="true" box="[151,386,1677,1702]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CCCC130436AFE72ECD6FBCAF95D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3311708338" box="[393,1060,1677,1702]" collectingDate="1891-03-12" collectionCode="USNM" country="Panama" location="Gulf" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="USNM 18171" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB809EEAC130436AFE72ECD6FDC9F95D" box="[393,551,1677,1702]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="Museum">USNM 18171</specimenCode>
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(
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D8833C130436AFDCDECD6FD4AF95D" box="[566,676,1677,1702]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8EF9604AC130436AFD4CECD6FD05F95D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F8787C1304368FF6CEF3EFD40FC5E:8EF9604AC130436AFD4CECD6FD05F95D" box="[695,747,1677,1702]" country="Panama" name="Gulf" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Gulf</location>
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of
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3317601C130436AFCEBECD5FC82F95E" box="[784,876,1678,1701]" name="Panama" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FF981051C130436AFC8DECD6FBCAF95D" box="[886,1060,1677,1702]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" value="1891-03-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE9B9C130436AFC8DECD6FBCAF95D" box="[886,1060,1677,1702]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" value="1891-03-12">12 March 1891</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C651AC1304368FF3CECEAFAC4FE73" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993691C130436AFF3CECEAFD6AF885" blockId="32.[151,1436,1677,2026]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF3CECEAFD89F931" bold="true" box="[199,615,1713,1738]" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF3CECEAFEB7F931" box="[199,345,1713,1738]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
External morphology.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body wall rough like sand paper, fairly contracted, uniformly light gray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A14C130436AFF64EC8EFF1DF915" box="[159,243,1749,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="33.[151,249,1035,1057]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1014]" captionTargetId="figure-140@33.[151,1436,445,1014]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 25. Dorsal view of holotype of Phyllophorus aculeatus USNM 1871. Scale bar, 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908414/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body cylindrical with ends tapering bluntly;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C130436AFD01EC8EFCA7F916" box="[762,841,1749,1774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
along dorsum,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C130436AFC0EEC8EFBAAF916" box="[1013,1092,1749,1774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
along venter, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C130436AFAEBEC8EFAB1F916" box="[1296,1375,1749,1774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at mid-body. Tube feet same color as body wall, most are retracted, very abundant, cover both radial and interradial areas without any clear arrangement. Introvert retracted, short (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C130436AFC64ED46FC0EF8CE" box="[927,992,1821,1846]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C130436AFBDDED46FB89F8CE" box="[1062,1127,1821,1846]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide), light gray. Tentacles vary in size between 2 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C130436AFE21ED1AFDC7F8A2" box="[474,553,1857,1882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; exact number and arrangement cannot be discerned given the state of preservation of the specimen. No anal teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993691C130436BFF3CEDD2FEE7FF2E" blockId="32.[151,1436,1677,2026]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="32" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C130436AFF3CEDD2FE4DF859" bold="true" box="[199,419,1929,1954]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" reason="1">Internal anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Three Polian vesicles (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C130436AFD46EDD2FCC2F859" box="[701,812,1929,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="4.0">4–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
), thin, light brown. Stone canal and madreporite not observed. Most of the intestine and sections of the dorsal mesentery have been removed from the animal and are in the jar. Gonads in two tufts, formed by brown tubes that branch a few times, mostly near origin, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C130436AFAD4ED8AFA90F812" box="[1327,1406,2001,2026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Intestine fairly long, empty. Respiratory tree, only left side remaining, dense, extending almost entire length of animal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993691C131436BFF3CEA84FEF5FE73" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="33" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C131436BFF3CEA84FE7AFF03" bold="true" box="[199,404,223,248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="134" reason="1">Calcareous ring.</emphasis>
|
||
Calcareous ring with narrow radials and inter-radials, formed by barely fragmented elements, embedded in a fairly thick membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A14C131436BFD3FEB5FFCCEFEE6" box="[708,800,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="35.[151,249,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,534,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-173@35.[177,1410,531,1892]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 27. Calcareous rings. a–c: Phyrella fragilis (a: UF 4096, b: WAM Z26012, c: WAM Z26013); d–e: Phyrella trapeza, syntypes (d: MCZ HOL1488, thick body wall; e: MCZ HOL1488, thin body wall); f: Phyrella thyonoides, holotype (MCZ HOL1654); g: Phyrella cf. thyonoides (UF 9601); h: Phyrella mookiei, paratype (UF 4770); i: Phyllophorus aculeatus, holotype (USNM 1871)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908418/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="134">Fig. 27i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior margins of radials straight, lightly notched at center. Anterior margins of inter-radials acutely pointed, arrow-head shaped. Inter-radials lie on top of radials, due to contraction of the structure. Radials project posteriorly forming short tails. Inter-radials lack posterior projections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF596619C131436BFF6CEE50FB8AFBDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908414" box="[151,1124,1035,1057]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908414/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="134" startId="33.[151,249,1035,1057]" targetBox="[151,1436,445,1014]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993691C131436BFF6CEE50FB8AFBDA" blockId="33.[151,1124,1035,1057]" box="[151,1124,1035,1057]" pageId="33" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C131436BFF6CEE50FEF1FBDB" bold="true" box="[151,287,1035,1057]" pageId="33" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C131436BFDC7EE50FC56FBDA" authority="USNM 1871" authorityName="USNM" authorityYear="1871" box="[572,952,1035,1057]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="134" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C131436BFDC7EE50FCC2FBDA" box="[572,812,1035,1057]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="134">Phyllophorus aculeatus</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar, 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF596619C131436BFF6CEDC7FCC1F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908416/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="134" startId="33.[151,249,1948,1970]" targetBox="[174,1409,1111,1924]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993691C131436BFF6CEDC7FCC1F82E" blockId="33.[151,1436,1948,2005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C131436BFF6CEDC7FECFF84A" bold="true" box="[151,289,1948,1970]" pageId="33" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
|
||
Ossicle assemblage from holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C131436BFD54EDC7FBC2F849" authority="USNM 1871" authorityName="USNM" authorityYear="1871" box="[687,1068,1948,1970]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="33" pageNumber="134" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C131436BFD54EDC7FC4FF849" box="[687,929,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="134">Phyllophorus aculeatus</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mid-dorsal body wall). a,e,f: tacklike tables; b–d: regular tables. b–d, e: top view; a, f: lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993691C1324368FF3CEACCFAC4FE73" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FF3CEACCFD6BFF4B" bold="true" box="[199,645,151,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FF3CEACCFE5FFF4B" box="[199,433,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" reason="1">Ossicle assemblage.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal body wall
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD18C1324368FD3DEAC3FCDDFF4B" box="[710,819,152,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of tables. Regular tables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A14C1324368FBA7EACCFB36FF4B" box="[1116,1240,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,249,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[174,1409,1111,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-144@33.[172,1414,1107,1926]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ossicle assemblage from holotype of Phyllophorus aculeatus USNM 1871 (mid-dorsal body wall). a,e,f: tacklike tables; b–d: regular tables. b–d, e: top view; a, f: lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908416/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Fig. 26b–d</figureCitation>
|
||
) with disc nearly circular or ellipsoidal,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C1324368FE68EAE7FE10FF2F" box="[403,510,188,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="97.5" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="90.0">
|
||
90–105
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FE15EAE6FE10FF2F" box="[494,510,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m in diameter, 8–12 holes arranged in one circle with sometimes 2–4 smaller holes at the periphery, with complete rim; spire formed by four pillars united by a single cross-beam, with continued projections usually forming well-developed, spiny crown with a central hole. Podia with large tack-like tables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A14C1324368FF64EB7CFEFEFEBB" box="[159,272,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,249,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[174,1409,1111,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-144@33.[172,1414,1107,1926]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Ossicle assemblage from holotype of Phyllophorus aculeatus USNM 1871 (mid-dorsal body wall). a,e,f: tacklike tables; b–d: regular tables. b–d, e: top view; a, f: lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908416/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Fig. 26a,f</figureCitation>
|
||
), with a convex, elongated, elliptical disc that is perforated by a large central hole, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C1324368FAD9EB7CFA88FEBB" box="[1314,1382,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="250.0">
|
||
250
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FAADEB72FA88FEBB" box="[1366,1382,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m in diameter, and 10–15 smaller, scattered holes; spire
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B74C1324368FD2BEB17FCA7FE9F" box="[720,841,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="120.0">
|
||
120–230
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FCC2EB16FCA7FE9F" box="[825,841,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m high, with four pillars that are fused along much of their length, but leave occasional perforations, usually ending bluntly, compressed in same plane as disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C651AC1324368FF3CEBCFFD40FC5E" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993691C1324368FF3CEBCFFF21FCEE" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FF3CEBCFFED5FE56" bold="true" box="[199,315,404,429]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D8833C1324368FD11EBCFFCA1FE56" box="[746,847,404,429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, reexamined and further reported on by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B60C1324368FAE1EBCFFF0AFE2B" author="Deichmann, E." pageId="34" pageNumber="135" pagination="61 - 153" refId="ref19601" refString="Deichmann, E. (1941) The Holothurioidea collected by the Velero III during the years 1932 to 1938. Part I, Dendrochirota, Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Los Angeles, 8, 61 - 153." type="journal article" year="1941">Deichmann (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who confirmed its uniqueness. The calcareous ring has not been previously illustrated. In the original description Ludwig notes that the anterior end of the radials are pointy, monocuspid, slender and are not typical of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FF20EBA4FEC7FDE3" box="[219,297,511,536]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Orcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FF20EBA4FEC7FDE3" box="[219,297,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Orcula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FE93EBA4FE11FDE3" box="[360,511,511,536]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FE93EBA4FE11FDE3" box="[360,511,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Phyllophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, the calcareous ring has the structure of a sclerodactylid, rather than a phyllophorid. The regular tables in the body wall are somewhat similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FC06E87FFBB2FDC6" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[1021,1116,548,573]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FC06E87FFBB2FDC6" box="[1021,1116,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Phyrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other genera including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FF6CE81CFEC0FD9B" box="[151,302,583,608]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FF6CE81CFEC0FD9B" box="[151,302,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Phyllophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are more regular and ellipsoidal than in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FC99E81CFC2FFD9B" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[866,961,583,608]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FC99E81CFC2FFD9B" box="[866,961,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Phyrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, no species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FAFAE81CFA8EFD9B" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[1281,1376,583,608]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FAFAE81CFA8EFD9B" box="[1281,1376,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Phyrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the large, tack-like tables that occur in the tube feet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FD05E836FC90FD7E" authorityName=": Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[766,894,620,645]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FD05E836FC90FD7E" box="[766,894,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">E. aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or have three Polian vesicles, and all have anal teeth unlike this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FE4DE8D4FD2DFD53" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[438,707,655,680]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FE4DE8D4FD2DFD53" box="[438,707,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Euthyonidiella aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks perforated plates, and rosettes in the introvert and cloacal body wall, contrary to
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FE61E8EFFDEFFD36" box="[410,513,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FE61E8EFFE13FD36" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[410,509,692,717]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Phyrella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
These characters, together with the distant occurrence (in the East Pacific, rather than Indo-West Pacific) indicate that this species is not attributable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FC3AE88CFBCEFD0B" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[961,1056,727,752]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FC3AE88CFBCEFD0B" box="[961,1056,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Phyrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and differs from other genera as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993691C1324368FF3CE944FD40FC5E" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
|
||
The calcareous ring, regular tables, and tack-like tables are all similar to species of the sclerodactylid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FF6CE91FFD97FCA6" authority="Heding & Panning, 1954" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,633,836,861]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FF6CE91FFED2FCA6" box="[151,316,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Euthyonidiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B60C1324368FEB1E91FFD97FCA6" author="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A." box="[330,633,836,861]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref19970" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae. Eine bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten holothurien des zoologischen museums. in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, 13, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1954">Heding & Panning, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FCA8E91EFC0EFCA6" authorityName="USNM" authorityYear="1871" box="[851,992,836,861]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FCA8E91EFC0EFCA6" box="[851,992,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">P. aculeatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to that genus. The only other polytentaculate phyllophorid known from the East Pacific,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FD04E93CFB41FC7B" authority="Deichmann, 1938" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1938" box="[767,1199,871,896]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="zacae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FD04E93CFC33FC7B" box="[767,989,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Phyllophorus zacae</emphasis>
|
||
Deichmann, 1938
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was also transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D12C1324368FF4FE9D7FEB7FC5E" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[180,345,908,933]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA83C1324368FF4FE9D7FEB7FC5E" box="[180,345,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Euthyonidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B60C1324368FE78E9D7FD47FC5E" author="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A." box="[387,681,908,933]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref19970" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae. Eine bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten holothurien des zoologischen museums. in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, 13, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1954">Heding & Panning (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |