treatments-xml/data/03/89/87/038987B8AB55FF9C5596BE8FD683FC84.xml

<document id="762D493F2EA84C5ED9910C84A923F6F8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189352" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c5a7d896-b19c-4bc4-bed8-903f77ea94c9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189352" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461101221477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sinev, Artem Y." docDate="2009" docId="038987B8AB55FF9C5596BE8FD683FC84" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02176p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2176" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acroperus angustatus Sars 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFB0FFC0AB5CFF8D5501B860D564FFEE" masterDocTitle="Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698591449932" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4C375F2721A7B754E1DAC04E7F02942F">Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4C9F3EC83108B59D9949301BDF0E6F2B">2009</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C33A6525AB55FF845596BE8FD02AF83E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB55FF845596BE8FD749F8E7" blockId="9.[151,557,1775,1801]" box="[151,557,1775,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0D781C2AB55FF845596BE8FD749F8E7" bold="true" box="[151,557,1775,1801]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB55FF845596BE8FD749F8E7" bold="true" box="[151,557,1775,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB55FF845596BE8FD74DF8E7" ID-CoL="9NMW" authority="Sars, 1863" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,553,1775,1801]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB55FF845596BE8FD4C4F8E7" bold="true" box="[151,416,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Acroperus angustatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB55FF8454A7BE8FD74DF8E7" author="Sars" box="[422,553,1775,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, G. O. (1863) Beretning om en i sommeren, 1862 foretagen zoologisk Reise i Christianias og Trondhjems Stifter. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 12, 193 - 252." type="journal article" year="1863">Sars, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB55FF845596BF59D02AF83E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1849,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB55FF845596BF59D46AF8BE" author="Sars" box="[151,270,1849,1872]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, G. O. (1863) Beretning om en i sommeren, 1862 foretagen zoologisk Reise i Christianias og Trondhjems Stifter. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 12, 193 - 252." type="journal article" year="1863">Sars, 1863</bibRefCitation>
: 217; P.E. Muller, 1867: 169, Tab. III, fig. 18, Tab IV, fig. 27; Stingelin, 1895: 240–241, Pl. VII, fig. 29; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB55FF8455C6BF39D41FF89E" author="Lilljeborg" box="[199,379,1881,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1900) Cladocera Sueciae. Nova acta regiae societatis scientatis scientiarum upsaleinsis, seriei tertiae, 19, 701 pp." type="book" year="1900">Lilljeborg, 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 429–432, Tab. LXIV, fig. 22–27, Tab. LXV, fig. 1–4; Bening, 1941: 254–255, fig. 10 (
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB55FF845051BF39D45FF87E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB55FF845051BF39D0F8F89E" box="[1360,1436,1881,1904]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">harpae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB55FF8455C6BF19D45FF87E" box="[199,315,1913,1936]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">angustatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB55FF845452BF19D490F87E" author="Smirnov" box="[339,500,1913,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1971) Chydoridae of the world. Fauna U. S. S. R. Rakoobraznie, 1 (2), 531 pp. (English translation 1974, Jerusalem)." type="book" year="1971">Smirnov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 406, Fig. 491–492; Flössner, 972: 284–287, Abb. 134, F–H (
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB55FF845194BF19D185F87E" box="[1173,1249,1913,1936]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB55FF845194BF19D185F87E" box="[1173,1249,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB55FF8451E8BF19D0E8F87E" box="[1257,1420,1913,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="variety" variety="angustatus">
var. 
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB55FF845019BF19D0E8F87E" box="[1304,1420,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB55FF8455C6BFF9D4C6F85E" author="Chiang" box="[199,418,1945,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Chiang, S. &amp; Du, N. (1979) Fauna Sinica. Crustacea. Freshwater cladocera. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Peking, 297 p." type="book" year="1979">Chiang &amp; Du, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 203–204, Fig. 135; Negrea, 1983: 301–303, Fig. 123; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB55FF8456FABFF9D115F85E" author="Sars" box="[1019,1137,1945,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, G. O. (1993) On the freshwater Crustaceans occurring in the vicinity of Christiania. M. E. Christiansen, J-A. Eie, G. Halvorsen, A. Hobaek &amp; P. Larsson (eds), Bergen, 197 pp." type="book" year="1993">Sars, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 146, Pl. 102: 4–5, Pl. 103: 7–9 (
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB55FF8455FFBFD9D4F2F83E" box="[254,406,1977,2000]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Lynceus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocephalus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB55FF8455FFBFD9D4F2F83E" box="[254,406,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">leucocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB55FF8454AFBFD9D725F83E" author="Alonso" box="[430,577,1977,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Alonso, M. (1996) Crustacea, Branchiopoda. Fauna Iberica Vo l. 7. Museo National de Ciencias Naturales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 486 pp." type="book" year="1996">Alonso, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 351–354, Fig. 157–158 (
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB55FF845655BFD9D6DCF83E" box="[852,952,1977,2000]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB55FF845655BFD9D6DCF83E" box="[852,952,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">neglectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB55FF8456CEBFD9D10BF83E" author="Flossner" box="[975,1135,1977,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" refString="Flossner, D. (2000) Die Haplopoda und Cladocera (ohne Bosminidae) Mitteleuropas. Backhuys, Leiden, 428 pp." type="book" year="2000">Flössner, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 344–345, Abb. 125.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A6525AB56FF875596B8F7D5BDFAFD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB56FF875596B8F7D60BFF5C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2034]" box="[151,879,151,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB56FF875596B8F7D459FF5F" bold="true" box="[151,317,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="549B880CAB56FF875596B8F7D5B0FF5F" box="[151,212,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Lake Ostensjovand, Oslo, 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF87577BB8F8D7BCFF5C" box="[634,728,152,178]" name="Norway" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Norway</collectingCountry>
(Sars 1963).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB56FF8755C4B8DED478FEC8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB56FF8755C4B8DED41AFF36" bold="true" box="[197,382,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="549B880CAB56FF8755C4B8DED466FF36" box="[197,258,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
several parthenogenetic females from the 
<typeStatus id="549B880CAB56FF875674B8DED6CCFF36" box="[885,936,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
location, 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF87511FB8DED112FF36" box="[1054,1142,190,216]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam slides from G.O. Sars collection, Zoological Museum of Oslo University, slides F 9012, F 9013, F 9014. 
<typeStatus id="549B880CAB56FF8751B1B885D18FFF11" box="[1200,1259,229,255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
specimens not designated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB56FF8755C4B952D5BDFAFD" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB56FF8755C4B952D456FEA2" bold="true" box="[197,306,306,332]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material</emphasis>
(* - samples, where 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB56FF875729B952D7A3FEA5" box="[552,711,306,331]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB56FF875729B952D7A3FEA5" box="[552,711,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
coexisted with 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB56FF875680B952D691FEA5" box="[897,1013,306,331]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB56FF875680B952D691FEA5" box="[897,1013,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): over 100 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF8755DAB939D429FE9D" box="[219,333,345,371]" name="Germany" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Berlin Area, Longersee Lake, 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF8757CEB939D638FE9D" box="[719,860,345,371]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2004-09-15">15.09.2004</date>
, coll. M.A. Belyaeva; over 50 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875446B9E0D4D8FE74" box="[327,444,384,410]" name="Germany" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Berlin Area, Schampilzelsee Lake, 0 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF87569CB9E0D179FE74" box="[925,1053,384,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-03-11">3.11.2006</date>
, coll. M.A. Belyaeva; over 30 parthenogenetic females, 
<specimenCount id="9D26FD27AB56FF8754D3B9C6D752FE2E" box="[466,566,422,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="adult">12 adult</specimenCount>
and juvenile males from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875673B9C6D681FE2E" box="[882,997,422,448]" name="Germany" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF875596B9ADD442FE09" box="[151,294,461,487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-10-23">23.10.2006</date>
, coll. M.A. Belyaeva; 5 parthenogenetic females, 14 ephippial females, 
<specimenCount id="9D26FD27AB56FF8751B1B9ADD062FE09" box="[1200,1286,461,487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
males from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875596B994D46DFDE0" box="[151,265,500,526]" name="Germany" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Brandenburg, Dreiweibernsee Lake, 0 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF8757E4B994D605FDE0" box="[741,865,500,526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-03-11">3.11.2006</date>
, coll. M.A. Belyaeva; over 50 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF87543EBA7AD4C5FDDA" box="[319,417,538,564]" name="Sweden" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, Uppland, Erken Lake, Lake Erken, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE145069AB56FF87565ABA7AD6ACFDDA" box="[859,968,538,564]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="59.85">59°51' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE145069AB56FF8756D4BA7AD124FDDA" box="[981,1088,538,564]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="18.6">18°36' E</geoCoordinate>
, 07-08.2003, coll. E. Bizina; over 100 parthenogenetic females, numerous ephippial females and males from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875151BA21D1A0FDB5" box="[1104,1220,577,603]" name="Lithuania" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
, border of Vilnius and Moletai Regions, Lake Asveya, 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF875746BA08D7AAFD6C" box="[583,718,616,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1999-10-19">19.10.1999</date>
, coll. K. Abračiauskas, AAK-1999-124; * 6 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875441BAEED4C4FD46" box="[320,416,654,680]" name="Belarus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Belarus</collectingCountry>
, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF8756F4BAEED1E5FD46" box="[1013,1153,654,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2005-10-07">10.07.2005</date>
, coll. A.A. Palash; * 6 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875707BAD5D73DFD21" box="[518,601,693,719]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Karelia Republic A rock pool near Lake Ukmozero 26.081986, coll. N.N. Smirnov, AAK-1999-039;3 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF87569BBABCD688FD18" box="[922,1004,732,758]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Karelia Republic, Siamosero Lake, 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF875596BB62D443FCF2" box="[151,295,770,796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1960-08-30">30.08.1960</date>
, coll. N.N. Smirnov, AAK-1999-038; * 3 parthenogentic female, ephippial female 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875040BB62D0FCFCF2" box="[1345,1432,770,796]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Novgorod Area, Valdai District, Lake Edrovskoje near village Edrovo, 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF875168BB49D064FCAD" box="[1129,1280,809,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1993-10-10">10.10.1993</date>
, coll. A.O. Bienkovski, AAK-1999-041; * 22 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF8756C8BB30D17BFC84" box="[969,1055,848,874]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Moscow Area, Ruza District, Glubokoe Lake 
<geoCoordinate id="EE145069AB56FF87545BBB16D765FC7E" box="[346,513,886,912]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="55.753616">55°45.217’ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE145069AB56FF87570EBB16D7D7FC7E" box="[527,691,886,912]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="36.504166">36°30.250’ E</geoCoordinate>
, 0 8.2008, coll. A.Yu. Sinev; over 30 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF8755DBBBFDD449FC59" box="[218,301,925,951]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Nizhnii Novgorod Area, oxbow Lake near Ust'e river near Otora village, 8.08.2007, coll. M. Tarbeev, AAK-2008-036; 7 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875643BBA4D6F7FC30" box="[834,915,964,990]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Tomsk Area, a lake near a fisherman house, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE145069AB56FF875596BB8AD459FBEA" box="[151,317,1002,1028]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="57.80915">57º48.549' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE145069AB56FF87544DBB8AD495FBEA" box="[332,497,1002,1028]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="84.18778">84º11.267’ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF8754FEBB8AD7EBFBEA" box="[511,655,1002,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2005-07-13">13.07.2005</date>
, coll. A.A. Kotov, AAK-2005-284; * over 30 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF87543CBC71D4F4FBC5" box="[317,400,1041,1067]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Irkutsk Area, Barguzinka river close to the coast of Lake Baikal, 0 4.08.2005, coll. A. Evseev; over 30 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF8757BFBC58D66BFBBC" box="[702,783,1080,1106]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon, 0 1.09.1971, coll. N. N. Smirnov AAK-1999-122; * over 30 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF8756E8BC3ED15EFB96" box="[1001,1082,1118,1144]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Jewish Autonomous Area, an second oxbow lake of Tunguska River, after the village of Partizanskaya, 
<date id="FF9E106EAB56FF875111BCE5D1FEFB71" box="[1040,1178,1157,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2007-10-09">10.09.2007</date>
, N.M. Korovchinsky, NMK-2804; * over 40 parthenogenetic females from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB56FF875615BCCCD602FB28" box="[788,870,1196,1222]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Khabarovsk Territory, a small lake near bridge across the River Pir, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE145069AB56FF87548EBCB2D779FB02" box="[399,541,1234,1260]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="9" value="48.983334">48º59,00' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE145069AB56FF87572BBCB2D7A0FB02" box="[554,708,1234,1260]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="9" value="136.41066">136º24.64' E</geoCoordinate>
, 0 7.09.2007, coll A.A. Kotov &amp; N. M. Korovchinsky, NMK- 2780;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A6525AB56FF9C55C4BD7FD683FC84" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB56FF8755C4BD7FD0E1F9A6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB56FF8755C4BD7FD7C3FAD7" bold="true" box="[197,679,1311,1337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description. Parthenogenetic female:</emphasis>
Body of variable shape (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF8756DDBD40D17FFAD4" box="[988,1051,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,172,1760]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A – B—juvenile females of instar I – II, C—parthenogenetic female, D – E—ephippial female, F – G—juvenile males of instar I – II, H—adult male; I – K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G. O. Sars collection, slide F 9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189358/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig.6</figureCitation>
A–C, I–K, 7A–C), usually low, subrectangular to suboval (height length ratio from 0.48 to 0.59), with maximum height before or at the midline, strongly compressed laterally. Dorsal margin from almost straight to weakly convex, in some specimens with clear depression on the border of valves and head shield. Postero-dorsal angle weakly defined to rounded, posterior margin weakly concave. Postero-ventral angles broadly rounded, provided with 1–3 triangular, saw-like denticles (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF8754F8BD81D753FA15" box="[505,567,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[174,1375,583,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[169,1449,563,1869]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – E—denticles of the valves of specimens from various locations; F – K - specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: F—outlines of labral keel of female, G—female postabdomen, H – I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I – II; J—postabdomen of adult male, K—abnormal postabdomen of adult male (abnormal denticles indicated by arrows). Scale bars 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189360/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 8</figureCitation>
A–E). Ventral setae as in previous species, but more numerous (up to 80). Sculpture of valves appears same as in previous species under optical microscope, but SEM examination revealed that the valve have no prominent lines but instead a layered surface (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF875127BE4ED10FF9A6" box="[1062,1131,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,257,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,194,1532]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 females from Sweden, Uppland, Erken Lake, parthenogenetic female: A—specimen in lateral view, B—specimen in dorsolateral view, C—head in anterolateral view, D—posterior portion of valves in anteroventral view, E—head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow), F—main head pores, G—postabdomen, H—postanal portion of postabdomen, I—postabdominal claw. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A, B, 0.1 mm for C, D, G, 0.02 mm for E, H; 0.01 mm for F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189359/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D), no fine striae found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB56FF8755C4BE35D04FF953" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Head keel even more variable than in previous species (see 
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF875699BE35D6BDF981" box="[920,985,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,172,1760]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A – B—juvenile females of instar I – II, C—parthenogenetic female, D – E—ephippial female, F – G—juvenile males of instar I – II, H—adult male; I – K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G. O. Sars collection, slide F 9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189358/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 6</figureCitation>
), both eye and ocellus usually bigger than in previous species, distance between eye and margin of keel varies from 0.9 to 3.2 eye diameters. Eye 2–2.5 times larger than ocellus. Head pores (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF8757A3BEC3D783F953" box="[674,743,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,257,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,194,1532]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 females from Sweden, Uppland, Erken Lake, parthenogenetic female: A—specimen in lateral view, B—specimen in dorsolateral view, C—head in anterolateral view, D—posterior portion of valves in anteroventral view, E—head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow), F—main head pores, G—postabdomen, H—postanal portion of postabdomen, I—postabdominal claw. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A, B, 0.1 mm for C, D, G, 0.02 mm for E, H; 0.01 mm for F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189359/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E–F) and labrum (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF8756BFBEC3D166F953" box="[958,1026,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[174,1375,583,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[169,1449,563,1869]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – E—denticles of the valves of specimens from various locations; F – K - specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: F—outlines of labral keel of female, G—female postabdomen, H – I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I – II; J—postabdomen of adult male, K—abnormal postabdomen of adult male (abnormal denticles indicated by arrows). Scale bars 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189360/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
F) as in previous species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB56FF8755C4BEA9D602F90D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2034]" box="[197,870,1737,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Postabdomen (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF875472BEA9D4DCF90D" box="[371,440,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,257,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1398,194,1532]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 females from Sweden, Uppland, Erken Lake, parthenogenetic female: A—specimen in lateral view, B—specimen in dorsolateral view, C—head in anterolateral view, D—posterior portion of valves in anteroventral view, E—head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow), F—main head pores, G—postabdomen, H—postanal portion of postabdomen, I—postabdominal claw. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A, B, 0.1 mm for C, D, G, 0.02 mm for E, H; 0.01 mm for F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189359/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G–I, 8G) as for the previous species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB56FF8755C4BE90D596F8DE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Antennule as for previous species (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF875763BE90D7CCF8E4" box="[610,680,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[211,1383,196,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A – E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C – D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F – G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H – I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189361/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A), but longest terminal aesthetasc is relatively longer than in 
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB56FF875082BE90D596F8DE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB56FF875082BE90D58AF8DE" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">A. harpae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB56FF8755C4BF5DD597F81C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB56FF875438BF5DD4E4F8B9" box="[313,384,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[211,1383,196,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A – E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C – D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F – G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H – I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189361/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B) shorter than in previous species, less than 1/5 of body length. Antennal formula, setae 0-0-3/1-1-3, spines 1-0-1/0-0-1. Branches long and slender, of equal length. Seta arising from basal segment slightly shorter or equal to the middle segment. Seta arising from middle segment of endopodite 2.5 times longer than apical segment. All apical setae of same thickness and similar length. Spines same as in previous species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5F6626AB57FF865596BE97D78AF874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189358/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[193,1390,193,1743]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB57FF865596BE97D78AF874" blockId="11.[151,1437,1783,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB57FF865596BE97D479F8E1" bold="true" box="[151,285,1783,1807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB57FF865424BE98D7F1F8E1" authority="Sars, 1863" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1863" box="[293,661,1784,1807]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB57FF865424BE98D772F8E1" box="[293,534,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acroperus angustatus</emphasis>
Sars, 1863
</taxonomicName>
. A–H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A–B—juvenile females of instar I–II, C—parthenogenetic female, D–E—ephippial female, F–G—juvenile males of instar I–II, H—adult male; I–K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G.O.Sars collection, slide F9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5F6626AB50FF815596BE74D4F0F958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189359/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[188,1398,194,1532]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB50FF815596BE74D4F0F958" blockId="12.[151,1437,1556,1718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB50FF815596BE74D478F9C2" bold="true" box="[151,284,1556,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB50FF815425BE75D7F5F9C5" authority="Sars, 1863" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1863" box="[292,657,1556,1580]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB50FF815425BE75D771F9C2" box="[292,533,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acroperus angustatus</emphasis>
Sars, 1863
</taxonomicName>
females from Sweden, Uppland, Erken Lake, parthenogenetic female: A—specimen in lateral view, B—specimen in dorsolateral view, C—head in anterolateral view, D—posterior portion of valves in anteroventral view, E—head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow), F—main head pores, G—postabdomen, H—postanal portion of postabdomen, I—postabdominal claw. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A, B, 0.1 mm for C, D,G, 0.02 mm for E,H; 0.01 mm for F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB50FF8155C4BE85D160F8CB" blockId="12.[151,1437,1765,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB50FF8155C4BE85D4E1F910" box="[197,389,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thoracic limb I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB50FF815496BE85D4BBF911" box="[407,479,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[211,1383,196,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A – E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C – D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F – G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H – I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189361/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C–D) same as in previous species, with two exceptions. Accessory seta much longer than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB50FF815440BF6BD4D0F8CA" box="[321,436,1803,1828]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB50FF815440BF6BD4D0F8CA" box="[321,436,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Longest seta of endite two longer than ODL seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB50FF8155C4BF52D189F82E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1765,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB50FF8155C4BF52D4F0F8A5" box="[197,404,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thoracic limb II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB50FF8154A7BF52D764F8A2" box="[422,512,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,185,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[188,1398,185,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6 – 8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E – F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I – J—limb V, K – limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189362/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A–B) similar to that of previous species, but scraping spines six to seven significantly thicker than scrapers five and eight (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB50FF8157DDBF39D64BF89D" box="[732,815,1881,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,185,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[188,1398,185,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6 – 8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E – F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I – J—limb V, K – limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189362/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
C) and armed with relatively thicker setules. 
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB50FF8155C4BFE0D4F1F877" box="[197,405,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thoracic limb III</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB50FF8154A7BF1FD49EF877" box="[422,506,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,185,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[188,1398,185,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6 – 8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E – F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I – J—limb V, K – limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189362/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D–F) as for previous species. 
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB50FF815667BFE0D150F877" box="[870,1076,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thoracic limb IV</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB50FF815144BF1FD1FEF877" box="[1093,1178,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,185,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[188,1398,185,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6 – 8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E – F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I – J—limb V, K – limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189362/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
G–H) as for previous species, but exopodite seta four two times bigger than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB50FF815632BFC6D6C3F851" box="[819,935,1958,1983]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB50FF815632BFC6D6C3F851" box="[819,935,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, seta four lack long setules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB51FF8055C4B8F8D6A2FE9D" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,526]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB51FF8055C4B8F8D4E6FF5F" box="[197,386,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thoracic limb V</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB51FF805493B8F8D480FF5C" box="[402,484,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,185,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[188,1398,185,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6 – 8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E – F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I – J—limb V, K – limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189362/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Fig. 
<date id="FF9E106EAB51FF8054C9B8F8D480FF5C" box="[456,484,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1910-01">10</date>
</figureCitation>
I–J) same as in previous species, with two exceptions. Finger-like projection only just shorter than epipodite itself, not reaching apex of exopodite. Division in exopodite narrow, forming an acute angle or a V (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB51FF80547FB885D4B0FF11" box="[382,468,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,185,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[188,1398,185,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6 – 8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E – F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I – J—limb V, K – limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189362/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Fig. 
<date id="FF9E106EAB51FF8054B4B885D4B0FF11" box="[437,468,229,255]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1910-01">10</date>
</figureCitation>
I, arrow). Exopodite with four plumose setae, their length gradually decrease from seta one to four. Seta four twice as thick as other setae. Inner limb portion a narrow lobe, with short setules on inner margin. At inner face, two distally setulated setae, subequal in length, distal one twice as thick as proximal. Filter plate with three short setae increasing in size distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB51FF8055C4B9E0D67AFE74" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,526]" box="[197,798,384,410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB51FF8055C4B9E0D4E9FE77" box="[197,397,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thoracic limb VI</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB51FF80549CB9E0D495FE74" box="[413,497,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,185,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[188,1398,185,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6 – 8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E – F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I – J—limb V, K – limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189362/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
K) as in previous species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB51FF8055C4B9C6D739FDE0" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,526]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB51FF8055C4B9C6D4D5FE2E" bold="true" box="[197,433,422,448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ephippial female.</emphasis>
Body higher than that of parthenogenetic females (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB51FF80513FB9C6D1EEFE2E" box="[1086,1162,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,172,1760]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A – B—juvenile females of instar I – II, C—parthenogenetic female, D – E—ephippial female, F – G—juvenile males of instar I – II, H—adult male; I – K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G. O. Sars collection, slide F 9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189358/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D –E), dorsal margin, especially in smaller specimens, highly arched, height-length ratio in studied material from 0.56 to 0.62. Ephippium yellow-brown, transparent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5F6626AB51FF805596BF06D13EF80B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189360/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[174,1375,583,1847]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB51FF805596BF06D13EF80B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1894,2021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB51FF805596BF06D47EF890" bold="true" box="[151,282,1894,1918]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB51FF805421BF07D7E6F893" authority="Sars, 1863" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1863" box="[288,642,1894,1918]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB51FF805421BF07D76DF890" box="[288,521,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Acroperus angustatus</emphasis>
Sars, 1863
</taxonomicName>
. A–E—denticles of the valves of specimens from various locations; F–K - specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: F—outlines of labral keel of female, G—female postabdomen, H–I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I–II; J—postabdomen of adult male, K—abnormal postabdomen of adult male (abnormal denticles indicated by arrows). Scale bars 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5F6626AB52FF835596BE20D6B9F92E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189361/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[211,1383,196,1574]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB52FF835596BE20D6B9F92E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1600,1728]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB52FF835596BE20D47DF9B6" bold="true" box="[151,281,1600,1624]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB52FF835421BE21D71BF9B6" authority="Sars, 1863" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1863" box="[288,639,1601,1624]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB52FF835421BE21D76CF9B6" box="[288,520,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Acroperus angustatus</emphasis>
Sars, 1863
</taxonomicName>
from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A–E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C–D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F–G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H–I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB52FF8355C4BE8ED597F8BB" blockId="14.[151,1436,1774,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB52FF8355C4BE8ED498F8E6" bold="true" box="[197,508,1774,1800]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Juvenile male of instar I</emphasis>
smaller than juvenile female of same instar, with lower body, (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB52FF8351F4BE8ED05FF8E6" box="[1269,1339,1774,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,172,1760]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A – B—juvenile females of instar I – II, C—parthenogenetic female, D – E—ephippial female, F – G—juvenile males of instar I – II, H—adult male; I – K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G. O. Sars collection, slide F 9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189358/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F) with ridge in place of female head keel. Postabdomen (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB52FF8357F6BF75D65AF8C1" box="[759,830,1813,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[174,1375,583,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[169,1449,563,1869]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – E—denticles of the valves of specimens from various locations; F – K - specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: F—outlines of labral keel of female, G—female postabdomen, H – I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I – II; J—postabdomen of adult male, K—abnormal postabdomen of adult male (abnormal denticles indicated by arrows). Scale bars 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189360/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
H), antennule and limb I (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB52FF83517ABF75D1A7F8C1" box="[1147,1219,1813,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[211,1383,196,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A – E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C – D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F – G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H – I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189361/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
E) as for previous species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB52FF8355C4BF02D404F81E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1774,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB52FF8355C4BF02D765F892" bold="true" box="[197,513,1890,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Juvenile male of instar II</emphasis>
significantly smaller than juvenile female of same instar (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB52FF8351B1BF02D192F892" box="[1200,1270,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,172,1760]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A – B—juvenile females of instar I – II, C—parthenogenetic female, D – E—ephippial female, F – G—juvenile males of instar I – II, H—adult male; I – K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G. O. Sars collection, slide F 9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189358/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
G), with ridge in place of female head keel. Postabdomen similar to that of previous species (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB52FF835142BFE9D1EFF84D" box="[1091,1163,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[174,1375,583,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[169,1449,563,1869]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – E—denticles of the valves of specimens from various locations; F – K - specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: F—outlines of labral keel of female, G—female postabdomen, H – I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I – II; J—postabdomen of adult male, K—abnormal postabdomen of adult male (abnormal denticles indicated by arrows). Scale bars 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189360/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Fig. 
<date id="FF9E106EAB52FF83517ABFE9D1EFF84D" box="[1147,1163,1929,1955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</date>
</figureCitation>
I). Antennule (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB52FF83503BBFE9D0E5F84D" box="[1338,1409,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[211,1383,196,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A – E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C – D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F – G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H – I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189361/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
F) similar to that of previous species, but much smaller than in adult male. Thoracic limb I (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB52FF8351BCBFCFD067F827" box="[1213,1283,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[211,1383,196,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A – E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C – D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F – G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H – I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189361/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
G) similar to previous species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5F6626AB53FF825596BD93D684F99C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189362/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[197,1391,185,1477]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB53FF825596BD93D684F99C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1523,1650]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB53FF825596BD93D448F9E5" bold="true" box="[151,300,1523,1547]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB53FF825435BD93D7C0F9E4" authority="Sars, 1863" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1863" box="[308,676,1523,1546]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB53FF825435BD93D743F9E4" box="[308,551,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acroperus angustatus</emphasis>
Sars, 1863
</taxonomicName>
from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6–8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E–F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I–J—limb V, K –limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB53FF8255C4BEC0D76FF8E6" blockId="15.[151,1436,1696,2032]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB53FF8255C4BEC0D433F954" bold="true" box="[197,343,1696,1722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Adult male.</emphasis>
Similar in shape to juvenile female of instar II (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB53FF825690BEC0D6B3F954" box="[913,983,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,257,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,172,1760]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A – B—juvenile females of instar I – II, C—parthenogenetic female, D – E—ephippial female, F – G—juvenile males of instar I – II, H—adult male; I – K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G. O. Sars collection, slide F 9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189358/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
H), head and valves with ridge instead of the female keel. Maximum height at the second fourth of the body, height/length ratio about 0.67. Dorsal margin of valves highly arched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB53FF8255C4BF74D770F81E" blockId="15.[151,1436,1696,2032]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Postabdomen long and narrow (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB53FF82574ABF74D7F0F8C0" box="[587,660,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[174,1375,583,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[169,1449,563,1869]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A – E—denticles of the valves of specimens from various locations; F – K - specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: F—outlines of labral keel of female, G—female postabdomen, H – I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I – II; J—postabdomen of adult male, K—abnormal postabdomen of adult male (abnormal denticles indicated by arrows). Scale bars 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189360/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
J), with parallel margins, postanal portion rectangular. Postanal angle well-defined, preanal angle not defined, distal portion 2.5 times longer than preanal. Postabdominal claws situated on small protrusion in the middle of distal margin of postabdomen. The sperm ducts open above the protrusion, posteroventral and posterodorsal angles weakly rounded. Marginal setules and lateral fascicles of setules same as in female. Postabdominal claw of much shorter than that of female, shorter preanal portion of postabdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4CFF9D55C4B8F8D6A0FEC8" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Antennule (
<figureCitation id="131B2A2BAB4CFF9D544EB8F8D4F1FF5C" box="[335,405,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[211,1383,196,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1576]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A – E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C – D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F – G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H – I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189361/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
H) similar to that of previous species, but one of lateral aestetaschs significantly shorter and thinner than other. Limb I (Fig. I) similar to that of previous species, with a few differences. Copulatory brush seta long, longer than first IDL seta. Ventral face of the limb under the copulatory brush with two rows of very long setules, about 20 setules in one and about seven in other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4CFF9D55C4B952D485FE74" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D55C4B952D59AFEA2" bold="true" box="[197,254,306,332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Size.</emphasis>
Length of female of juvenile instar I— 
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, of juvenile instar II— 
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, of adult female— 
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. Length of male of juvenile instar I— 
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, of instar II— 
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, of adult male— 
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4CFF9D55C4B9C6D114FE2E" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,835]" box="[197,1136,422,448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Main differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D54FDB9C7D67BFE2E" authority="Sars, 1863" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1863" box="[508,799,422,448]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D54FDB9C7D7F8FE2E" box="[508,668,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4CFF9D57A2B9C6D67BFE2E" author="Sars" box="[675,799,422,448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Sars, G. O. (1863) Beretning om en i sommeren, 1862 foretagen zoologisk Reise i Christianias og Trondhjems Stifter. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 12, 193 - 252." type="journal article" year="1863">Sars, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5656B9C7D114FE2E" authority="Baird, 1834" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1834" box="[855,1136,422,448]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5656B9C7D6AFFE2E" box="[855,971,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. harpae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4CFF9D56DBB9C6D10CFE2E" author="Baird" box="[986,1128,422,448]" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Baird, W. (1834) List of Entomostraca found in Berwickshire. History of the Berwickshire Naturalists Club 1834, 95 - 100." type="journal article" year="1834">Baird, 1834</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4CFF9D55C4B9ADD17BFCAD" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The validity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5493B9ADD727FE08" box="[402,579,461,486]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5493B9ADD727FE08" box="[402,579,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is hereby confirmed, and this species is not a form of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5015B9ADD0F0FE08" box="[1300,1428,461,486]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5015B9ADD0F0FE08" box="[1300,1428,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Morphology reveals distinct differences in shape and armament of the antennae (see 
<tableCitation id="C6A20315AB4CFF9D5185B994D1BEFDE0" box="[1156,1242,500,526]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="16.[151,239,882,906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1388,933,1492]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 1. Main differences between Acroperus harpae and Acroperus angustatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F6626AB4CFF9D5596BB12D16BFC67" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF5F6626AB4CFF9D5596BB12D16BFC67">Table 1</tableCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D51F4B994D00DFDE3" box="[1269,1385,500,525]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D51F4B994D00DFDE3" box="[1269,1385,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5596BA7AD45DFDDD" box="[151,313,538,563]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5596BA7AD45DFDDD" box="[151,313,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differs by the proportions of the branches and by the morpology of exopodite setae. It also should be noted that 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D54C1BA21D757FDB4" box="[448,563,577,602]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D54C1BA21D757FDB4" box="[448,563,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have longer antenna than 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5666BA21D163FDB4" box="[871,1031,577,602]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5666BA21D163FDB4" box="[871,1031,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because crawling animals should reach the substrata with the end of the antennae for pushing (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4CFF9D56AEBA08D15BFD6C" author="Fryer" box="[943,1087,616,642]" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Fryer, G. (1968) Evolution and adaptive radiation in the Chydoridae (Crustacea: Cladocera): a study of comparative functional morphology and ecology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 254, 221 - 385." type="journal article" year="1968">Fryer, 1968</bibRefCitation>
), the species with more high body (
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D55E5BAEFD43DFD46" box="[228,345,655,680]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D55E5BAEFD43DFD46" box="[228,345,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) needs longer antennae do it effectively. Thickened apical exopodite seta of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D51EEBAEFD000FD46" box="[1263,1380,655,680]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D51EEBAEFD000FD46" box="[1263,1380,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also can be used for forceful pushing, like such setae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5612BAD5D6B4FD21" box="[787,976,693,719]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Macrothricidae</taxonomicName>
, and greatly increase effectiveness of crawling. No intermediate status of these characters was found in the studied material, even in samples where the two species coexist. The differences in antennal morphology may therefore be the main diagnostic feature for discrimination of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5490BB49D76EFCAC" box="[401,522,809,834]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5490BB49D76EFCAC" box="[401,522,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Acroperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females, both parthenogenetic and ephippial.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5F6626AB4CFF9D5596BB12D16BFC67" ID-Table-UUID="DF5F6626AB4CFF9D5596BB12D16BFC67" box="[151,1039,882,906]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F6626AB4CFF9D5596BB12D16BFC67" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[151,1388,933,1492]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4CFF9D5596BB12D16BFC67" blockId="16.[151,1039,882,906]" box="[151,1039,882,906]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5596BB12D46CFC64" bold="true" box="[151,264,882,906]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Main differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D572DBB12D788FC67" box="[556,748,882,905]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D572DBB12D788FC67" box="[556,748,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Acroperus harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D561EBB12D16FFC67" box="[799,1035,882,905]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">Acroperus angustatus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4CFF9D559EBBC5D113FA3A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<table id="F920C40EAB4C00725596BBC5D008FA3A" box="[151,1388,933,1492]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BBC5D008FC54" box="[151,1388,933,954]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BBC5D768FC54" box="[151,524,933,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Character</th>
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D574ABBC5D1ACFC54" box="[587,1224,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABBC5D687FC54" box="[587,995,933,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D574ABBC5D79CFC54" box="[587,760,933,954]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D574ABBC5D79CFC54" box="[587,760,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Acroperus harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BBC5D008FC54" box="[1015,1388,933,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D56F6BBC5D1ACFC54" box="[1015,1224,933,954]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D56F6BBC5D1ACFC54" box="[1015,1224,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Acroperus angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</emphasis>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BBADD008FC11" box="[151,1388,973,1023]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BBADD768FC11" box="[151,524,973,1023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Denticles on postero-ventral corner of valves</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABBADD687FC11" box="[587,995,973,1023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">with narrow bases, spaced</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BBADD008FC11" box="[1015,1388,973,1023]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">with broad bases, saw-like, clustered together</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BC72D008FBC9" box="[151,1388,1042,1063]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BC72D768FBC9" box="[151,524,1042,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antenna:</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BC5AD008FBA1" box="[151,1388,1082,1103]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BC5AD768FBA1" box="[151,524,1082,1103]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">length</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABC5AD687FBA1" box="[587,995,1082,1103]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">about 1/4 of body length</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BC5AD008FBA1" box="[1015,1388,1082,1103]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">about 1/5 of body length</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BC02D008FB99" box="[151,1388,1122,1143]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BC02D768FB99" box="[151,524,1122,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">length of branches</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABC02D687FB99" box="[587,995,1122,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">exopodite much longer than endopodite</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BC02D008FB99" box="[1015,1388,1122,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">branches of same length</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BCEAD008FB71" box="[151,1388,1162,1183]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BCEAD768FB71" box="[151,524,1162,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">seta on basal segment of exopodite</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABCEAD687FB71" box="[587,995,1162,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">less than 2/3 length of middle segment</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BCEAD008FB71" box="[1015,1388,1162,1183]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">as long as middle segment</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BCD2D008FB29" box="[151,1388,1202,1223]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BCD2D768FB29" box="[151,524,1202,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">seta on middle segment of exopodite</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABCD2D687FB29" box="[587,995,1202,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.5 times longer than apical segment</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BCD2D008FB29" box="[1015,1388,1202,1223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.5 times longer than apical segment</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BCBAD008FB01" box="[151,1388,1242,1263]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BCBAD768FB01" box="[151,524,1242,1263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">apical setae of exopodite</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABCBAD687FB01" box="[587,995,1242,1263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">one seta much thicker than others</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BCBAD008FB01" box="[1015,1388,1242,1263]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">all setae of same thickness</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BD62D008FAF9" box="[151,1388,1282,1303]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BD62D768FAF9" box="[151,524,1282,1303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scrapers 6-7 of limb II</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABD62D687FAF9" box="[587,995,1282,1303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">similar to other scrapers</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BD62D008FAF9" box="[1015,1388,1282,1303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">more robust than other scrapers</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BD4AD008FAD1" box="[151,1388,1322,1343]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BD4AD768FAD1" box="[151,524,1322,1343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Limb V exopodite</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABD4AD687FAD1" box="[587,995,1322,1343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Incursion between lobes broad, rectangular</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BD4AD008FAD1" box="[1015,1388,1322,1343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">incursion between lobes as acute angle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BD32D008FA89" box="[151,1388,1362,1383]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BD32D768FA89" box="[151,524,1362,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Male postabdomen</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BD1AD008FA61" box="[151,1388,1402,1423]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BD1AD768FA61" box="[151,524,1402,1423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">shape</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABD1AD687FA61" box="[587,995,1402,1423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">narrowing in distal part</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BD1AD008FA61" box="[1015,1388,1402,1423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">rectangular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351034ECAB4C00725596BDC2D008FA3A" box="[151,1388,1442,1492]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76C15D90AB4C00725596BDC2D768FA3A" box="[151,524,1442,1492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">postabdominal claw</th>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C0072574ABDC2D687FA3A" box="[587,995,1442,1492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">longer than preanal portion of postabdomen</td>
<td id="76C15D90AB4C007256F6BDC2D008FA3A" box="[1015,1388,1442,1492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">shorter than preanal portion of postabdomen</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4CFF9D55C7BE7ED0E4F914" blockId="16.[151,1437,1566,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4CFF9D55C7BE7ED4F4F9D6" author="Lilljeborg" box="[198,400,1566,1592]" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1900) Cladocera Sueciae. Nova acta regiae societatis scientatis scientiarum upsaleinsis, seriei tertiae, 19, 701 pp." type="book" year="1900">Lilljeborg (1900)</bibRefCitation>
had already indicated these differences in antennal morphology in his monograph, but it was overlooked by following researchers. Only 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4CFF9D57CEBE25D61EF9B1" author="Alonso" box="[719,890,1605,1631]" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Alonso, M. (1996) Crustacea, Branchiopoda. Fauna Iberica Vo l. 7. Museo National de Ciencias Naturales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 486 pp." type="book" year="1996">Alonso (1996)</bibRefCitation>
used these characters to distinguish these two species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5419BE0CD4F0F96B" box="[280,404,1644,1669]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5419BE0CD4F0F96B" box="[280,404,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Acroperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4CFF9D54E1BE0CD74DF968" box="[480,553,1644,1670]" name="Spain" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spain</collectingCountry>
. Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D57E3BE0CD6E3F96B" box="[738,903,1644,1669]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D57E3BE0CD6E3F96B" box="[738,903,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were erroneously identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5009BE0CD43DF942" authority="Lilljeborg, 1900" authorityName="Lilljeborg" authorityYear="1900" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5009BE0CD0F8F96B" box="[1288,1436,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. neglectus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4CFF9D5596BEF2D43DF942" author="Lilljeborg" box="[151,345,1682,1708]" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1900) Cladocera Sueciae. Nova acta regiae societatis scientatis scientiarum upsaleinsis, seriei tertiae, 19, 701 pp." type="book" year="1900">Lilljeborg, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; they lack, however, the main diagnostic feature of latter taxon (antennule protruding below the apex of rostrum). Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5743BED9D780F93C" box="[578,740,1721,1746]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5743BED9D780F93C" box="[578,740,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F337763EAB4CFF9D562FBED9D615F93D" box="[814,881,1721,1747]" name="Spain" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spain</collectingCountry>
have very short and high “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D51B7BED9D06DF93C" box="[1206,1289,1721,1746]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D51B7BED9D06DF93C" box="[1206,1289,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="549B880CAB4CFF9D5010BED9D02CF93D" box="[1297,1352,1721,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
” body. Comparison of antennae and males with Alonso's (1996) descriptions, confirm that these are 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D51DBBE80D01DF917" box="[1242,1401,1760,1785]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D51DBBE80D01DF917" box="[1242,1401,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4CFF9D55C7BF66D6C8F80C" blockId="16.[151,1437,1566,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Our data further revealed differences in the shape of the postero-ventral corner of the valves (see 
<tableCitation id="C6A20315AB4CFF9D5035BF66D0EDF8CE" box="[1332,1417,1798,1824]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="16.[151,239,882,906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1388,933,1492]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 1. Main differences between Acroperus harpae and Acroperus angustatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5F6626AB4CFF9D5596BB12D16BFC67" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF5F6626AB4CFF9D5596BB12D16BFC67">Table 1</tableCitation>
), observed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4CFF9D5433BF4DD491F8A9" author="Flossner" box="[306,501,1837,1863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Flossner, D. (2000) Die Haplopoda und Cladocera (ohne Bosminidae) Mitteleuropas. Backhuys, Leiden, 428 pp." type="book" year="2000">Flössner (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. Denticles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D579DBF4DD625F8A8" box="[668,833,1837,1862]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D579DBF4DD625F8A8" box="[668,833,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more developed, saw-like, clustered together. Those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D540BBF34D4E5F883" box="[266,385,1876,1901]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpae">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D540BBF34D4E5F883" box="[266,385,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. harpae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are smaller and spaced. Our data does not confirm other differences noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4CFF9D5037BF34D581F87A" author="Flossner" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Flossner, D. (2000) Die Haplopoda und Cladocera (ohne Bosminidae) Mitteleuropas. Backhuys, Leiden, 428 pp." type="book" year="2000">Flössner (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.For example, we found that the end position of the marginal valve setae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5154BF1BD191F87A" box="[1109,1269,1915,1940]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustatus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5154BF1BD191F87A" box="[1109,1269,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. angustatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
relative to the denticles, is variable. Difference in the shape of the denticles can be particularly useful for the identification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4CFF9D5596BFA8D474F80F" box="[151,272,1992,2017]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4CFF9D5596BFA8D474F80F" box="[151,272,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Acroperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains in paleolimnological studies up to species level.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4DFF9C55C4B8F8D7E7FEA2" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Other differences in the morphology of female include the shape of exopodites V, different lengths of finger-like processes of exopodites I and V, different sizes/morphologies of scrapers of limb II and different shapes of some limb setae. Such differences are frequently observed between close species of same genus, and, of course, are of limited value for a quick identification. Nevertheless, they confirm separation of both species observed in the former characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4DFF9C55C4B939D413FE2E" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">No specimens with intermediate states of the above diagnostic features were revealed in samples where these two species coexisted. The possibility of hybridization is not confirmed, or at least no morphological evidence was seen.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36AEAB4DFF9C55C4B9ADD683FC84" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The variability of body and head shapes/proportions between both appeared much greater than that usually observed for 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C5493B994D766FDE0" box="[402,514,500,526]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aloninae">Aloninae</taxonomicName>
. It is similar to that observed for the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C5112B994D11EFDE3" box="[1043,1146,500,525]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Bosminidae" genus="Bosmina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C5112B994D11EFDE3" box="[1043,1146,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bosmina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C51A2B994D42CFDDA" authority="Dumont &amp; Negrea, 2002" authorityName="Dumont &amp; Negrea" authorityYear="2002" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Daphnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C51A2B994D06EFDE3" box="[1187,1290,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Daphnia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4DFF9C501BB994D45AFDDA" author="Dumont" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Dumont H. D. &amp; Negrea S. (2002) Introduction to the Class Branchiopoda. Guides to the Zooplankton of the World, 19, 388 pp." type="book" year="2002">Dumont &amp; Negrea, 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In most species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C5764BA7AD790FDDA" box="[613,756,538,564]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chydoridae</taxonomicName>
, proportions of the body change with growth, but to my opinion show relatively less intraspecific variation (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4DFF9C5628BA21D6BEFDB5" author="Smirnov" box="[809,986,577,603]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1971) Chydoridae of the world. Fauna U. S. S. R. Rakoobraznie, 1 (2), 531 pp. (English translation 1974, Jerusalem)." type="book" year="1971">Smirnov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
). The main source of variability is the level of head keel development. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4DFF9C572ABA08D7ACFD6C" author="Fryer" box="[555,712,616,642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Fryer, G. (1968) Evolution and adaptive radiation in the Chydoridae (Crustacea: Cladocera): a study of comparative functional morphology and ecology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 254, 221 - 385." type="journal article" year="1968">Fryer (1968)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the keel on the head and body is useful for crawling through filamentous algae. But both species are frequently encountered in habitats with few filamentous algae, and I observed no correlation between the degree of keel development and presence of the algae. Variable head keel and fornix in 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C575EBABCD7A2FD1B" box="[607,710,732,757]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Daphnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C575EBABCD7A2FD1B" box="[607,710,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Daphnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are an adaptation to predation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B5FAB4DFF9C5134BABCD03AFD18" author="Dumont" box="[1077,1374,732,758]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Dumont H. D. &amp; Negrea S. (2002) Introduction to the Class Branchiopoda. Guides to the Zooplankton of the World, 19, 388 pp." type="book" year="2002">Dumont &amp; Negrea, 2002</bibRefCitation>
), and the level of their development within a species can vary greatly depending on predation pressure. I speculate that the head keel of 
<taxonomicName id="4C204D2DAB4DFF9C548EBB49D76CFCAC" box="[399,520,809,834]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Acroperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EABCAB4DFF9C548EBB49D76CFCAC" box="[399,520,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Acroperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be a defensive structure, increasing dimensions of animal and possibly hindering catching and handling of the animal by invertebrate predators.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>