436 lines
47 KiB
XML
436 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="18B3F7523B66485035D5B51D977FF8A7">The little Aplysia coming of age: from one species to a complex of species complexes in Aplysia parvula (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="71785FD4FAE736356B0C64DB7544D65D">Golestani, Haleh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19283B1164A473C9DF0CEBA7287C0FF7">Crocetta, Fabio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79076454B9046F35631D0FE2DD597591">Langeneck, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E7717C804BCC2A6A77967CFF9124F26B">Poursanidis, Dimitris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E018FB63FE269DF979E3FB210662FFE">Pola, Marta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DBBFE76ABB5C6A7AF6EA6A8E4DD29DF">Jung, Dae-Wui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1222DBDDA204CBF86802550FC7B23728">Gosliner, Terrence M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A7EEC0EB78A151B6B6A6222E0B694DE">Valdés, Ángel</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54DFFF8B2EEF9C0AB8FF989" ID-CoL="7Q6CZ" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[957,1178,1545,1569]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii" status="sp. nov.">
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.
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54DFFF8B208F9F9AA4BF9E0" blockId="22.[859,1374,1584,1609]" box="[859,1374,1584,1609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B2A3FF54DFFF8B230F9F9ACFBF9E0" box="[867,1006,1584,1609]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="24.[145,224,1436,1458]" captionTargetBox="[211,1359,197,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-193@24.[209,1361,195,1396]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living animals in the Aplysia species complex 2. A, A. ghanimii, specimen from the Bahamas (CPIC 00229, isolate HG4). B, A. ghanimii, specimen from the Bahamas (CPIC 00226, isolate HG3). C, A.ghanimii, specimen from the Bahamas (CASIZ 175666). D, A.ghanimii, specimen from the Bahamas (CPIC 00040, isolate HG22). E, A. ghanimii, specimen from Madagascar (CASIZ 194433). F–G, A. sp. 2, specimen from Okinawa, Japan (CASIZ 070053, isolate HG100)." pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D79A066F54DFFF8B230F9F9AC8CF9E1" baselines="1603,1603" box="[867,921,1584,1609]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Figs" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">FIGS</smallCapsWord>
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10A–E
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B2A3FF54DFFF8B2AFF9F9AB5CF9E0" box="[1020,1097,1584,1609]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="25.[163,241,840,862]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,800]" captionTargetId="figure-433@25.[163,1443,195,800]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 11. Scanning electron micrographs of shells of specimens in the Aplysia species complex 2.A, A. ghanimii, specimen from Florida (CPIC 01376, isolate HG30). B, A. ghanimii, specimen from Madagascar (CASIZ 194076). C, A. sp. 2, specimen from Okinawa, Japan (CASIZ 070096)." pageId="22" pageNumber="301">11A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B2A3FF54DFFF8B504F9F9ABEFF9E0" box="[1111,1274,1584,1609]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[146,226,1371,1393]" captionTargetBox="[147,1426,197,1330]" captionTargetId="figure-206@26.[145,1428,195,1332]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. Scanning electron micrographs of the radular teeth and jaws of specimens in the Aplysia species complex 2. A–C, A.ghanimii, specimen from Florida (CPIC 01376, isolate HG30): A, rachidian and inner radular teeth; B, outer radular teeth; C, jaw elements. D–F, A. sp. 2, specimen from Okinawa, Japan (CASIZ 070096): D, rachidian and inner radular teeth; E, outer radular teeth; F, jaw elements. G–I, A. ghanimii, specimen from Madagascar (CASIZ 194076): G, rachidian and inner radular teeth; H, outer radular teeth; I, jaw elements." pageId="22" pageNumber="301">12A–C, 12G–I</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B2A3FF54DFFF8B454F9F9AA43F9E0" box="[1287,1366,1584,1609]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="27.[164,242,1091,1113]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,195,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-329@27.[227,1379,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs of the penis of specimens in the Aplysia species complex 2. A, A. ghanimii, specimen from Florida (CPIC 01375, isolate HG29). B, A. ghanimii, specimen from Madagascar (CASIZ 194076). C, A. ghanimii, specimen from the Bahamas (CPIC 00041, isolate HG10). D, A. sp. 2, specimen from Okinawa, Japan (CASIZ 070053, isolate HG100). Abbreviations: p1, penial papilla 1; p1, penial papilla 2; pp, penis; pr, prostate; rm, retractor muscle." pageId="22" pageNumber="301">13A–C</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54DFFF8B27AF993ACC1F9C6" box="[809,980,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B483CE7F54DFFF8B2B1F993AA87F904" collectingDate="2007-01-18" collectionCode="CPIC" collectorName="Stocking Is. & A. DuPont" country="Bahamas" location="Bahamas" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="CPIC 00040" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="549B8818F54DFFF8B2B1F993AB5AF9D9" box="[994,1103,1626,1648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectorName id="26D5536CF54DFFF8B50FF993ABFCF9C6" box="[1116,1257,1626,1648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Stocking Is.</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F337762AF54DFFF8B5A4F993AA72F9D9" box="[1271,1383,1626,1648]" name="Bahamas" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FF9E107AF54DFFF8B426F993ACD9F927" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" value="2007-01-18">
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<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54DFFF8B426F993ACD9F927" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" value="2007-01-18">18 January 2007</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, specimen
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<quantity id="4CD89B5FF54DFFF8B51FF9B0AB9BF927" box="[1100,1166,1657,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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preserved length, leg.
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<collectorName id="26D5536CF54DFFF8B27AF950AC88F907" box="[809,925,1689,1710]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">A. DuPont</collectorName>
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LACM 3643 (ex.
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<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54DFFF8B50FF951ABF3F904" box="[1116,1254,1688,1709]" collectionCode="CPIC" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">CPIC 00040</specimenCode>
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, isolate HG22).
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</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||
<uuid id="FF860C6FF54DFFF8B509F911AB22F8A4" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">673B6957-9CDF-470E-89BB-EDBD58C45ECF</uuid>
|
||
</uri>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54DFFF9B27AF8F5AD71FA56" blockId="22.[809,1426,1852,1905]" lastBlockId="23.[163,779,1115,1536]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54DFFF8B27AF8F5ABB1F8F8" box="[809,1188,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Additional material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CE7F54DFFF9B5E1F8F5AE43FA0D" collectingDate="2007-01-19" collectingDateMax="2013-04-14" collectingDateMin="2007-01-19" collectionCode="CPIC, CASIZ" collectorName="A. Dimitris & Stocking Is. & A. DuPont" country="Bahamas" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="302" location="West Palm Beach" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="CPIC 01376, CPIC 01375, CPIC 00041, CPIC 00229, CPIC 00226, CASIZ 175666" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<location id="8EFF6061F54DFFF8B5E1F8F5AA99F8FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987ACF54DFFF6B2EEF9C0AA87F8F2:8EFF6061F54DFFF8B5E1F8F5AA99F8FB" box="[1202,1420,1852,1874]" country="Bahamas" name="West Palm Beach" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" stateProvince="Florida">West Palm Beach</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E4F858F54DFFF8B27AF892AC6EF8D8" box="[809,891,1883,1905]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, USA,
|
||
<date id="FF9E107AF54DFFF8B2EDF892AB58F8D9" box="[958,1101,1883,1905]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" value="2013-04-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54DFFF8B2EDF892AB58F8D9" box="[958,1101,1883,1905]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" value="2013-04-14">14April 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,onespecimen 7 mmpreserved length, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B077FB95AEB7FBD8" box="[292,418,1115,1137]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. Dimitris</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54CFFF9B0E3FB95AD29FBD8" box="[432,572,1115,1137]" collectionCode="CPIC" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">CPIC 01376</specimenCode>
|
||
, isolate HG30);
|
||
<date id="FF9E107AF54CFFF9B3BCFB95AE0BFB26" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2013-04-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54CFFF9B3BCFB95AE0BFB26" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2013-04-14">14 April 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD33F54CFFF9B079FBB2AED6FB39" box="[298,451,1146,1168]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B5FF54CFFF9B09FFBB3AD18FB39" box="[460,525,1146,1168]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
preserved length, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B1F0FB50AE31FB06" box="[163,292,1177,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. Dimitris</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54CFFF9B067FB50AED7FB06" box="[308,450,1177,1199]" collectionCode="CPIC" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">CPIC 01375</specimenCode>
|
||
, isolate HG29).
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B32FFB50AC10FB07" box="[636,773,1177,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Stocking Is.</collectorName>
|
||
, Exumas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337762AF54CFFF9B041FB7EAE97FB64" box="[274,386,1207,1229]" name="Bahamas" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9E107AF54CFFF9B0C3FB71AD48FB64" box="[400,605,1208,1229]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2007-01-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54CFFF9B0C3FB71AD48FB64" box="[400,605,1208,1229]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2007-01-19">19 January 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD33F54CFFF9B339FB71AC1FFB64" box="[618,778,1207,1229]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B5FF54CFFF9B1F0FB1FAFE7FB45" box="[163,242,1238,1260]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
preserved length, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B0A6FB1FAD7EFB45" box="[501,619,1238,1260]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. DuPont</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54CFFF9B329FB1FAC13FB42" box="[634,774,1238,1259]" collectionCode="CPIC" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">CPIC 00041</specimenCode>
|
||
, isolate HG10);
|
||
<date id="FF9E107AF54CFFF9B01CFB3CAD09FAA3" box="[335,540,1269,1291]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2010-02-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54CFFF9B01CFB3CAD09FAA3" box="[335,540,1269,1291]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2010-02-11">11 February 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD33F54CFFF9B37BFB3CADD4FAA2" box="[552,705,1269,1291]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B5FF54CFFF9B39AFB3CAC1EFAA3" box="[713,779,1269,1290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
preserved length, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B0F3FADDAD03FA80" box="[416,534,1300,1321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. DuPont</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54CFFF9B375FADDADA1FA80" box="[550,692,1300,1321]" collectionCode="CPIC" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">CPIC 00229</specimenCode>
|
||
, isolate HG4);
|
||
<date id="FF9E107AF54CFFF9B1BDFAFBAEB1FAEE" box="[238,420,1330,1352]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2010-01-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54CFFF9B1BDFAFBAEB1FAEE" box="[238,420,1330,1352]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2010-01-08">8 January 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD33F54CFFF9B0E3FAFAAD5CFAE1" box="[432,585,1330,1352]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B5FF54CFFF9B302FAFBAD86FAE1" box="[593,659,1330,1352]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
preserved length, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B075FA98AE8EFACF" box="[294,411,1361,1382]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. DuPont</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54CFFF9B0F9FA98AD23FACE" box="[426,566,1361,1383]" collectionCode="CPIC" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">CPIC 00226</specimenCode>
|
||
, isolate HG3); 2-m depth,
|
||
<date id="FF9E107AF54CFFF9B1A1FAB9AEA1FA2C" box="[242,436,1392,1413]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2007-01-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54CFFF9B1A1FAB9AEA1FA2C" box="[242,436,1392,1413]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2007-01-19">19 January 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD33F54CFFF9B093FAB9AD4EFA2C" box="[448,603,1391,1413]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B3C7FAB9AC1EFA2C" box="[660,779,1392,1413]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. DuPont</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54CFFF9B1F9FA47AE5BFA0D" box="[170,334,1422,1444]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">CASIZ 175666</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CE7F54CFFF9B033FA47AFE8FA48" collectingDate="2010-05-13" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Atimo Vatae Expedition" country="Madagascar" location="South" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" specimenCode="CASIZ 194076" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFF6061F54CFFF9B033FA47AEB7FA0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987ACF54DFFF6B2EEF9C0AA87F8F2:8EFF6061F54CFFF9B033FA47AEB7FA0D" box="[352,418,1422,1444]" country="Madagascar" name="South" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">South</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337762AF54CFFF9B0FAFA47AD25FA0D" box="[425,560,1422,1444]" name="Madagascar" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1-m depth,
|
||
<date id="FF9E107AF54CFFF9B3EBFA47AFCFFA6B" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2010-05-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54CFFF9B3EBFA47AFCFFA6B" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2010-05-13">13 May 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD33F54CFFF9B1B7FA64AE6CFA6A" box="[228,377,1453,1475]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B0FEFA64ADA6FA6A" box="[429,691,1453,1475]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Atimo Vatae Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54CFFF9B393FA64AFE3FA48" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">CASIZ 194076</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CE7F54CFFF9B05BFA05AD75FA56" collectingDate="2010-05-16" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Atimo Vatae Expedition" country="Madagascar" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" specimenCode="CASIZ 194433" specimenCount="8">
|
||
7-m depth,
|
||
<date id="FF9E107AF54CFFF9B0DBFA02AD0FFA48" box="[392,538,1483,1505]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2010-05-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDAE992F54CFFF9B0DBFA02AD0FFA48" box="[392,538,1483,1505]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" value="2010-05-16">16 May 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD33F54CFFF9B376FA02ADCFFA48" box="[549,730,1483,1505]" count="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5536CF54CFFF9B1F0FA23AEBDF9A9" box="[163,424,1514,1536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Atimo Vatae Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869EC1F54CFFF9B0E6FA23AD4DFA56" box="[437,600,1514,1535]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">CASIZ 194433</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F6632F54CFFF9B1F7FC0EAC1FFB9C" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" startId="23.[164,242,967,989]" targetBox="[227,1379,195,927]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54CFFF9B1F7FC0EAC1FFB9C" blockId="23.[163,1443,967,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B1F7FC0EAE1FFC75" bold="true" box="[164,266,967,989]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of the penis of specimens in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B38BFC0EAB37FC74" box="[728,1058,967,989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B38BFC0EAC69FC74" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[728,892,967,989]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parvula">Aplysia parvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B2DAFC0EAB37FC74" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1905" box="[905,1058,967,989]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atromarginata">atromarginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species complex.A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B5B8FC0EAA88FC74" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1905" box="[1259,1437,967,989]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atromarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B5B8FC0EAA88FC74" box="[1259,1437,967,989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A.atromarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen from Papua New Guinea (CPIC 00821, isolate HG25). B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B236FC2CACC1FC52" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[869,980,997,1019]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B236FC2CACC1FC52" box="[869,980,997,1019]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen from St. John, US Virgin Islands (CPIC 00140, isolate HG11). C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B0ADFBCBAD64FBB1" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[510,625,1026,1048]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B0ADFBCBAD64FBB1" box="[510,625,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen from Guana Island, British Virgin Islands (LACM FP2.2007-3). Abbreviations: pp, penis; pr, prostate, rm, retractor muscle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54CFFF9B1F0F9FEAD55F94D" blockId="23.[163,779,1590,1765]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B1F0F9FEAE2FF9E5" box="[163,314,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological characteristics as in species complex 2 description. Radular formula 28 × 3.7.1.7.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B5FF54CFFF9B1ABF9BAAE30F920" box="[248,293,1651,1673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
a 7-mm preserved length specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337762AF54CFFF9B1F0F95BAE5DF901" box="[163,328,1682,1704]" name="Bahamas" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(CPIC 00229, isolate H4) and 33 × 4.9.1.9.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B5FF54CFFF9B1A4F978AE30F96E" box="[247,293,1713,1735]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
a 7-mm preserved length specimen from Florida (CPIC 01376, isolate HG30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54CFFF9B1F0F8D0AC1FF8E4" blockId="23.[163,778,1817,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B1F0F8D0AE21F887" box="[163,308,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Named after Hessam Ghanimi in appreciation for his help with this manuscript,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54CFFF9B268FB92ACA3FB39" blockId="23.[827,1443,1115,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">including primer design and sequencing a number of specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54CFFF9B268FB70ACC9FB45" blockId="23.[827,1443,1209,1261]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B268FB70AC9CFB67" box="[827,905,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Range:</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical and subtropical Atlantic and western Indian Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54CFFF9B268FAEFACBDFA97" blockId="23.[827,936,1318,1342]" box="[827,936,1318,1342]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B268FAEFACBDFA97" box="[827,936,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54CFFF9B268FA87AA19F8B8" blockId="23.[827,1443,1358,1871]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B268FA87AB1FFACA" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[827,1034,1358,1379]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B268FA87AB1FFACA" box="[827,1034,1358,1379]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Aplysia ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is genetically distinct from other, here examined, species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B50FFAA4ABE2FA2B" box="[1116,1271,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B50FFAA4ABC6FA2B" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[1116,1235,1389,1410]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parvula">A. parvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26757D3F54CFFF9B58BFAA4ABE2FA2B" box="[1240,1271,1389,1410]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens included in this species form a well-supported clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A3FF54CFFF9B217FA63AC88FA16" box="[836,925,1450,1472]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="11.[163,241,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[163,1440,198,1548]" captionTargetId="graphics-98@11.[162,1416,195,1543]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 2. Evolutionary relationships among specimens sequenced in this study and obtained GenBank and distributions of pairwise distances between sequences. Trees include posterior probabilities (above branches) and maximum likelihood bootstrap values (below branches) Coloured dots on branch tips indicate the geographic region of origin of specimen. Several clades (abbreviated as A, B, C and D) discussed in the Results section are indicated at nodes. Shaded areas represent distinct species recognized in this study.A, topology of the Bayesian mtDNA haplotype consensus tree. B, topology of the Bayesian nDNA genotype consensus tree. C, histogram of COI pairwise distances from the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) results." pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the ABGD analysis recovers it as a distinct species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A20301F54CFFF9B2A5FA00AB5CFA77" box="[1014,1097,1481,1503]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="12.[807,871,1329,1350]" captionText="Table 2. Results of the ABGD species delimitation analyses of COI sequence data. using the names presented in the text. Distinct species recovered in the analyses are separated by solid lines" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B44EFA00AAB6FA77" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[1309,1443,1481,1502]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B44EFA00AAB6FA77" box="[1309,1443,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to other animals included in species complex
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B5FF54CFFF9B2F7F9CFACC4F9B5" box="[932,977,1542,1564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
being characterized by having slender and elongate bodies, much wider in visceral region and short penises with two papillae (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A20301F54CFFF9B5A2F98AAA5DF9F0" box="[1265,1352,1603,1625]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="16.[141,205,434,456]" captionText="Table 3. Summary of the main differences between morphologically distinct species or species complexes" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). These characteristics make animals in species complex 2 easily identifiable and distinguishable from other species previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B5FFF969AA3FF91D" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[1196,1322,1695,1717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B5FFF969AA3FF91D" box="[1196,1322,1695,1717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A review of the literature reveals that no available names can be applied to this species with certainty, thus we here propose the new name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F54CFFF9B513F935ABD2F8B9" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[1088,1223,1787,1809]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F54CFFF9B513F935ABD2F8B9" box="[1088,1223,1787,1809]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">A. ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF54CFFF6B200F8D3AD02F92D" blockId="23.[827,1443,1358,1871]" lastBlockId="24.[145,761,1585,1883]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
Animals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337762AF54CFFF9B556F8D3AB61F899" box="[1029,1140,1818,1840]" name="Bermuda" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B4BF54CFFF9B463F8D2ACDFF8E6" author="Jensen KR & Clark KB" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" pagination="397 - 458" refId="ref31729" refString="Jensen KR, Clark KB. 1986. Class Gastropoda (snails, limpets and slugs). In: Sterrer W, ed., Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda. A systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 397-458." type="book chapter" year="1986">Jensen & Clark (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 12, fig. 6) are externally similar to specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337762AF543FFF6B00FF9F8AD15F9EE" box="[348,512,1585,1607]" name="Bahamas" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
here examined and probably belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B03AF986AD3BF9CD" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[361,558,1615,1636]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B03AF986AD3BF9CD" box="[361,558,1615,1636]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">Aplysia ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this needs to be confirmed with molecular data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5F6632F543FFF6B1C2FA55AA87F9A3" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" startId="24.[145,224,1436,1458]" targetBox="[211,1359,197,1395]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF543FFF6B1C2FA55AA87F9A3" blockId="24.[145,1426,1436,1546]" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B1C2FA55AE1DFA18" bold="true" box="[145,264,1436,1458]" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of living animals in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B3CDFA55AC55FA1B" box="[670,832,1436,1458]" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B3CDFA55ADF8FA1B" box="[670,749,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">Aplysia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex 2. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B28BFA55AB43FA1B" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[984,1110,1436,1458]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B28BFA55AB43FA1B" box="[984,1110,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">A. ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen from the Bahamas (CPIC 00229, isolate HG4). B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B095FA73AD54FA79" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[454,577,1466,1488]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B095FA73AD54FA79" box="[454,577,1466,1488]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">A. ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen from the Bahamas (CPIC 00226, isolate HG3). C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B5F8FA73AA30FA79" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[1195,1317,1466,1488]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B5F8FA73AA30FA79" box="[1195,1317,1466,1488]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">A. ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen from the Bahamas (CASIZ 175666). D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B373FA1EAD8FFA44" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[544,666,1495,1517]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B373FA1EAD8FFA44" box="[544,666,1495,1517]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">A. ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen from the Bahamas (CPIC 00040, isolate HG22). E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B442FA1EAA99FA44" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[1297,1420,1495,1517]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B442FA1EAA99FA44" box="[1297,1420,1495,1517]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">A. ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen from Madagascar (CASIZ 194433). F–G,
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B3CCFA3DADA0F9A3" box="[671,693,1524,1546]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">A.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 2, specimen from Okinawa, Japan (CASIZ 070053, isolate HG100).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A6531F543FFF6B1FAF944AA87F8F2" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36BAF543FFF6B1FAF944AA87F8F2" blockId="24.[145,761,1585,1883]" lastBlockId="24.[809,1426,1585,1883]" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B1FAF944AE63F90B" ID-CoL="7Q6CZ" authorityName="Golestani & Crocetta & Padula & Camacho-García & Langeneck & Poursanidis & Pola & Yokeş & Cervera & Jung & Gosliner & Araya & Hooker & Schrödl & Valdés" authorityYear="2019" box="[169,374,1677,1698]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ghanimii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B1FAF944AE63F90B" box="[169,374,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">Aplysia ghanimii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B32FF944AFA4F969" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B32FF944ADEDF90B" ID-CoL="FQ54" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" box="[636,760,1677,1698]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parvula">A. parvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26757D3F543FFF6B1C2F962AFA4F969" box="[145,177,1707,1728]" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
found in two distinct ocean basins. We have been unable to find consistent genetic differences between Atlantic and western Indian Ocean animals. The haplotype network analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A3FF543FFF6B351F8CEAD49F8B5" box="[514,604,1799,1821]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="13.[163,243,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1801]" captionTargetId="graphics-25@13.[174,1432,195,1785]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 3. Haplotype networks based on COI sequence data for each of the larger clades recovered in the phylogenetic analyses. Colours indicate the geographic region of origin of specimen as in Figure 1. Size of circle sizes represent number of" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows that similar haplotypes are shared among these two ocean basins, but no identical haplotypes are shared. Thus, it is unclear whether the current distribution is the result of past dispersal or whether gene flow is maintained between these two oceans. In any scenario,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337762AF543FFF6B27AF944ACD4F90A" box="[809,961,1677,1699]" name="South Africa" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
may have played a role as a stepping stone in dispersal between ocean basins.
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAA8F543FFF6B467F962ACA2F976" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D39F543FFF6B467F962AC9FF976" ID-CoL="FQ54" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Aplysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplysiida" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="parvula">Aplysia parvula</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26757D3F543FFF6B2C7F903ACA2F976" box="[916,951,1738,1759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has been reported in both temperate and tropical South African waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B4BF543FFF6B58CF920AA9FF957" author="Gosliner TM" box="[1247,1418,1769,1791]" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" refId="ref31382" refString="Gosliner TM. 1987. Nudibranchs of Southern Africa. A guide to opisthobranch molluscs of Southern Africa. Monterey: Sea Challengers." type="book" year="1987">Gosliner 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B4BF543FFF6B27AF8CEACC9F8B5" author="Zsilavecz G" box="[809,988,1799,1821]" pageId="24" pageNumber="303" refId="ref34599" refString="Zsilavecz G. 2007. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. Cape Town: Southern Underwater Research Group." type="book" year="2007">Zsilavecz 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, we have been unable to sequence specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337762AF543FFF6B504F8EFABF9F895" box="[1111,1260,1830,1852]" name="South Africa" pageId="24" pageNumber="303">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is why we are not certain which species occurs in this region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |