301 lines
28 KiB
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301 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0a7142d-1eae-4254-b91a-30b70eb9b5ee" ID-PMC="PMC6690523" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-183" ID-PubMed="31413657" ID-ZooBank="A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-183" checkinTime="1565091121862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="D8CEF7F900E353138FB37B305189B1A6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 183-306" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" docTitle="Swiftia spauldingi Nutting 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="206" masterDocId="D577415D00092007FFDF4B2B606EFFFB" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="203" updateTime="1668167482081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>860</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>183</mods:start>
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<mods:end>306</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D8CEF7F900E353138FB37B305189B1A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D8CEF7F900E353138FB37B305189B1A6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="20" pageNumber="203">
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="203" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicName LSID="d8cef7f9-00e3-5313-8fb3-7b305189b1a6" authority="Nutting, 1909" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1909" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia spauldingi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="203" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">Swiftia cf. spauldingi (Nutting, 1909)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455. Full colony height approximately 12 cm. Image taken by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314858" pageId="20" pageNumber="203">Figures 11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455, light microscopy arrays. A 4 x magnification B 10 x magnification; anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods very obvious, measuring from 128 - 171 µm. The dense " ovals " measure between 100 - 115 µm; smallest sclerites are ~ 86 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314859" pageId="20" pageNumber="203">12A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455, SEM image. A An array of coenenchymal sclerites (spindles) B An array of, primarily, " fingerbiscuit-rods, " the characteristic sclerites for the genus. Images prepared by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314860" pageId="20" pageNumber="203">13A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="204" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia spauldingi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="204" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="204" start="start">Psammogorgia</pageBreakToken>
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spauldingi
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</taxonomicName>
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Nutting, 1909: 721, 722, pl 89 (figs 3, 4), 90 (fig. 7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">
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? =
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplexaura marki" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="204" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marki">Euplexaura marki</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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, 1913: 266; noted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="1026 - 1036" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/890" refId="B7" refString="Bayer, FM, 1979. Adelogorgiatelones, a New Species of Gorgonacean Coral (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Galapagos Islands. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 91: 1026 - 1036" title="Adelogorgiatelones, a New Species of Gorgonacean Coral (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Galapagos Islands." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/890" volume="91" year="1979">Bayer 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 1034.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">
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?
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Chromoplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoplexaura marki" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="204" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marki">Chromoplexaura marki</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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, 1913):
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803" author="Williams, GC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys," pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="15 - 42" refId="B186" refString="Williams, GC, 2013. New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific Coast of North America (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). . ZooKeys, 283: 15 - 42" title="New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific Coast of North America (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803" volume="283" year="2013">Williams 2013</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="204" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">[USA], North Pacific, California, Monterey Bay, Pacific Grove.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="204" type="type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">Type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="204">Holotype</emphasis>
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; transferred from Hopkins Marine Laboratory Collection; [USNM 91854, wet]; specimen was examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="204" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">
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~9 lots (see Appendix 3: List of material examined). [See also discussion regarding "red whip" forms, in Remarks section for species
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Chromoplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoplexaura marki" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="204" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marki">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="204">Chromoplexaura marki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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discussed in Part II of this work.]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="21" pageNumber="204" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="204">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="21" pageNumber="204">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="204">Colony</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455. Full colony height approximately 12 cm. Image taken by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314858" pageId="21" pageNumber="204">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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) low, moderately bushy (tending to one plane); flabellate. Sparsely branched; irregularly dichotomous, subdividing some distance above base; branches round in cross section. Terminal branches somewhat stout, 5.0-10.0 cm long, as large as main stem, nearly as round (2.0-3.0 mm thick); slender, whip-like.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="205" start="start">Polyps</pageBreakToken>
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scattered closely, uniformly, over surface on all sides, as very low, fairly large, somewhat rounded warts; in some specimens, scarcely raised above general surface of colony, almost entirely included, hardly evident (flush), seeming to be nearly absent, yet in others readily visible; less than 1.0 mm across, 1.0 mm apart. Color of living colony bright coral or salmon-orange; sclerites range from yellowish to very pale red (most commonly, moderate to pale salmon pink), with orange rods; polyps, in preserved specimens, appear to be pure white, while in some colonies (preserved) can appear light salmon-pink. Sclerites (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455, light microscopy arrays. A 4 x magnification B 10 x magnification; anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods very obvious, measuring from 128 - 171 µm. The dense " ovals " measure between 100 - 115 µm; smallest sclerites are ~ 86 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314859" pageId="22" pageNumber="205">Figures 12A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455, SEM image. A An array of coenenchymal sclerites (spindles) B An array of, primarily, " fingerbiscuit-rods, " the characteristic sclerites for the genus. Images prepared by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314860" pageId="22" pageNumber="205">13A, B</figureCitation>
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) of several kinds, but generally small, short, exceedingly warty spindles and double-spindles. Sclerites in body wall of polyps somewhat longer, more slender spindles (double-spindles), with more delicate warts and points, tapered with wide, median space, but stout, scarcely acute (but never as long as those seen in other eastern Pacific species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="205" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="205">Swiftia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="205" refId="B4">Bayer (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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noted
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="206" start="start">these</pageBreakToken>
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longer sclerites as symmetrical or with warts on one side simple and conical, elsewhere compound. With appearance of two or three whorls of large, compound, rough warts on each end, those nearest middle usually the largest. These longer sclerites tend to longitudinal arrangement in body wall in eight rows; rows sometime extending part way up outer sides of tentacles. Stouter sclerites (double-spindles) also tapered with wide median space, but shorter, blunt, each end with two or three crowded, usually somewhat confused whorls of large rough warts, forming large terminal cluster. (Bayer, 1956 noted these sclerites as having warts of one side fused like those of disc spindles). In some colonies identified as this species, presence of sclerite form approaching that of double heads (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455, SEM image. A An array of coenenchymal sclerites (spindles) B An array of, primarily, " fingerbiscuit-rods, " the characteristic sclerites for the genus. Images prepared by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314860" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Figure 13A</figureCitation>
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, top row), with narrow median space and large cluster of closely crowded warts on each end, resembling dark, dense triangular tip; these sclerites are of particular interest in comparison with
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Chromoplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoplexaura marki" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marki">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Chromoplexaura marki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the double dunce-cap sclerite. Other heads shorter, lacking median space, entirely covered with crowded warts. Crosses, with four short, roughly-warted branches said to occur frequently; not evident in examinations undertaken. Fingerbiscuit rods (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455, SEM image. A An array of coenenchymal sclerites (spindles) B An array of, primarily, " fingerbiscuit-rods, " the characteristic sclerites for the genus. Images prepared by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314860" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Figure 13B</figureCitation>
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) more heavily warted than those seen in other species from genus (but may not be abundantly present).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314858" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia spauldingi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Swiftia spauldingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, CB#34806-455. Full colony height approximately 12 cm. Image taken by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314859" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia spauldingi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Swiftia spauldingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, CB#34806-455, light microscopy arrays.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">A</emphasis>
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4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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magnification
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">B</emphasis>
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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magnification; anthocodial fingerbiscuit-rods very obvious, measuring from 128-171
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. The dense
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“ovals”">"ovals"</normalizedToken>
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measure between 100-115
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; smallest sclerites are ~86
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314860" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
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Figure 13.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia spauldingi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Swiftia spauldingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, CB#34806-455, SEM image.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">A</emphasis>
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An array of coenenchymal sclerites (spindles)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">B</emphasis>
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An array of, primarily,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“fingerbiscuit-rods,”">"fingerbiscuit-rods,"</normalizedToken>
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the characteristic sclerites for the genus. Images prepared by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="206" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Named in honor of Mr MH Spaulding from Stanford University.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="206" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
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Rarely, southern California (Los Angeles County); may extend from central California, northern California Channel Islands, north to coast of Washington State (Strait of Juan de Fuca). Distribution based on specimens examined with collection location data, from several sources (NMNH, NOAA offices, MBARI). The specimen collected by Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary in 2008, collected at 335 m, ~
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="48.131386">48°07'53"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="125" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-125.08889">125°05'20"W</geoCoordinate>
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, confirmed WA coastal waters as a location for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="206" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
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Conspicuous
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<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" lsidName="Holaxonia" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="class">Ophiuroidea</taxonomicName>
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found intertwined on branches, as those seen on specimen from "Oregon State, R/V
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Yaquina’">'Yaquina'</normalizedToken>
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NH15" (SBMNH 423073) and that collected by Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary in 2008.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
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Multiple labels (NMNH) were associated with some specimens examined, along with differences in literature usage of the genus name
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Swiftia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and at least one specimen at NMNH had been given the name
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia spauldingi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Psammogorgia spauldingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(while elsewhere,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bayer’s">Bayer's</normalizedToken>
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SEM files, the folder of SEM images for this same specimen, was labeled "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia caryi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caryi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Leptogorgia caryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia spauldingi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Swiftia spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
," with the numbers "57157, SEM 2787 & 2790" [note use of the genus name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Swiftia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; however, this synonymy designation is in error).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">
|
||
The discussion of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Chromoplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoplexaura marki" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">Chromoplexaura marki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Part II (along with remarks given for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. simplex" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">S. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is pertinent. At least one specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. marki" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="marki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">C. marki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined had sclerites very similar to those seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. spauldingi" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">S. spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there were no anthocodial fingerbiscuit rods. Could
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. spauldingi" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">S. spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sometimes be seen as a less-branched colony, resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. marki" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="marki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">C. marki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or be very unbranched, and look more like
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. simplex" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">S. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)?
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. simplex" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">S. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. spauldingi" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">S. spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. marki" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="marki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">C. marki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have similar colony appearance; but the first two will have the fingerbiscuit rods, and only the latter two will have sclerites showing other similarities of form (but not entirely). A key difference (and justification for keeping the two,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. marki" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="marki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">C. marki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. spauldingi" pageId="23" pageNumber="206" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="206">S. spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as separate species) is the consistent lack of fingerbiscuit rods in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. marki" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" rank="species" species="marki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="207" start="start">C</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. marki
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but which does have the unusual double dunce-cap spindles that are only uncommonly seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. spauldingi" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">S. spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and in this latter species, usually smaller-sized; refer to
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Swiftia spauldingi, CB 34806 - 455, SEM image. A An array of coenenchymal sclerites (spindles) B An array of, primarily, " fingerbiscuit-rods, " the characteristic sclerites for the genus. Images prepared by Carla Stehr, courtesy of Ewann Berntson, National Fisheries Science Center, Port Orchard, WA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314860" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Figure 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="1026 - 1036" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/890" refId="B7" refString="Bayer, FM, 1979. Adelogorgiatelones, a New Species of Gorgonacean Coral (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Galapagos Islands. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 91: 1026 - 1036" title="Adelogorgiatelones, a New Species of Gorgonacean Coral (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Galapagos Islands." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/890" volume="91" year="1979">Bayer (1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1034) offered support for a synonymy between the two, but this synonymy seems questionable. More specimens will need to be collected and examined. Despite confusion regarding the status of this species, Cordeiro et al. (2019), shows
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. spauldingi" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">S. spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the accepted name, with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia spauldingi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="207" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="207">Psammogorgia spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the only synonymized name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |