304 lines
36 KiB
XML
304 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="BC187C358B204EE44913CFFFE88CDA62" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.293891" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97ad8d73-38ac-49a8-80f6-24a598667875" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293891" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460205917482" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Breure, Abraham S. H. & Schlögl, Jan" docDate="2010" docId="A12B87A6F458BA26FF1CFDC0266DFBC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02416p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2416" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Plekocheilus (Eurytus) juliani Haas 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="5D12FFDEF45FBA2EFF8BFF992503FFB4" masterDocTitle="Additional notes on Orthalicidae from the Chimantá massif, Venezuelan Guayana, with descriptions of new species of Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828 (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698236714743" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C035CDFCAF5832CBAE05559C4F38168A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C606C6ABBCDFEC6B6AA092B64B6C3237">
|
||
<mods:title id="1B57FB6B92B24A7284001624D5F55560">Additional notes on Orthalicidae from the Chimantá massif, Venezuelan Guayana, with descriptions of new species of Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828 (Mollusca: Gastropoda)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="CD68A0C0C79E646AA3552C498F4A162F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2561A7BAA2B4679D7E07B3DB47690939">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0DC731C39D95B9AE357DC37B833E5624">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A3831294C5C56FE540C37ED43D541BB2">Breure, Abraham S. H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="2E65B81A0D5E5438BF8BDE3A4EE40C88" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9E2D38747EE7F383CB37D7EDC580D420">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="72837643531D7A8D77FD4E7FE8F081B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A56543EF1AF479B3BD48640DDC076D17">Schlögl, Jan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C8FE2EA78B20016D69D856319270C7D8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="0AE5223DF9E0EBFB9D66D2EF4CD4530E" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3839671F4AF492EBFEAFCB0AEBC580A4">
|
||
<mods:title id="2F19940DD8E0A1550A3B226831559D2F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6367ED51E5EC2DE963434388784F7D76">
|
||
<mods:date id="3DE85399428DCA3F057B87337F619146">2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="261954BD221ABEFA93BB95D7A5CD2B45" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="F85728FD89FC3EAFC4BD64475E5243D1">2416</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="8330679D62C1F3A71C6931C9AC73FB24" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="67FE05D5F5C2EEE8B56FF9A93752A541">51</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="641AC3848D38A91ADC241EC9DCB1386F">60</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="9950811DFFF87838A0DCB3C9B5E28D4A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E5621ABC2D3E9727553DA6DB2FB0FD96" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.293891</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B9B84C55D0279E931D4544592D8B956F" type="GBIF-Dataset">97ad8d73-38ac-49a8-80f6-24a598667875</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2D9AD3719DCB18BF59FDF79A2F81388F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="368A7AEB542DAC19B90FEDB819CBD39F" type="Zenodo-Dep">293891</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="A12B87A6F458BA26FF1CFDC0266DFBC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127703098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12B87A6F458BA26FF1CFDC0266DFBC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A12B87A6F458BA26FF1CFDC0266DFBC8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<subSubSection id="6198653BF458BA29FF1CFDC02797FDC7" box="[151,660,601,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA29FF1CFDC02797FDC7" blockId="7.[151,660,601,627]" box="[151,660,601,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<heading id="727581DCF458BA29FF1CFDC02797FDC7" bold="true" box="[151,660,601,627]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F458BA29FF1CFDC02797FDC7" authority="Haas, 1955" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,660,601,627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="juliani" subGenus="Eurytus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF1CFDC02797FDC7" bold="true" box="[151,660,601,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF1CFDC02431FDC7" bold="true" box="[151,306,601,627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Plekocheilus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FEC8FDC024A0FDC7" bold="true" box="[323,419,601,627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Eurytus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FE3FFDC02707FDC7" bold="true" box="[436,516,601,627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">juliani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F458BA29FD87FDC02797FDC7" author="Haas" box="[524,660,601,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Haas, F. (1955) On some small collections of inland shells from South America. Fieldiana, Zoology, 34, 361 - 387." type="journal article" year="1955">Haas, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6198653BF458BA29FF1CFD3B2126FD6D" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA29FF1CFD3B2126FD6D" blockId="7.[151,1436,674,729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0992119EF458BA29FF1CFD3B2126FD6D" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F458BA29FF1CFD3B279FFD0D" authority="Haas, 1955: 375" authorityName="Haas" authorityPageNumber="375" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,668,674,697]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plecocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="juliani" subGenus="Eurytus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF1CFD3B241CFD0D" box="[151,287,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Plecocheilus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FEB9FD3B2486FD0D" box="[306,389,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Eurytus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FE1CFD3B24DEFD0D" box="[407,477,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">juliani</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A82310A1F458BA29FE6DFD3B279FFD0D" author="Haas" box="[486,668,674,697]" page="375" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" year="1955">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F458BA29FE6DFD3B2766FD0D" author="Haas" box="[486,613,674,697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refString="Haas, F. (1955) On some small collections of inland shells from South America. Fieldiana, Zoology, 34, 361 - 387." type="journal article" year="1955">Haas, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 375
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 78.
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6398812F458BA29FC8FFD3B263AFD0D" box="[772,825,674,697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51957620F458BA29FC2FFD3B2117FD0D" box="[932,1044,674,697]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, State of Bolivar, northwest part of Chimantá massif, summit of Apacará-tepui, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="EE7A9B55F458BA29FD4EFD5B261AFD6D" box="[709,793,706,729]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6398812F458BA29FCAFFD5B2682FD6D" box="[804,897,706,729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
FMNH 49737.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6198653BF458BA29FF1CFC9E2432FCD8" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA29FF1CFC9E2432FCD8" blockId="7.[151,1436,775,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF1CFC9E2408FC95" bold="true" box="[151,267,775,801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51957620F458BA29FE98FC91248DFC96" box="[275,398,776,802]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Estado Bolívar, Chimantá massif, Churí-tepui,
|
||
<quantity id="EE7A9B55F458BA29FC4FFC912123FC96" box="[964,1056,776,802]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="2130.0">2130 m</quantity>
|
||
, J. Schlögl leg.,
|
||
<date id="5D3C1070F458BA29FB68FC912034FC96" box="[1251,1335,776,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" value="2009-02">ii.2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F93AE75F458BA29FACFFC91209FFC96" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[1348,1436,776,802]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
114247/1; ibidem, above central valley, B. Smida leg.,
|
||
<date id="5D3C1070F458BA29FCABFCB42676FCF3" box="[800,885,813,839]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" value="2009-02">ii.2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4F93AE75F458BA29FC09FCB426D9FCF3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[898,986,813,839]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
114248/
|
||
<specimenCount id="3F84FD39F458BA29FBCDFCB42180FCF3" box="[1094,1155,813,839]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="generic">1 juv.</specimenCount>
|
||
fragment. Both locality 3 on
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1B92A35F458BA29FF5AFCCB2410FCD8" box="[209,275,850,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,413,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,413,1698]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Map of northern South America, showing Venezuelan Guayana (white rectangle) and Chimantá massif (white dot). B. Map of Chimantá massif, showing location of tepuis (modified after Huber 1995 a). C. Churí-tepui. The three locations studied are indicated by arrows." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293892/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6198653BF458BA26FF4FFCEE266DFBC8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA29FF4FFCEE260AFBB6" blockId="7.[151,1436,775,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF4FFCEE243EFC25" bold="true" box="[196,317,887,913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The only adult shell collected is characterized by dark chestnut-brown lightning zig-zag stripes on the last whorl, bordered by a yellowish ‘shadow’ and is thus somewhat different in colour pattern than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6398812F458BA29FF1CFC5B25C9FC68" box="[151,202,962,988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (refigured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F458BA29FE51FC5B2777FC68" author="Breure" box="[474,628,962,988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" refString="Breure, A. S. H. (2009) New Orthalicidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Venezuelan Guayana: unravelling secrets from the Lost World. Zootaxa, 2065, 25 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">Breure 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the sculpture corresponds quite well to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6398812F458BA29FAD6FC5B2098FC68" box="[1373,1435,962,988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">types</typeStatus>
|
||
and the material is tentatively referred to this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7DFD6638F458BA29FF1CFBAB215BFBDD" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA29FF1CFBAB215BFBDD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1074,1351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF1CFBAB240EFBFE" bold="true" box="[151,269,1074,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of species described in this paper. Abbreviations: D, shell diameter; H, shell height; HA, height of aperture; LW, height of last whorl; W, number of whorls; WA, width of aperture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA29FDFCFB1C270FFB73" blockId="7.[151,1436,1074,1351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
H D HA WA LW W
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F458BA29FF14FB29249BFB73" box="[159,408,1200,1223]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vlceki" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Plekocheilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF14FB292424FB73" box="[159,295,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Plekocheilus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FEBDFB29244BFB73" box="[310,328,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FED1FB29249BFB73" box="[346,408,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">vlceki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FE15FB36270FFB73" bold="true" box="[414,524,1199,1223]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C557D9F458BA29FE15FB36270FFB73" box="[414,524,1199,1223]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA29FF14FB43275BFAF3" blockId="7.[151,1436,1074,1351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F6398812F458BA29FF14FB432401FB45" box="[159,258,1242,1265]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
309 177 159 100 261 40 RMNH 114234 322 172 158 100 272 42
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F458BA29FF14FAA924E8FAF3" box="[159,491,1328,1351]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="breweri" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Eurytus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF14FAA92424FAF3" box="[159,295,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Plekocheilus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FEBDFAA9248AFAF3" box="[310,393,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Eurytus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FE12FAA924E8FAF3" box="[409,491,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">breweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FE79FAB6275BFAF3" bold="true" box="[498,600,1327,1351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C557D9F458BA29FE79FAB6275BFAF3" box="[498,600,1327,1351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rank="species">spec.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA29FF14FAC32418F943" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<table id="5B82C410F45845D1FF1CFAC3209FF943" box="[151,1436,1370,1783]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<tr id="97B234F2F45845D1FF1CFAC3209FFAC5" box="[151,1436,1370,1393]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FF1CFAC32447FAC5" box="[151,324,1370,1393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FDFCFAC3279CFAC5" box="[631,671,1370,1393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">417</th>
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FCAAFAC3264AFAC5" box="[801,841,1370,1393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">220</th>
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FC47FAC326F7FAC5" box="[972,1012,1370,1393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">220</th>
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FBCCFAC3216CFAC5" box="[1095,1135,1370,1393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">136</th>
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FB48FAC321E8FAC5" box="[1219,1259,1370,1393]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">356</th>
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FAB4FAC3209FFAC5" box="[1343,1436,1370,1393]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">41</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="97B234F2F45845D1FF1CFA1C209FFA28" box="[151,1436,1413,1436]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FF1CFA1C2447FA28" box="[151,324,1413,1436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">RMNH 114236</th>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FDFCFA1C279CFA28" box="[631,671,1413,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">372</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FCAAFA1C264AFA28" box="[801,841,1413,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">211</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FC47FA1C26F7FA28" box="[972,1012,1413,1436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">203</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FBCCFA1C216CFA28" box="[1095,1135,1413,1436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">126</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FB48FA1C21E8FA28" box="[1219,1259,1413,1436]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">326</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FAB4FA1C209FFA28" box="[1343,1436,1413,1436]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="97B234F2F45845D1FF1CFA29209FFA45" box="[151,1436,1456,1521]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FF1CFA292447FA45" box="[151,324,1456,1521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">RMNH 114236 RMNH 114236</th>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FDFCFA29279CFA45" box="[631,671,1456,1521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">379 394</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FCAAFA29264AFA45" box="[801,841,1456,1521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">207 212</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FC47FA2926F7FA45" box="[972,1012,1456,1521]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">203 212</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FBCCFA29216CFA45" box="[1095,1135,1456,1521]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">127 130</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FB48FA2921E8FA45" box="[1219,1259,1456,1521]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">324 337</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FAB4FA29209FFA45" box="[1343,1436,1456,1521]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">42 39</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="97B234F2F45845D1FF1CF99C209FF9A8" box="[151,1436,1541,1564]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FF1CF99C2447F9A8" box="[151,324,1541,1564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">RMNH 114236</th>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FDFCF99C279CF9A8" box="[631,671,1541,1564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">383</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FCAAF99C264AF9A8" box="[801,841,1541,1564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">211</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FC47F99C26F7F9A8" box="[972,1012,1541,1564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">207</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FBCCF99C216CF9A8" box="[1095,1135,1541,1564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">131</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FB48F99C21E8F9A8" box="[1219,1259,1541,1564]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">324</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FAB4F99C209FF9A8" box="[1343,1436,1541,1564]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="97B234F2F45845D1FF1CF9A9209FF9C5" box="[151,1436,1584,1649]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FF1CF9A92447F9C5" box="[151,324,1584,1649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">RMNH 114236 RMNH 114239</th>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FDFCF9A9279CF9C5" box="[631,671,1584,1649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">392 385</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FCAAF9A9264AF9C5" box="[801,841,1584,1649]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">214 208</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FC47F9A926F7F9C5" box="[972,1012,1584,1649]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">207 205</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FBCCF9A9216CF9C5" box="[1095,1135,1584,1649]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">130 130</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FB48F9A921E8F9C5" box="[1219,1259,1584,1649]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">337 330</td>
|
||
<td id="D4635D8EF45845D1FAB4F9A9209FF9C5" box="[1343,1436,1584,1649]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">43 42</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="97B234F2F45845D1FF1CF944209FF943" box="[151,1436,1757,1783]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="D4635D8EF45845D1FF1CF9442447F943" box="[151,324,1757,1783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F458BA26FF1CF8BC24BDFEF3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1829,2004]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,1148]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
|
||
During the expedition in
|
||
<date id="5D3C1070F458BA29FE36F8BC2768F88B" box="[445,619,1829,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" value="2009-02">February 2009</date>
|
||
, broken shells were found in one of the caves; the shells were located ca.
|
||
<quantity id="EE7A9B55F458BA29FF4BF8D325EEF8D0" box="[192,237,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
under the nest of a bird (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1B92A35F458BA29FD9FF8D32759F8D0" box="[532,602,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,258,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[229,1362,194,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[229,1363,194,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitat and localities of Plekocheilus species treated in this paper. A. Aerial view of Churí-tepui and surroundings from the North-east. B. Brocchinia with a flowering Utricularia humboldtii inside. C. Habitat of P. breweri spec. nov., showing Bonnetia trees. D. Snail inside Brocchinia hechtioides. E. Bird nest in Cave Juliani where empty shells of P. breweri were found on the ground below. F – G. Overview of Sima Nor-oeste, type locality of P. (P.) vlceki spec. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293896/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Although we have been unable to make direct observations of birds related to the presence of the shells, three bird species were spotted in the direct vicinity that could be candidates for ownership of the nest: the rufous-collared sparrow (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F458BA29FC59F80C21CCF81A" box="[978,1231,1941,1966]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Zonitrichia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FC59F80C21CCF81A" box="[978,1231,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Zonitrichia capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the tepui swift (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F458BA29FF2AF822248EF860" box="[161,397,1979,2004]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Cypseloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phelpsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FF2AF822248EF860" box="[161,397,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Cypseloides phelpsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the white-collared swift (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F458BA29FD74F8222100F860" box="[767,1027,1979,2004]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Streptoprocne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F458BA29FD74F8222100F860" box="[767,1027,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Streptoprocne zonaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These are all known to occur on the Chimantá massif (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FE1CFF01272BFF06" author="Huber" box="[407,552,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Huber, O. (Ed.) (1992) El Macizo del Chimanta, escudo de Guayana Venezuela, un ensayo ecologico tepuyano. Oscar Todtmann Editores, Caracas, 343 pp." type="book" year="1992">Huber 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is, however, unlikely that the nest belongs to
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FBECFF0121E8FF05" box="[1127,1259,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Z.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FB0DFF0121E8FF05" box="[1158,1259,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Zonitrichia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, as it is known to nest on the ground. The other two species are reported to nest on cliffs or other vertical walls, often in dark places (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FF7AFF7B2474FF48" author="Hilty" box="[241,375,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Hilty, S. L. (2002) Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 928 pp." type="book" year="2002">Hilty 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FE5FFF7B274FFF4F" box="[468,588,226,251]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Cypseloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phelpsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FE5FFF7B274FFF4F" box="[468,588,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">C. phelpsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nests in colonies and the nest observed was the only one in the cave, it probably belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FE1FFE91270EFE95" box="[404,525,264,289]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Streptoprocne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zonaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FE1FFE91270EFE95" box="[404,525,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">S. zonaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. Foster, pers. comm.). Further observations should clarify the relation between snails and birds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F457BA26FF4FFECB2789FD23" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Although this area is still undersampled, there is some evidence that most species are highly restricted in range. In terms of the IUCN categories and criteria for red-listing threatened species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FB79FEE1208DFE26" author="IUCN" box="[1266,1422,376,402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge, 30 pp." type="book" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FF1CFE042482FE02" box="[151,385,413,438]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vlceki">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FF1CFE042482FE02" box="[151,385,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Plekocheilus vlceki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FE36FE042732FE02" box="[445,561,413,438]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="breweri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FE36FE042732FE02" box="[445,561,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">P. breweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are likely to meet the distribution-based criteria for listing as Critically Endangered. The same category (or the category Endangered) may apply to other land snails of the upper and highlands of Venezuelan Guayana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FDB3FE7127CCFDB6" author="Breure" box="[568,719,488,514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" refString="Breure, A. S. H. (2009) New Orthalicidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Venezuelan Guayana: unravelling secrets from the Lost World. Zootaxa, 2065, 25 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">Breure 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Simone in press,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FC2CFE71216FFDB6" author="Thompson" box="[935,1132,488,514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Thompson, F. G. (2008) The clausiliid landsnail genus Columbinia in Venezuela, and the description of a new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae: Neniinae). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 137, 127 - 132." type="journal article" year="2008">Thompson 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Currently, the Chimantá massif is part of the Canaima National Park (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FD4CFD94266EFD93" author="Huber" box="[711,877,525,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Huber, O. (1995 c) Conservation of the Venezuelan Guayana. In: Berry, P. E., Holst, B. K. & Yatskievych, K. (Eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, 1. Introduction. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 193 - 218." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="c">Huber 1995c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FCF1FD942184FD93" author="Huber" box="[890,1159,525,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Huber, O. & Foster, M. N. (Eds.) (2003) Conservation priorities for the Guayana Shield: 2002 consensus. Conservation International, Washington D. C., 106 pp." type="book" year="2003">Huber & Foster 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and—also due to the relatively inaccessability of the area—threats may not appear immediate. However, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FB3BFDAB209FFDF8" box="[1200,1436,562,588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Nogue, S., Rull, V. & Vegas-Vilarrubia, T. (2009) Modeling biodiversity loss by global warming on Pantepui, northern South America: projecting upward migration and potential habitat loss. Climatic Change, 94, 77 - 85." type="journal article">Nogué et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have shown, the tepui habitats are severely threatened under likely scenarios of climatic change. It is not clear yet how this will affect these snail species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F457BA26FF4FFD3B2142FC53" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Prior to the discovery of the two new taxa described herein, three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FBEDFD3B2003FD0F" box="[1126,1280,674,699]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FBEDFD3B2003FD0F" box="[1126,1280,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Plekocheilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were known from the Chimantá massif:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FE50FD51265DFD56" authority="Haas, 1955" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1955" box="[475,862,712,738]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="fulminans" subSpecies="alticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FE50FD5127CCFD55" box="[475,719,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">P. fulminans alticola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FD5CFD51265DFD56" author="Haas" box="[727,862,712,738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Haas, F. (1955) On some small collections of inland shells from South America. Fieldiana, Zoology, 34, 361 - 387." type="journal article" year="1955">Haas, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FCE0FD512160FD56" authority="Haas, 1955" authorityName="Haas" authorityYear="1955" box="[875,1123,712,738]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plecocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="juliani">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FCE0FD5126D5FD55" box="[875,982,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">P. juliani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FC55FD512160FD56" author="Haas" box="[990,1123,712,738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Haas, F. (1955) On some small collections of inland shells from South America. Fieldiana, Zoology, 34, 361 - 387." type="journal article" year="1955">Haas, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FB16FD51248EFCB3" authority="Haas, 1955 (Breure, 2009)" authorityName="Haas, 1955 (Breure" authorityYear="2009" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mundiperditi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FB16FD512051FD55" box="[1181,1362,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">P. mundiperditi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FAD1FD5125D1FCB3" author="Haas" pageId="8" pageNumber="60" refString="Haas, F. (1955) On some small collections of inland shells from South America. Fieldiana, Zoology, 34, 361 - 387." type="journal article" year="1955">Haas, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D134B41F457BA26FF69FD742487FCB3" author="Breure" box="[226,388,749,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" refString="Breure, A. S. H. (2009) New Orthalicidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Venezuelan Guayana: unravelling secrets from the Lost World. Zootaxa, 2065, 25 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">Breure, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All taxa have been reported from the north-western part of the massif and the adjacent Auyán and Aparamán-tepuis. It is remarkable that the south-eastern part of Chimantá is home to two different taxa, while the nearest distance between the two parts is only ca.
|
||
<quantity id="EE7A9B55F457BA26FC1DFCA126D0FCE6" box="[918,979,824,850]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1B92A35F457BA26FC68FCA12125FCE6" box="[995,1062,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,413,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,413,1698]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Map of northern South America, showing Venezuelan Guayana (white rectangle) and Chimantá massif (white dot). B. Map of Chimantá massif, showing location of tepuis (modified after Huber 1995 a). C. Churí-tepui. The three locations studied are indicated by arrows." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293892/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FAB9FCA1209FFCE5" box="[1330,1436,824,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plecocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="juliani">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FAB9FCA1209FFCE5" box="[1330,1436,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">P. juliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs further corroboration. The relationships between the nominate taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE824D33F457BA26FBDCFCC4209EFCC3" authority="Nyst, 1845" authorityName="Nyst" authorityYear="1845" box="[1111,1437,861,887]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" genus="Plekocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fulminans">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF6EAA2F457BA26FBDCFCC421F0FCC2" box="[1111,1267,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">P. fulminans</emphasis>
|
||
(Nyst, 1845)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(occurring in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51957620F457BA26FE25FC1B272EFC28" box="[430,557,898,924]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the Guayanan subspecies need further clarification. A preliminary morphometric analysis casts some doubts on the subspecific status of the Guayanan taxon. However, the number of specimens available is too low to make a statistical analysis possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293D36B0F457BA26FF4FFC6B266DFBC8" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">While mollusc collecting in this area was done until now as a side-line, the findings reported in this paper show that a focussed search may yield additional taxa and may improve our understanding of the ecology in this ecosystem. It is expected that further collecting on these and other tepuis may reveal additional new taxa and further enhance our knowledge of this fascinating habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |