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<document id="A823FD7A55F8EE8E00526C7DB50D7690" ID-CLB-Dataset="25128" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4689.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a63613b4-e611-42e8-89cd-2d3aae126759" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3519047" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572008146457" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2019" docId="9E4CE23AFFEBF168FF036397FE2F2B30" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4689.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4689 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lovenella grandis Nutting 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="62759A42FFCCF140FF946042FFFC2E67" masterDocTitle="On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698761183927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="344ECEB56E980F0C55058E43CBC68C46">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C5DC8C56868DC962787861FA32CB7C4C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="22C8B5FA0A995B7FDC96455D72CDD6BE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4689.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9E4CE23AFFEBF168FF036397FE2F2B30" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159843435" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFEBF168FF036397FE2F2B30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E4CE23AFFEBF168FF036397FE2F2B30" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFEBF167FF036397FDDE2D88" box="[151,546,981,1008]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF036397FDDE2D88" blockId="39.[151,546,981,1043]" box="[151,546,981,1008]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="4D12E440FFEBF167FF036397FDDE2D88" bold="true" box="[151,546,981,1008]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FF036397FDDE2D88" ID-CoL="72NQK" authority="Nutting, 1901" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,546,981,1008]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FF036397FDDE2D88" bold="true" box="[151,546,981,1008]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FF036397FE8C2D97" bold="true" box="[151,368,981,1008]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lovenella grandis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FEEC6397FDDE2D88" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[376,546,981,1007]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="325 - 386" refId="ref144547" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30524" type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFEBF167FF0363BBFEFB2A74" box="[151,263,1017,1043]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF0363BBFEFB2A74" blockId="39.[151,546,981,1043]" box="[151,263,1017,1043]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<figureCitation id="8EDE4FA9FFEBF167FF0363BBFF1E2A74" box="[151,226,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1603,1628]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,706,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,697,1584]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 9. a, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a gonotheca, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4351. Scale equals 0.2 mm. b, Lovenella gracilis: colony with two hydrothecae, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4353. Scale equals 0.3 mm. c, Lovenella gracilis: pedicel and hydrotheca, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4351. Scale equals 0.2 mm. d, Lovenella gracilis: hydrotheca and part of pedicel, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4352. Scale equals 0.2 mm. e, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, York River, Virginia, USA, ROMIZ B1548. Scale equals 0.2 mm. f, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a gonotheca, York River, Virginia, USA, ROMIZ B1548. Scale equals 0.2 mm. g, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, on Donax, New Jersey, USA, ROMIZ B3504. Scale equals 0.2 mm. h, Lovenella sp.: part of colony with a hydrotheca, Bulls Bay, South Carolina, USA, ROMIZ B1546. Scale equals 0.2 mm. i, Lovenella grandis: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4354. Scale equals 0.2 mm. j, Lovenella grandis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA, ROMIZ B1549. Scale equals 0.2 mm. k, Lovenella grandis: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, USA, ROMIZ B3500. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3519069/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
ik
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFEBF167FF03647FFABC2A13" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF03647FFA8E2A32" blockId="39.[151,1437,1084,2041]" box="[151,1394,1084,1109]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="36F57402FFEBF167FF03647FFA8E2A32" box="[151,1394,1084,1109]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FF03647FFEB22A32" ID-CoL="72NQK" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,334,1085,1109]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FF03647FFEB22A32" box="[151,334,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lovenella grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFEBF167FEF9647EFDCD2A32" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[365,561,1084,1109]" page="354" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FEF9647EFDCD2A32" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[365,561,1084,1109]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="325 - 386" refId="ref144547" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30524" type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting, 1901: 354</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 45.—
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFEBF167FD08647EFCBC2A32" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[668,832,1084,1109]" page="59" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FD08647EFCBC2A32" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[668,832,1084,1109]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce, 1961: 59</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 13, figs 3, 4, pl. 14, fig. 1.—
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFEBF167FB12647EFAD42A32" author="Shier, C. F." box="[1158,1320,1084,1109]" page="44" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FB12647EFAD42A32" author="Shier, C. F." box="[1158,1320,1084,1109]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier, 1965: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 24.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF03641EFABC2A13" blockId="39.[151,1437,1084,2041]" box="[151,1344,1115,1140]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="36F57402FFEBF167FF03641EFABC2A13" box="[151,1344,1115,1140]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FF03641EFEB22A13" ID-CoL="3W8FT" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,334,1116,1140]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FF03641EFEB22A13" box="[151,334,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lovenella gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFEBF167FEFA641EFDED2A13" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[366,529,1115,1140]" page="59" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FEFA641EFDED2A13" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[366,529,1115,1140]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce, 1961: 59</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 14, figs. 2, 3.—
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFEBF167FD436419FC8B2A13" author="Shier, C. F." box="[727,887,1115,1140]" page="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FD436419FC8B2A13" author="Shier, C. F." box="[727,887,1115,1140]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier, 1965: 42</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 23 [not
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FC64641EFACA2A13" ID-CoL="3W8FT" authority="Clarke, 1882" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[1008,1334,1115,1140]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FC64641EFB5B2A13" box="[1008,1191,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lovenella gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FB3A6419FACA2A13" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[1198,1334,1115,1140]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFEBF167FF03643CFC782B17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF03643CFB6E2AFF" blockId="39.[151,1437,1084,2041]" box="[151,1170,1149,1177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFEBF167FF03643CFB722AFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643684" box="[151,1166,1149,1177]" country="United States of America" location="Castle Hill" municipality="Newport Harbor" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rhode Island" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FF03643CFE7F2AFF" bold="true" box="[151,387,1149,1176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="C95EED8EFFEBF167FF03643CFF2F2AFF" box="[151,211,1150,1176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFEBF167FED5643FFE822AFF" box="[321,382,1149,1176]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFEBF167FE1E643CFDD92AFF" box="[394,549,1150,1176]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F63EC956FFEBF167FDA5643DFD132AFF" box="[561,751,1150,1177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Newport Harbor</collectingMunicipality>
, off
<location id="133A05F7FFEBF167FCB7643CFC632AFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFEBF168FF036397FE2F2B30:133A05F7FFEBF167FCB7643CFC632AFF" box="[803,927,1150,1176]" country="United States of America" municipality="Newport Harbor" name="Castle Hill" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Rhode Island">Castle Hill</location>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FC39643CFB792AFF" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[941,1157,1149,1176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="325 - 386" refId="ref144547" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30524" type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting 1901: 354</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF5364E3FF172B63" blockId="39.[151,1437,1084,2041]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FF5364E3FE492ADB" bold="true" box="[199,437,1185,1212]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined.</emphasis>
Fort Myers Beach, on tests of dead sand dollars (
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FC7864E0FADD2ADB" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1004,1313,1186,1212]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quinquiesperforata">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FC7864E0FADD2ADB" box="[1004,1313,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mellita quinquiesperforata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), near low water,
<date id="625B75ECFFEBF167FF776484FE5E2A87" box="[227,418,1222,1249]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2018-01-19">19 January 2018</date>
, several colony fragments, up to
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFEBF167FC8C6484FCA52A86" box="[792,857,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high, without gonothecae, coll. D. Calder,
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFEBF167FAD56484FA602A87" box="[1345,1436,1222,1248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B4354.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF53654FFC782B17" blockId="39.[151,1437,1084,2041]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FF53654FFDBA2B4F" bold="true" box="[199,582,1293,1320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Non-Florida material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFEBF167FDC0654CFE632B2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643636" collectingDate="1975-05-22" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="D. Calder" country="United States of America" location="Murrells Inlet" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="B1549" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina">
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFEBF167FDC0654CFD6D2B4F" box="[596,657,1294,1320]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFEBF167FD0F654CFCB62B4F" box="[667,842,1294,1320]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="133A05F7FFEBF167FCC0654CFC082B4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFEBF168FF036397FE2F2B30:133A05F7FFEBF167FCC0654CFC082B4F" box="[852,1012,1294,1320]" country="United States of America" name="Murrells Inlet" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="South Carolina">Murrells Inlet</location>
, inner channel,
<date id="625B75ECFFEBF167FB31654CFAC22B4F" box="[1189,1342,1293,1321]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1975-05-22">
<collectingDate id="721F8C04FFEBF167FB31654CFAC22B4F" box="[1189,1342,1293,1321]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1975-05-22">22 May 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="BB1036FAFFEBF167FA15654DFF192B2B" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D. Calder</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFEBF167FF656570FEB12B2B" box="[241,333,1330,1356]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="4643FB57FFEBF167FEC76573FE632B2B" box="[339,415,1329,1356]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B1549</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.—
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFEBF167FE576573FC7C2B17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643642" collectingDate="2001-10-15" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="D. Calder" country="United States of America" elevation="12" latitude="41.457085" location="Nantucket Sound" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.52652" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="B3500" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFEBF167FE576573FDFC2B2B" box="[451,512,1329,1356]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFEBF167FD9E6570FD4E2B2B" box="[522,690,1330,1356]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="133A05F7FFEBF167FD2A6570FC7B2B2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFEBF168FF036397FE2F2B30:133A05F7FFEBF167FD2A6570FC7B2B2B" box="[702,903,1330,1356]" country="United States of America" latitude="41.457085" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.52652" name="Nantucket Sound" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Nantucket Sound</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="07E84A0EFFEBF167FC066571FBB22B2B" box="[914,1102,1330,1357]" location="Chop Light" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E of Chop Light</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFEBF167FBCE6573FB0E2B2B" box="[1114,1266,1329,1356]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="27.425" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="41.457085">41°27.425N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFEBF167FB696573FA642B2B" box="[1277,1432,1329,1356]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="31.591" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="-70.52652">70°31.591W</geoCoordinate>
.
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFEBF167FF036514FF282B16" box="[151,212,1366,1393]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="12.0">
<elevation id="9DC8B41FFFEBF167FF036514FF282B16" box="[151,212,1366,1393]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="625B75ECFFEBF167FF746517FE5F2B17" box="[224,419,1365,1392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2001-10-15">
<collectingDate id="721F8C04FFEBF167FF746517FE5F2B17" box="[224,419,1365,1392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2001-10-15">15 October 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, on shell, coll.
<collectorName id="BB1036FAFFEBF167FDC56515FD3E2B17" box="[593,706,1366,1393]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D. Calder</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFEBF167FD5A6514FCD62B17" box="[718,810,1366,1392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="4643FB57FFEBF167FCA56517FC7C2B17" box="[817,896,1365,1392]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B3500</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFEBF168FF536538FE2F2B30" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF536538FE6D28F6" blockId="39.[151,1437,1084,2041]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FF536538FEC12BF3" bold="true" box="[199,317,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FED36538FD3A2BF3" authority="Nutting, 1901" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[327,710,1402,1428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FED36538FDE42BF3" box="[327,536,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lovenella grandis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FDB66538FD3A2BF3" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[546,710,1402,1428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="325 - 386" refId="ref144547" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30524" type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, collected infrequently, is poorly known. Originally described from
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFEBF167FF4265DCFE8D2BDF" box="[214,369,1438,1464]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
, the species has been reported thus far only from a few locations along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFEBF167FEA26580FE2A2BBB" box="[310,470,1474,1500]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">United States</collectingCountry>
. Its known geographic range extends from the Woods Hole region,
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFEBF167FB636580FA602BBB" box="[1271,1436,1474,1500]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FF0B65A4FEC42867" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[159,312,1510,1536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="95 - 120" refId="ref135110" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1908) Notes on a few coelenterates of Woods Holl. Biological Bulletin, 14, 95 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1535721" type="journal article" year="1908">Hargitt 1908</bibRefCitation>
; Sumner
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FE3C65A5FE202867" box="[424,476,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2013), to central
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFEBF167FD2C65A4FCF72867" box="[696,779,1510,1536]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Florida</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FC8865A4FC522867" author="Calder, D. R." box="[796,942,1510,1536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013</bibRefCitation>
) along the east coast, and from southwest
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFEBF167FF036648FF162843" box="[151,234,1546,1572]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Florida</collectingRegion>
(this study) to
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFEBF167FE0B6649FE1D2842" box="[415,481,1547,1573]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Texas</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FE656648FCB12843" author="Defenbaugh, R. E. &amp; Hopkins, S. H." box="[497,845,1546,1572]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref130789" refString="Defenbaugh, R. E. &amp; Hopkins, S. H. (1973) The occurrence and distribution of the hydroids of the Galveston Bay, Texas, area. TAMU-SG- 73 - 210. Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas, 202 pp." type="book" year="1973">Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins 1973</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FCEF6648FBB12843" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[891,1101,1546,1572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FCEF6648FBB12843" box="[891,1101,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lovenella gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFEBF167FA9D6648FA982843" box="[1289,1380,1546,1572]" name="Mexico" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. The hydroid has been found earlier on the Gulf coast of Florida (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FCA8666CFC3D282F" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[828,961,1582,1608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FC58666CFBB0282F" author="Shier, C. F." box="[972,1100,1581,1608]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965</bibRefCitation>
). If
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FBE3666CFEE1280B" authority="Vannucci, 1951" authorityName="Vannucci" authorityYear="1951" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Calycella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gabriellae">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FBE3666CFA9D282F" box="[1143,1377,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Calycella gabriellae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FAF3666DFEE1280B" author="Vannucci, M." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="67 - 100" refId="ref152355" refString="Vannucci, M. (1951) Hydrozoa e Scyphozoa existentes no Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia. I. Boletim do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia, 2, 67 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100003" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific, the species extends into the Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FC5E6610FB92280A" author="Wedler, E." box="[970,1134,1618,1645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref154158" refString="Wedler, E. (2017 b) Hidroides del Mar Caribe con enfasis en la region de Santa Marta, Colombia. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR. Serie de Publicaciones Generales del INVEMAR # 94, Santa Marta, Colombia, 200 pp." type="book" year="2017">Wedler 2017b</bibRefCitation>
) and southwards to
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFEBF167FAC36610FA61280B" box="[1367,1437,1618,1644]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FF0B6634FE7928F6" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. &amp; Miranda, T. P. &amp; Araujo, E. M. &amp; Ayon, P. &amp; Cedeno-Posso, C. M. &amp; Cepeda-Mercado, A. A. &amp; Cordova, P. &amp; Cunha, A. F. &amp; Genzano, G. N. &amp; Haddad, M. A. &amp; Mianzan, H. W. &amp; Migotto, A. E. &amp; Miranda, L. S. &amp; Morandini, A. C. &amp; Nagata, R. M. &amp; Nascimento, K. B. &amp; Nogueira Jr., M. &amp; Palma, S. &amp; Quinones, J. &amp; Rodriguez, C. S. &amp; Scarabino, F. &amp; Schiariti, A. &amp; Stampar, S. N. &amp; Tronolone, V. B. &amp; Marques, A. C." box="[159,389,1654,1681]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref144877" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Miranda, T. P., Araujo, E. M., Ayon, P., Cedeno-Posso, C. M., Cepeda-Mercado, A. A., Cordova, P., Cunha, A. F., Genzano, G. N., Haddad, M. A., Mianzan, H. W., Migotto, A. E., Miranda, L. S., Morandini, A. C., Nagata, R. M., Nascimento, K. B., Nogueira Jr., M., Palma, S., Quinones, J., Rodriguez, C. S., Scarabino, F., Schiariti, A., Stampar, S. N., Tronolone, V. B. &amp; Marques, A. C. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa, 4194 (1), 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Oliveira
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FE926635FEC428F7" box="[262,312,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF167FF5366D8FD1F290F" blockId="39.[151,1437,1084,2041]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FE3966D9FDD828D3" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[429,548,1690,1716]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FE3966D9FDD828D3" box="[429,548,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
partly overlaps that of the related
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FC5466D9FB2028D3" authority="Clarke, 1882" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[960,1244,1690,1716]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FC5466D9FBC428D3" box="[960,1080,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FBD666D8FB2028D3" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[1090,1244,1690,1716]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. As noted in the Remarks section on
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FEEA66FDFE0828BF" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[382,500,1726,1752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FEEA66FDFE0828BF" box="[382,500,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
immediately above, trophosomes of the two are easy to distinguish. In
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FAB466FDFA6928BF" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[1312,1429,1726,1752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FAB466FDFA6928BF" box="[1312,1429,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, hydrothecae are much deeper than those of its supposed congener, and a clearly-defined sinuous crease separates its operculum from the hydrothecal margin. Nevertheless, misidentifications in the influential publications of
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FF036769FEC72923" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[151,315,1834,1861]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="339 - 387" refId="ref132794" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1912 b) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339 - 387." type="journal article" year="1912">Fraser (1912b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FEDD6768FE782923" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[329,388,1834,1860]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">1944</bibRefCitation>
) have lead to confusion over characters of the two species. Details are summarized in remarks on
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FE9C670DFE83290F" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[264,383,1870,1896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FE9C670DFE83290F" box="[264,383,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and need not be repeated here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFEBF168FF536730FEFA2E9C" blockId="39.[151,1437,1084,2041]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1437,153,1367]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Hydroids of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FECD6731FE3329EB" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[345,463,1906,1932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FECD6731FE3329EB" box="[345,463,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FD756731FC0429EA" authority="(Loven, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Loven" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[737,1016,1906,1933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clausa">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FD756731FCB729EB" box="[737,843,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. clausa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FCCF6730FC0C29EA" author="Loven, S." box="[859,1008,1906,1933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="260 - 281" refId="ref140115" refString="Loven, S. (1836) Bidrag till kannedomen af slagtena Campanularia och Syncoryna. Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, for Ar 1835, 260 - 281." type="journal article" year="1836">Lovén, 1836</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the eastern North Atlantic, but differ most obviously in having a hydrocaulus comprised of internodes that are divided into a series of cylindrical segments instead of being annulated to sinuous. Neither Nutting (1901a) nor
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FB8267F9FB5029B3" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1046,1196,1978,2005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="77 - 89" refId="ref133296" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1941) New species of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean, in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 91, 77 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.91 - 3125.77" type="journal article" year="1941">Fraser (1941</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFEBF167FB2D67F8FB0829B3" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1209,1268,1978,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">1944</bibRefCitation>
) mentioned or illustrated the segmented hydrocaulus of this species, much like that of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFEBF167FC4C679DFBB3299F" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[984,1103,2014,2040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFEBF167FC4C679DFBB3299F" box="[984,1103,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, specimens exam- ined during this study from
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FE4660DBFD822ED4" box="[466,638,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="8EDE4FA9FFE4F168FD1860DBFD262ED3" box="[652,730,153,180]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1603,1628]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,706,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,697,1584]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 9. a, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a gonotheca, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4351. Scale equals 0.2 mm. b, Lovenella gracilis: colony with two hydrothecae, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4353. Scale equals 0.3 mm. c, Lovenella gracilis: pedicel and hydrotheca, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4351. Scale equals 0.2 mm. d, Lovenella gracilis: hydrotheca and part of pedicel, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4352. Scale equals 0.2 mm. e, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, York River, Virginia, USA, ROMIZ B1548. Scale equals 0.2 mm. f, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a gonotheca, York River, Virginia, USA, ROMIZ B1548. Scale equals 0.2 mm. g, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, on Donax, New Jersey, USA, ROMIZ B3504. Scale equals 0.2 mm. h, Lovenella sp.: part of colony with a hydrotheca, Bulls Bay, South Carolina, USA, ROMIZ B1546. Scale equals 0.2 mm. i, Lovenella grandis: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4354. Scale equals 0.2 mm. j, Lovenella grandis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA, ROMIZ B1549. Scale equals 0.2 mm. k, Lovenella grandis: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, USA, ROMIZ B3500. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3519069/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 9j</figureCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FD7A60DBFC6F2ED4" box="[750,915,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="8EDE4FA9FFE4F168FC3760DBFC0B2ED3" box="[931,1015,153,180]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1603,1628]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,706,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,697,1584]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 9. a, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a gonotheca, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4351. Scale equals 0.2 mm. b, Lovenella gracilis: colony with two hydrothecae, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4353. Scale equals 0.3 mm. c, Lovenella gracilis: pedicel and hydrotheca, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4351. Scale equals 0.2 mm. d, Lovenella gracilis: hydrotheca and part of pedicel, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4352. Scale equals 0.2 mm. e, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, York River, Virginia, USA, ROMIZ B1548. Scale equals 0.2 mm. f, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a gonotheca, York River, Virginia, USA, ROMIZ B1548. Scale equals 0.2 mm. g, Lovenella gracilis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, on Donax, New Jersey, USA, ROMIZ B3504. Scale equals 0.2 mm. h, Lovenella sp.: part of colony with a hydrotheca, Bulls Bay, South Carolina, USA, ROMIZ B1546. Scale equals 0.2 mm. i, Lovenella grandis: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4354. Scale equals 0.2 mm. j, Lovenella grandis: part of colony with a hydrotheca, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA, ROMIZ B1549. Scale equals 0.2 mm. k, Lovenella grandis: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, USA, ROMIZ B3500. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3519069/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 9k</figureCitation>
), and the Atlantic coast of
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FAB060DBFA862ED4" box="[1316,1402,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
, as well as those from southwest
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FE7F60FFFDC22EB0" box="[491,574,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
reported here, all believed identical with
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FB8860FCFB6E2EB0" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[1052,1170,189,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FB8860FCFB6E2EB0" box="[1052,1170,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, exhibited this unusual character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFE4F168FF536147FC0E2FC8" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,1367]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
The life cycle of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FE196144FDFF2F78" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[397,515,261,287]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FE196144FDFF2F78" box="[397,515,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has yet to be described in detail. Blastostyles of the gonosome produce medusa buds (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FF4F616BFE9B2F24" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[219,359,297,323]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="77 - 89" refId="ref133296" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1941) New species of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean, in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 91, 77 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.91 - 3125.77" type="journal article" year="1941">Fraser 1941</bibRefCitation>
), but the hydroid has not yet been linked to a known medusa. In my report on hydroids from the Atlantic coast of
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FEC8610FFE532F00" box="[348,431,333,359]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FE2A610FFDAD2F00" author="Calder, D. R." box="[446,593,333,359]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013</bibRefCitation>
), I stated in error that
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FCDB610FFC072F00" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[847,1019,333,359]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="325 - 386" refId="ref144547" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30524" type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting (1901)</bibRefCitation>
had described the gonosome, but he observed only the trophosome. The comments I quoted from Nutting were taken from his diagnosis of the genus
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FF0361D7FE542FC8" authority="Hincks, 1868" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,424,405,431]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FF0361D7FEF42FC8" box="[151,264,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lovenella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FE9B61D7FE542FC8" author="Hincks, T." box="[271,424,405,431]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref135968" refString="Hincks, T. (1868 [1869]) A history of the British hydroid zoophytes. John van Voorst, London, 338 pp. [Dating of this two-volume work follows Williams (2018), who presented evidence that it was published in March 1869 and not 1868 as per the title-pages] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1322" type="book" year="1868">Hincks, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[1869] and not from his description of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFE4F168FF5361FBFE402C94" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,1367]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Hydroids of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FECF61F8FE2D2FB4" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[347,465,441,467]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FECF61F8FE2D2FB4" box="[347,465,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from various substrates including shells (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FB0A61FBFAAF2FB4" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[1182,1363,441,467]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce 1961: 60</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FAF461FBFEEC2F90" author="Shier, C. F." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965: 121</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FE8A619FFE212F90" author="Calder, D. R." box="[286,477,477,503]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013: 14</bibRefCitation>
), the tracheophyte
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FD29619FFBD52F90" authority="(Shier 1965: 119)" authorityPageNumber="119" baseAuthorityName="Shier" baseAuthorityPageNumber="119" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[701,1065,476,503]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cymodoceaceae" genus="Syringodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FD29619FFCB32F90" box="[701,847,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Syringodium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FCF5619FFBE32F90" author="Shier, C. F." box="[865,1055,476,503]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965: 119</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, tests of the sand dollar
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FADE619FFE8E2C7C" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quinquiesperforata">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FADE619FFE8E2C7C" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mellita quinquiesperforata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FE106243FDC62C7C" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[388,570,513,539]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce 1961: 60</bibRefCitation>
; this study), and exoskeletons of the horseshoe crab
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FB336243FF332C58" authority="(Shier 1965: 121)" authorityPageNumber="121" baseAuthorityName="Shier" baseAuthorityPageNumber="121" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Merostomata" family="Limulidae" genus="Limulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Xiphosurida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FB336243FAFF2C7C" box="[1191,1283,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Limulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FA806243FF392C58" author="Shier, C. F." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965: 121</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FF496267FE892C27" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[221,373,549,576]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce (1961)</bibRefCitation>
reported that almost every dead test of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FCC66264FBAA2C58" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[850,1110,549,575]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Mellita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quinquiesperforata">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FCC66264FBAA2C58" box="[850,1110,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. quinquiesperforata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by him from the Seahorse Key area of
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FE0D620BFE102C04" box="[409,492,585,611]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
had colonies of the species. Hydroids identified as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FBDF6208FB382C04" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[1099,1220,585,611]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FBDF6208FB382C04" box="[1099,1220,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FB66620BFEB22CE0" author="Defenbaugh, R. E. &amp; Hopkins, S. H." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref130789" refString="Defenbaugh, R. E. &amp; Hopkins, S. H. (1973) The occurrence and distribution of the hydroids of the Galveston Bay, Texas, area. TAMU-SG- 73 - 210. Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas, 202 pp." type="book" year="1973">Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, but believed here to have been
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FD2C622CFCD12CE0" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[696,813,621,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FD2C622CFCD12CE0" box="[696,813,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, were reported from shells of gastropods and bivalves, and from shell fragments. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FDE662D0FD162CCC" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[626,746,657,683]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FDE662D0FD162CCC" box="[626,746,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">L. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found on the
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FB9B62D3FB9E2CCC" box="[1039,1122,657,683]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
Gulf coast during summer (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FF0B62F7FEDA2CA8" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[159,294,693,719]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce 1961</bibRefCitation>
: July, August), autumn (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FDAE62F7FD402CA8" author="Shier, C. F." box="[570,700,692,719]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965</bibRefCitation>
: SeptemberDecember), winter (this study: January), and spring (Shier 1961: April, May).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFE4F168FF5362BFFE6D2D38" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,1367]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FF5362BFFE242D70" bold="true" box="[199,472,764,791]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FE4B62BFFD242D70" box="[479,728,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Gulf coast of
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FDED62BFFD282D70" box="[633,724,765,791]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
Seahorse Key (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FC1E62BFFBC42D70" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[906,1080,764,791]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce 1961: 59</bibRefCitation>
).—Seahorse Key (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FA8662BFFF4A2D5C" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce 1961: 61</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FF776363FE482D5C" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[227,436,801,827]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FF776363FE482D5C" box="[227,436,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lovenella gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FE4A6363FDE02D5C" box="[478,540,801,827]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cape</collectingRegion>
San Blas area (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FD466363FC832D5C" author="Shier, C. F." box="[722,895,800,827]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965: 42</bibRefCitation>
(part), as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FC626363FB3B2D5C" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[1014,1223,801,827]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FC626363FB3B2D5C" box="[1014,1223,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lovenella gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FB656363FAD32D5C" box="[1265,1327,801,827]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cape</collectingRegion>
San Blas area (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FF426307FE792D38" author="Shier, C. F." box="[214,389,836,863]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965: 44</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFE4F168FF53632AFE2F2B30" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,1367]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FF53632AFD822DE4" bold="true" box="[199,638,872,899]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Elsewhere in western North Atlantic.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FD13632BFD382DE4" box="[647,708,873,899]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FD44632BFC902DE4" box="[720,876,873,899]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
, Newport Harbor, off Castle Hill (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FB6E632BFF382DC0" author="Nutting, C. C." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="325 - 386" refId="ref144547" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30524" type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting 1901: 354</bibRefCitation>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FF7B63CEFED02DC0" box="[239,300,908,935]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FEA363CFFE232DC0" box="[311,479,909,935]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
, Woods Hole (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FD1363CFFCA92DC0" author="Hargitt, C. W." box="[647,853,909,935]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="95 - 120" refId="ref135110" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1908) Notes on a few coelenterates of Woods Holl. Biological Bulletin, 14, 95 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1535721" type="journal article" year="1908">Hargitt 1908: 112</bibRefCitation>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FC1563CFFC432DC0" box="[897,959,909,935]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FC5D63CFFB852DC0" box="[969,1145,909,935]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
, Bogue Sound,
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FABA63CFFA812DC0" box="[1326,1405,909,935]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="ft" value="10.0">10 feet</quantity>
(
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FA1A63CFFF532DAC" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FF5363F3FE632DAC" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[199,415,945,971]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="339 - 387" refId="ref132794" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1912 b) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339 - 387." type="journal article" year="1912">Fraser 1912b: 364</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FE5F63F3FD732DAC" baseAuthorityName="Loven" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[459,655,945,971]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clausa">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FE5F63F3FD732DAC" box="[459,655,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lovenella clausa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FD2F63F3FD052DAC" box="[699,761,945,971]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FC9263F3FC522DAC" box="[774,942,945,971]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
, Marthas Vineyard, Kopeecon Point, 6-7.5 ftm (
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FF446397FEC52D88" box="[208,313,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">1114 m</quantity>
) (Sumner
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FE206394FE142D88" box="[436,488,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
. 2013: 571).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FD0D6396FD2B2D88" box="[665,727,980,1007]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FD706397FC7C2D88" box="[740,896,981,1007]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
, Sakonnet River, near mouth, 10.5 ftm (
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FAC36397FA682D88" box="[1367,1428,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FF0B63BBFEA92A74" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[159,341,1017,1043]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="77 - 89" refId="ref133296" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1941) New species of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean, in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 91, 77 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.91 - 3125.77" type="journal article" year="1941">Fraser 1941: 83</bibRefCitation>
).—?
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FE1863BBFE372A74" box="[396,459,1017,1043]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FE4263BBFD8D2A74" box="[470,625,1017,1043]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
, off Newport (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FC8363BBFC212A74" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[791,989,1017,1043]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944: 174</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FB9C63BBFB242A74" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[1032,1240,1017,1043]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FB9C63BBFB242A74" box="[1032,1240,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lovenella gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—?
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FA8463BBFAB32A74" box="[1296,1359,1017,1043]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FACE63BBFF012A50" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
, off Cape Hatteras,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FE7E645EFD852A50" box="[490,633,1052,1079]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="15" seconds="40" value="35.344444">35°2040”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FD13645EFCE62A50" box="[647,794,1052,1079]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-75.31111">75°1840”W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 ftm (
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FC1C645FFC3B2A50" box="[904,967,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="29.0">29 m</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FC74645FFB502A50" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[992,1196,1053,1079]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944: 174</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FB48645FFF4E2A3C" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FB48645FFF4E2A3C" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lovenella gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FF4B6403FEE12A3C" box="[223,285,1089,1115]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FEBC6403FE912A3C" box="[296,365,1089,1115]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Texas</collectingRegion>
, Galveston Bay area (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FDFD6403FC882A3C" author="Defenbaugh, R. E." box="[617,884,1089,1115]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="387 - 388" refId="ref130701" refString="Defenbaugh, R. E. (1972) The occurrence and distribution of hydroids in the Galveston Bay, Texas area. Texas Journal of Science, 24, 387 - 388. [abstract]" type="journal article" year="1972">Defenbaugh 1972: 387</bibRefCitation>
).—?
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FC3F6403FC152A3C" box="[939,1001,1089,1115]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FC606403FBC52A3C" box="[1012,1081,1089,1115]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Texas</collectingRegion>
, off Galveston (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FB656403FE962A18" author="Defenbaugh, R. E. &amp; Hopkins, S. H." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref130789" refString="Defenbaugh, R. E. &amp; Hopkins, S. H. (1973) The occurrence and distribution of the hydroids of the Galveston Bay, Texas, area. TAMU-SG- 73 - 210. Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas, 202 pp." type="book" year="1973">Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins 1973: 94</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FE0C6427FD952A18" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[408,617,1125,1151]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FE0C6427FD952A18" box="[408,617,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lovenella gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FD016427FD2F2A18" box="[661,723,1125,1151]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FD4B6427FCD82A18" box="[735,804,1125,1151]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Texas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FCA66427FC0B2A18" box="[818,1015,1125,1151]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Galveston Island</collectingRegion>
, off West Beach,
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FB526427FAEA2A18" box="[1222,1302,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="ft" value="30.0">30 feet</quantity>
(
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FABC6427FAA42A18" box="[1320,1368,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FAE46427FE082AC4" author="Defenbaugh, R. E. &amp; Hopkins, S. H." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref130789" refString="Defenbaugh, R. E. &amp; Hopkins, S. H. (1973) The occurrence and distribution of the hydroids of the Galveston Bay, Texas, area. TAMU-SG- 73 - 210. Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas, 202 pp." type="book" year="1973">Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins 1973: 95</bibRefCitation>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FDB464CAFDA22AC4" box="[544,606,1160,1187]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FDFD64CBFCE62AC4" box="[617,794,1161,1187]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
, Murrells Inlet (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FC4764CBFAFC2AC4" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Hester, B. S." box="[979,1280,1161,1187]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref128327" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Hester, B. S. (1978) Phylum Cnidaria. In: Zingmark, R. G. (Ed.), An annotated checklist of the biota of the coastal zone of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, pp. 87 - 93." type="book chapter" year="1978">Calder &amp; Hester 1978: 90</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FAB864CBFA612AC4" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1868" box="[1324,1437,1161,1187]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Lovenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FAB864CBFA612AC4" box="[1324,1437,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lovenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FF7664EFFEDE2AA0" box="[226,290,1197,1223]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FEBB64EFFE792AA0" box="[303,389,1197,1223]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
, off St. Lucie Inlet,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FDE264EEFD0D2AA0" box="[630,753,1196,1223]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="08.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="92" value="27.141666">27°08.5N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FD6B64EFFC822AA0" box="[767,894,1197,1223]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="01.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="92" value="-80.026665">80°01.6W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FC1864EFFC342AA0" box="[908,968,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FC4D64EFFB6B2AA0" author="Calder, D. R." box="[985,1175,1197,1223]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013: 14</bibRefCitation>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FB5764EFFAFE2AA0" box="[1219,1282,1197,1223]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FA9B64EFFF392A8C" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
, Murrells Inlet, Main Creek,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FD8B6492FD522A8C" box="[543,686,1232,1259]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="15" seconds="51" value="33.5475">33°3251”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FD286493FCB22A8C" box="[700,846,1233,1259]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-79.02417">79°0127”W</geoCoordinate>
+
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FCE56493FC032A8C" box="[881,1023,1233,1259]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="15" seconds="14" value="33.553886">33°3314”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FB9A6493FB5C2A8C" box="[1038,1184,1233,1259]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-79.022224">79°0120”W</geoCoordinate>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FB256493FA932A8C" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1201,1391,1233,1259]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013: 14</bibRefCitation>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFE4F168FF0364B7FF282B68" box="[151,212,1269,1295]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFE4F168FF7064B7FE702B68" box="[228,396,1269,1295]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
, Nantucket Sound off Marthas Vineyard, east of East Chop Lighthouse,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FA9464B6FA642B68" box="[1280,1432,1268,1295]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="27.425" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="1" value="41.457085">41°27.425N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFE4F168FF03655AFECE2B54" box="[151,306,1304,1331]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="31.591" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="1" value="-70.52652">70°31.591W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FEAB655BFE852B54" box="[319,377,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FE1C655BFDBE2B53" author="Calder, D. R." box="[392,578,1305,1332]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref127887" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013: 14</bibRefCitation>
).—?Caribbean Sea: on
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FCCD655BFC342B54" baseAuthorityName="Kaehler &amp; Hughes" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[857,968,1305,1331]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FCCD655BFC342B54" box="[857,968,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Thalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFE4F168FC43655BFBD22B54" box="[983,1070,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">310 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFE4F168FBA9655BFAE12B54" author="Wedler, E." box="[1085,1309,1305,1331]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref154158" refString="Wedler, E. (2017 b) Hidroides del Mar Caribe con enfasis en la region de Santa Marta, Colombia. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR. Serie de Publicaciones Generales del INVEMAR # 94, Santa Marta, Colombia, 200 pp." type="book" year="2017">Wedler 2017b: 101</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 92A, B, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFE4F168FF4C657FFE3F2B30" authorityName="Vannucci" authorityYear="1951" box="[216,451,1341,1367]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Calycella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gabriellae">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFE4F168FF4C657FFE3F2B30" box="[216,451,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Calycella gabriellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>