371 lines
54 KiB
XML
371 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="5E68518867579DCD16C85B6AD69D58AC" ID-CLB-Dataset="25128" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4689.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a63613b4-e611-42e8-89cd-2d3aae126759" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3519047" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572008146457" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2019" docId="9E4CE23AFFDCF151FF0364CBFA612DAC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4689.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4689 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bougainvillia Lesson 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="62759A42FFCCF140FF946042FFFC2E67" masterDocTitle="On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698761183927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B1646C577D4EECC4724779398E9BD850">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6D93CE6775A17F555F37B8A4EFED5801">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="63F9B6B2B7C9D9060A5091696E42066B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B80D3F9ECAAF90B31A07C4B4B6F131B8">
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<mods:date id="AA51FF6097A7920C766216B5335D7355">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3B28C5C31EC6DEB48C069C5DE0862017">2019-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B0AF539B3D47075974BF0DD41B24200A">4689</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="27362FE83930B4BA80541D516E8BF52F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4689.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9E4CE23AFFDCF151FF0364CBFA612DAC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159843457" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFDCF151FF0364CBFA612DAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E4CE23AFFDCF151FF0364CBFA612DAC" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDCF150FF0364CBFDC62AC4" box="[151,570,1161,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="165A532CFFDCF150FF0364CBFDC62AC4" blockId="16.[151,570,1161,1188]" box="[151,570,1161,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="4D12E440FFDCF150FF0364CBFDC62AC4" bold="true" box="[151,570,1161,1188]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FF0364CBFDC62AC4" bold="true" box="[151,570,1161,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FF7A64CBFDC62AC4" ID-CoL="7NQZN" authority="Lesson, 1830" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[238,570,1161,1188]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FF7A64CBFE6F2AC3" bold="true" box="[238,403,1161,1188]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bougainvillia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FE0E64CBFDC62AC4" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[410,570,1161,1187]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref139321" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Voyage autour du monde, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zoologie. Description des zoophytes echinodermes. Voyage de la Coquille II, II, 20, 155 pp." type="book" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDCF150FF03648FFE142A82" box="[151,488,1229,1253]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="165A532CFFDCF150FF03648FFE142A82" blockId="16.[151,488,1229,1253]" box="[151,488,1229,1253]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="36F57402FFDCF150FF03648FFE142A82" box="[151,488,1229,1253]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FF03648FFE182A82" ID-CoL="7NQZN" authority="Lesson, 1830: 118" authorityName="Lesson" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,484,1229,1253]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FF03648FFEDD2A82" box="[151,289,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bougainvillia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFDCF150FEB3648CFE182A82" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[295,484,1229,1253]" page="118" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1830">
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FEB3648CFE182A82" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[295,484,1229,1253]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref139321" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Voyage autour du monde, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zoologie. Description des zoophytes echinodermes. Voyage de la Coquille II, II, 20, 155 pp." type="book" year="1830">Lesson, 1830: 118</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDCF150FF036549FCAA2B44" box="[151,854,1290,1315]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFDCF150FF036549FCAA2B44" blockId="16.[151,854,1290,1315]" box="[151,854,1290,1315]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FF036549FEDF2B44" bold="true" box="[151,291,1290,1315]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus id="C95EED8EFFDCF150FF036549FF302B44" box="[151,204,1291,1315]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FEBE6548FD3C2B44" ID-CoL="5WQML" authority="Lesson, 1830" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[298,704,1290,1315]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macloviana">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FEBE6548FDCC2B45" box="[298,560,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bougainvillia macloviana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FDA36549FD3C2B44" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[567,704,1291,1315]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref139321" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Voyage autour du monde, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zoologie. Description des zoophytes echinodermes. Voyage de la Coquille II, II, 20, 155 pp." type="book" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFDCF151FF036513FA612DAC" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFDCF150FF036513FAFF28EC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1361,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FF036513FEF72B0C" bold="true" box="[151,267,1361,1387]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FE006513FD2C2B0C" authority="Lesson, 1830" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[404,720,1361,1387]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FE006513FDD02B0C" box="[404,556,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bougainvillia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FDA16513FD2C2B0C" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[565,720,1361,1387]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref139321" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1830) Voyage autour du monde, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zoologie. Description des zoophytes echinodermes. Voyage de la Coquille II, II, 20, 155 pp." type="book" year="1830">Lesson, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with life cycles including both hydroid and medusa stages, is well-represented in the western North Atlantic. The guidebook on hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America by
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FF2865DBFEA92BD4" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[188,341,1433,1459]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944)</bibRefCitation>
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includes five species under the genus, namely
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FCFB65D8FB1B2BD4" authority="L. Agassiz, 1849" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1849" box="[879,1255,1433,1459]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FCFB65D8FBE12BD4" box="[879,1053,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. superciliaris</emphasis>
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L.
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FBD065DBFB1B2BD4" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1092,1255,1433,1459]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="221 - 316" refId="ref122516" refString="Agassiz, L. (1849) Contributions to the natural history of the Acalephae of North America. Part I. - On the naked-eyed medusae of the shores of Massachusetts, in their perfect state of development. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 4, 221 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25058163" type="journal article" year="1849">Agassiz, 1849</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FB6065D8FEA52BB0" authority="(McCrady, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FB6065D8FA602BD4" box="[1268,1436,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. carolinensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FF0B65FFFEAD2BB0" author="McCrady, J." box="[159,337,1468,1495]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref141751" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FEF765FCFD9A2BB0" authority="Clarke, 1882" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[355,614,1469,1495]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FEF765FCFE332BB0" box="[355,463,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. rugosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FE4065FFFD9A2BB0" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[468,614,1469,1495]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FDE465FCFC572BB0" authority="Stechow, 1914" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[624,939,1469,1495]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longicirra">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FDE465FCFD032BB0" box="[624,767,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. longicirra</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FC9065FFFC572BB0" author="Stechow, E." box="[772,939,1469,1495]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="120 - 136" refId="ref150579" refString="Stechow, E. (1914) Zur Kenntnis neuer oder seltener Hydroidpolypen, meist Campanulariden, aus Amerika und Norwegen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 45, 120 - 136." type="journal article" year="1914">Stechow, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FC7665FCFAFA2BB0" authority="Fraser, 1944" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1944" box="[994,1286,1469,1495]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FC7665FCFB892BB0" box="[994,1141,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. inaequalis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FBEE65FFFAFA2BB0" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1146,1286,1469,1495]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In studies on medusae,
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FE9365A3FE632B9C" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[263,415,1504,1531]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref137835" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1959) The hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana-Report, 46, 1 - 283." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp (1959</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FE3D65A3FE1E2B9B" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[425,482,1505,1532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref137862" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
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) reported nine species of
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FC9465A3FC642B9C" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[768,920,1505,1531]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FC9465A3FC642B9C" box="[768,920,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bougainvillia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the same region, including
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FA9D65A0FEC22878" authority="(Forbes, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="britannica">
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||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FA9D65A0FA612B9C" box="[1289,1437,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. britannica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FF0B6647FECA2878" author="Forbes, E." box="[159,310,1541,1567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref132424" refString="Forbes, E. (1841) Contributions to British actinology. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 81 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484109442669" type="journal article" year="1841">Forbes, 1841</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FEDE6644FD432847" authority="(Van Beneden, 1844 b)" baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[330,703,1541,1568]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
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<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FEDE6644FE412878" box="[330,445,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FE5F6647FD4B2847" author="Van Beneden, P. - J." box="[459,695,1541,1568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref152109" refString="Van Beneden, P. - J. (1844 b) Recherches sur l'embryogenie des tubulaires, et l'histoire naturelle des differents genres de cette famille qui habitent la Cote d'Ostende. Nouveaux Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, 17 (6), 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1844">Van Beneden, 1844b</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FD4B6644FC0F2847" authority="Allman, 1863" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1863" box="[735,1011,1541,1568]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FD4B6644FCAC2878" box="[735,848,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. muscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FCC26647FC0F2847" author="Allman, G. J." box="[854,1011,1541,1568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref122845" refString="Allman, G. J. (1863) Notes on the Hydroida. I. On the structure of Corymorpha nutans. II. Diagnoses of new species of Tubularidae obtained, during the autumn of 1862, on the coasts of Shetland and Devonshire. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 11, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936308681369" type="journal article" year="1863">Allman, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FB936644FA852878" authority="L. Agassiz, 1849" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1849" box="[1031,1401,1541,1567]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FB936644FB482878" box="[1031,1204,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FB4C6647FA852878" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1240,1401,1541,1567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="221 - 316" refId="ref122516" refString="Agassiz, L. (1849) Contributions to the natural history of the Acalephae of North America. Part I. - On the naked-eyed medusae of the shores of Massachusetts, in their perfect state of development. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 4, 221 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25058163" type="journal article" year="1849">Agassiz, 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FA106644FDB52824" authority="(Steenstrup, in Lutken, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Steenstrup, in Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="principis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FA106644FF072824" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. principis</emphasis>
|
||
(Steenstrup, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FE3D666BFDBE2824" author="Lutken, C." box="[425,578,1576,1603]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref140143" refString="Lutken, C. (1850) Nogle Bemaerkninger om Medusernes systematiske Inddeling, navnlig med Hensyn til Forbes's History of Brittish naked-eyed medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i KJobenhavn, 1850, 15 - 35." type="journal article" year="1850">Lütken, 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FDC06668FC3E2824" authority="(McCrady, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[596,962,1576,1603]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FDC06668FD062824" box="[596,762,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. carolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FC9C666BFC472824" author="McCrady, J." box="[776,955,1576,1603]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref141751" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FC596668FAD92824" authority="(Haeckel, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[973,1317,1577,1603]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platygaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FC596668FB952824" box="[973,1129,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. platygaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FBE3666BFAE22824" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1143,1310,1577,1603]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref134920" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FAA46668FED72800" authority="Clarke, 1882" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FAA46668FA602824" box="[1328,1436,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FF03660FFED72800" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[151,299,1613,1639]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref129162" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="1882">Clarke, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FEA1660CFDD62800" authority="Mayer, 1894" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1894" box="[309,554,1613,1639]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobe">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FEA1660CFE6E2800" box="[309,402,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. niobe</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FE0D660FFDD62800" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[409,554,1613,1639]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="235 - 242" refId="ref141450" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1894) Cruise of the Steam Yacht " Wild-Duck " in the Bahamas, January to April 1893, in charge of Alexander Agassiz. III. An account of some medusae obtained in the Bahamas. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 25, 235 - 242." type="journal article" year="1894">Mayer, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FDF0660CFC702800" authority="Mayer, 1900 b" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[612,908,1613,1639]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frondosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FDF0660CFD1A2800" box="[612,742,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. frondosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FD78660FFC702800" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[748,908,1613,1639]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref141549" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1900 b) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 37, 13 - 82." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer, 1900b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FC02660FFABC2800" authority="Calder, 1993 a" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1993" box="[918,1344,1613,1639]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aberrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FC02660FFB662800" box="[918,1178,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bougainvillia aberrans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FB35660FFABC2800" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1185,1344,1613,1639]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="997 - 1002" refId="ref127407" refString="Calder, D. R. (1993 a) Bougainvillia aberrans (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), a new species of hydroid and medusa from the upper bathyal zone off Bermuda. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 997 - 1002. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 93 - 132" type="journal article" year="1993">Calder, 1993a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a deepwater species differing from the others in having a reduced medusa stage, is added here to these lists.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFDCF151FF5366D7FA612C58" blockId="16.[151,1437,1361,2035]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,153,971]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Significant knowledge gaps exist about the hydroid and medusa stages of several species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FAF266D4FEFE28B4" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FAF266D4FEFE28B4" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bougainvillia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the western North Atlantic. Both
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FD3466F8FBFD28B4" box="[672,1025,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FD3466F8FCCF28B4" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[672,819,1721,1747]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longicirra">B. longicirra</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FCF866F8FBFD28B4" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1944" box="[876,1025,1721,1747]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inaequalis">B. inaequalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are poorly known and based to date solely on their hydroid stages.The validity of the former has been questioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FB8C669FFB4D2890" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1048,1201,1757,1783]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and that of the latter by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FF286743FE9B297C" author="Deevey, E. S. Jr." box="[188,359,1792,1819]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="334 - 367" refId="ref130618" refString="Deevey, E. S. Jr. (1950) Hydroids from Louisiana and Texas, with remarks on the Pleistocene biogeography of the western Gulf of Mexico. Ecology, 31, 334 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1931490" type="journal article" year="1950">Deevey (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The taxonomic status of each one needs to be explored, although the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FA936740FA61297C" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1944" box="[1287,1437,1793,1819]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FA936740FA61297C" box="[1287,1437,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. inaequalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was upheld by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FED16767FD992958" author="Calder, D. R. & Choong, H. H. C." box="[325,613,1829,1855]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref128260" refString="Calder, D. R. & Choong, H. H. C. (2018) Names of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) established by Charles McLean Fraser (1872 - 1946), excluding those from Allan Hancock Expeditions. Zootaxa, 4487 (1), 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4487.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Calder & Choong (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The medusa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FC976764FC7B2958" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[771,903,1829,1855]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frondosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FC976764FC7B2958" box="[771,903,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. frondosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems well-founded taxonomically, but its hydroid stage is unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FE3F670BFD482903" author="Vannucci, M. & Rees, W. J." box="[427,692,1865,1892]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="57 - 100" refId="ref152427" refString="Vannucci, M. & Rees, W. J. (1961) A revision of the genus Bougainvillia (Anthomedusae). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 11 (2), 57 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241961000100003" type="journal article" year="1961">Vannucci & Rees 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Meanwhile, attempts at linking the two stages of a given species have sometimes resulted in error or uncertainty. In the original account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDCF150FC7A672CFB6029E0" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1849" box="[1006,1180,1901,1927]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDCF150FC7A672CFB6029E0" box="[1006,1180,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FB7D672FFA6B29E0" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1257,1431,1901,1927]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="221 - 316" refId="ref122516" refString="Agassiz, L. (1849) Contributions to the natural history of the Acalephae of North America. Part I. - On the naked-eyed medusae of the shores of Massachusetts, in their perfect state of development. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 4, 221 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25058163" type="journal article" year="1849">Agassiz (1849)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only the medusa stage was described. Later, a hydroid forming a rather large (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFDCF150FBDB67D2FB7529CC" box="[1103,1161,1936,1963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high), erect, irregularly branched, monosiphonic colony was taken to be its polypoid stage (L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FC2767F7FBB329B7" author="Agassiz, L." box="[947,1103,1973,2000]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref122614" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). That concept of the species, adopted in subsequent publications on hydroids of eastern North America (see synonymy list in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDCF150FB7D679BFA882994" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1257,1396,2009,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is amost certainly mistaken, as discussed elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FD7560DBFC0E2ED4" author="Vannucci, M. & Rees, W. J." box="[737,1010,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="57 - 100" refId="ref152427" refString="Vannucci, M. & Rees, W. J. (1961) A revision of the genus Bougainvillia (Anthomedusae). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 11 (2), 57 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241961000100003" type="journal article" year="1961">Vannucci & Rees 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FB9560DBFB4A2ED4" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1025,1206,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="195 - 396" refId="ref149414" refString="Schuchert, P. (2007) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114, 195 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80395" type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FB5260DBFAA42ED4" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1222,1368,153,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref127987" refString="Calder, D. R. (2017) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region. Zootaxa, 4256 (1), 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4256.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Calder 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Life cycle studies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FECE60FFFDFC2EBF" author="Werner, B." box="[346,512,189,216]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="206 - 237" refId="ref154748" refString="Werner, B. (1961) Morphologie und Lebensgeschichte, sowie Temperaturabhangigkeit der Verbreitung und des jahreszeitlichen Auftretens von Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz) (Athecatae-Anthomedusae). Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 7, 206 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01880277" type="journal article" year="1961">Werner (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others indicate that the hydroid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FC4660FCFB7D2EB0" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1849" box="[978,1153,189,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FC4660FCFB7D2EB0" box="[978,1153,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is stolonal. The identity of the erect and branched colony described by Agassiz is thus uncertain. In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FBEE60A0FF1E2F78" authority=", McCrady (1859)" authorityName=", McCrady" authorityYear="1859" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FBEE60A0FADF2E9C" box="[1146,1315,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. carolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FAA660A3FF1E2F78" author="McCrady, J." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref141751" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided a satisfactory account of the medusa, but the hydroid somewhat tenuously linked to it by him was described simply as having about 12 tentacles and measuring “…about an inch (
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFDDF151FBF1616AFB4A2F24" box="[1125,1206,296,323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
) or slightly more in height.” That description has been insufficient to distinguish the species. Detailed descriptions of a hydroid thought to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FF4D6130FE7D2FEC" authorityName=", McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[217,385,369,395]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FF4D6130FE7D2FEC" box="[217,385,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. carolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FE3A6133FDA62FEC" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[430,602,369,395]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref141633" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910 a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FDF36133FCFE2FEC" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[615,770,369,395]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and others, following an account by A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FB476133FA8B2FEC" author="Agassiz, A." box="[1235,1399,368,395]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref122477" refString="Agassiz, A. (1865) Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College. No. II. North American Acalephae. Sever & Francis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 234 pp." type="book" year="1865">Agassiz (1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FF0361D7FE762FC8" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,394,405,431]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Margelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FF0361D7FE762FC8" box="[151,394,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Margelis carolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),may well have been based on a different species. The very large hydroid (up to
|
||
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFDDF151FA8161D7FAA62FC8" box="[1301,1370,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) described by Agassiz was found growing in abundance on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FCA061F8FBFD2FB4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[820,1025,441,467]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Fucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="species" species="vesiculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FCA061F8FBFD2FB4" box="[820,1025,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fucus vesiculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a boreal algal species that does not occur in warm-temperate Charleston Harbor,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFDDF151FD07619FFCC32F90" box="[659,831,477,503]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where McCrady’s medusa was found. The identity of McCrady’s hydroid thus remains uncertain, as does the one of A. Agassiz. The life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FB0B6240FABA2C7C" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[1183,1350,513,539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Margelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FB0B6240FABA2C7C" box="[1183,1350,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. carolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has yet to be carefully followed in the laboratory, and genetic studies on hydroids and medusae of the species are lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFDDF151FF53620BFCA12D38" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Of the species listed above, reliable characterizations of both hydroid and medusa stages have been described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FF54622CFED32CE0" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[192,303,622,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FF54622CFED32CE0" box="[192,303,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Clarke 1881;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FE4F622FFD952CE0" author="Calder, D. R." box="[475,617,621,647]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref126907" refString="Calder, D. R. (1971) Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special papers in Marine Science, 1, 125 pp." type="book" year="1971">Calder 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FDEB622CFD0D2CE0" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1863" box="[639,753,622,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FDEB622CFD0D2CE0" box="[639,753,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. muscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FC96622FFC652CE0" author="Russell, F. S." box="[770,921,620,647]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref148816" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 530 pp." type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FC51622CFBC62CE0" baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[965,1082,622,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FC51622CFBC62CE0" box="[965,1082,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FBDE622FFB242CE0" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1098,1240,621,647]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FB70622FFADC2CE0" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1252,1312,621,647]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref127840" refString="Calder, D. R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590 (1), 1 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2590.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FAB8622FFF2F2CCC" author="Schuchert, P." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="195 - 396" refId="ref149414" refString="Schuchert, P. (2007) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114, 195 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80395" type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FE8C62D0FDAE2CCC" authority="(Calder 1993 a)" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[280,594,657,683]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aberrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FE8C62D0FE612CCC" box="[280,413,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. aberrans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FE3962D3FDB62CCC" author="Calder, D. R." box="[429,586,657,683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="997 - 1002" refId="ref127407" refString="Calder, D. R. (1993 a) Bougainvillia aberrans (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), a new species of hydroid and medusa from the upper bathyal zone off Bermuda. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 997 - 1002. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 93 - 132" type="journal article" year="1993">Calder 1993a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which have erect colonies. Complete life cycles are also known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FF0362F7FE502CA8" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[151,428,693,719]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="britannica">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FF0362F7FE502CA8" box="[151,428,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bougainvillia britannica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with mostly stolonal colonies having unusually long pedicels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FBE062F7FAE52CA8" author="Edwards, C." box="[1140,1305,693,719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref131031" refString="Edwards, C. (1964) The hydroid of the anthomedusa Bougainvillia britannica. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 44, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400024619" type="journal article" year="1964">Edwards 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FAB062F7FA9C2CB7" author="Edwards, C." box="[1316,1376,693,720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="129 - 152" refId="ref131074" refString="Edwards, C. (1966) The hydroid and the medusa Bougainvillia principis, and a review of the British species of Bougainvillia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 46, 129 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400017604" type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FF036298FEE52C94" baseAuthorityName="Steenstrup, in Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[151,281,730,755]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="principis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FF036298FEE52C94" box="[151,281,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. principis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with stolonal colonies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FDB2629BFD372C93" author="Edwards, C." box="[550,715,729,756]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="129 - 152" refId="ref131074" refString="Edwards, C. (1966) The hydroid and the medusa Bougainvillia principis, and a review of the British species of Bougainvillia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 46, 129 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400017604" type="journal article" year="1966">Edwards 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hydroids of those two species have yet to be identified from the east coast of North America. As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FDB062BCFD3D2D70" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[548,705,765,791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platygaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FDB062BCFD3D2D70" box="[548,705,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. platygaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, polyp and medusa buds arise from the manubrium of the medusa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FF0B6363FECE2D5C" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[159,306,800,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref137797" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1957) Hydromedusae from the Discovery collections. Discovery Reports, 19, 1 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12484" type="journal article" year="1957">Kramp 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FEAB6362FE862D5C" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[319,378,800,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 283" refId="ref137835" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1959) The hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana-Report, 46, 1 - 283." type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FE136363FDC02D5C" author="Schuchert, P." box="[391,572,801,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="195 - 396" refId="ref149414" refString="Schuchert, P. (2007) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114, 195 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80395" type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No polypoid stage is known in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FC2C6360FAC62D5B" authority="(Vannucci & Rees 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Vannucci & Rees" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[952,1338,801,828]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobe">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FC2C6360FBEB2D5C" box="[952,1047,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. niobe</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FBB36363FACE2D5B" author="Vannucci, M. & Rees, W. J." box="[1063,1330,801,828]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="57 - 100" refId="ref152427" refString="Vannucci, M. & Rees, W. J. (1961) A revision of the genus Bougainvillia (Anthomedusae). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 11 (2), 57 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241961000100003" type="journal article" year="1961">Vannucci & Rees 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another species in which medusa buds are produced on the manubrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="165A532CFFDDF151FF53632BFA612DAC" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Given the unsatisfactory state of knowledge of hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FCD8632BFC182DE4" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[844,996,873,899]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FCD8632BFC182DE4" box="[844,996,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bougainvillia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the western North Atlantic, a description is provided below of a species assigned here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FD4763CCFCC32DC0" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[723,831,910,935]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FD4763CCFCC32DC0" box="[723,831,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Meanwhile, genetic evidence does not support monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FF6F63F3FE6F2DAC" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1830" box="[251,403,945,971]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FF6F63F3FE6F2DAC" box="[251,403,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bougainvillia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nor of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFDDF151FDF763F3FCE22DAC" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1850" box="[611,798,945,971]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Bougainvilliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as currently constituted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFDDF151FBA263F3FA6D2DAC" author="Mendoza-Becerril, M. A. & Jaimes-Becerra, A. J. & Collins, A. G. & Marques, A. C." box="[1078,1425,945,971]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref142017" refString="Mendoza-Becerril, M. A., Jaimes-Becerra, A. J., Collins, A. G. & Marques, A. C. (2018 a) Phylogeny and morphological evolution of the so-called bougainvilliids (Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina). Zoologica Scripta, 2018, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12291" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Mendoza-Becerril
|
||
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFDDF151FA9E63F0FAC62DAC" box="[1290,1338,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |