333 lines
41 KiB
XML
333 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6202b897-11c1-4686-99d8-94b8174ac809" ID-PMC="PMC3088314" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-55-1" ID-PubMed="21594167" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-55-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 55" ModsDocTitle="Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America" checkinTime="1451251020634" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gary A. P., Gibson" docDate="2010" docId="56C00E7801B124A2030F30FE83D38500" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 55: 1-75" docOrigin="ZooKeys 55" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490" docTitle="Calosota acron" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF9456530D10AC187F08FFB0FC42FFD0" masterDocTitle="Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) - review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1668162435130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) - review of the New World and European fauna including revision of species from the West Indies and Central and North America</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Gary A. P., Gibson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>55</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>75</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-55-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56C00E7801B124A2030F30FE83D38500" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/56C00E7801B124A2030F30FE83D38500" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Walker" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron (Walker)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 112284252586774
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eupelmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupelmus (Acron)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acron">Eupelmus Acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="99 - 237" title="List of the specimens of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Chalcidites. Additional species." year="1848">Walker 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 129, 219. Type data: England. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH, type no. 5.1619; not examined), designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham 1969: 91</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Trigonoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigonoderus contractus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractus">Trigonoderus contractus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="71 - 88" title="Notes on Chalcididae. Part V. Encyrtidae, Myinidae, Eupelmidae, Cleonymidae, Spalangidae, Pirenidae." year="1872">Walker 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 85-86. Type data: England. Holotype ♀ (BMNH, type no. 5.3328; not examined), by monotypy. Synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham 1969: 91</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota anguinalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anguinalis">Calosota anguinalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ruschka, F" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="234 - 315" title="Chalcididenstudien. I. Teil." volume="70" year="1921">Ruschka 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 251. Type data: Austria,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thüringen">Thueringen</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Syntypes, ♀ (NHMW; not examined). Synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="231 - 260" title="Contributions of the Czechoslovak fauna of Chalcidoidea (Hym.)." volume="12" year="1968">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
1968
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 236.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="231 - 260" title="Contributions of the Czechoslovak fauna of Chalcidoidea (Hym.)." volume="12" year="1968">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
1968
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 236.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Calosota pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27-29. Holotype ♀ (USNM, type no. 72481; examined), by original designation. syn. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
FEMALE (Figs 28, 42). Length about 2.8-4.7 mm. Color. Head (Fig. 1) with variably large green spot below anterior ocellus and variably extensively and conspicuously green along inner orbit except parascrobal region always with dark band at about dorsal limit of interantennal region, usually partly green within scrobal depression and on interantennal region under different angles of light, and at least obscurely green (sometimes greenish with coppery luster under some angles of light) on lower face, but otherwise dark from level of posterior margin of eyes to about dorsal level of interantennal region, and parascrobal region usually dark along scrobal depression; posterior surface of head dark to sometimes greenish-blue under different angles of light except more distinctly bluish-purple in variably complete ∩-shaped band along outer orbit and occiput. Maxillary and labial palpi dark. Antenna dark except scape variably extensively yellow basally (usually with about basal quarter to third yellow), and dark part of scape and pedicel sometimes with green luster under some angles of light. Tegula yellow. Mesoscutum (Fig. 28) variably extensively greenish-blue to bluish-purple laterally, but parapsidal line, anteroadmedian line or region between anteroadmedian line and notaulus, and dorsomedially anterior to base of scutellum coppery or greenish with coppery luster; scutellar-axillar complex mostly similar in color to mesoscutum medially except frenal area bluish-purple. Acropleuron (Fig. 52) variably bluish-green except microsculptured region or diffuse region extending obliquely from microsculptured region toward tegula coppery. Legs (Fig. 42) with
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">femur</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and tibia of front leg variably extensively dark, but trochanter and trochantellus at least distinctly lighter in color and knee, apex of tibia, and tarsus yellow; middle leg often entirely yellow beyond coxa but sometimes with similar color pattern as front leg except femur and tibia much lighter brownish-yellow; hind leg usually yellow beyond coxa though sometimes up to about basal two-thirds of femur brownish or dark with very slight metallic luster. Fore wing hyaline; setae uniformly brown. Gaster (Fig. 42) mostly brown dorsally but syntergum and gaster laterally more bluish-green, similar to mesosoma laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Structure/setation. Head in dorsal view about 1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2×">-2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long, with IOD about 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.47×">-0.47x</normalizedToken>
|
||
head width, OOL slightly more than half, LOL subequal to, and POL almost twice MPOD; in frontal view about 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.2×">-1.2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as high, with ventral margin to about middle of torulus at level of lower orbits; malar space about 0.55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.7×">-0.7x</normalizedToken>
|
||
height of eye. Head (Figs 1, 67) with frontovertex finely meshlike coriaceous, the sculpture at least obscurely extended ventromedially within scrobal depression between smooth and shiny scrobes; parascrobal region finely coriaceous dorsally to somewhat more vertically coriaceous-alutaceous ventrally; clypeal region microcoriaceous, but interantennal region and paraclypeal region coriaceous-reticulate except smoother narrowly along lower inner orbit. Head with white setae except for bare scrobal depression. Antenna (Fig. 28) with scape about 3.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.2×">-4.2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; pedicel about 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.3×">-2.3x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; flagellum clavate with length of flagellum + pedicle about 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
head width; combined length of fu1 + fu2 slightly greater than (larger specimens) to slightly less than (smaller specimens) length of pedicel; fu1 obviously longer than wide except in small specimens, but less than 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; subsequent funiculars oblong basally to only slightly longer than wide or subquadrate apically with fu2 about 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2×">-2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
and fu8 at most about 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; clava often slightly collapsed (compressed), but about as long as apical three funiculars. Mesoscutum (Figs 12, 28, 74) meshlike-reticulate with somewhat larger flat-bottomed reticulations medially, and with comparatively inconspicuous white setae; usually with quite deep and distinct notauli on inclined anterior surface and with quite distinct parapsidal lines, but with only obscure anteroadmedian lines on anterior inclined surface indicated by longitudinal region of slightly different color or sculpture. Axillae (Figs 28, 74) large, almost equilateral-triangular in smaller specimens, and separated by only about 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.5×">-1.5x</normalizedToken>
|
||
own width. Scutellum low convex, about 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.4×">-1.4x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; similarly reticulate as mesoscutum laterally (Fig. 74); with inconspicuous white setae. Mesopleuron (Fig. 52) with exposed, setose lower mesepimeron; acropleuron variably extensively reticulate anteriorly, becoming more coriaceous to obliquely coriaceous-alutaceous anterior to oblique microsculptured region and very finely, longitudinally to slightly obliquely alutaceous-aciculate posteriorly. Fore wing (Fig. 58) with cc: mv: stv: pmv about 30-35: 21-25: 10: 17-20; basal cell entirely setose; cubital area usually quite extensively setose behind mediocubital fold and/or apically, and closed by setae along posterior margin over about apical half; disc basally with oblique bare band separated from basal fold, parastigma and base of marginal vein, and with short region of mediocubital fold bare just beyond basal fold. Metacoxa
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">setose</pageBreakToken>
|
||
along dorsal and ventral margins and outer surface usually extensively though less densely setose basally. Propodeum with callus setose to posterior margin; bare anteriorly between spiracle and foramen. Gaster (Figs 28, 42) about 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2×">-2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as mesosoma; more or less uniformly covered with inconspicuous white, hairlike setae; penultimate tergum with posterior margin extending to or slightly beyond level of cerci; syntergum about 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.8×">-1.8x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as transcercal width, uniformly convex, and about 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.9×">-0.9x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as penultimate tergum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
MALE (based on single regional specimen). Similar to female except as follows. Antenna with scape more robust, only about 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; fu1 + fu2 about 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of pedicel, fu1 about 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, fu8 about 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, and clava only slightly longer than combined length of apical two funiculars. Fore wing with cc: mv: stv: pmv = 34: 27: 10: 18.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burks, BD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="26 - 31" title="North American species of Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)." volume="63" year="1973">Burks (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Calosota pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reared from downed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(coast Douglas-fir) along with seven other insect species and suggested that it probably was reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudohylesinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudohylesinus nebulosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosus">Pseudohylesinus nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LeConte) (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scolytinae">Scolytinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deyrup, MA" journalOrPublisher="Coniferous Forest Biome, Bulletin" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" title="The insect community of dead and dying Douglas-fir: I. The Hymenoptera." volume="6" year="1975">Deyrup (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later determined that it was a hyperparasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudohylesinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudohylesinus nebulosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosus">Pseudohylesinus nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
through
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius sequoiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sequoiae">Spathius sequoiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ashmead (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), one of the species originally reared with the type material. Two other females were also reared in North America through
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius sequoiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sequoiae">Spathius sequoiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the alder bark beetle,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Alniphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alniphagus aspericollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspericollis">Alniphagus aspericollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LeConte) (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scolytinae">Scolytinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, other regional tree associates are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus ruba" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruba">Alnus ruba</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red alder),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga heterophylla" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">Tsuga heterophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(western hemlock), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Thuja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thuja" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thuja</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR (Chalcidoidea)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Universal Chalcidoidea database." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/chalcidoids" year="2003">Noyes (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not list any associates for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported rearing females in Oxford, England, from "old trellis-work infested with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anobiidae" genus="Anobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anobium striatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatum">Anobium striatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Olivier)" (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Anobiidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Anobiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (2♀ BMNH) and based on label data another observed female from Oxford (BMNH) was reared as a hyperparasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Tetropium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetropium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetropium</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Cerambycidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) through
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xylonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylonomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylonomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xorides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Latreille] (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ichneumonidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fusu, L" journalOrPublisher="North-Western Journal of Zoology" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="307 - 320" title="Romanian Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea): new cytogenetic, faunistic and host records." volume="5" year="2009">Fusu (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reared
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
from dry branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carpinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(hornbeam) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(beech) together with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anobiidae" genus="Xestobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestobium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xestobium</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anobiidae" genus="Xestobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestobium plumbeum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbeum">Xestobium plumbeum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Illiger) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anobiidae" genus="Anobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anobium fulvicorne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicorne">Anobium fulvicorne</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sturm (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Anobiidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="family">Anobiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), respectively. The host records indicate
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
is at least a facultative hyperparasitoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="regional material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Regional material examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
(Map 1). CANADA. British Columbia: BC Hydro Site, 49°09.3374'N; 122°52.2023'W, 22.VII.08, from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Thuja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thuja" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thuja</taxonomicName>
|
||
, N. Furness (1♀ CNC). Stanley Park, 3c Pipeline Drive, 49°18.46314'N; 123°08.52413'W, 26.VI.08, 6.VII.08, from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga heterophylla" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">Tsuga heterophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
, N. Furness (7♀ CNC, CNC Photo 2009-13, 2009-14, 2009-15, CNC SEM 2009-33, 2009-34). Surrey, Dogwood RV Site, 49°12.5989'N; 122°48.3367'W, 6.VI.08, from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thuja plicata" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plicata">Thuja plicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, N. Furness (1♀ CNC). USA. Oregon: Benton Co.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Peak (nr Corvallis), 15.VIII.84, M.E. Schauff & E.E. Grissell, roadside meadow (1♀ USNM). Washington: King Co., Cedar Falls, 12.III.75, M.A. Deyrup, from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius sequoiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sequoiae">Spathius sequoiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Alniphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alniphagus aspericollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspericollis">Alniphagus aspericollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus ruba" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruba">Alnus ruba</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2♀ CNC, CNC Photo 2009-50). Thurston Co., Maytown, Jct. Rt. 121 & US 5, 24.II.72, M.A. Deyrup, reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Pseudotsugae" lsidName="Pseudotsugae menziesii" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsugae menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
in insectary, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 (CNC Photo 2009-48) Apr. (♀ holotype, ♂ allotype and 4♀ paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Calosota pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">Map</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1. Regional distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota albipalpus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpus">Calosota albipalpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota bicolorata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolorata">Calosota bicolorata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR (Chalcidoidea)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" title="Universal Chalcidoidea database." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/chalcidoids" year="2003">Noyes (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
from several countries in Western Europe; I saw females from Croatia (CNC), England (BMNH), France (CNC Photo 2009-33, USNM) and Sweden (BMNH). The species has only been rarely collected in North America in the lower Fraser Valley in British Columbia and Washington and Oregon (Map 1). This restricted distribution and its host biology strongly indicates
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a naturally occurring Holarctic species but likely was introduced accidentally in wood products relatively recently through the port of Vancouver (Canada) or perhaps Seattle (USA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Although I did not examine the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
, my concept of this name and new synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Calosota pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on the keys of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and comparison of North American specimens with
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">authoritatively</pageBreakToken>
|
||
identified specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Europe in the BMNH. Some females seen from Europe are up to about 7.5 mm, their much larger size suggesting the possibility of different, larger hosts. The larger females have all the legs entirely yellow beyond the coxae, can have up to about the basal half of the scape yellow, typically have a more distinct coppery region on the mesoscutum extending posteriorly from each parapsidal line (Fig. 12), and the syntergum is somewhat more elongate-slender, up to about twice as long as the transcercal width, as indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWR de V" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="89 - 94" title="Some Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) new to Britain, with notes on new synonymy in this family." volume="38" year="1969">Graham (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The larger females also have much more obvious anteroadmedian lines (Fig. 12), which appears to be at least partly correlated with specimen size in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calosota</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, I hereby synonymize the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Calosota pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
syn. n. because North American and European specimens do not differ substantially in morphology.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota ariasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariasi">Calosota ariasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bolivar y Pieltain, C" journalOrPublisher="EOS" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 142" title="Estudio monografico de las especies espanolas del genero Calosota Curtis (Hym. Chalc.)." volume="5" year="1929">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
|
||
y Pieltain (1929)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
might be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this European name more likely is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
if not a valid species (see under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota aestivalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Calosota aestivalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognized primarily by the presence of an oblique fore wing linea calva (Fig. 58).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota albipalpus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpus">Calosota albipalpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sometimes also has a variably developed oblique bare band, though typically there is then also a narrow bare region along the basal fold. Regardless,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota acron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acron">Calosota acron</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Calosota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calosota albipalpus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpus">Calosota albipalpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by several features, including dark palpi and an exposed and at least sparsely setose lower mesepimeron (Fig. 52).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Askew, RR" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 100" title="Calosotinae and Neanastatinae in the Iberian peninsula and Canary Islands, with descriptions of new species and a supplementary note on Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)." volume="62" year="2006">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (2006, fig. 14)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the outer surface of the metacoxa is mostly setose, but this is variable and smaller specimens typically have the outer surface more extensively bare mediolongitudinally (Fig. 52).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |