287 lines
44 KiB
XML
287 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="BBB7F0770D74E074E5843A160F687B80" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e46e0398-2e65-408d-9923-751c4bfb20fd" ModsDocID="z01373p053" checkinTime="1247128000561" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Jayna A. Schaaf-da Silva & David A. Ebert" docDate="2006" docId="344C86581FC1697BEC11A8434C953C2F" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Silva_Ebert_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1373" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D574008E-BEE5-41BF-B9B9-2B1D88C7A7D1" docTitle="Etmopterus burgessi Silva & Ebert, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="3BF9D2F4B46DB26FF9193C9932074146" masterDocTitle="Etmopterus burgessi sp. nov., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan." masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1701314525094" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="66333982AFE32FD18BE2A4502C461FA3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CE3389ED02B007EE8C38F4640909527E">
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<mods:title id="24C42923CA6DA3CB6AD1AF4DCE20C304">Etmopterus burgessi sp. nov., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C721ECCE9274F7DCD907847EA47F4957" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2F07C5052173BBE5D4823D4889DDE908">
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<mods:roleTerm id="50B1B762787948E42C896945FFD1D354">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CD658A1309DB5C2D1183CF8395393211">Jayna A. Schaaf-da Silva</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8DDDB7317B691A0702F63743138D214A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4ECC9DEBB87E6BDB631A4FEA5A93C3B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A3146260EA585CFD6A4A0C1397738319">David A. Ebert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="60B60589604D00181CF9274A59534265">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E24DF89975B17A7D514C9D36A56C36BA">
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<mods:title id="D47B40A8F47B061B1E64A5DE195AB9C2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C5AC73CC5FD9C007FAB02EE14EA7B57B">
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<mods:date id="D65C89E3B8A640541E1B1F383CB87200">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E8CA95AB6080D17A71A305EDCA63153D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9B7B7789E391767A395D80983DA33DE9">1373</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="6D6B71883F419E41244529EBC2575E5E" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="76505B25C28D0EE72182ED7FEEE0318D">53</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="399FBA9FBB178CA0FAD6595767C6F195">64</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="7F5B38E5C021A1791C6168AC05CDACA1">
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<mods:url id="C9BBBC6B92FAB43D22004F022C0C3217">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D574008E-BEE5-41BF-B9B9-2B1D88C7A7D1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="F344F6643AA24E1EBAD6FDA44DFC9752">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BCDE553636A407F733E078F0FF91404F" type="Plazi-Custom">z01373p053</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="344C86581FC1697BEC11A8434C953C2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6253418" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6253418" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:344C86581FC1697BEC11A8434C953C2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/344C86581FC1697BEC11A8434C953C2F" lastPageNumber="61" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="2B0D72BE46AD47220D23F061C9554BCE" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CDB3EDA287FAF3F427F67AF48CBFC90A" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="C249FDEF5DFA8DCD42E4E8C6AF32F464" ID-CoL="3BM76" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">Etmopterus burgessi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3AB607A99483C7D32978F3E2698A03A3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C2DA4B4DF3600F68D8F4662EE2DD47A" pageNumber="54">Broad-snout Lanternshark</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5E3E77DBBD9934EFF097CFF2E884C628" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F28E131EEE2770C9A5FCD32503D08321" pageNumber="54">(Fig. 1, Table 1)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C62F4A40F135B3E67FB223821A69C3B6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6D9F8AA05CC26692F5E64D60EE6052CC" lastPageNumber="55" pageNumber="54">
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<materialsCitation id="2E7F85BC72FC761FC84FB876B969FBA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923908366" country="Taiwan">
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<typeStatus id="C025F57C3A4951BC6D74CC4DFBD2CC05">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="317C44237E9E13978C05DC43081B74E8" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CAS</collectionCode>
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223476, 355 mm TL, adult male, Ta-Chi,
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<collectingCountry id="6026BF28874D2BF5081B743160EAA570">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F56E440D3249D84A40ED341764B94EF7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="24.883333">24° 53' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BC3CF5473D263419CCF66385EE2BBA9B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="122.01667">122° 01' E</geoCoordinate>
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, collected by David A. Ebert,
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<date id="97AD3A6B14FE8556C73E74CEF3C446C0" day="11" month="05" value="1988-05-11" year="1988">11 May 1988</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C69114D022DCF10DAD0A07B8C83DD87" pageNumber="55">
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<materialsCitation id="8B49649EAE42AD523EC3F0F2C806D59C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923908368" country="Taiwan">
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<typeStatus id="85E6904A2563E72C990B855FDAF235CB">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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. 3 specimens, all collected at Ta-Chi,
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<collectingCountry id="E0249D1629683CBBF8DA2C611DEF0DDE">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BF9A552371645B0BFA06A96A6B1113F3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="24.883333">24° 53' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CF9A1C8FBDD3AF515376D20F90C69A53" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="122.01667">122° 01' E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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<collectionCode id="00A2C23326D8F56D30405CCEE2EABA0F" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CAS</collectionCode>
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223477 (Fig. 2), adult female, 406 mm TL,
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<date id="3F6F4AB2B85EA0E850EF2E9E7237A4A7" day="22" month="05" value="2005-05-22" year="2005">22 May 2005</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="54B1CEC49D22C97A45EB60364B21E5AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923908372" country="Taiwan">
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<collectionCode id="5E65C5C4599D8418540374285D179D71" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CAS</collectionCode>
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223478, juvenile female, 241 mm TL,
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<date id="93D45588D7D2D17BD41F76AFEB1AFDB9" day="23" month="05" value="2005-05-23" year="2005">23 May 2005</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="4537807745038B371F140050A6CE9169" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923908370" country="Taiwan">
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<collectionCode id="47F74AE60248F84C56995437D6D8183F" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CAS</collectionCode>
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223479, juvenile female, 239 mm TL,
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<date id="40A030BA2906F2429C69135629B3FF92" day="21" month="05" value="2005-05-21" year="2005">21 May 2005</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C96E186626CA2E32EBAE5656BAC55707" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="60CC54B8505B6C70CFDD4D5E130EF923" pageNumber="55">
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Diagnosis. A relatively large species of
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<taxonomicName id="446B5CA36674808A571C11CEAB682B26" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:82206F20-179E-4058-83D9-ABD1190748A8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus Rafinesque 1810:14" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Etmopterus</taxonomicName>
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with the following combination of characters: snout broad, 8.0 (7.1-8.3)% TL; mouth broad and strongly arched; upper teeth in 2-3 series, each tooth with a median lanceolate cusp, flanked by three smaller lateral cusplets on each side; denticles short and robust, arranged in regular longitudinal rows over most of body; denticles conspicuous on ventral snout surface, and surface of second dorsal fin; second dorsal fin height short, 40.7 (34.6-36.2)% fin length; posterior branch of flank marking short, base of flank marking wide; caudal peduncle short, 11.4 (11.1-12.7)% TL; color in life charcoal grey above, darker grey to black below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7C35D14429BAF8A507EE2D5C6C99D796" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B6E562E2420B4EF44F24F6A67817F9F8" pageNumber="55">Description. Body fusiform, relatively stout; head long 22.1 (21.1-22.2)% TL, not depressed, height 0.93 (0.65-0.77) times width. Pre-orbital snout long, rounded in lateral view, width broad, 8.0 (7.1-8.3)% TL, horizontal length 2.10 (2.10-2.20) in length of eye. Eye large, oval-shaped, length 5.22 (4.57-5.03) in head, 1.65 (1.73-2.09) times height. Spiracle large, semicircular, greatest diameter 3.06 (3.62-4.11) in eye length. Nasals very large, oblique; nostril width about equal to internarial distance; nasal flaps poorly developed, anterior flap triangular. Gill openings very large, slightly oblique, subequal in size, becoming progressively smaller posteriorly, height of first gill slit 2.1 (1.6-1.9)% TL. Mouth broad, strongly arched, width 1.18 (1.22-1.45) in preoral length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C87099B6489F2DFE18459653E686D9E" lastPageNumber="56" pageNumber="55">Teeth dissimilar in upper and lower jaws; upper teeth multicuspid in 2-3 series, each with a long median cusp flanked by lateral cusplets more than one half the length of median cusp; teeth in lower jaw in single series, unicuspid, interlocking, oblique, bladelike. Teeth in first row of upper jaw 26 (24-26), first row of lower jaw 40 (32-36). Vertebral count: 65.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B3900B5D528B2FB220A2506526E44678" pageNumber="56">Dermal denticles small, low, unicuspid with erect thorn-like conical crowns, recurved posteriorly; arranged in regular longitudinal rows on trunk, back, caudal fin, and second dorsal fin. Dermal denticles irregular on abdomen, flank markings above pelvic fins, and caudal markings.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A9A7A81BB26E59CE93CC0A3CE9D73CE2" pageNumber="56">Pelvic flank marking poorly defined, consisting of both an anterior and posterior branch; anterior branch long, slender, 8.1 (7.1-9.8)% TL, extending just forward of pelvicfin origin; posterior branch truncated distally, slightly shorter than anterior branch, 7.3 (8.4-9.2)% TL, terminating well past the second dorsal-fin insertion and in line with edge of free rear tip; base of flank marking wide. Caudal marking base broad, forming a saddle anteriorly, covering the entire ventral surface of posterior caudal peduncle; at about the lower caudal-lobe origin, marking extends dorsally to a level almost half of caudal peduncle height, tapering to a point forming the central caudal marking. Central caudal marking narrowly ovoid, slightly longer than eye length, 5.7 (4.7-6.4)% TL. Viewed laterally, central caudal marking is well apart from the flank marking, separated by at least one central caudal marking length. Upper caudal marking narrow, about equal to length of central caudal marking, 5.9 (6.4-7.4)% TL.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1104854B034CEB60C625F1CCFE0BF581" pageNumber="56">Distal margins of fins largely covered with skin, not fringed with naked ceratotrichia. Each dorsal fin with a grooved spine just anterior to the fin origin. First dorsal fin spine small, less than half the length of second dorsal spine. First dorsal fin low, slightly rounded, length 7.4 (6.5-7.0)% TL; fin-spine origin well behind pectoral-fin rear tip; insertion of base well forward of pelvic-fin origin; much smaller than second dorsal fin. Length of first dorsal fin 1.65 (1.38-1.48) in second dorsal fin; height of first dorsal fin 1.62 (1.75-2.13) in second dorsal fin. Second dorsal fin relatively small, upright, concave posterior margin, free rear tip long, spine length 0.74 (0.41-0.51) in height of second dorsal fin; fin-spine origin just behind insertion of pelvic fin; interdorsal space 0.96 (0.92-1.06) in length from snout tip to pectoral-fin origin. Dorsal -caudal space relatively short 11.4 (11.1-12.7)% TL.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="238131A72C9879971AE21384BAB92E1C" pageNumber="56">Coloration. In life very darkly pigmented; charcoal gray to blackish. Dorsum, ventrum, and lateral surfaces have no obvious boundaries. Belly and flank markings may be weakly displayed; magnification shows an increased density of melanophores. Upper caudal lobe very dark; lower lobe and tips of fins sometimes lighter grey but not translucent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C425A316A9EAB6668A998680ED3187D" pageNumber="56">
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Size. Maximum length at least 355 mm for adult male (
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<typeStatus id="7B65844B6454C3CA887D3D5215DEC10C">holotype</typeStatus>
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) and 406 mm for adult female (
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<typeStatus id="445A8F8F203B29D6EF757826E872B074">paratype</typeStatus>
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CAS 223477).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="790A897D98E19AC26D134FD8EEBE6C54" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B4338A3A1B6B496A695B8125D96CF91B" pageNumber="56">Distribution. All four type specimens were collected on the continental slope off northeastern Taiwan at depths greater than 300 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A842C605E7F01230791F7DDB15D4C10A" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8E2B39806FDE3FC4745DADE089D7E5FE" pageNumber="58">Etymology. The species is named in recognition of George Burgess for his contributions to the systematics of this genus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C732D6A66C57320A6D7B0E484B84F170" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E36E6E68CD00BAEC1C885BF74DC3406E" pageNumber="58">Discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="95F67A934ABF9BB6C8926305C95E9C94" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="47AD60EC5F5A4BF0802B2BE043744B0E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">Etmopterus burgessi</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from other western North Pacific
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<taxonomicName id="39B708A2A2FD72C5B20AFF3852501A98" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:82206F20-179E-4058-83D9-ABD1190748A8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus Rafinesque 1810:14" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Etmopterus</taxonomicName>
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species based on a combination of the following characters: snout width, first gill slit length, caudal peduncle length, second dorsal fin height, flank and caudal markings, tooth morphology, and dermal denticle placement. The snout width of
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<taxonomicName id="688CDAF1D09CBBE376D179B2819F398B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
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increases in proportion to head length (Fig. 3) compared to the other four regional examples.
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<taxonomicName id="A0B2881CF240F0E91D002855F710DCE1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">Etmopterus brachyurus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="761F299876388051C7FF66C2B851014E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">E. splendidus</taxonomicName>
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have snout widths that decrease slightly with increased head length. The sample size for
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<taxonomicName id="0F389A8D2E2ADAE533537831B37ACF4A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F4751F8F790A50B0EAF8142DEACF6B30" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
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are not robust, but both cluster closely with
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<taxonomicName id="55B0B69C18F7567E89DCE01664F43A55" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="760FA86575F85CD3CF808E6BC278E62A" pageNumber="59">
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The gill slit length of
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<taxonomicName id="2F9933D54E9EA1709DB99CD299CEA65F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
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is relatively long (Fig. 4) in proportion to head length. In the new species, as head length increases, so does the length of the first gill slit in proportion to the head length. For
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<taxonomicName id="BF6A6CDB1791A4592F9CE9E5FAA59B09" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
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, the relationship is negatively allometric, with head length increasing as the length of the first gill slit decreases proportionately.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B8FA7818AF3295D1A889BCBB9A63FCF" pageNumber="59">
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The length of the caudal peduncle is shorter in
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<taxonomicName id="D37F083728B5EF24EA5510856591411C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
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than in the other species examined. The measurement of this length is 11.4 (11.1-12.7)% TL in
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<taxonomicName id="7C461275A8C884C169ACD11106C93C4D" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but 13.7-15.5% TL in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69434E92A032E6C8E77BC0440A3533EC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and 12.8% TL in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="92965FE6DA0ECCE40A92FE6FF895C0EC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4A2B24302566D0FB04653AC3DB2C49E8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">Etmopterus molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a dorsal -caudal fin space of 14.1-14.9% TL, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6071B53B98FBD8C933ED6B7E6EDBC965" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">E. splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a measurement of 12.5-14.8% TL.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="19AD65CD8DE66B0B89B225D78696EC1C" pageNumber="60">
|
|
The height of the second dorsal fin in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="64F112DAD229D9243DFA0EB63E429044" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
is relatively low; its height ranges from to 34.6-40.7% of its overall length (Fig 5), and overlaps with that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="05C261F4D41B664EAA111D21DEF8EEE0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
|
|
which ranges from 34.5-44.7%. This measurement in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A152C603C7B9D54955C6A78195A7F818" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is slightly higher, with a range of 42.1-48.4% fin length. The height of the second dorsal fin in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E06A634906E4059489FC74985D20AB8A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
is much higher than for its congeners, ranging from 50-60%. Yamakawa et al. (1986) reports similar range values for the three aforementioned species.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="16F52B9A2D748922F96B494CBC8175AB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">Etmopterus splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a second dorsal fin height to length of 31.4-47.6%. Although percentages of the height in overall length overlap between species, the second dorsal fin is generally lower in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="222BCBE5B23C5B9A507DAC243B06DB22" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
than in either
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6E6643FDFDEC241ABD54D79AAA40FB2F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="559541A140D9AA7BC0F11427A7AEB211" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="475997D388A46918DA80F315F6B66472" pageNumber="60">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6BC26B69D6CF6421DDC82317940ABCD7" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">Etmopterus burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a flank marking that is distinct from three of the four species examined;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B1B1EDE4392AAF6805C1D7A1A36EE411" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">E. splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79DDBF9025304BBA1449FC0B98DDFDB9" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4F7D51E4973D44B41002AB6D3E19F1A7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 5). Comparatively, the anterior extension of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5F9BE322B6B138277151A64F759BCB75" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a broad base, 21.9 (21.7-29.3)% of anterior extension and short anterior branch, 78.1 (70.1-78.3)% of anterior extension.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9FFFEC48FFF0AFF3CF84BF07DBE93901" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">Etmopterus splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
also has a broad flank marking base (34.3-46.3% of anterior extension) and a relatively short anterior branch (53.7-65.7% of anterior extension), but lacks a posterior branch entirely. The flank marking base is relatively narrow in both
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6C81A34354BF7705F1875F5A84DF0F5" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
(12.3-16.7% anterior extension) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F3A82B1A97CA5559D2263E6A6DF50A52" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(12.1-16.8% anterior extension). The new species has a relatively short and blunt posterior branch, 41.4 (42.3-45.3)% of total flank marking length, that is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6BBF493628DCD3366BF325689E718DFF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
|
|
(29.1-37.3%). In comparison, the flank marking length is much shorter, its base broader, and the branches shorter in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8920BBC6F5E9FB4F58A3D315EE9CCB60" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
than either
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DEF30747AECA36229A131FFEFEDF38E8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5344D5F30822B05D1AD4B719E7E5E9BA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6F6D4187AAA3F25BB84A7D898CA8E144" pageNumber="60">
|
|
The upper tooth morphology of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E82A574EB028922554F3B92CD2E4CDE8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
consists of a single medial cusp, flanked on each side by three lateral cusplets, a condition similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8E50EF68EFC3A8F743CC2EE822F8F39D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">E. splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Yano, 1988). However, the upper tooth morphology of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1924305F99A6F54B9DDEB1BDD0194F9F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Smith and Radcliffe, 1912; Compagno et al., 2005; direct observation),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7B5B57FCE3F2D26952EFDB9D49FB3E1F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Compagno et al., 2005; direct observation), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B3BDA25DC96A6E710656E90438D22AF2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Whitley, 1939; Compagno et al., 2005) consists of a medial cusp flanked by two cusplets on each side.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4A6968511B09E7FA08F2F05BE4BC164D" pageNumber="60">
|
|
The dermal denticles of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EBC0CDFD65803C220145EE158990F681" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
are present over most of the body surface, and are useful for identification. Indeed, dermal denticles are present on the second dorsal fin surface of the new species. All of the other species examined have denticles on this surface except
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D1F59AB96B922E3512B95E9B780A3FB5" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
, for which this area is relatively smooth (Yamakawa et al., 1986; direct observation). The ventral surface of the snout of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE3A1343365891C694FD5EF125671AB1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a thick grouping of dermal denticles, but in contrast,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="029CEF22FC6AA05CAC948D2A8A56139E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
displays a pattern where denticles are lacking around the nasals and along the medial section of the snout. The ventral snout of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1D78C25A60E64395557B2197725E49D9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="279D7464CB647CD9B0FDF9C09C9869BC" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
is sparsely covered with denticles.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="760C9D60D9C55388A7A88E1BCED6F977" pageNumber="61">
|
|
The known distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="905EE2962CEBF2B1305E0B8E3C2FC1E2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:82206F20-179E-4058-83D9-ABD1190748A8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus Rafinesque 1810:14" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Etmopterus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species in the western North Pacific is problematic given the apparent high degree of endemism within this group. At the present,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9CD0AB381157DF4CCD9C09B0DFE85C5E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">E. burgessi</taxonomicName>
|
|
is known only from off the east coast of Taiwan. The other four “
|
|
<taxonomicName id="22ECC661C4A46FF511D096D2ADC72EB3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer group</taxonomicName>
|
|
” etmopterids,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="15E3DB6258ECEF313BE292C4B8C75DEF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="577CBD4D770F11333CDD9169B1358155" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24B2FAC680DDA622B7B6BE075B251E43" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1CF04317D428B1EACC43785FDE5D3624" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">E. splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
have variously been reported from Taiwanese waters. However, despite extensive field sampling and examination of museum specimens, we can only confirm the presence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D4F579892FB4528FBE49A48710936F63" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">E. brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="265790027B0F1DFDC9B7E6851B16A262" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">E. splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, both of which were quite commonly observed at Taiwanese fish markets.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ACB281E2724CE067B50342BA1CE0D377" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F7B473A-94A2-4E15-A77E-C19122CD8306" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus brachyurus Smith & Radcliffe 1912:679" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">Etmopterus brachyurus</taxonomicName>
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|
, originally described from the Philippines (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912), has been reported throughout the western Pacific from Japan to Australia (Compagno et al., 2005).
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<taxonomicName id="216F082BF6A2E421F2A6DBFFAA04E2EA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">Etmopterus splendidus</taxonomicName>
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was originally described from southern Japan (Yano, 1988) and has since been found in Taiwan and possibly Java, Indonesia (Compagno et al., 2005). Although we did not collect
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<taxonomicName id="873FDFE604F02C0562C5C89649837BF9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="5628BBD59323495305F636D652840BE0" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
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both have variously been reported by several authors (Teng, 1959; Chen, 1963; Joung & Chen, 1992; Compagno et al. 2005) as occurring in Taiwanese waters. Shen and Ting (1972) documented two forms of
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<taxonomicName id="19453A5FD581B621322C5A9FC9F4C9E5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
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from the waters around Taiwan. However, based on the illustrations of Shen and Ting (1972: Fig 2-A & 2-B) the two
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<taxonomicName id="2F2478C4ACDBDD451AC9DC8F21851967" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
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forms are actually examples of
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<taxonomicName id="9DC31C993E9938C7BCD0C3FCF915CEF0" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2B3CEC85F7B92FD8803F14B643722150" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30ADB75B-A4AA-44F6-8C06-4F2F773F19B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus splendidus Yano 1988:422" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendidus">E. splendidus</taxonomicName>
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, respectively. Furthermore, according to Joung and Chen (1992), the description of
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<taxonomicName id="2C0B513B7BA69D471F8899866F8F4FB5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
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by Chen (1963) is actually that of
|
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<taxonomicName id="B7FF57C83FF82785A6379477770E45CD" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">E. molleri</taxonomicName>
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|
; an observation with which we concur. Compagno et al. (2005) commented that the presence of
|
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<taxonomicName id="36CA0E12D615D32297AF4DDDF338C6E8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A7559E3-1A87-43E6-8A2B-F026C8631D20" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Etmopterus lucifer Jordan & Snyder 1902:79" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">E. lucifer</taxonomicName>
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, originally described from Japan, needed confirmation from some western Pacific localities.
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<taxonomicName id="753852AE23BC78D68F15BB299957E922" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">Etmopterus molleri</taxonomicName>
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, originally described from Australian waters, has been reported to occur throughout the western Pacific, including New Zealand, Taiwan, and Japan (Compagno et al., 2005). Although this species has been illustrated (Shen & Ting 1972) and reported (Joung & Chen, 1992) as occurring in Taiwanese waters, we could not confirm its occurrence.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |