treatments-xml/data/03/F2/87/03F287DA8112AF31FF45B2BDFA5BFDEC.xml

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<mods:title id="D071A97A779BD55983588B2A9FA107A6">A revision of Scutellera (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E63474EFD3483A1AC1FEC24C8182437E">Rédei, Dávid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="66C4B1FDB7C5BC28C375C0F22A309126">Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan. david. redei @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1550 - 2110</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="74881B36567F686C75C9F9299CC94A7F">Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chian Rd., Taichung 40453, Taiwan. jingfu. tsai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3076 - 3976</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8112AF34FF45B2BDFE11FA7D" authority="Lamarck, 1801" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,470,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92FEADE8112AF34FF45B2BDFED6FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,273,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Scutellera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FECBB2BCFE11FA7D" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[281,470,1410,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref35219" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1801) Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; presentant leurs characteres essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la consideration de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement etabli dans les galeries du Museum d'Hist. Naturelle, parmi leurs depouilles conservees; precede du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donne dans le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la Republique. Deterville, Paris, viii + 432 pp." type="book" year="1801">Lamarck, 1801</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FF45B2F8FE25FA3E" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[151,482,1479,1503]" page="293" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1801">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8112AF34FF45B2F8FE25FA3E" authority="Lamarck, 1801: 293" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,482,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8112AF34FF45B2F8FF39FA3E" box="[151,254,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Scutellera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FEDBB2F8FE25FA3E" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[265,482,1479,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref35219" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1801) Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; presentant leurs characteres essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la consideration de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement etabli dans les galeries du Museum d'Hist. Naturelle, parmi leurs depouilles conservees; precede du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donne dans le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la Republique. Deterville, Paris, viii + 432 pp." type="book" year="1801">Lamarck, 1801: 293</bibRefCitation>
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. 
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species by monotypy: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8112AF34FCF2B2F7FC77FA3E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1763" box="[800,944,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8112AF34FCF2B2F7FC77FA3E" box="[800,944,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cimex nobilis</emphasis>
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(non Linnaeus, 1763): 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FB63B2F8FA5FFA3E" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[1201,1432,1479,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref32281" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae [Flensburg &amp; Leipzig], [32] + 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius (1775: 697)</bibRefCitation>
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, misidentification (= 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8112AF34FE44B2D9FCD5FA1F" authority="Westwood, 1837" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" box="[406,786,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tectocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8112AF34FE44B2D9FD99FA1F" box="[406,606,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tectocoris perplexa</emphasis>
Westwood, 1837
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8112AF34FF45B117FEA2F9A1" authority=": Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[151,357,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8112AF34FF45B117FF39F9A1" box="[151,254,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Scutellera</emphasis>
: Latreille
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([1804a]: 163) (diagnosis, review), Latreille ([1804b]: 176) (diagnosis, review), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FB10B117FA5BF9A0" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[1218,1436,1576,1601]" page="112" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1807">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FB10B117FA5BF9A0" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[1218,1436,1576,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1" refId="ref35574" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1807) Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Tomus tertius. Amand Koenig, Parisiis et Argentorati [Paris and Strasbourg], 258 + [1] pp." type="journal article" year="1807">Latreille (1807: 112)</bibRefCitation>
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(diagnosis, review), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FE45B178FDADF9BE" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[407,618,1607,1631]" page="254" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1810">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FE45B178FDADF9BE" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[407,618,1607,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref35621" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1810) Considerations generales sur l'ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustaces, des arachnides, et des insectes; avec un tableau methodique de leurs genres, disposes en familles. F. Schoell, Paris, 444 pp." type="book" year="1810">Latreille (1810: 254)</bibRefCitation>
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(diagnosis), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FD3DB178FC59F9BE" author="Leach, W. E." box="[751,926,1607,1631]" page="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1814">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FD3DB178FC59F9BE" author="Leach, W. E." box="[751,926,1607,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref35749" refString="Leach, W. E. (1814) The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals. McMillan, London, 144 pp., 60 pls." type="book" year="1814">Leach (1814: 35)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FBF0B178FB3DF9BE" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[1058,1274,1607,1631]" page="490" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1816">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FBF0B178FB3DF9BE" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[1058,1274,1607,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref35318" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent. Tome troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck (1816: 490)</bibRefCitation>
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(redescription), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FF15B159FE5CF99F" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[199,411,1638,1662]" page="441" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1819">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FF15B159FE5CF99F" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[199,411,1638,1662]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="441 - 443" refId="ref35671" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1819) Scutellere, Scutellera. In: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle appliquee aux arts, a l'agriculture, a l'economie rurale et domestique, a la medecine, etc. par une societe de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs: nouvelle edition presqu'entierement refondue et considerablement augmentee; avec des figures tirees des trois regnes de la nature. Tome XXX. Deterville, Paris, pp. 441 - 443." type="book chapter" year="1819">Latreille (1819: 441)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis, review), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FDA1B159FC16F99F" author="Le Peletier, A. L. M. &amp; Serville, J. G." box="[627,977,1638,1662]" page="409" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1828">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FDA1B159FC16F99F" author="Le Peletier, A. L. M. &amp; Serville, J. G." box="[627,977,1638,1662]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="345 - 832" refId="ref35782" refString="Le Peletier, A. L. M. &amp; (Audinet-) Serville, J. G. (1828) [Articles on Hemiptera.] In: Latreille, [P. A.], Le Peletier, [A. L. M.], (Audinet-) Serville, [J. G.] &amp; Guerin (- Meneville), [F. E.], Encyclopedie Methodique. Histoire naturelle. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustaces, des arachnides et des insectes. Tome dixieme [livraison 100 of entire work]. Agasse, Paris, pp. 345 - 832, [1]." type="journal article" year="1828">Le Peletier &amp; Serville (1828: 409)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, review), Laporte ([1833]: 67, 70) (in key, redescription), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FE35B1BBFD1CF97D" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[487,731,1668,1692]" page="395" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1835">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FE35B1BBFD1CF97D" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[487,731,1668,1692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref30190" refString="Burmeister, H. C. C. (1835) Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band, besondere Entomologie. Erste Abtheilung, Schnabelkerfe, Rhynchota. Enslin, Berlin, IV + 400 pp." type="book" year="1835">Burmeister (1835: 395)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, review), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FC0CB1BBFB67F97D" author="White, A." box="[990,1184,1668,1693]" page="537" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1839">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FC0CB1BBFB67F97D" author="White, A." box="[990,1184,1668,1693]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="537 - 543" refId="ref41628" refString="White, A. (1839) Description of two hemipterous insects. Magazine of Natural History, New Series, 3 (35), 537 - 543." type="journal article" year="1839">White (1839: 537)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="54E0886E8112AF34FB62B1BAFB1AF97C" box="[1200,1245,1669,1693]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
species, identity), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FF15B19CFE75F95A" author="Blanchard, E." box="[199,434,1699,1723]" page="157" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1840">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FF15B19CFE75F95A" author="Blanchard, E." box="[199,434,1699,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref30078" refString="Blanchard, E. (1840) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthopteres, Nevropteres, Hemipteres, Hymenopteres, Lepidopteres et Dipteres. Tome troisieme. Dumenil, Paris, 672 pp., 11 + 5 + 15 + 7 + 29 + 4 pls." type="book" year="1840">Blanchard (1840: 157)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, review), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FD61B19CFCBEF95A" author="Agassiz, L." box="[691,889,1699,1723]" page="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1843">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FD61B19CFCBEF95A" author="Agassiz, L." box="[691,889,1699,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref28657" refString="Agassiz, L. (1843) Nomina systematica generum hemipterorum, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent. In: Agassiz, L., Nomenclator zoologicus, continens nomina systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris, in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent, in singulis classibus. Fasciculus III et IV. Jent et Gassmann, Soloduri, V + 20 pp." type="book" year="1843">Agassiz (1843: 18)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FC0BB19CFBBAF95A" author="Dallas, W. S." box="[985,1149,1699,1723]" page="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1851">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FC0BB19CFBBAF95A" author="Dallas, W. S." box="[985,1149,1699,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref31542" refString="Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 368 pp., XI pls." type="book" year="1851">Dallas (1851: 4</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 18) (in key, listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FA8EB19CFEEEF93B" author="Dohrn, A." page="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1859">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FA8EB19CFEEEF93B" author="Dohrn, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref32066" refString="Dohrn, A. (1859) Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herrcke &amp; Lebeling, Stettin, 112 pp." type="book" year="1859">Dohrn (1859: 2)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FE66B1FDFD6CF93B" author="Vollenhoven, S. C. S. van" box="[436,683,1730,1754]" page="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1863">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FE66B1FDFD6CF93B" author="Vollenhoven, S. C. S. van" box="[436,683,1730,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref41316" refString="Vollenhoven, S. C. S. van (1863) Essai d'une faune entomologique de l'Archipel Indo-Neerlandais. Premiere monographie: Famille des Scutellerides. Martinus Nijhoff, La Haye, 60 pp., IV pls." type="book" year="1863">Vollenhoven (1863: 11)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FC66B1FDFBB4F93B" box="[948,1139,1730,1754]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dutch East Indies</collectingCountry>
), Stål ([1865]: 33) (in key), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FF15B1DEFEABF918" author="Mayr, G. L." box="[199,364,1760,1785]" page="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FF15B1DEFEABF918" author="Mayr, G. L." box="[199,364,1760,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref36961" refString="Mayr, G. L. (1866) Hemiptera. In: Reise der Osterreichischen Freggate Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Teil, Bd. II, Abth. 1. Karl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, 204 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1866">Mayr (1866: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 22) (in key, listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FD9BB1DFFCC1F919" author="Walker, F." box="[585,774,1760,1784]" page="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FD9BB1DFFCC1F919" author="Walker, F." box="[585,774,1760,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref41356" refString="Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous-Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Scutata. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 240 pp." type="book" year="1867">Walker (1867: 15)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FCB7B1DFFBC8F919" author="Stal, C." box="[869,1039,1760,1785]" page="616" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1871">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FCB7B1DFFBC8F919" author="Stal, C." box="[869,1039,1760,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="607 - 776" refId="ref40000" refString="Stal, C. (1871) Hemiptera insularum Philippinarum. Bidrag till Philippinska oarnes Hemipter-fauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 27 (7), 607 - 776, pls. VII - IX." type="journal article" year="1871">Stål (1871: 616)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnostic characters), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FADCB1DFFA50F918" author="Stal, C." box="[1294,1431,1760,1785]" page="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1873">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FADCB1DFFA50F918" author="Stal, C." box="[1294,1431,1760,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref40038" refString="Stal, C. (1873) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 3. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar Neue Folge, 11 (2), 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1873">Stål (1873: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 14) (in key, synopsis), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FE60B1C0FD57F8F6" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[434,656,1791,1815]" page="161" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FE60B1C0FD57F8F6" author="Atkinson, E. T." box="[434,656,1791,1815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="145 - 205" refId="ref29525" refString="Atkinson, E. T. (1887) Notes on Indian Rhynchota, Heteroptera. No. 2. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 56 (2), 145 - 205." type="journal article" year="1887">Atkinson (1887: 161)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FC5DB1C0FC00F8F6" box="[911,967,1791,1815]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">India</collectingCountry>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FC08B1C0FADBF8F6" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[986,1308,1791,1815]" page="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1893">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FC08B1C0FADBF8F6" author="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G." box="[986,1308,1791,1815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref35981" refString="Lethierry, L. &amp; Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I. Heteropteres, Pentatomidae. F. Hayez, Bruxelles, x + 286 pp." type="book" year="1893">Lethierry &amp; Severin (1893: 21)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FF15B021FE5AF8D7" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[199,413,1822,1846]" page="263" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FF15B021FE5AF8D7" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[199,413,1822,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="262 - 265" refId="ref34766" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1900) On the nomenclature of the genera of the Rhynchota, Heteroptera and auchenorrhynchous Homoptera [part]. Entomologist, 33 (449), 262 - 265." type="journal article" year="1900">Kirkaldy (1900: 263)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed, 
<typeStatus id="54E0886E8112AF34FE3FB021FDDEF8D7" box="[493,537,1822,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
species), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FDAEB021FCE9F8D7" author="Distant, W. L." box="[636,814,1822,1846]" page="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FDAEB021FCE9F8D7" author="Distant, W. L." box="[636,814,1822,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref31867" refString="Distant, W. L. (1902) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. 1. Heteroptera. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xxxviii + 438 pp." type="book" year="1902">Distant (1902: 42</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 50) (in key, redescription, distribution, fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FAC5B021FA5EF8D7" box="[1303,1433,1822,1846]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">British India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FF15B003FED7F8B5" box="[199,272,1852,1876]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FE96B002FE4AF8B4" box="[324,397,1853,1877]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Burma</collectingCountry>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FE72B003FD45F8B5" author="Schouteden, H." box="[416,642,1852,1877]" page="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FE72B003FD45F8B5" author="Schouteden, H." box="[416,642,1852,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref38830" refString="Schouteden, H. (1904) Heteroptera, fam. Pentatomidae, subfam. Scutellerinae. Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 24. Verteneuil &amp; Desmet, Bruxelles, 98 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1904">Schouteden (1904: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 22) (in key, redescription, catalogue), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FBC5B003FB2DF8B4" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[1047,1258,1852,1877]" page="289" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1909">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FBC5B003FB2DF8B4" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[1047,1258,1852,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref34842" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera), with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Prefaced by a discussion on nomenclature, and an analytical table of families. Vol. I. Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin, XL + 392 pp." type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy (1909: 289</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 303) (catalogue, distribution), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FE80B064FDDEF892" author="Distant, W. L." box="[338,537,1883,1907]" page="116" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FE80B064FDDEF892" author="Distant, W. L." box="[338,537,1883,1907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref31906" refString="Distant, W. L. (1918) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. VII. Homoptera: Appendix. Heteroptera: Addenda. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, viii + 210 pp." type="book" year="1918">Distant (1918: 116)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FDA7B064FC9DF892" author="Hoffmann, W. E." box="[629,858,1883,1907]" page="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FDA7B064FC9DF892" author="Hoffmann, W. E." box="[629,858,1883,1907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="6 - 11" refId="ref33617" refString="Hoffmann, W. E. (1932 a) A list of the Pentatomidae, Plataspidae, and Coreidae (order Hemiptera) of China, Korea, and Indo- China. Journal of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution, 7 (1), 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1932">Hoffmann (1932a: 10)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FC64B063FBA5F892" author="Yang, W. I." box="[950,1122,1883,1908]" page="238" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FC64B063FBA5F892" author="Yang, W. I." box="[950,1122,1883,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="237 - 284" refId="ref42028" refString="Yang, W. I. (1934) Notes on the Chinese Scutellerinae. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Zoology, 5 (4), 237 - 284, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1934">Yang (1934: 238</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 256) (in key, diagnosis, fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FF31B045FEE4F873" box="[227,291,1914,1938]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">China</collectingCountry>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FEE6B045FDDDF873" author="Hoffmann, W. E." box="[308,538,1914,1938]" page="181" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FEE6B045FDDDF873" author="Hoffmann, W. E." box="[308,538,1914,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref33703" refString="Hoffmann, W. E. (1935) An abridged catalogue of certain Scutelleroidea (Plataspidae, Scutelleridae, and Pentatomidae) of China, Chosen, Indo-China, and Taiwan. Lignan University Science Bulletin, 7, 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1935">Hoffmann (1935: 181)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FDA6B045FCE4F873" author="Tang, T. H." box="[628,803,1914,1938]" page="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FDA6B045FCE4F873" author="Tang, T. H." box="[628,803,1914,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="275 - 382" refId="ref40498" refString="Tang, T. H. (1935) Family Pentatomidae. In: Wu, C. F., Catalogus insectorum sinensium. Vol. II. Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping, pp. 275 - 382." type="book chapter" year="1935">Tang (1935: 281)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FC72B045FC27F873" box="[928,992,1914,1938]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">China</collectingCountry>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FC20B045FB73F873" author="Ishihara, T." box="[1010,1204,1914,1938]" page="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1947">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FC20B045FB73F873" author="Ishihara, T." box="[1010,1204,1914,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="55 - 69" refId="ref34129" refString="Ishihara, T. (1947) An introduction to Pentatomidae of Japan. Mushi-shizen, 17, 55 - 69 [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1947">Ishihara (1947: 64)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FADDB045FF2EF850" author="Leston, D." page="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FADDB045FF2EF850" author="Leston, D." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="9 - 26" refId="ref35902" refString="Leston, D. (1952) Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera): VIII, Scutelleridae Leach of Angola, with remarks upon the male genitalia and the classification of the subfamily. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 16, 9 - 26." type="journal article" year="1952">Leston (1952: 22)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FE90B0A7FDC3F850" author="Stichel, W." box="[322,516,1944,1969]" page="728" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FE90B0A7FDC3F850" author="Stichel, W." box="[322,516,1944,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="705 - 736" refId="ref40080" refString="Stichel, W. (1961) Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen. II. Europa (Hemiptera-Heteroptera Europae). Vol. 4. 23. Heft. Liste der palaarktischen Arten. Pentatomomorpha, I. Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf, pp. 705 - 736." type="book chapter" year="1961">Stichel (1961: 728)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, Palaearctic), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FCD3B0A7FC04F850" author="Stichel, W." box="[769,963,1944,1969]" page="208" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FCD3B0A7FC04F850" author="Stichel, W." box="[769,963,1944,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="187 - 362" refId="ref40127" refString="Stichel, W. (1962) Verzeichnis der palaarktischen Hemiptera-Heteroptera. IV. Pentatomomorpha (Coreoidea-Pentatomoidea). Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf, pp. 187 - 362." type="book chapter" year="1962">Stichel (1962: 208)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, Palaearctic), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FB13B0A7FA5BF850" author="Fujiyama, I." box="[1217,1436,1944,1969]" page="398" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FB13B0A7FA5BF850" author="Fujiyama, I." box="[1217,1436,1944,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="393 - 401" refId="ref32568" refString="Fujiyama, I. (1967) A fossil scutellerid bug from marine deposit of Tottori, Japan (Tertiary insect fauna of Japan, 1). Bulletin of the National Museum Tokyo, 10 (3), 393 - 401." type="journal article" year="1967">Fujiyama (1967: 398)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FEC9B088FDE7F82E" author="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Cheng, L. I." box="[283,544,1975,1999]" page="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FEC9B088FDE7F82E" author="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Cheng, L. I." box="[283,544,1975,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="5 - 25" refId="ref33747" refString="Hsiao, T. Y. &amp; Cheng, L. I. (1977) Family Pentatomidae. In: Hsiao, T. Y., Jen, S. C., Cheng, L. I., Liu, S. L. &amp; Ching, H. L., A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Vol. I. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 53 - 158 + 297 - 300, pls. 5 - 25. [in Chinese with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1977">Hsiao &amp; Cheng (1977: 55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 60) (in key, fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FD29B088FCFFF82E" box="[763,824,1975,1999]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">China</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingRegion id="499FF82E8112AF34FCB5B088FC7BF82E" box="[871,956,1975,1999]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
, 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FC16B088FB68F82E" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[964,1199,1975,1999]" page="28" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FC16B088FB68F82E" author="Ahmad, I. &amp; Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A." box="[964,1199,1975,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref28948" refString="Ahmad, I., Moizuddin, M. &amp; Khan, A. A. (1979) Generic and supergeneric keys with reference to a check list of lower pentatomoid fauna of Pakistan (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on their distribution and food plants. Supplement of the Entomological Society of Karachi, 4 (4), 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1979">
Ahmad 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8112AF34FBC6B087FB80F82E" box="[1044,1095,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al.</emphasis>
(1979: 28
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 31, 35) (in key, listed), Ahmad (1980: 124) (distribution in 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8112AF34FDE2B0E9FD4DF80F" box="[560,650,2006,2030]" name="Pakistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FD49B0E9FCBEF80F" author="Datta, B. &amp; Ghosh, L. K. &amp; Dhar, M." box="[667,889,2006,2030]" page="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FD49B0E9FCBEF80F" author="Datta, B. &amp; Ghosh, L. K. &amp; Dhar, M." box="[667,889,2006,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref31641" refString="Datta, B., Ghosh, L. K. &amp; Dhar, M. (1985) Study on Indian Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera: Insecta). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper 80. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 43 pp." type="book" year="1985">
Datta 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8112AF34FD0AB0E8FCCDF80F" box="[728,778,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al.</emphasis>
(1985: 20)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF34FC01B0E9FB42F80F" author="Chen, F. Y." box="[979,1157,2006,2030]" page="125" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF34FC01B0E9FB42F80F" author="Chen, F. Y." box="[979,1157,2006,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref30928" refString="Chen, F. Y. (1987) Hemiptera (Pentatomidae). In: Guo, Z. Z. (Ed.), The agri cultural [sic] and forestry insect fauna of Guizhou. Vol. 1. Guizhou People's Publishing House, Guiyang, pp. 113 - 216, pls. IV - XIV. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1987">Chen (1987: 125)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8112AF37FB34B0E9FEF9FF4E" author="Chakraborty, S. P. &amp; Ghosh, L. K. &amp; Basu, R. C." lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" page="473" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8112AF37FB34B0E9FEF9FF4E" author="Chakraborty, S. P. &amp; Ghosh, L. K. &amp; Basu, R. C." lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="469 - 493" refId="ref30462" refString="Chakraborty, S. P., Ghosh, L. K. &amp; Basu, R. C. (1994) Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea - 1. In: Ghosh, A. K. (Ed.), Fauna of West Bengal. Part 5. (Insecta: Hemiptera). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 469 - 493." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chakraborty 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8112AF34FAB8B0E8FA5AF80F" box="[1386,1437,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al.</emphasis>
(1994: 473)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FE45B7A8FD40FF4F" author="Ghosh, M. &amp; Datta, B. &amp; Ghosh, L. K." box="[407,647,150,175]" page="495" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FE45B7A8FD40FF4F" author="Ghosh, M. &amp; Datta, B. &amp; Ghosh, L. K." box="[407,647,150,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="495 - 509" refId="ref32713" refString="Ghosh, M., Datta, B. &amp; Ghosh, L. K. (1994) Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea - II. In: Ghosh, A. K. (Ed.), Fauna of West Bengal. Part 5. (Insecta: Hemiptera). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 495 - 509." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Ghosh 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FE0DB7A8FDD5FF4E" box="[479,530,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(1994: 495
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 496, 498) (listed, in key), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FC44B7A8FB62FF4E" author="Javahery, M. &amp; Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Lattin, J. D." box="[918,1189,151,175]" page="491" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FC44B7A8FB62FF4E" author="Javahery, M. &amp; Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Lattin, J. D." box="[918,1189,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="475 - 503" refId="ref34339" refString="Javahery, M., Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Lattin, J. D. (2000) Shield bugs (Scutelleridae). In: Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Panizzi, A. R. (Eds.), Heteroptera of economic importance. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 475 - 503." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Javahery 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FC24B7A8FBEEFF4E" box="[1014,1065,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(2000: 491)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(economic importance), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FF15B78AFE34FF2C" author="Cassis, G. &amp; Vanags, L." box="[199,499,181,206]" page="286" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FF15B78AFE34FF2C" author="Cassis, G. &amp; Vanags, L." box="[199,499,181,206]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="275 - 398" refId="ref30346" refString="Cassis, G. &amp; Vanags, L. (2006) Jewel bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae). In: Rabitsch, W. (Ed.), Hug the bug - For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia, 19, 275 - 398." type="journal article" year="2006">Cassis &amp; Vanags (2006: 286)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FD82B78AFC4DFF2C" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[592,906,181,205]" page="200" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FD82B78AFC4DFF2C" author="Gollner-Scheiding, U." box="[592,906,181,205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref32859" refString="Gollner-Scheiding, U. (2006) Family Scutelleridae Leach, 1815 - shield bugs. In: Aukema, B. &amp; Rieger, Chr. (eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Volume 5. Pentatomomorpha II. Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 190 - 227." type="book" year="2006">Göllner-Scheiding (2006: 200)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, Palaearctic), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FB5CB78AFA5BFF2C" author="Biswas, B. &amp; Bal, A." box="[1166,1436,181,205]" page="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FB5CB78AFA5BFF2C" author="Biswas, B. &amp; Bal, A." box="[1166,1436,181,205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="301 - 320" refId="ref29965" refString="Biswas, B. &amp; Bal, A. (2007) Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea. In: Alfred, R. J. B. (Ed.), Fauna of Andhra Pradesh. Part 3. Insects. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 301 - 320." type="book chapter" year="2007">Biswas &amp; Bal (2007: 304)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FEF6B7EBFE19FF0D" author="Ghosh, L. K." box="[292,478,212,236]" page="412" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FEF6B7EBFE19FF0D" author="Ghosh, L. K." box="[292,478,212,236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref32680" refString="Ghosh, L. K. (2008) Handbook on hemipteran pests in India. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, xxii + 453 pp., 20 unnumbered pls." type="book" year="2008">Ghosh (2008: 412</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 417) (in key, diagnosis, species of economic importance in 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8111AF37FB95B7EBFBB8FF0D" box="[1095,1151,212,236]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">India</collectingCountry>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FB42B7EBFA5BFF0D" author="Biswas, B. &amp; Bal, A." box="[1168,1436,212,236]" page="240" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FB42B7EBFA5BFF0D" author="Biswas, B. &amp; Bal, A." box="[1168,1436,212,236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref30023" refString="Biswas, B. &amp; Bal, A. (2010) Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea. In: Alfred, R. J. B. (Ed.), Fauna of Uttarakhand. Part 2. Insects. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 229 - 244." type="book chapter" year="2010">Biswas &amp; Bal (2010: 240)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FEF5B7CCFE3BFEEA" author="Tsai, J. F. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M." box="[295,508,243,267]" page="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FEF5B7CCFE3BFEEA" author="Tsai, J. F. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M." box="[295,508,243,267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref41023" refString="Tsai, J. F., Redei, D., Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M. (2011) Jewel bugs of Taiwan (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 309 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Tsai 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FE88B7CCFE48FEEA" box="[346,399,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(2011: 68
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 151) (in key, redescription, distribution, bionomics, fauna of Taiwan), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FB36B7CCFEF8FEC8" author="Takai, M. &amp; Ishikawa, T." page="461" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FB36B7CCFEF8FEC8" author="Takai, M. &amp; Ishikawa, T." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="107 - 109" refId="ref40378" refString="Takai, M. &amp; Ishikawa, T. (2012) Family Scutelleridae Leach, 1815. Shield bugs. In: Ishikawa, T., Takai, M. &amp; Yasunaga, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese bugs - Terrestrial heteropterans. Vol. 3. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co., Tokyo, pp. 457 - 462, pls. 107 - 109. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2012">
Takai &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="499FF82E8111AF37FA93B7CCFA5BFEEA" box="[1345,1436,243,267]" country="Japan" name="Ishikawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ishikawa</collectingRegion>
(2012: 461)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(redescription, fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8111AF37FD92B62EFDB9FEC8" box="[576,638,273,297]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FD42B62DFC58FEC8" author="Parveen, S. &amp; Usmani, K. &amp; Khokhar, S. &amp; Ramamurthy, V. V. &amp; Vilimova, J." box="[656,927,273,297]" page="254" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FD42B62DFC58FEC8" author="Parveen, S. &amp; Usmani, K. &amp; Khokhar, S. &amp; Ramamurthy, V. V. &amp; Vilimova, J." box="[656,927,273,297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="236 - 258" refId="ref37957" refString="Parveen, S., Usmani, K., Khokhar, S., Ramamurthy, V. V. &amp; Vilimova, J. (2014) External thoracic scent efferent system of Scutelleridae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 253, 236 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2013.11.003" type="journal article" year="2014">
Parveen 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FD38B62DFCD8FEC8" box="[746,799,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(2014: 254)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(morphology), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FB90B62DFAA3FEC8" author="Parveen, S. &amp; Gaur, A." box="[1090,1380,273,297]" page="169" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FB90B62DFAA3FEC8" author="Parveen, S. &amp; Gaur, A." box="[1090,1380,273,297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="169 - 184" refId="ref37843" refString="Parveen, S. &amp; Gaur, A. (2015) Illustrated key to the Indian genera of Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Indian Journal of Entomology, 77 (2), 169 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.5958 / 0974 - 8172.2015.00034.6" type="journal article" year="2015">Parveen &amp; Gaur (2015: 169</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 170, 182) (listed, in key, diagnosis), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FDDCB60FFD2DFEA9" author="Ishikawa, T." box="[526,746,304,328]" page="492" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FDDCB60FFD2DFEA9" author="Ishikawa, T." box="[526,746,304,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref34154" refString="Ishikawa, T. (2016) Family Scutelleridae. In: Hayashi, M., Tomokuni, M., Yoshizawa, K. &amp; Ishikawa, T. (Eds.), Catalogue of the insects of Japan. Vol. 4. Paraneoptera. Entomological Society of Japan &amp; Touka-shobo, Fukuoka, pp. 491 - 493. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2016">
<collectingRegion id="499FF82E8111AF37FDDCB60FFDAEFEA9" box="[526,617,304,328]" country="Japan" name="Ishikawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ishikawa</collectingRegion>
(2016: 492)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8111AF37FCBBB60FFC60FEA9" box="[873,935,304,328]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FC68B60FFB58FEA9" author="Cai, W. Z. &amp; Cui, J. X." box="[954,1183,304,328]" page="622" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FC68B60FFB58FEA9" author="Cai, W. Z. &amp; Cui, J. X." box="[954,1183,304,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="621 - 637" refId="ref30227" refString="Cai, W. Z. &amp; Cui, J. X. (2017) Scutelleridae. In: Cai, W. Z., Cui, J. X., Liu, G. Q. &amp; Wang, J. S. (Eds.), Insect fauna of Henan. Hemiptera: Heteroptera. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 621 - 637. [in Chinese, English summary]" type="book chapter" year="2017">Cai &amp; Cui (2017: 622</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 635) (in key, diagnosis, fauna of Henan).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8111AF37FF45B652FE1AFE45" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B11E28111AF37FF45B652FE1AFE45" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8111AF37FF45B652FEC1FE64" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,262,365,389]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Calliphara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FF45B652FEC1FE64" box="[151,262,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Calliphara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FE93B652FE09FE64" author="Germar, E. F." box="[321,462,365,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref32650" refString="Germar, E. F. (1839) Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Schildwanzen. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, 1, 1 - 146, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1839">Germar, 1839</bibRefCitation>
) (misidentification): Amyot &amp; Serville (1843: 30) (redescription), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FBA3B652FA8FFE64" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[1137,1352,365,389]" page="232" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FBA3B652FA8FFE64" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[1137,1352,365,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="230 - 233" refId="ref34804" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1903) On the nomenclature of the genera of the Rhynchota; Heteroptera and auchenorrhynchous Homoptera [part]. Entomologist, 36 (484), 230 - 233." type="journal article" year="1903">Kirkaldy (1903: 232)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed), 
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA10DD8111AF37FF15B6B3FE4FFE45" author="Beier, M." box="[199,392,396,420]" page="2190" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FF15B6B3FE4FFE45" author="Beier, M." box="[199,392,396,420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="2041 - 2204" refId="ref29830" refString="Beier, M. (1937) 28. Ordnung der Pterygogenea: Heteroptera - Wanzen. In: Kukenthal, W. (Ed.), Handbuch der Zoologie. Vierter Band, Zweite Halfte (Insecta 2). De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 2041 - 2204." type="book chapter" year="1937">Beier (1937: 2190)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listed).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165478111AF37FF45B6EDFC84FD25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8111AF37FF45B6EDFC84FD25" blockId="2.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FF45B6EDFED5FE0D" bold="true" box="[151,274,466,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The specialized metathoracic scent gland ostiole (provided with a long and strongly widened, almost semicircular peritreme, evaporatorium strongly reduced) (
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FCC6B6C9FCA2FDF1" box="[788,869,502,528]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,190,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Scutellera perplexa (Westwood, 1837). Figs. 18, 19, a female from Thailand: Nong Hoi (RMNH); Figs. 20, 21, a male from India: Himachal Pradesh, Sadhupul, near Simla (SEHU); Figs. 22, 23, a female from Sri Lanka: Uppuveli (RMNH). Dorsal (Figs. 18, 20, 22) and vental (Figs. 19, 21, 23) views. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869444/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
: arrow; see also 
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FBC7B6C9FBA4FDF1" box="[1045,1123,502,528]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,192,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–17. Lectotypes of Calliphara amethystina Germar, 1839 and Scutellera lanius Stål, 1854 and their labels. Fig. 11, C. amethystina, dorsal view; Fig. 12, same, lateral view; Fig. 13, same, ventral view; Fig. 14, same, labels; Fig. 15, S. lanius, dorsal view; Fig. 16, same, ventral view; Fig. 17, labels. Scales in mm. © ZMHB (Figs. 11–14), © NHRS, courtesy of G. Lindberg (Figs. 15–17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) is diagnostic for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8111AF37FAF6B6C9FA51FDF1" box="[1316,1430,502,528]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FAF6B6C9FA51FDF1" box="[1316,1430,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Scutellera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other characters useful for recognizing this genus are the elongate oval body (
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FBDCB525FB29FDD5" box="[1038,1262,538,565]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,318,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-56@6.[151,1436,309,1793]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Lectotypes of Tectocoris nepalensis Westwood, 1837, Callidea spilogastra Walker, 1867, and Scutellera brevirostris Breddin, 1909, with their labels. Figs. 1, T. nepalensis, dorsal view; Fig. 2, same, lateral view; Fig. 3, same, ventral view; Fig. 4, same, labels; Fig. 5, C. spilogastra, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, ventral view; Fig. 7, same, labels; Fig. 8, S. brevirostris, dorsal view; Fig. 9, same, ventral view; Fig. 10, same, labels. Scales in mm. © OXUM (Figs. 1–4), © BMNH (Figs. 5–7), © SDEI (Figs. 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869436/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–3, 5, 6, 8, 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FB29B525FA50FDD5" box="[1275,1431,538,565]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,192,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–17. Lectotypes of Calliphara amethystina Germar, 1839 and Scutellera lanius Stål, 1854 and their labels. Fig. 11, C. amethystina, dorsal view; Fig. 12, same, lateral view; Fig. 13, same, ventral view; Fig. 14, same, labels; Fig. 15, S. lanius, dorsal view; Fig. 16, same, ventral view; Fig. 17, labels. Scales in mm. © ZMHB (Figs. 11–14), © NHRS, courtesy of G. Lindberg (Figs. 15–17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">11–13, 15, 16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FF45B501FF18FDB9" box="[151,223,574,600]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,190,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Scutellera perplexa (Westwood, 1837). Figs. 18, 19, a female from Thailand: Nong Hoi (RMNH); Figs. 20, 21, a male from India: Himachal Pradesh, Sadhupul, near Simla (SEHU); Figs. 22, 23, a female from Sri Lanka: Uppuveli (RMNH). Dorsal (Figs. 18, 20, 22) and vental (Figs. 19, 21, 23) views. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869444/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">18–23</figureCitation>
) covered by rather long, dense, erect to semierect pilosity, the presence of a wide and deep transverse furrow in the middle of the pronotum, and the long median furrow on the abdominal venter (extending to about the base of ventrite VII); these character states are also found in the closely related 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8111AF37FC21B5B9FAC6FD41" authority="Stal, 1871" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1871" box="[1011,1281,646,673]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Brachyaulax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FC21B5B9FB45FD41" box="[1011,1154,646,672]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brachyaulax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FB59B5B9FAC6FD41" author="Stal, C." box="[1163,1281,646,673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="607 - 776" refId="ref40000" refString="Stal, C. (1871) Hemiptera insularum Philippinarum. Bidrag till Philippinska oarnes Hemipter-fauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 27 (7), 607 - 776, pls. VII - IX." type="journal article" year="1871">Stål, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, although the median furrow is only distinct on ventrites II–III in the latter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165478111AF36FF15B5F1FE2CFCD8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8111AF37FF15B5F1FB3DFCED" blockId="2.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FF15B5F1FEB2FD09" bold="true" box="[199,373,718,744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Redescription.</emphasis>
A redescription of the genus by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FD37B5F1FC62FD09" author="Tsai, J. F. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M." box="[741,933,718,744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref41023" refString="Tsai, J. F., Redei, D., Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M. (2011) Jewel bugs of Taiwan (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 309 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Tsai 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FCC9B5F0FC93FD09" box="[795,852,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
was based on 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8111AF37FB99B5F0FB19FD09" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" box="[1099,1246,718,745]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tectocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FB99B5F0FB19FD09" box="[1099,1246,718,745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8111AF37FAC4B5F0FA52FD09" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" box="[1302,1429,718,745]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tectocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FAC4B5F0FA52FD09" box="[1302,1429,718,745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The transfer of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8111AF37FE97B5CCFE18FCED" authorityName=": Walker" authorityYear="1867" box="[325,479,754,781]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Callidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spilogastra">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FE97B5CCFE18FCED" box="[325,479,754,781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. spilogastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8111AF37FDCAB5CDFD4DFCED" box="[536,650,754,780]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FDCAB5CDFD4DFCED" box="[536,650,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Scutellera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
necessitates a revised redescription, as provided below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8111AF37FF15B429FAEBFBE9" blockId="2.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FF15B429FEC6FCD1" box="[199,257,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Body</emphasis>
medium to large (about 
<quantity id="4CA39B298111AF37FDF7B429FD61FCD0" box="[549,678,790,817]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 mm</quantity>
), elongate oval, moderately convex dorsally and ventrally; dorsal outline of body distinctly excised between base of scutellum and base of pronotum in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FB0AB405FAE1FCB5" box="[1240,1318,826,852]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,318,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-56@6.[151,1436,309,1793]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Lectotypes of Tectocoris nepalensis Westwood, 1837, Callidea spilogastra Walker, 1867, and Scutellera brevirostris Breddin, 1909, with their labels. Figs. 1, T. nepalensis, dorsal view; Fig. 2, same, lateral view; Fig. 3, same, ventral view; Fig. 4, same, labels; Fig. 5, C. spilogastra, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, ventral view; Fig. 7, same, labels; Fig. 8, S. brevirostris, dorsal view; Fig. 9, same, ventral view; Fig. 10, same, labels. Scales in mm. © OXUM (Figs. 1–4), © BMNH (Figs. 5–7), © SDEI (Figs. 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869436/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FAE3B405FA97FCB5" box="[1329,1360,826,852]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,192,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–17. Lectotypes of Calliphara amethystina Germar, 1839 and Scutellera lanius Stål, 1854 and their labels. Fig. 11, C. amethystina, dorsal view; Fig. 12, same, lateral view; Fig. 13, same, ventral view; Fig. 14, same, labels; Fig. 15, S. lanius, dorsal view; Fig. 16, same, ventral view; Fig. 17, labels. Scales in mm. © ZMHB (Figs. 11–14), © NHRS, courtesy of G. Lindberg (Figs. 15–17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">12</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FAB1B405FE41FC99" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Body surface and vestiture.</emphasis>
Dorsum with strong metallic lustre, sometimes with dull to subshining black spots; venter dull with large metallic spots; body and legs covered by dense, erect to semierect pubescence, smooth, with very small and fine, densely and evenly distributed, uniform punctures, head, pronotal calli, and base of scutellum usually more finely or indistinctly punctured, calli bordered by large, coarse punctures anteriorly and posteriorly; scape and basipedicellite with very few, scattered hairs, distipedicellite and flagellum with short and dense pilosity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8111AF37FF15B32DFD12FAE4" blockId="2.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FF15B32DFEC3FBCD" box="[199,260,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Head</emphasis>
stout, 1.1–1.15 times as wide as its median length, 1.3–1.4 times (
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD458111AF37FC26B32DFBCCFBCD" box="[1012,1035,1042,1068]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD458111AF37FBC5B32CFBEDFBCC" box="[1047,1066,1043,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) as wide as interocular distance, convex, moderately declivous; lateral margin deeply emarginate anteriad to eyes, obtuse; clypeus slightly surpassing mandibular plates; mandibular plates rounded anteriorly; buccula unarmed; eyes relatively small, moderately protruding laterally; ocelli small, situated slightly posteriad to posterior margin of eye, relatively far from eye. 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FED9B39CFEAFFB5C" box="[267,360,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Antenna</emphasis>
five-segmented, apex of scape far remote from apex of head, basipedicellite much shorter than distipedicellite; scape and pedicellite cylindrical, basi- and distiflagellum flattened. 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FB87B3F9FB6CFB01" box="[1109,1195,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Labium</emphasis>
reaching from about base of abdomen to posterior margin of ventrite IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8111AF37FF15B230FCBEF939" blockId="2.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FF15B230FEF9FAC9" box="[199,318,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pronotum.</emphasis>
Anterior margin with impressed collar; calli distinct, fused medially, demarcated by a wide and deep transverse furrow posteriorly, cicatrices distinct; lateral margin nearly straight or slightly concave, narrowly carinate; humeral angle rounded; posterior margin nearly straight; posterolateral angle angulate. 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FB35B269FA92FA91" box="[1255,1365,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Scutellum</emphasis>
wide, usually leaving only extreme margin of abdomen, base of exocorium and extreme base of endocorium exposed; with an indistinct, obscurely demarcated basal tumescence; rather strongly tapering towards apex posteriad of middle; apically broadly truncate. Membrane not or only narrowly exposed beyond apex of scutellum at rest. 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FAE5B2FDFE9AF9E1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Thoracic pleura and sterna</emphasis>
. Anterior explanate part of proepisternum weakly projecting anteriad; pterothoracic sternum with rather deep median furrow; metathoracic scent gland ostiole provided with a long and strongly widened, almost semicircular peritreme occupying almost all the metepisternum, its anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin widely convex, with a shallow furrow running along posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FC45B16DFC2FF98D" box="[919,1000,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,190,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Scutellera perplexa (Westwood, 1837). Figs. 18, 19, a female from Thailand: Nong Hoi (RMNH); Figs. 20, 21, a male from India: Himachal Pradesh, Sadhupul, near Simla (SEHU); Figs. 22, 23, a female from Sri Lanka: Uppuveli (RMNH). Dorsal (Figs. 18, 20, 22) and vental (Figs. 19, 21, 23) views. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869444/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig.19</figureCitation>
: arrow; see also 
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FB45B16DFB20F98D" box="[1175,1255,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,192,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–17. Lectotypes of Calliphara amethystina Germar, 1839 and Scutellera lanius Stål, 1854 and their labels. Fig. 11, C. amethystina, dorsal view; Fig. 12, same, lateral view; Fig. 13, same, ventral view; Fig. 14, same, labels; Fig. 15, S. lanius, dorsal view; Fig. 16, same, ventral view; Fig. 17, labels. Scales in mm. © ZMHB (Figs. 11–14), © NHRS, courtesy of G. Lindberg (Figs. 15–17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); evaporatorium reduced, present only as narrow bands anteriad and posteriad of peritreme, not extending to mesopleuron (see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FF1EB1A5FE6EF955" author="Tsai, J. F. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M." box="[204,425,1690,1716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref41023" refString="Tsai, J. F., Redei, D., Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M. (2011) Jewel bugs of Taiwan (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 309 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Tsai 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FED0B1A4FEFBF955" box="[258,316,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 16
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 15 and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8111AF37FDEBB1A4FC97F955" author="Parveen, S. &amp; Usmani, K. &amp; Khokhar, S. &amp; Ramamurthy, V. V. &amp; Vilimova, J." box="[569,848,1690,1717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="236 - 258" refId="ref37957" refString="Parveen, S., Usmani, K., Khokhar, S., Ramamurthy, V. V. &amp; Vilimova, J. (2014) External thoracic scent efferent system of Scutelleridae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 253, 236 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2013.11.003" type="journal article" year="2014">Parveen et al. 2014: 240</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2G and 254, fig. 19). 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FB53B1A4FB71F955" box="[1153,1206,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Legs</emphasis>
short; femora thick, unarmed; dorsal surface of tibiae with a wide longitudinal furrow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8111AF37FF15B1DDFF7EF86C" blockId="2.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FF15B1DDFE6CF91D" box="[199,427,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pregenital abdomen</emphasis>
with a median longitudinal furrow extending to about base of ventrite VII; lateral margin obtuse; posterolateral angles of ventrites II–VI not produced, those of segment VII produced into a pair of conical, apically pointed processes; opening of dorsal abdominal scent glands of segment III far remote from lateral margin of abdominal tergites, situated about halfway between opening of those of segment IV and lateral margin of tergite IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8111AF36FF15B0A9FDFDFE30" blockId="2.[151,1437,466,2041]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,150,1797]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8111AF37FF15B0A9FE12F851" box="[199,469,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">External male genitalia.</emphasis>
Genital capsule (
<figureCitation id="13602A498111AF37FD44B0A9FC84F851" box="[662,835,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–41" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,669,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-230@10.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30–41. Scutellera spp., external male genitalia. Figs. 30–33, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 34–37, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 38–41, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Genital capsule, dorsal view (Figs. 30, 34, 38); right paramere, three different aspects (Figs. 31–33, 35–37, 39–41). Abbreviations: dsp = dorsal setal patch; mp = median projection of cuplike sclerite; vsp = ventral setal patch. Scales in mm. Figs. 30–33 from Tsai et al. (2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869452/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 30, 34, 38</figureCitation>
) narrowed posteriad, with a pair of minute submedian denticles on its posterior margin; dorsal setal patches continuous medially, band-like, narrowly bordering dorsal sinus; ventral setal patches extensive, situated on area of ventral infolding surrounding cuplike sclerite. Paramere (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FF4DB7A8FE1CFF50" box="[159,475,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–41" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,669,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-230@10.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30–41. Scutellera spp., external male genitalia. Figs. 30–33, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 34–37, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 38–41, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Genital capsule, dorsal view (Figs. 30, 34, 38); right paramere, three different aspects (Figs. 31–33, 35–37, 39–41). Abbreviations: dsp = dorsal setal patch; mp = median projection of cuplike sclerite; vsp = ventral setal patch. Scales in mm. Figs. 30–33 from Tsai et al. (2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869452/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 31–33, 35–37, 39–41</figureCitation>
) fully sclerotized, lacking desclerotized neck, stem elongate and columnar, crown short and hooked, a lateral, apically blunt flange provided with setae present. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FBDCB784FBA7FF34" box="[1038,1120,187,213]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Phallaceae" genus="Phallus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Phallales" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Phallus</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FBA3B784FB3DFF34" box="[1137,1274,186,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 42–47" captionStart-1="FIGURES 48–52" captionStartId-0="11.[151,264,1749,1773]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,264,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1431,223,1655]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,205,1069]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@11.[151,1436,219,1664]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@12.[151,1436,205,1075]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 42–47. Scutellera spp., phallus (in repose). Figs. 42, 43, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 44, 45, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 46, 47, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Left lateral view (Figs. 42, 44, 46); posteroventral view (Figs. 43, 45, 47).Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus s. str.; cp-II 1, cp-II 2 = lobes of second conjunctival process; cp-III = third conjunctival process. Arrows in Figs. 42, 44 and 46 show aspects of Figs. 43, 45 and 47, respectively. Scales in mm. Figs. 42–43 after Tsai et al. (2011)." captionText-1="FIGURES 48–52. Scutellera spp., phallus. Figs. 4, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837), distal portion, ventral view; Fig. 49, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837), inflated, lateral view; Fig. 50, same, posteroventral view; Fig. 51, same, distal portion, ventral view; Fig. 52, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867), distal portion, ventral view. Abbreviations as in Figs. 42 and 43. Arrow in Figs. 49 shows aspect of Fig. 50. Scales in mm. Fig. 48 after Tsai et al. (2011)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869454" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869462" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5869454/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5869462/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 42–52</figureCitation>
) symmetrical; phallotheca with a pair of callose thickenings dorsolaterally; conjunctiva with two pairs of processes (second and third pairs of the groundplan, cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FDC6B63CFD0FFEFC" author="Tsai, J. F. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M." box="[532,712,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref41023" refString="Tsai, J. F., Redei, D., Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M. (2011) Jewel bugs of Taiwan (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 309 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Tsai 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FD99B63CFD42FEFC" box="[587,645,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
), second pair (cp-II) subdivided into cp-II 
<subScript id="17DF34898110AF36FB7BB62AFB76FEC2" attach="left" box="[1193,1201,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
(lobe-like, of lateral position, at least partly sclerotized) and cp-II 
<subScript id="17DF34898110AF36FD47B606FD5AFEA6" attach="left" box="[661,669,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</subScript>
(of mesal position, enclosed by cp-II 
<subScript id="17DF34898110AF36FB9AB606FB97FEA6" attach="right" box="[1096,1104,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
, greatly membranous, with a sharp, sclerotized process apically), third pair (cp-III) heavily sclerotized, of various length and shape; aedeagus 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF45B650FF13FE69" box="[151,212,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">s. str.</emphasis>
short, S-shaped, apex truncate; endophallic reservoir elongate oval, with double chamber, endophallic duct of two lumina system; aedeagal conducting tube very short, stout, constricted at middle, closely adhered to ventral angulate concavity of aedeagus 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FE2FB688FDF3FE31" box="[509,564,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">s. str</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8110AF36FF15B6E4FE2CFCD8" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF15B6E4FE20FE14" box="[199,487,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">External female genitalia.</emphasis>
Ovipositor plates posterior, almost vertical (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FC1CB6E4FB3FFE17" box="[974,1272,474,502]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–64" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1436,181,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 53–64. Scutellera spp., female terminalia and ovipositor. Figs. 53–56, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 57–60, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 61–64, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Terminalia, posterior view (Figs. 53, 57, 61); same, posterodorsal view (Figs. 54, 58, 62); same, ventral view (Figs. 55, 59, 63); ovipositor and sternum X, posterior view. Abbreviations: ga = gonangulum; lt8, lt9 = laterotergites VIII, IX; = laterotergite IX; s10 = sternum X; t8 = tergite VIII; va8, va9 = valvulae VIII, IX; vf8, vf9 = valvifers VIII, IX. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869466/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 53–55, 57–59, 61–63</figureCitation>
); laterotergites IX obliquely directed, fused valvifers IX partly exposed, with an obtuse median longitudinal keel. Gynatrium with a pair of long anterolateral pouches; ring sclerite long, far surpassing apex of fecundation canal, approaching apex of anterolateral pouch (frequently thin, inconspicuous,difficult to trace); a pair of small, transverse sclerites, occasionally fused along midline, present posteriad of spermathecal opening; fecundation canal forming a long and narrow, rodlike sclerite broadened or bifurcate distally, provided with a deep median furrow (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FBECB5B0FB30FD4B" box="[1086,1271,654,682]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–70" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-118@20.[151,1436,417,1553]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65–70. Scutellera spp., ectodermal genital tract of female. Figs. 65, 66, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 67," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869468/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 65, 67, 69</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca with distal duct somewhat shorter and narrower than proximal duct; dilation with wall regularly, obliquely fluted externally, thick, sclerotized, inner surface provided with several thin, lamellate projections projecting into the inner lumen, invaginations of proximal and distal spermathecal ducts simple, apical receptacle (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FB50B5C4FAF6FCF4" box="[1154,1329,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–70" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-118@20.[151,1436,417,1553]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65–70. Scutellera spp., ectodermal genital tract of female. Figs. 65, 66, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 67," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869468/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 66, 68, 70</figureCitation>
) strongly elongate, with a globose apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165478110AF36FF15B47DFC1FFC60" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8110AF36FF15B47DFC1FFC60" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF15B47DFDC7FCBD" bold="true" box="[199,512,834,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution and diversity.</emphasis>
The genus is endemic to Indomalaya, and it occurs all over the region, also entering the Wallacea marginally (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FE67B458FDF9FC60" box="[437,574,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–72" captionStartId="27.[151,263,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,460,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-140@27.[158,1430,453,1947]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 71–72. Geographical distribution of Scutellera spp. Fig. 71: S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837). Fig. 72: Circles = S. nepalensis nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); squares = S. nepalensis amethystina (Germar, 1839); triangles = S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Solid markers represent specimens examined during the present study, empty markers unverified literature data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869472/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 71, 72</figureCitation>
). It contains three described species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165478110AF36FF15B4B5FC70F8E4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8110AF36FF15B4B5FD95FB40" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF15B4B5FDD9FC45" bold="true" box="[199,542,906,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phylogenetic considerations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FDF5B4B4FD5EFC44" box="[551,665,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FDF5B4B4FD5EFC44" box="[551,665,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scutellera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FD07B4B4FCA3FC44" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1871" box="[725,868,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Brachyaulax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FD07B4B4FCA3FC44" box="[725,868,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brachyaulax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share a number of skeletal characters mentioned in the diagnosis. The genitalia of both sexes are also highly similar, including a similar articulatory apparatus (particulary the sclerotized part of the erection pump), the phallotheca being provided with a pair of callose thickenings dorsolaterally, the similar shape of the conjunctival processes (both cp-II and cp-III) and the aedeagal complex in the male, and the presence of a median longitudinal carina on the fused valvifers IX, the elongate fecundation canal with a pair of apical projections, and the similar spermathecal dilation in the female (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FABCB300FED0FB9C" author="Tsai, J. F. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref41023" refString="Tsai, J. F., Redei, D., Yeh, G. F. &amp; Yang, M. M. (2011) Jewel bugs of Taiwan (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 309 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Tsai 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF45B35CFF15FB9C" box="[151,210,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). These morphological similarities likely indicate a close phylogenetic relationship, probably a sister relationship, between these two genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8110AF36FF15B394FD34FA04" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FF15B394FEFEFB24" box="[199,313,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF15B394FEFEFB24" box="[199,313,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scutellera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(together with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FE31B394FDB5FB24" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1871" box="[483,626,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Brachyaulax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FE31B394FDB5FB24" box="[483,626,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brachyaulax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is a highly specialized genus of Scutellerini, exhibiting several putative apomorphies within the subfamily. Due to its specialized morphology the polarity of several characters within the genus is difficult to determine. The laterally emarginate genital capsules (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FC0FB3CCFBAFFAEC" box="[989,1128,1266,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1067]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Scutellera spp., terminalia of males. Figs. 24, 25, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 26, 27, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 28, 29, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Lateral (Figs. 24, 26, 28) and ventral (Figs. 25, 27, 29) views. Abbreviations: fw = fore wing; gc = genital capsule; sc = scutellum. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869446/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 24, 25</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FBA7B3CCFB56FAEC" box="[1141,1169,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–41" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,669,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-230@10.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30–41. Scutellera spp., external male genitalia. Figs. 30–33, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 34–37, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 38–41, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Genital capsule, dorsal view (Figs. 30, 34, 38); right paramere, three different aspects (Figs. 31–33, 35–37, 39–41). Abbreviations: dsp = dorsal setal patch; mp = median projection of cuplike sclerite; vsp = ventral setal patch. Scales in mm. Figs. 30–33 from Tsai et al. (2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869452/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">30</figureCitation>
vs. 28, 29, 38), similar shape of the conjunctival processes (particularly the lobe-like, externally partly sclerotized cp-II 
<subScript id="17DF34898110AF36FB1CB216FB11FAD6" attach="left" box="[1230,1238,1321,1335]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
) (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FB3DB228FAB2FAD0" box="[1263,1397,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–47" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1749,1773]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,223,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,219,1664]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 42–47. Scutellera spp., phallus (in repose). Figs. 42, 43, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 44, 45, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 46, 47, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Left lateral view (Figs. 42, 44, 46); posteroventral view (Figs. 43, 45, 47).Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus s. str.; cp-II 1, cp-II 2 = lobes of second conjunctival process; cp-III = third conjunctival process. Arrows in Figs. 42, 44 and 46 show aspects of Figs. 43, 45 and 47, respectively. Scales in mm. Figs. 42–43 after Tsai et al. (2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 42, 43</figureCitation>
vs. 46, 47), enlarged laterotergites VIII (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FDFEB204FD77FAB4" box="[556,688,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–64" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1436,181,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 53–64. Scutellera spp., female terminalia and ovipositor. Figs. 53–56, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 57–60, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 61–64, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Terminalia, posterior view (Figs. 53, 57, 61); same, posterodorsal view (Figs. 54, 58, 62); same, ventral view (Figs. 55, 59, 63); ovipositor and sternum X, posterior view. Abbreviations: ga = gonangulum; lt8, lt9 = laterotergites VIII, IX; = laterotergite IX; s10 = sternum X; t8 = tergite VIII; va8, va9 = valvulae VIII, IX; vf8, vf9 = valvifers VIII, IX. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869466/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 53–55</figureCitation>
vs. 61–63), the similar shape of fused valvifers IX (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FB39B204FA82FAB4" box="[1259,1349,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–64" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1436,181,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 53–64. Scutellera spp., female terminalia and ovipositor. Figs. 53–56, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 57–60, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 61–64, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Terminalia, posterior view (Figs. 53, 57, 61); same, posterodorsal view (Figs. 54, 58, 62); same, ventral view (Figs. 55, 59, 63); ovipositor and sternum X, posterior view. Abbreviations: ga = gonangulum; lt8, lt9 = laterotergites VIII, IX; = laterotergite IX; s10 = sternum X; t8 = tergite VIII; va8, va9 = valvulae VIII, IX; vf8, vf9 = valvifers VIII, IX. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869466/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 56</figureCitation>
vs. 64), and the presence of a single transverse sclerite of the gynatrium posteriorad the opening of of spermathecal opening (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FF4DB2BCFF39FA7C" box="[159,254,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–70" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-118@20.[151,1436,417,1553]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65–70. Scutellera spp., ectodermal genital tract of female. Figs. 65, 66, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 67," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869468/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 65</figureCitation>
vs. 69) are apparently shared characters between 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FC93B2BCFC11FA7C" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" box="[833,982,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tectocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FC93B2BCFC11FA7C" box="[833,982,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FBC0B2BCFB68FA7C" authorityName=": Walker" authorityYear="1867" box="[1042,1199,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Callidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spilogastra">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FBC0B2BCFB68FA7C" box="[1042,1199,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. spilogastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is difficult to establish whether they are synapomorphies or symplesiomorphies. The problem cannot be solved without examining a larger sample of Scutellerini with cladistic methods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8110AF36FF15B2D0FC70F8E4" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF15B2D0FEFCF9E8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1519,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
Several authors in the early 19th century (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FCC3B2D0FC15F9E8" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[785,978,1518,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="129 - 200" refId="ref35428" refString="Latreille, P. A. [1804 a] Tableau methodique des insectes. In: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquee aux arts, principalement a l'agriculture et a l'economie rurale et domestique: par une societe de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs: avec des figures tirees des trois regnes de la nature. Tome XXIV. Deterville, Paris, pp. 129 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1804">Latreille [1804a]</bibRefCitation>
, [1804b], 1807, 1810, 1819, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FAC1B2D0FA5FF9E8" author="Leach, W. E." box="[1299,1432,1519,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref35749" refString="Leach, W. E. (1814) The zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals. McMillan, London, 144 pp., 60 pls." type="book" year="1814">Leach 1814</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FF45B12CFE13F9CC" author="Le Peletier, A. L. M. &amp; Serville, J. G." box="[151,468,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="345 - 832" refId="ref35782" refString="Le Peletier, A. L. M. &amp; (Audinet-) Serville, J. G. (1828) [Articles on Hemiptera.] In: Latreille, [P. A.], Le Peletier, [A. L. M.], (Audinet-) Serville, [J. G.] &amp; Guerin (- Meneville), [F. E.], Encyclopedie Methodique. Histoire naturelle. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustaces, des arachnides et des insectes. Tome dixieme [livraison 100 of entire work]. Agasse, Paris, pp. 345 - 832, [1]." type="journal article" year="1828">Le Peletier &amp; Serville 1828</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FE33B12CFD4AF9CC" author="Laporte, F. L. de" box="[481,653,1554,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="17 - 88" refId="ref35376" refString="Laporte, F. L. de. [1833]. Essai d'une classification systematique de l'ordre des Hemipteres (Hemipteres-Heteropteres, Latr.) [signatures 2 - 6]. Magasin de Zoologie, 2 [1832], 17 - 88, pls. 51 - 55." type="journal article" year="1833">Laporte [1833]</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FD49B12CFC9CF9CC" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[667,859,1554,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref30190" refString="Burmeister, H. C. C. (1835) Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band, besondere Entomologie. Erste Abtheilung, Schnabelkerfe, Rhynchota. Enslin, Berlin, IV + 400 pp." type="book" year="1835">Burmeister 1835</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FCBAB12CFBD9F9CC" author="Blanchard, E." box="[872,1054,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref30078" refString="Blanchard, E. (1840) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthopteres, Nevropteres, Hemipteres, Hymenopteres, Lepidopteres et Dipteres. Tome troisieme. Dumenil, Paris, 672 pp., 11 + 5 + 15 + 7 + 29 + 4 pls." type="book" year="1840">Blanchard 1840</bibRefCitation>
, etc.) used this generic name in a broad sense, in a way highly different from the current usage (sometimes also including various non-scutellerid pentatomoids with enlarged scutellum). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FDB8B164FD1BF994" box="[618,732,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FDB8B164FD1BF994" box="[618,732,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scutellera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Westwood (1837: 3), 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FBDAB164FB37F994" author="Germar, E. F." box="[1032,1264,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref32650" refString="Germar, E. F. (1839) Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Schildwanzen. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, 1, 1 - 146, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1839">Germar (1839: 132)</bibRefCitation>
and Amyot &amp; Serville (1843: 27) did not contain the 
<typeStatus id="54E0886E8110AF36FD80B140FD45F978" box="[594,642,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species (whilst all of them listed it under different genera), whilst the definitions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FEE6B19CFE61F95C" box="[308,422,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FEE6B19CFE61F95C" box="[308,422,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scutellera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FDEBB19CFD38F95C" author="Hahn, C. W." box="[569,767,1699,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="159 - 190" refId="ref33045" refString="Hahn, C. W. (1833) Funftes Heft. In: Die wanzenartigen Insecten. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Erster Band. Mit sechs und dreissig fein ausgemalten Tafeln. C. H. Zeh, Nurnberg, pp. 159 - 190, pls. XXV - XXX." type="book chapter" year="1833">Hahn (1833: 172)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8110AF36FCE7B19CFBE6F95C" author="Schiodte, J. C." box="[821,1057,1698,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="279 - 312" refId="ref38791" refString="Schiodte, J. C. (1843) Revisio critica specierum generis Tetyrae Fabricii, quarum exstant in Museo Regio Hafniensi exempla typica. Naturhistorisk Tidskrift, 4 (1 - 2), 279 - 312." type="journal article" year="1843">Schiødte (1843: 295)</bibRefCitation>
conflict with the 
<typeStatus id="54E0886E8110AF36FB37B19CFAD2F95C" box="[1253,1301,1699,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species and evidently correspond with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FE14B1F8FC02F903" authority="Laporte, [1833]" authorityName="Laporte" authorityYear="1833" box="[454,965,1734,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Graphosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FE14B1F8FD9FF900" box="[454,600,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Graphosoma</emphasis>
Laporte, [1833] (Pentatomidae)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FC2CB1F8FAC6F900" authority="Hahn, 1834" authorityName="Hahn" authorityYear="1834" box="[1022,1281,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tectocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FC2CB1F8FBB5F901" box="[1022,1138,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tectocoris</emphasis>
Hahn, 1834
</taxonomicName>
, respectively; accordingly they must be considered as misidentifications of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="E2D42F278110AF31FF45B068FA5BFDEC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
<subSubSection id="C34165478110AF36FF45B068FDD0F890" box="[151,535,1878,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8110AF36FF45B068FDD0F890" blockId="3.[151,535,1878,1905]" box="[151,535,1878,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF45B068FDD0F890" bold="true" box="[151,535,1878,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Key to the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8110AF36FE4FB069FDD0F890" box="[413,535,1878,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FE4FB069FDD0F890" bold="true" box="[413,535,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scutellera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165478110AF31FF45B0A4FA5BFDEC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8110AF36FF45B0A4FA5BF80A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1947,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FF45B0A4FF64F851" bold="true" box="[151,163,1947,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</emphasis>
(4) Body elongate, 2.3–2.4 times as long as its greatest width, scutellum 1.7–1.8 times as long as its greatest width; pronotum and thoracic pleura with extensive orange or red markings, peritreme red; femora red, with metallic blue-green annulus apically (
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FF3BB0E9FE83F80A" box="[233,324,2006,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,318,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-56@6.[151,1436,309,1793]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Lectotypes of Tectocoris nepalensis Westwood, 1837, Callidea spilogastra Walker, 1867, and Scutellera brevirostris Breddin, 1909, with their labels. Figs. 1, T. nepalensis, dorsal view; Fig. 2, same, lateral view; Fig. 3, same, ventral view; Fig. 4, same, labels; Fig. 5, C. spilogastra, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, ventral view; Fig. 7, same, labels; Fig. 8, S. brevirostris, dorsal view; Fig. 9, same, ventral view; Fig. 10, same, labels. Scales in mm. © OXUM (Figs. 1–4), © BMNH (Figs. 5–7), © SDEI (Figs. 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FE9DB0E9FE13F80D" box="[335,468,2006,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,192,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–17. Lectotypes of Calliphara amethystina Germar, 1839 and Scutellera lanius Stål, 1854 and their labels. Fig. 11, C. amethystina, dorsal view; Fig. 12, same, lateral view; Fig. 13, same, ventral view; Fig. 14, same, labels; Fig. 15, S. lanius, dorsal view; Fig. 16, same, ventral view; Fig. 17, labels. Scales in mm. © ZMHB (Figs. 11–14), © NHRS, courtesy of G. Lindberg (Figs. 15–17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11–13, 15, 16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498110AF36FE0CB0E9FDDBF80D" box="[478,540,2006,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,190,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Scutellera perplexa (Westwood, 1837). Figs. 18, 19, a female from Thailand: Nong Hoi (RMNH); Figs. 20, 21, a male from India: Himachal Pradesh, Sadhupul, near Simla (SEHU); Figs. 22, 23, a female from Sri Lanka: Uppuveli (RMNH). Dorsal (Figs. 18, 20, 22) and vental (Figs. 19, 21, 23) views. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869444/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18–23</figureCitation>
)........................................................................ 
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8110AF36FA42B0E9FA5BF80A" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,2006,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8117AF31FF45B7A8FA5BFEC2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8117AF31FF45B7A8FF64FF4D" bold="true" box="[151,163,151,172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</emphasis>
(3) Dorsum with extensive, confluent markings, spots of scutellum invariably united into broad transverse fasciae (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FAC5B7A8FAB2FF4C" box="[1303,1397,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,318,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-56@6.[151,1436,309,1793]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Lectotypes of Tectocoris nepalensis Westwood, 1837, Callidea spilogastra Walker, 1867, and Scutellera brevirostris Breddin, 1909, with their labels. Figs. 1, T. nepalensis, dorsal view; Fig. 2, same, lateral view; Fig. 3, same, ventral view; Fig. 4, same, labels; Fig. 5, C. spilogastra, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, ventral view; Fig. 7, same, labels; Fig. 8, S. brevirostris, dorsal view; Fig. 9, same, ventral view; Fig. 10, same, labels. Scales in mm. © OXUM (Figs. 1–4), © BMNH (Figs. 5–7), © SDEI (Figs. 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FAADB7A7FEE7FF2A" captionStart="FIGURES 11–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,192,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1796]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–17. Lectotypes of Calliphara amethystina Germar, 1839 and Scutellera lanius Stål, 1854 and their labels. Fig. 11, C. amethystina, dorsal view; Fig. 12, same, lateral view; Fig. 13, same, ventral view; Fig. 14, same, labels; Fig. 15, S. lanius, dorsal view; Fig. 16, same, ventral view; Fig. 17, labels. Scales in mm. © ZMHB (Figs. 11–14), © NHRS, courtesy of G. Lindberg (Figs. 15–17)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869442/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11, 12, 15</figureCitation>
); lateral margin of genital capsule deeply emarginate (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FCFBB78AFC5AFF2A" box="[809,925,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1067]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Scutellera spp., terminalia of males. Figs. 24, 25, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 26, 27, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 28, 29, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Lateral (Figs. 24, 26, 28) and ventral (Figs. 25, 27, 29) views. Abbreviations: fw = fore wing; gc = genital capsule; sc = scutellum. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869446/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 24, 25</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FC75B78AFC05FF2B" box="[935,962,181,202]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–41" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,669,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-230@10.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30–41. Scutellera spp., external male genitalia. Figs. 30–33, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 34–37, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 38–41, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Genital capsule, dorsal view (Figs. 30, 34, 38); right paramere, three different aspects (Figs. 31–33, 35–37, 39–41). Abbreviations: dsp = dorsal setal patch; mp = median projection of cuplike sclerite; vsp = ventral setal patch. Scales in mm. Figs. 30–33 from Tsai et al. (2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869452/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">30</figureCitation>
: arrow) (
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD458117AF31FBC8B78AFBE9FF2A" box="[1050,1070,181,203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
); lateral portions of laterotergites VIII forming a pair of strongly protruding, rounded, lobe-like projections (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FC5DB7EDFBC1FF09" box="[911,1030,210,232]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–64" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1436,181,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 53–64. Scutellera spp., female terminalia and ovipositor. Figs. 53–56, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 57–60, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 61–64, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Terminalia, posterior view (Figs. 53, 57, 61); same, posterodorsal view (Figs. 54, 58, 62); same, ventral view (Figs. 55, 59, 63); ovipositor and sternum X, posterior view. Abbreviations: ga = gonangulum; lt8, lt9 = laterotergites VIII, IX; = laterotergite IX; s10 = sternum X; t8 = tergite VIII; va8, va9 = valvulae VIII, IX; vf8, vf9 = valvifers VIII, IX. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869466/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 53–55</figureCitation>
: arrow), laterotergites IX relatively large, elongate, broadly separated in rest (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FD94B7D0FD06FEE4" box="[582,705,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–64" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1436,181,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 53–64. Scutellera spp., female terminalia and ovipositor. Figs. 53–56, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 57–60, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 61–64, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Terminalia, posterior view (Figs. 53, 57, 61); same, posterodorsal view (Figs. 54, 58, 62); same, ventral view (Figs. 55, 59, 63); ovipositor and sternum X, posterior view. Abbreviations: ga = gonangulum; lt8, lt9 = laterotergites VIII, IX; = laterotergite IX; s10 = sternum X; t8 = tergite VIII; va8, va9 = valvulae VIII, IX; vf8, vf9 = valvifers VIII, IX. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869466/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 53, 54</figureCitation>
: lt 
<subScript id="17DF34898117AF31FD08B7C0FD26FEEA" attach="left" box="[730,737,255,267]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9</subScript>
) (
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD458117AF31FD29B7CFFCCCFEE7" box="[763,779,240,262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) (Sub-Himalayan belt, South 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8117AF31FBEAB7D0FBB3FEE4" box="[1080,1140,239,261]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
, Indo-China, 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8117AF31FB2EB7D0FA82FEE4" box="[1276,1349,239,261]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Ryūkyū Archipelago, Malay Archipelago)........................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8117AF31FBC6B633FA5BFEC2" authority="(Westwood, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1044,1436,268,291]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8117AF31FBC6B633FB21FEC3" bold="true" box="[1044,1254,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scutellera nepalensis</emphasis>
(Westwood, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8117AF31FF45B615FA5BFE57" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8117AF31FF45B615FF64FEDE" bold="true" box="[151,163,298,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</emphasis>
(2) Dorsum with reduced markings composed at most of a narrow median vitta and isolated paired submedian spots which are never confluent (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FE57B678FE3CFEBF" box="[389,507,327,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,190,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Scutellera perplexa (Westwood, 1837). Figs. 18, 19, a female from Thailand: Nong Hoi (RMNH); Figs. 20, 21, a male from India: Himachal Pradesh, Sadhupul, near Simla (SEHU); Figs. 22, 23, a female from Sri Lanka: Uppuveli (RMNH). Dorsal (Figs. 18, 20, 22) and vental (Figs. 19, 21, 23) views. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869444/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 18, 20</figureCitation>
), but frequently without any markings (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FCAAB678FC07FEBF" box="[888,960,327,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,190,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18–23. Scutellera perplexa (Westwood, 1837). Figs. 18, 19, a female from Thailand: Nong Hoi (RMNH); Figs. 20, 21, a male from India: Himachal Pradesh, Sadhupul, near Simla (SEHU); Figs. 22, 23, a female from Sri Lanka: Uppuveli (RMNH). Dorsal (Figs. 18, 20, 22) and vental (Figs. 19, 21, 23) views. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869444/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
); lateral margin of genital capsule not emarginate (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FF3BB65AFE9AFE9B" box="[233,349,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1067]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Scutellera spp., terminalia of males. Figs. 24, 25, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 26, 27, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 28, 29, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Lateral (Figs. 24, 26, 28) and ventral (Figs. 25, 27, 29) views. Abbreviations: fw = fore wing; gc = genital capsule; sc = scutellum. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869446/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 26, 27</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FEB5B65AFE47FE9A" box="[359,384,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–41" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,669,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-230@10.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30–41. Scutellera spp., external male genitalia. Figs. 30–33, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 34–37, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 38–41, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Genital capsule, dorsal view (Figs. 30, 34, 38); right paramere, three different aspects (Figs. 31–33, 35–37, 39–41). Abbreviations: dsp = dorsal setal patch; mp = median projection of cuplike sclerite; vsp = ventral setal patch. Scales in mm. Figs. 30–33 from Tsai et al. (2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869452/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">34</figureCitation>
) (
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD458117AF31FE47B65AFE6EFE9A" box="[405,425,357,379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
); lateral portions of laterotergites VIII flat, not protruding posteriad, laterotergites IX smaller and shorter, more rounded, closely approaching each other or adjacent in rest (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FCB4B6BDFC1CFE79" box="[870,987,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURES 53–64" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1578,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1436,181,1554]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 53–64. Scutellera spp., female terminalia and ovipositor. Figs. 53–56, S. nepalensis (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 57–60, S. perplexa (Westwood, 1837); Figs. 61–64, S. spilogastra (Walker, 1867). Terminalia, posterior view (Figs. 53, 57, 61); same, posterodorsal view (Figs. 54, 58, 62); same, ventral view (Figs. 55, 59, 63); ovipositor and sternum X, posterior view. Abbreviations: ga = gonangulum; lt8, lt9 = laterotergites VIII, IX; = laterotergite IX; s10 = sternum X; t8 = tergite VIII; va8, va9 = valvulae VIII, IX; vf8, vf9 = valvifers VIII, IX. Scales in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869466/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 57–59</figureCitation>
) (
<specimenCount id="9D5DFD458117AF31FC20B6BDFBC5FE79" box="[1010,1026,386,408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8117AF31FBCAB6BDFA9DFE79" authority="Subcontinent, Indo-China" authorityName="Subcontinent, Indo-China" box="[1048,1370,386,408]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian Subcontinent, Indo-China</taxonomicName>
, South 
<collectingCountry id="F34C765C8117AF31FF30B6A0FEDAFE54" box="[226,285,415,437]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
).............................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8117AF31FBF4B6A0FA5BFE57" authority="(Westwood, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1062,1436,415,438]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8117AF31FBF4B6A0FB22FE54" bold="true" box="[1062,1253,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scutellera perplexa</emphasis>
(Westwood, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436CC8117AF31FF45B682FA5BFDEC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8117AF31FF45B682FF64FE33" bold="true" box="[151,163,445,466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4</emphasis>
(1) Body distinctly broader, about 2.1–2.15 times as long as its greatest width, scutellum 1.35–1.45 times as long as its greatest width; pronotum and thoracic pleura without orange or red markings, peritreme black; femora nearly uniformly metallic bluegreen (
<figureCitation id="13602A498117AF31FEF6B6C8FE68FDEF" box="[292,431,503,526]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,318,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-56@6.[151,1436,309,1793]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. Lectotypes of Tectocoris nepalensis Westwood, 1837, Callidea spilogastra Walker, 1867, and Scutellera brevirostris Breddin, 1909, with their labels. Figs. 1, T. nepalensis, dorsal view; Fig. 2, same, lateral view; Fig. 3, same, ventral view; Fig. 4, same, labels; Fig. 5, C. spilogastra, dorsal view; Fig. 6, same, ventral view; Fig. 7, same, labels; Fig. 8, S. brevirostris, dorsal view; Fig. 9, same, ventral view; Fig. 10, same, labels. Scales in mm. © OXUM (Figs. 1–4), © BMNH (Figs. 5–7), © SDEI (Figs. 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5869436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5869436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 5, 6, 8, 9</figureCitation>
) (southern 
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, 
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)............................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4F8117AF31FBE2B6C8FA5BFDEC" authority="(Walker, 1867)" authorityName="Rédei &amp; Tsai" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1072,1436,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutellera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spilogastra">
<emphasis id="B92FEADE8117AF31FBE2B6C8FAC1FDEC" bold="true" box="[1072,1286,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scutellera spilogastra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B3D8117AF31FAC1B6C8FA52FDEC" author="Walker, F." box="[1299,1429,503,525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref41356" refString="Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous-Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Scutata. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 240 pp." type="book" year="1867">Walker, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>