167 lines
22 KiB
XML
167 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B56B83FF3C99D1976EA5C8109713DA42">Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 2. Stolidobranchia, Styelidae</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038A4612FF8AFFC6BEDEF8EA5632FBFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485080" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143618744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485080" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A4612FF8AFFC6BEDEF8EA5632FBFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A4612FF8AFFC6BEDEF8EA5632FBFC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
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<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF8AFFC7BEDEF8EA5281F820" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF8AFFC7BEDEF8EA50FFF8C7" blockId="2.[151,641,1865,1925]" box="[151,641,1865,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
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<heading id="D0D44068FF8AFFC7BEDEF8EA50FFF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,641,1865,1891]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8AFFC7BEDEF8EA50FFF8C7" ID-CoL="3DBQP" authority="(Monniot C. 1983)" authorityName="Monniot C." authorityYear="1983" box="[151,641,1865,1891]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Eusynstyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ordinata">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8AFFC7BEDEF8EA50FFF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,641,1865,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8AFFC7BEDEF8EA53EBF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,405,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Eusynstyela ordinata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF8AFFC7BFEDF8EA5007F8C7" box="[420,633,1865,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF8AFFC7BEDEF8CF5281F820" blockId="2.[151,641,1865,1925]" box="[151,255,1900,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF8AFFC7BEDEF8CF5285F820" box="[151,251,1900,1925]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,339,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1419,193,1726]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,339,1836]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Eusynstyela ordinata. A, colony, scale bar = 1cm. B, ventral side of a zooid." captionText-1="FIGURE2. Eusynstyela ordinata stained.A, oral siphon,scale bar = 1mm. B, polycarps, scalebar 0.5mm. C, branchial tissue." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1221582/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1221584/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C339A48FFF8AFFC6BEDEF8175632FBFC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF8AFFC7BEDEF81753DCF84D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1972,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4BFD59FF8AFFC7BEDEF81753DCF84D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838187565" collectionCode="MNHN" country="American Samoa" location="Stations" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8EFCA1DFFF8AFFC7BEDEF8175292F86E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A4612FF8AFFC6BEDEF8EA5632FBFC:8EFCA1DFFF8AFFC7BEDEF8175292F86E" box="[151,236,1972,1994]" country="American Samoa" name="Stations" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Stations</location>
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: AB 62; AB 157; AB 159; AB 169; AB 197; AB 301; AB 400; AD 224; AD 257; AR 100; AR 101; AR 116;
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<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF8AFFC7BB1CF817570BF86E" box="[1365,1397,1972,1994]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">AS</collectingCountry>
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96. (
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<collectionCode id="ED326FC1FF8AFFC7BE84F8705362F84D" box="[205,284,2003,2025]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">MNHN</collectionCode>
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S1 EUS 51).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF8BFFC6BEDEFF345705FCB0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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Described from
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<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF8BFFC6BF05FF3453ADFF14" box="[332,467,151,176]" country="France" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF8BFFC6BF05FF3453ADFF14" box="[332,467,151,176]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BF90FF3A5026FF14" box="[473,600,152,176]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Eusynstyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ordinata">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BF90FF3A5026FF14" box="[473,600,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">E. ordinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is now recorded in
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<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF8BFFC6BD7BFF3451CCFF14" box="[818,946,151,176]" country="France" name="Martinique" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF8BFFC6BD7BFF3451CCFF14" box="[818,946,151,176]" name="Martinique" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Martinique</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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. Either isolated or in colonies the zooids are strongly attached on hard substrates as dead corals, shells or other ascidians. They have a deep red tunic and the colour remains but darker in formalin (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF8BFFC6BC00FF7C50E2FF5C" box="[585,668,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,339,1836]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eusynstyela ordinata. A, colony, scale bar = 1cm. B, ventral side of a zooid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221582/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Fig 1A</figureCitation>
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). The zooid shape resembles “fried eggs” as the thick dorsal tunic of the body expands laterally and become a thin sheet spread on the support, colourless and firmly stuck to the irregularities of the substrate and difficult to remove without damage. The siphons are well apart with 6 lobes slightly protruding and luminescent internal pigment. The tunic lining the siphons has a honeycomb structure. The body wall is dorsally opaque, red on the siphons and yellowish or brown elsewhere. On the ventral side the body wall is colourless, transparent and very thin (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF8BFFC6BCC6FE375098FE08" box="[655,742,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,339,1836]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eusynstyela ordinata. A, colony, scale bar = 1cm. B, ventral side of a zooid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221582/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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). No musculature could be seen. The oral tentacles are in two orders of size (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF8BFFC6BF08FE1453E2FE74" box="[321,412,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,193,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE2. Eusynstyela ordinata stained.A, oral siphon,scale bar = 1mm. B, polycarps, scalebar 0.5mm. C, branchial tissue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221584/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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). The prepharyngeal space is wide without papillae. The dorsal tubercle opens in a simple hole. The branchial sac has 4 high folds on each side (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF8BFFC6BD49FE7F5127FE50" box="[768,857,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,193,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE2. Eusynstyela ordinata stained.A, oral siphon,scale bar = 1mm. B, polycarps, scalebar 0.5mm. C, branchial tissue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221584/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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), the number of longitudinal vessels being variable according to the zooid size and sexual maturity. The gut is located posteriorly in the body and occupies a small part of the atrial cavity (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF8BFFC6BF30FD8753AFFD98" box="[377,465,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,339,1836]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eusynstyela ordinata. A, colony, scale bar = 1cm. B, ventral side of a zooid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221582/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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). The stomach is oval with about 10 longitudinal folds and has a round caecum. The intestinal loop is short, closed. Numerous endocarps are distributed on the whole internal layer of the body wall. The gonads are absent in most specimens. When present they form irregular but long lines on each body side at some distance from the endostyle. When immature they protrude at the internal side of the body wall, but when mature the polycarps are each embedded in a closed pouch of the body wall and only the gonoducts open into the atrial cavity. The polycarps are round with 2 testis lobes tightly applied on the small ovary (
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<figureCitation id="1318EB81FF8BFFC6BAE4FD745778FD54" box="[1197,1286,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,193,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE2. Eusynstyela ordinata stained.A, oral siphon,scale bar = 1mm. B, polycarps, scalebar 0.5mm. C, branchial tissue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221584/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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). There is no thick ventral bundle of the body wall between or along the gonad lines as can be found in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BAB1FD5F570AFCB7" baseAuthorityName="Diehl" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[1272,1396,764,787]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Seriocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BAB1FD5F570AFCB7" box="[1272,1396,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Seriocarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF8BFFC6BE8EFCBC5339FCDB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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The specimens collected from
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<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF8BFFC6BC79FCBC50D2FC9C" box="[560,684,799,824]" country="France" name="Martinique" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF8BFFC6BC79FCBC50D2FC9C" box="[560,684,799,824]" name="Martinique" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Martinique</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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have all characters as described and figured for
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BABBFC82570AFC9C" box="[1266,1396,800,824]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Eusynstyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ordinata">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BABBFC82570AFC9C" box="[1266,1396,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">E. ordinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF8BFFC6BEDEFCE75317FCF8" box="[151,361,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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||
from
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<collectingRegion id="49E739E6FF8BFFC6BFE4FCE75046FCF9" box="[429,568,836,861]" country="France" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F334B794FF8BFFC6BFE4FCE75046FCF9" box="[429,568,836,861]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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. This species has not been recorded elsewhere and is certainly endemic in the Caribbean area.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9CF704FF8BFFC6BE8EFC2F5632FBFC" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
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The systematic attribution to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BCCDFC2F5174FC00" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[644,778,908,932]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Eusynstyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BCCDFC2F5174FC00" box="[644,778,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Eusynstyela</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
instead of
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BDCEFC2F56E2FC01" authority="(Diehl 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Diehl" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[903,1180,908,933]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Seriocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BDCEFC2F567AFC07" box="[903,1028,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Seriocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF8BFFC6BA5AFC2F56EAFC01" box="[1043,1172,908,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" refId="ref8026" refString="Diehl, M. (1969) Eine neue phylogenetisch aufschussreiche Ascidiengattung Seriocarpa nit der Typusart S. rhizoides gn. sp. (Acidiacea Styelidae). Mittelungen Hamburg Zoologischen Mususeum Institut, 66, 65 - 69." type="journal article">Diehl 1969</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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was already discussed in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF8BFFC6BEF1FC0C53EBFC6C" box="[184,405,943,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" refId="ref8545" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe IV. Styelidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, Series 4, Zoology, 5 (2), 423 - 456." type="journal article">Monniot C. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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(who initially listed it as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BDD9FC135638FC6C" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[912,1094,944,968]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polyandrocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BDD9FC135638FC6C" box="[912,1094,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Polyandrocarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB28AF5FF8BFFC6BA8EFC0C57EAFC6C" box="[1223,1428,943,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" refId="ref8623" refString="Monniot, C. (1991) Ascidies de Nouvelle Caledonie X. Stolidobranches (suite). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle Paris, 13, 3 - 37." type="journal article">Monniot C. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) elevated it to genus level). Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BC63FC7750D9FC4F" baseAuthorityName="Diehl" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[554,679,980,1003]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Seriocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BC63FC7750D9FC4F" box="[554,679,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Seriocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BCAFFC775112FC48" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[742,876,980,1004]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Eusynstyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BCAFFC775112FC48" box="[742,876,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Eusynstyela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the same anatomy and only differ by the presence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BF69FC5B53E3FBAB" baseAuthorityName="Diehl" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[288,413,1016,1039]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Seriocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BF69FC5B53E3FBAB" box="[288,413,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Seriocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of a thickening of the tunic in a bulge containing the gonads.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BA23FC5A5694FBB4" box="[1130,1258,1016,1040]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Eusynstyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ordinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BA23FC5A5694FBB4" box="[1130,1258,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">E. ordinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BBCDFC5A52A9FB90" baseAuthorityName="Van Name" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Eusynstyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BBCDFC5A52A9FB90" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">E. tincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to which it is closely allied by the tunic structure and colour and by the gut with an elongated stomach.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C238C87FF8BFFC6BBCDFBBE52A9FBF3" baseAuthorityName="Van Name" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Eusynstyela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9572B16FF8BFFC6BBCDFBBE52A9FBF3" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">E. tincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also have the polycarps invaginated into the body wall (Van Name 1945).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |