169 lines
18 KiB
XML
169 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="267D5AE1AE2AB4BC71A1C5679C09608B">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98E6B8529252FCC5D5980C1F27CF68C5">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4887EF5D2D39C2977280E70CCDB3D2D">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE6A6707EE0F327F5AB59313724B3DB0">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3486054E1BBC4F9E2D45A880FB6F21B2">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B73FFC9FF56FCB2FDC5FA7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639778" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B73FFC9FF56FCB2FDC5FA7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B73FFC9FF56FCB2FDC5FA7E" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B73FFC9FF56FCB2FD8DFCA9" box="[151,627,843,870]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B73FFC9FF56FCB2FD8DFCA9" blockId="101.[151,627,843,870]" box="[151,627,843,870]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B73FFC9FF56FCB2FD8DFCA9" bold="true" box="[151,627,843,870]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B73FFC9FF56FCB2FD8DFCA9" ID-CoL="5B8KD" authority="Grasshoff, 2000" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,627,843,870]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="klunzingeri">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FF56FCB2FD8DFCA9" bold="true" box="[151,627,843,870]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FF56FCB2FE59FCA9" bold="true" box="[151,423,843,870]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Verrucella klunzingeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FE6FFCB5FD8DFCA9" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[430,627,844,870]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B73FFC9FF56FC73FC0EFC2C" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B73FFC9FF56FC73FC11FC6D" blockId="101.[151,1007,906,930]" box="[151,1007,906,930]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B73FFC9FF56FC73FC11FC6D" box="[151,1007,906,930]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B73FFC9FF56FC73FD77FC6D" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,649,906,930]" page="114" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B73FFC9FF56FC73FD77FC6D" ID-CoL="5B8KD" authority="Grasshoff, 2000: 113 - 114" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="113 - 114" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,649,906,930]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="klunzingeri">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FF56FC73FE87FC6D" box="[151,377,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Verrucella klunzingeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FEBEFC73FD77FC6D" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[383,649,906,930]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff, 2000: 113–114</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 202&203 (Northern
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<collectingRegion id="49E5C9B57B73FFC9FC4DFC73FC1AFC6D" box="[908,996,906,930]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B73FFC9FF56FC30FC0EFC2C" blockId="101.[151,1008,969,996]" box="[151,1008,969,996]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Opinion: There is not enough evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B73FFC9FF56FBF2FDC5FA7E" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B73FFC9FF56FBF2FED7FBEA" blockId="101.[151,1437,1035,1133]" box="[151,297,1035,1061]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B73FFC9FF06FBD6FC1DFBA2" blockId="101.[151,1437,1035,1133]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FF06FBD6FC4CFB86" box="[199,946,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FC05FBD6FB28FB86" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[964,1238,1071,1097]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FBDDFBD6FBAEFB86" box="[1052,1104,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 42
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 18, fig. A–D (Andaman Is.);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FE89FBAAFD95FBA2" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[328,619,1107,1133]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FE79FBAAFE14FBA2" box="[440,490,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2017: 274
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 128, fig. A–D (Andaman Is.).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B73FFC9FF06FB62FBD8FA8A" blockId="101.[151,1436,1179,1457]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FF06FB62FE60FB7A" box="[199,414,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The publications of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FD5DFB62FC6CFB7A" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[668,914,1179,1205]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FD34FB62FCCFFB7A" box="[757,817,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FC11FB62FB28FB7A" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[976,1238,1179,1205]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FB85FB62FB7EFB7A" box="[1092,1152,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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present identical descriptions. Although the colony figured by these authors does resemble that illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FB13FB46FA66FB16" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[1234,1432,1215,1241]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref101466" refString="Grasshoff, M. (2000) The gorgonians of the Sinai coast and the Strait of Gubal, Red Sea (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 224, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Grasshoff (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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, the sclerites do not. The densely warted, very short waisted double heads figured from the coenenchyme are quite different to those from Grasshoff’s material, as are the polyp sclerites.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FC6DFAFEFB77FAEE" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[940,1161,1286,1313]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FBC1FAFEFBCFFAEE" box="[1024,1073,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just lists the species and figure the same Indian specimen, while
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FD97FAD2FCBFFA8A" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[598,833,1323,1349]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="96 - 102" refId="ref103354" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2018 a) Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it's adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 47, 96 - 102." type="journal article" year="2018">
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||
Kumar
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FD6AFAD2FD22FA8A" box="[683,732,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2018a)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
just lists the species
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B73FFC9FF06FAB6FDC5FA7E" blockId="101.[151,1436,1179,1457]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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||
From the data available, the material described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FCD9FAB6FBF3FAA6" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[792,1037,1359,1385]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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||
Kumar
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FCB1FAB6FC55FAA6" box="[880,939,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014a)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FB88FAB6FAB0FAA6" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1097,1358,1359,1385]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FB7CFAB6FB07FAA6" box="[1213,1273,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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seems to be the same species as the material
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FD8FFA8AFCF4FA42" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[590,778,1395,1421]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FC82FA8AFBBCFA42" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[835,1090,1395,1421]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FC74FA8AFC16FA42" box="[949,1000,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned, perhaps correctly to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B73FFC9FF56FA6EFDC8FA7E" authority="(Lamarck, 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[151,566,1430,1457]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Verrucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B73FFC9FF56FA6EFE8EFA7E" box="[151,368,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Verrucella flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B73FFC9FEBEFA6EFDD0FA7E" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[383,558,1430,1457]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="76 - 84" refId="ref103887" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1815) Sur les polypiers corticiferes. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle Paris, 2, 76 - 84." type="journal article" year="1815">Lamarck, 1815</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |