143 lines
16 KiB
XML
143 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="265D20C6F3E0D55CC5AD68EC4B4DB0B5">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="295110DB2424CB0A81D4715273F42457">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D093BA0B6A6E012E193DF8C5BC8FD241">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3710E514172E9D4E6019E5435C0DDC89">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B29FF93FF56FF6EFF1CFC97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639535" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639535" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B29FF93FF56FF6EFF1CFC97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B29FF93FF56FF6EFF1CFC97" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B29FF93FF56FF6EFDDAFF7E" box="[151,548,151,178]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B29FF93FF56FF6EFDDAFF7E" blockId="63.[151,548,151,178]" box="[151,548,151,178]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B29FF93FF56FF6EFDDAFF7E" bold="true" box="[151,548,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B29FF93FF56FF6EFDDAFF7E" ID-CoL="3ZQ3T" authority="Grasshoff, 1999" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,548,151,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kouare">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FF56FF6EFDDAFF7E" bold="true" box="[151,548,151,178]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FF56FF6EFEA9FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,343,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Menella kouare</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B29FF93FE9FFF6EFDDAFF7E" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[350,548,151,177]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B29FF93FF56FF25FCA3FEF3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B29FF93FF56FF25FC42FF3B" blockId="63.[151,956,219,244]" box="[151,956,219,244]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B29FF93FF56FF25FC42FF3B" box="[151,956,219,244]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B29FF93FF56FF25FDF9FF3C" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,519,219,244]" page="55" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B29FF93FF56FF25FDF9FF3C" ID-CoL="3ZQ3T" authority="Grasshoff, 1999: 55" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,519,219,244]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Menella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kouare">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FF56FF25FEC8FF3B" box="[151,310,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Menella kouare</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B29FF93FEFDFF25FDF9FF3C" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[316,519,219,244]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999: 55</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 92–95, pl. 5, fig. 4 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B29FF93FCCCFF25FC4FFF3B" box="[781,945,220,244]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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).
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B29FF93FF56FEDBFCA3FEF3" blockId="63.[151,861,290,316]" box="[151,861,290,316]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Opinion: There is no evidence this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B29FF93FF56FE93FF1CFC97" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B29FF93FF56FE93FED7FE4B" blockId="63.[151,1436,362,461]" box="[151,297,362,388]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B29FF93FF06FE77FC7BFE03" blockId="63.[151,1436,362,461]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FF06FE77FC4DFE67" box="[199,947,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B29FF93FC07FE77FB29FE67" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[966,1239,398,424]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FBDCFE76FBACFE67" box="[1053,1106,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 66
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 30, fig. A–E (Havelock);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B29FF93FEE5FE4BFDB8FE03" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[292,582,434,460]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FE54FE4AFE38FE03" box="[405,454,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 141
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 65, fig A–E (Havelock).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B29FF93FF06FE02FF1CFC97" blockId="63.[151,1436,506,856]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FF06FE02FE64FDDB" box="[199,410,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The accounts given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B29FF93FD66FE03FC71FDDB" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[679,911,506,532]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FD3AFE02FCD5FDDB" box="[763,811,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B29FF93FC05FE03FB45FDDB" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[964,1211,506,532]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FBF2FE02FB9AFDDB" box="[1075,1124,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are identical but the exact characters of the material described are uncertain as virtually all of the description is taken word-for-word from that given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B29FF93FEF2FDBBFE08FD93" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[307,502,578,604]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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. This has resulted in the text stating their specimen has “long ascending branches” when there is only one such branch. It is important to note that the components of the polyp armature illustrated by these authors is quite different from the very characteristic, short, club-like point sclerites and thick collaret sclerites found in the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B29FF93FEE2FD57FE77FD07" box="[291,393,686,712]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. Also, the surface sclerites in the Indian publications are stated to be less than
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B29FF93FB2AFD57FAAEFD07" box="[1259,1360,686,713]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
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, so the figure scale must be wrong as it has the maximum size at about
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<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B29FF93FC9AFD2BFC3FFD23" box="[859,961,722,748]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
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, and none of the illustrated leafscales have a thin, finely denticulate upper margin as is common in those of the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B29FF93FC58FD0FFC01FCDF" box="[921,1023,758,784]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. This species is probably endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B29FF93FF56FCE3FEB9FCFB" box="[151,327,794,820]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B29FF93FE90FCE3FDD2FCFA" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[337,556,794,821]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B29FF93FE65FCE2FE2BFCFB" box="[420,469,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just lists the species and figure the colony from the 2014 and 2017 publications above.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |