147 lines
16 KiB
XML
147 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="01E53EA2417FFAC2BB165389BDE7EBE9">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A533E872A6799AE00EA9AFDB6847EDA">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41601A5B2124B9009C46EBB9568606D2">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3463D77EB57C340F876B0F9B32E6DD52">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B0BFFB2FF56F9A0FD53FED2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639382" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B0BFFB2FF56F9A0FD53FED2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B0BFFB2FF56F9A0FD53FED2" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B0BFFB1FF56F9A0FDBEF9BC" box="[151,576,1625,1652]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0BFFB1FF56F9A0FDBEF9BC" blockId="29.[151,576,1625,1652]" box="[151,576,1625,1652]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B0BFFB1FF56F9A0FDBEF9BC" bold="true" box="[151,576,1625,1652]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B0BFFB1FF56F9A0FDBEF9BC" ID-CoL="3ZKLK" authority="(Grasshoff, 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Grasshoff" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[151,576,1625,1652]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Melithaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ouvea">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FF56F9A0FDBEF9BC" bold="true" box="[151,576,1625,1652]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FF56F9A0FE9FF9BB" bold="true" box="[151,353,1625,1652]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Melithaea ouvea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0BFFB1FEAEF9A0FDC6F9BC" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[367,568,1625,1651]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B0BFFB1FF56F967FC70F931" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0BFFB1FF56F967FC71F979" blockId="29.[151,911,1694,1718]" box="[151,911,1694,1718]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B0BFFB1FF56F967FC71F979" box="[151,911,1694,1718]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B0BFFB1FF56F967FDF4F979" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,522,1694,1718]" page="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B0BFFB1FF56F967FDF4F979" ID-CoL="8NN3" authority="Grasshoff, 1999: 10" authorityName="Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,522,1694,1718]" class="Anthozoa" family="Melithaeidae" genus="Acabaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ouvea">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FF56F967FEC6F979" box="[151,312,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Acabaria ouvea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0BFFB1FEFEF967FDF4F979" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[319,522,1694,1718]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff, 1999: 10</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 10; pl. 2, fig. 4 (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B0BFFB1FD20F967FC7AF979" box="[737,900,1694,1718]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0BFFB1FF56F91DFC70F931" blockId="29.[151,910,1764,1791]" box="[151,910,1764,1791]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B0BFFB2FF56F8D5FD53FED2" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0BFFB1FF56F8D5FED7F889" blockId="29.[151,1436,1836,1935]" box="[151,297,1836,1862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0BFFB1FF06F8A9FBD3F841" blockId="29.[151,1436,1836,1935]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FF06F8A9FC4DF8A5" box="[199,947,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0BFFB1FC07F8A8FB26F8A4" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[966,1240,1872,1899]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FBDCF8A8FBACF8A5" box="[1053,1106,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014a: 92
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 43, fig. A–E (Middle Andaman);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0BFFB1FEBDF88DFD6EF840" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[380,656,1908,1935]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FE2CF88CFDE0F841" box="[493,542,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 35
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 13, fig. A–E (Middle Andaman).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B0BFFB2FF06F844FD53FED2" blockId="29.[151,1436,1980,2043]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FF06F844FE62F819" box="[199,412,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The descriptions given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0BFFB1FD1BF844FC34F818" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K." box="[730,970,1980,2007]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref103651" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., Sreeraj, C. R. & Venkataraman, K. (2014 a) Handbook on Gorgonians (Octocorallia) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 119 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FCF0F844FC9DF819" box="[817,867,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B0BFFB1FBC2F845FAFCF818" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1027,1282,1980,2007]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B0BFFB1FBB4F844FB56F819" box="[1141,1192,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are identical, but it is impossible to know the true characteristics of their specimen as much of the description is taken word-forword from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B08FFB2FED2FF6EFE2AFF7E" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[275,468,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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. Nevertheless, the small sclerites illustrated by these authors bear no resemblance to the robust, unilaterally, complexly tuberculated spindles shown by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B08FFB2FC9CFF42FBE2FF1A" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[861,1052,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref101429" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1999) The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 78 (1 / 2), 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1999">Grasshoff (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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for the
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||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B08FFB2FBB4FF42FB25FF1A" box="[1141,1243,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. Also, the colony shown by those authors is bushy while the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B08FFB2FD4BFF26FD12FF36" box="[650,748,223,249]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is planar.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B08FFB2FCA4FF26FBB5FF36" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K." box="[869,1099,222,249]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="15 - 33" refId="ref103709" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Raghunathan, C. & Venkataraman, K. (2015) Abundance of shallow water octocorals in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. In: Venkataraman, K. & Sivaperuman, C. (Eds.), Marine faunal diversity in India: taxonomy, ecology and conservation. London Academic Press, London, pp. 15 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 801948 - 1.00002 - 1" type="book chapter" year="2015">
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||
Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B08FFB2FC7DFF26FC0EFF36" box="[956,1008,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
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. (2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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just lists the species, as does
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B08FFB2FF56FEFAFE88FED2" author="Kumar, J. S. Y. & Geetha, S. & Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R." box="[151,374,259,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1344 - 1350" refId="ref103415" refString="Kumar, J. S. Y., Geetha, S., Raghunathan, C. & Sornaraj, R. (2019) New report of Melithaea delicata Hickson, 1905 (subclass: oOctocorallia) from Little Andaman Island, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 48 (9), 1344 - 1350." type="journal article" year="2019">
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Kumar
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B08FFB2FF2DFEFAFEDAFED2" box="[236,292,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
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(2019)
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</bibRefCitation>
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along with a colony image.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
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