231 lines
29 KiB
XML
231 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="34AB74F2F19850CE48D343B33CFB1535">Geomyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1567C09F35C0B95BC1E0EFF42687D2B3">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5E5CCD20785C27B352B52B4C63B25482">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41CCB9CB78107741E5861985B5E420B8">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="F0304A9EE755F38633D520B89C9D9E0C">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:title id="AE2DB8B3B124C204FE47053CA7FE49A4">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0131878A0724FF8BFF9AF2E86D4E4AC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603711" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195708600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0131878A0724FF8BFF9AF2E86D4E4AC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0131878A0724FF8BFF9AF2E86D4E4AC1" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFF9AF2E86BAE4B3D" box="[105,161,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFF9AF2E86BAE4B3D" blockId="8.[101,1008,3345,3471]" box="[105,161,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="D26F81F00724FF8BFF9AF2E86BAE4B3D" box="[105,161,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<figureCitation id="11A32A190724FF8BFF9AF2E86BAE4B3D" box="[105,161,3345,3391]" captionStart="Plate 12: Geomyidae" captionStartId="2.[97,127,3289,3314]" captionTargetBox="[13,2733,15,3642]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Mountain Pocket Gopher (Thomomys monticola), 2. Western Pocket Gopher (Thomomys mazama), 3. Idaho Pocket Gopher (Thomomys idahoensis), 4. Wyoming Pocket Gopher (Thomomys clusius), 5. Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys talpoides), 6. Camas Pocket Gopher (Thomomys bulbrvorus), 7. Townsend’s Pocket Gopher (Thomomys townsendii), 8. Southern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys umbrinus), 9. Sierra Madre Occidental Pocket Gopher (Thomomys sheldoni), 10. Black-and-Brown Pocket Gopher (Thomomys atrovarius), 11. Nayar Pocket Gopher (Thomomys nayarensis), 12. Botta’s Pocket Gopher (Thomomys bottae), 13. Plains Pocket Gopher (Geomys bursarius), 14. Hall's Pocket Gopher (Geomys jugossicularis), 15. Sand Hills Pocket Gopher (Geomys lutescens), 16. Desert Pocket Gopher (Geomys arenarius), 17. Jones's Pocket Gopher (Geomys knoxjonesi), 18. Attwater’s Pocket Gopher (Geomys attwateri), 19. Texas Pocket Gopher (Geomys personatus), 20. Strecker’s Pocket (Gopher Geomysstreckeri), 21. Tropical Pocket Gopher (Geomys tropicalis), 22. Llano Pocket Gopher (Geomys texensis), 23. Baird's Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps), 24. South-eastern Pocket Gopher (Geomys pinetis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6603899/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">13.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFF42F2E8697A4B3D" box="[177,629,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFF42F2E8697A4B3D" blockId="8.[101,1008,3345,3471]" box="[177,629,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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||
<heading id="D26F81F00724FF8BFF42F2E8697A4B3D" box="[177,629,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<vernacularName id="079B46B20724FF8BFF42F2E8697A4B3D" box="[177,629,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Plains Pocket Gopher</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFD4CF2E868E04B3D" box="[703,1007,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFD4CF2E868E04B3D" blockId="8.[101,1008,3345,3471]" box="[703,1007,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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||
<heading id="D26F81F00724FF8BFD4CF2E868E04B3D" box="[703,1007,3345,3391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFD4CF2E868E04B3D" ID-CoL="3FQBV" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[703,1007,3345,3391]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bursarius">
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<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFD4CF2E868E04B3D" box="[703,1007,3345,3391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Geomys bursarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFF94F2A869A24B8C" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFF94F2A8689D4B64" blockId="8.[101,1008,3345,3471]" box="[103,914,3409,3430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="D26F81F00724FF8BFF94F2A8689D4B64" box="[103,914,3409,3430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFF94F2A86BBD4B64" bold="true" box="[103,178,3409,3430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="079B46B20724FF8BFF48F2A86A3F4B64" box="[187,304,3409,3430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Gaufre brun</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFEB6F2A86AAF4B64" bold="true" box="[325,416,3409,3430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="079B46B20724FF8BFE59F2A869854B64" box="[426,650,3409,3430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Flachland-Taschenratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFD6CF2A869F54B64" bold="true" box="[671,762,3409,3430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="079B46B20724FF8BFD0CF2A8689D4B64" box="[767,914,3409,3430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Tuza de llanura</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFF95F28069A24B8C" blockId="8.[101,1008,3345,3471]" box="[102,685,3449,3470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="D26F81F00724FF8BFF95F28069A24B8C" box="[102,685,3449,3470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFF95F2806A524B8C" bold="true" box="[102,349,3449,3470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="079B46B20724FF8BFE9BF28069A24B8C" box="[360,685,3449,3470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Mississippi Valley Pocket Gopher</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BF847FEED610D4737" box="[1972,2562,276,309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BF847FEED610D4737" blockId="8.[1972,2567,276,703]" box="[1972,2562,276,309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BF847FEED63404737" bold="true" box="[1972,2127,276,309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF79EFEED62F14737" authority="Shaw, 1800" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[2157,2558,276,309]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bursarius">Mus bursarius Shaw, 1800</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BF845FEC2628E4423" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BF845FEC2628E4423" blockId="8.[1972,2567,276,703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<materialsCitation id="39F03CC10724FF8BF845FEC2628E4423" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3799834335" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">“taken from Indian hunters in the upper parts of Interior Canada.” Restricted by C. H. Merriam in 1895 to “somewhere in Upper Mississippi [River] Valley” and M. H. Swenk in 1939 to “Elk River, Sherburne County, Minnesota,” USA.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BF845FDD16273444B" box="[1974,2428,552,585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BF845FDD16273444B" blockId="8.[1972,2567,276,703]" box="[1974,2428,552,585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Eight subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BF845FDB6634A4249" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DDE766140724FF8BF845FDB6634A4249" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6603837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6603837/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" targetBox="[1359,1949,287,700]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BF845FDB662494472" blockId="8.[1972,2567,276,703]" box="[1974,2374,591,624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BF845FDB662494472" bold="true" box="[1974,2374,591,624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BF849FD8362C544EA" blockId="8.[1972,2567,276,703]" lastBlockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF849FD8362C544EA" authority="Shaw, 1800" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bursarius" subSpecies="bursarius">G.b.bursariusShaw,1800—extremeSManitoba,Canada,andmostofMinnesotaandadjacentpartsofNorthDakota,SouthDakota,andNWWisconsin,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA5FD1762F7450D" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" box="[1366,2552,750,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFAA5FD1762F7450D" authority="Komarek & Spencer, 1931" authorityName="Komarek & Spencer" authorityYear="1931" box="[1366,2552,750,783]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bursarius" subSpecies="illinoensis">G.b.illinoensisKomarek&Spencer,1931—CIllinoisandadjacentNWIndiana,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA5FCE26325453A" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" box="[1366,2090,795,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFAA5FCE26325453A" authority="Villa & Hall, 1947" authorityName="Villa & Hall" authorityYear="1947" box="[1366,2090,795,824]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bursarius" subSpecies="industrius">G.b.industriusVilla&Hall,1947—SWKansas,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA5FCBC6E96458A" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFAA5FCBC6E96458A" authority="Davis, 1940" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bursarius" subSpecies="major">G.b.majorDavis,1940—SCKansas,COklahoma,andNTexasintoECNewMexico,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA4FC696D4C45D4" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFAA4FC696D4C45D4" authority="Swenk, 1939" authorityName="Swenk" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bursarius" subSpecies="majusculus">G.b.majusculusSwenk,1939—IowaandadjacentpartsofENebraska,NEKansas,andNMissouri,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA4FC1D636445FF" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" box="[1367,2155,996,1021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFAA4FC1D636445FF" authority="McLaughlin, 1958" authorityName="McLaughlin" authorityYear="1958" box="[1367,2155,996,1021]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bursarius" subSpecies="missouriensis">G.b.missouriensisMcLaughlin,1958—ECMissouri,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA4FBFE63394226" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" box="[1367,2102,1031,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFAA4FBFE63394226" authority="Elrod et al., 2000" authorityName="Elrod, Zimmerman, Sudman & Heidt" authorityYear="2000" box="[1367,2102,1031,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bursarius" subSpecies="ozarkensis">G.b.ozarkensisElrodetal.,2000—NCArkansas,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAABFBD7634A4249" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" box="[1368,2117,1070,1099]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFAABFBD76C174249" authority="Jackson, 1957" authorityName="Jackson" authorityYear="1957" box="[1368,1816,1070,1099]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Geomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bursarius" subSpecies="wisconsinensis">G. b. wisconsinensis Jackson, 1957</taxonomicName>
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— W Wisconsin, USA.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFAA7FBA96DF443D5" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA7FBA96DF443D5" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFAA7FBA96D414273" bold="true" box="[1364,1614,1104,1137]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 135-235 mm, tail 60-120 mm; weight 120-250 g. Male Plains Pocket Gophers are usually larger than females. They show clinal variation in body size, with larger individuals in the north and smaller individuals in the south. The Plains Pocket
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF9EEFB3E6D8542EA" box="[1565,1674,1223,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopher" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gopher</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a fusiform body shape typical of all pocket gophers, and it possesses fur-lined cheek pouches that open external to the mouth. Color of dorsal pelage varies widely, from light buff, through various shades of brown,to black. Some individuals have small patches of white fur, and albino individuals have been reported. Anterior surface of each upper incisor has a large medial groove flanked by a smaller groove located along the inner margin of the tooth. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 70 or 72 and FN = 68-74.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFAA5FA22634E40C0" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA5FA22634E40C0" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFAA5FA226ECA43FE" bold="true" box="[1366,1477,1499,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Wide variety of open habitats ranging from tall-grass prairies to native and non-native grasslands and urban park settings. Populations of Plains Pocket
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF66DF9FB61044021" box="[2462,2571,1538,1571]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopher" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gopher</taxonomicName>
|
||
also are known from oak-hickory savannas, mesquite prairies, and patches of deciduous forest surrounded by prairie habitats. Habitat preferences appear to be based more on soil type than vegetation, with individuals avoiding soils with less than 40% sand content or more than 30% clay and silt content.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFAABF93E6D224F3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAABF93E6D224F3B" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFAABF93E6D5240EA" bold="true" box="[1368,1629,1735,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Plains Pocket Gopheris a feeding generalist, and its diet consists of roots, tubers, stems, and leaves of most plants available within the vicinity of its burrow system. Stomachs of pocket gophers collected in Minnesota contained 94% grasses and 6% forbs, dominated by true grasses such as bromus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF705F8C46285415C" box="[2294,2442,1853,1886]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Bromus sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
), crested wheatgrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF9F0F8916DB84187" box="[1539,1719,1896,1925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agropyron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Agropyron sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
), oats (Avenasp.), bluegrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF7A4F89163B64187" box="[2135,2233,1896,1925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Poa sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and fleabane (Lrigeron sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFA7DF86D6D2341AF" box="[1422,1580,1940,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In Illinois, the Plains Pocket
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF826F86D634D41AF" box="[2005,2114,1940,1965]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopher" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gopher</taxonomicName>
|
||
commonly feeds on sweet clover (Melilotusofficinalis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF981F84E6DF641D6" authorityName="Lindley & John" authorityYear="1830" box="[1650,1785,1975,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), alfalfa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF88FF84E6CF741D6" box="[1916,2040,1975,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Medicago</taxonomicName>
|
||
sativa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF7AEF84E63EB41D6" authorityName="Lindley & John" authorityYear="1830" box="[2141,2276,1975,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), bluegrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF665F84E62F641D6" box="[2454,2553,1975,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Poa sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and dandelions (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF9B8F8226C0141FE" box="[1611,1806,2011,2044]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Taraxacum sp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF8ECF8226CB141FE" box="[1823,1982,2011,2044]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Food stores recovered from one burrow system in eastern Kansas, contained only tubers of sunflowers (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF706F7F262894E26" box="[2293,2438,2059,2084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Helianthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
tuberosus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BFAAAF7D06EF84E48" box="[1369,1527,2089,2122]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and food stores in a nearby burrow system were composed entirely of exotic Johnson grass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF969F7A86C014E70" box="[1690,1806,2129,2162]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sorghum</taxonomicName>
|
||
halepense,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF856F7A863114E70" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1957,2078,2129,2162]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Plains Pocket
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF6BEF7A862B54E70" box="[2381,2490,2129,2162]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopher" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gopher</taxonomicName>
|
||
readily invades cultivated fields and is considered an agricultural pest whereverit occurs in contact with humans. As in all other pocket gophers, the burrow system is a series of shallow feeding tunnels radiating spoke-like from a deeper, central network that contains one or more nest chambers and several smaller chambersfor storage of food or fecal pellets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFAA8F6C46E9D4C76" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA8F6C46E9D4C76" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFAA8F6C46EEE4F5C" bold="true" box="[1371,1505,2365,2398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Timing and duration of breeding of the Plains Pocket
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF6F3F6C462624F5C" box="[2304,2413,2365,2398]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopher" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gopher</taxonomicName>
|
||
vary across its distribution. Pregnant females have been captured almost year-round (January—November) in Texas, but further north (Minnesota), pregnant females have been captured only in April-May. Gestation is ¢.30 days. Females have one, occasionally two, litters per year; each litter contains 1-6 young. Young weigh c.5 g at birth and are born naked with eyes, ears, and cheek pouches closed. Eyes open at c.3 weeks, and they are weaned 4-5 weeks after birth. Females are reproductively mature at c¢.12 months of age.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFAA8F5816D5C4D13" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAA8F5816D5C4D13" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFAA8F5816D474C9B" bold="true" box="[1371,1608,2680,2713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Plains Pocket
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E984D1F0724FF8BF892F5816CC24C9B" box="[1889,1997,2680,2713]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopher" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gopher</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be active at any hour of the day but generally shows a bimodal pattern of activity, with peak periods of activity at night (22:00-06:00 h) and early afternoon (13:00-17:00 h). It does not hibernate and is active year-round.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFAAEF4EC62054A26" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAAEF4EC62054A26" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFAAEF4EC631E4D34" bold="true" box="[1373,2065,2837,2870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Plains Pocket Gopheris solitary and aggressively territorial. Because it rarely leaves its burrow system, its home range is defined by size and extent of its burrow system. Home ranges vary from c.34 m? in Kansas to 292 m? in Arkansas. Density varies widely and is related to habitat quality. In Texas, densities range from 1-3 ind/ha in pastureland to almost 19 ind/ha in hayfields. Average densities in Arkansas are 4-60 ind/ha depending on quality of the habitat. In most populations studied, females were ¢.65% of adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFAACF3D362764A49" box="[1375,2425,3114,3147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFAACF3D362764A49" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" box="[1375,2425,3114,3147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFAACF3D36DB44A49" bold="true" box="[1375,1723,3114,3147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C18265170724FF8BFA93F3A36D4E4AC1" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8927369C0724FF8BFA93F3A36D4E4AC1" blockId="8.[1363,2579,719,3267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<emphasis id="BBECEA8E0724FF8BFA93F3A36EF74A71" bold="true" box="[1376,1528,3162,3187]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Chambers et al. (2009), Connior (2011), Genoways et al. (2008), Jolley et al. (2000), Linzey & NatureServe (Hammerson) (20080), Merriam (1895), Patton (2005b), Swenk (1939), Tucker & Schmidly (1981), Zimmerman (1999a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |