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<document id="06A3F24329D8A28EC1E490144359A6C3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0cef7fa5-f64d-4988-b1b1-104c36ae02a2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237836" ID-ZooBank="26251DCD-0660-4E4A-B5D1-FDC05BCFBE0F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461054300067" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T. &amp; Carpenter, James M." docDate="2015" docId="1925031BFF953E21A1BBB78A174CFDAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03956p182.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3956 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Protopolybia similis Santos, Silveira &amp; Carpenter, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="E51C7B63FF9F3E2DA12CB53E136BFF90" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 and taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia exigua species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), with description of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1698580667324" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FE2EBFE740A9C7AB7D0EF42A08A202C2">Phylogeny of Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 and taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia exigua species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), with description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6028734C56DE00100D0160C60771E429">Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5839407BACC85F61D7FD76CE0FCEDCC7">Silveira, Orlando T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C94405963013B7064333B7C96517F50B">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CF2C415D2B7E8DB6464C5A094DA01E5B">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="1925031BFF953E21A1BBB78A174CFDAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6104366" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612695" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6104366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1925031BFF953E21A1BBB78A174CFDAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1925031BFF953E21A1BBB78A174CFDAD" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF953E27A1BBB78A12A5FD7F" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF953E27A1BBB78A1008FD5E" blockId="10.[151,867,692,751]" box="[151,867,692,718]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="CA7B0561FF953E27A1BBB78A1008FD5E" bold="true" box="[151,867,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF953E27A1BBB78A1008FD5E" bold="true" box="[151,867,692,718]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF953E27A1BBB78A1193FD5E" authority="Santos, Silveira &amp; Carpenter" authorityName="Santos, Silveira &amp; Carpenter" box="[151,760,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF953E27A1BBB78A12ECFD5E" bold="true" box="[151,391,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Protopolybia similis</emphasis>
Santos, Silveira &amp; Carpenter
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CBD364FF953E27A229B78A1008FD5E" box="[773,867,692,718]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF953E27A1BBB7E812A5FD7F" blockId="10.[151,867,692,751]" box="[151,462,726,751]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
(
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A1B3B7E81222FD7F" box="[159,329,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[216,1374,194,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[211,1375,193,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51. Protopolybia similis sp. nov.; 48, 50, 52. P. potiguara sp. nov. Oc, occipital carina; Prp, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Figs 47, 49, 51</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A079B7E912F6FD7F" box="[341,413,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[362,1226,203,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[349,1238,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76. Protopolybia exigua; 70, 77. P. diligens; 71, 78. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 72, 79. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 73, 80. P. similis sp. nov.; 74, 81. P. holoxantha; 75, 82. P. scutellaris. 69 75. Parameres of male genitalia (Apa, apical angle). 76 82. Volsella of male genitalia in lateral view (digitus highlighted in gray). Scale 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237842/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">73, 80</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A085B7E912ADFD7F" box="[425,454,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 83 93. 83" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1641,1664]" captionTargetBox="[367,1222,200,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[340,1248,193,1621]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83 93. 83. Protopolybia exigua; 84. P. diligens; 85. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 86. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 87. P. similis sp. nov.; 88. P. holoxantha; 89 P. scutellaris; 90. P. bituberculata; 91. P. sedula; 92. P. bella; 93. P. nitida. Aedeagus in lateral and dorsal views. Scale 0, 2 mm. Par, preapical region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237843/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">87</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF953E27A1BBB62010F1FCA4" box="[151,922,798,821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF953E27A1BBB62010F1FCA4" blockId="10.[151,922,798,821]" box="[151,922,798,821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B19C9523FF953E27A1BBB62010F1FCA4" box="[151,922,798,821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF953E27A1BBB6201119FCA4" ID-CoL="4N6P8" authority="Richards 1978: 138" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,626,798,821]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF953E27A1BBB62012F7FCA5" box="[151,412,798,821]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Protopolybia minutissima</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF953E27A086B6201119FCA4" author="Richards" box="[426,626,798,820]" page="138" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF953E27A086B620112BFCA4" author="Richards" box="[426,576,798,820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 138
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 141 (part; misidentification)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF953E27A1BBB65F12D2FB9A" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF953E27A1BBB65F12D2FB9A" blockId="10.[151,1437,865,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF953E27A1BBB65F1261FCEA" bold="true" box="[151,266,865,890]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Length of fore wing
<quantity id="56741FE8FF953E27A320B65F110CFCE9" box="[524,615,865,890]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
; clypeus with ventral margin narrowly subtruncated (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A5E2B65F164EFCEA" box="[1230,1317,865,890]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[216,1374,194,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[211,1375,193,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51. Protopolybia similis sp. nov.; 48, 50, 52. P. potiguara sp. nov. Oc, occipital carina; Prp, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
); occipital carina extending to insertion of mandibles (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A3A0B6BB1188FC0E" box="[652,739,901,926]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[216,1374,194,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[211,1375,193,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51. Protopolybia similis sp. nov.; 48, 50, 52. P. potiguara sp. nov. Oc, occipital carina; Prp, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
); propodeum with posterior face projecting symmetrically to either side of median groove forming two moderately high protuberances (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A2D4B6971725FC52" box="[1016,1102,937,962]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[216,1374,194,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[211,1375,193,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51. Protopolybia similis sp. nov.; 48, 50, 52. P. potiguara sp. nov. Oc, occipital carina; Prp, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
); T1 with short basal petiole armed with paired obtuse wing-like processes; posterior portion of ventral process of aedeagus with small projecting point (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A074B6CF12C6FB9A" box="[344,429,1009,1034]" captionStart="FIGURES 83 93. 83" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1641,1664]" captionTargetBox="[367,1222,200,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[340,1248,193,1621]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83 93. 83. Protopolybia exigua; 84. P. diligens; 85. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 86. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 87. P. similis sp. nov.; 88. P. holoxantha; 89 P. scutellaris; 90. P. bituberculata; 91. P. sedula; 92. P. bella; 93. P. nitida. Aedeagus in lateral and dorsal views. Scale 0, 2 mm. Par, preapical region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237843/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF953E26A1EBB12B10DAF828" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF953E27A1EBB12B16F7FAE2" blockId="10.[151,1437,865,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF953E27A1EBB12B123AFBBE" bold="true" box="[199,337,1045,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Description</emphasis>
. FEMALE. Length of fore wing
<quantity id="56741FE8FF953E27A22AB12B1001FBBD" box="[774,874,1045,1070]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
; clypeus narrow (HClp=1.17; MxWClp=1.19; TeW=0.87; MiWClp
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF953E27A0AFB10712F8FBC2" bold="true" box="[387,403,1081,1106]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">=</emphasis>
<quantity id="56741FE8FF953E27A0BFB1041296FBC2" box="[403,509,1082,1106]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
), ventral margin narrowly subtruncated (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A2F8B1071740FBC2" box="[980,1067,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[216,1374,194,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[211,1375,193,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51. Protopolybia similis sp. nov.; 48, 50, 52. P. potiguara sp. nov. Oc, occipital carina; Prp, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
); tentorial pit closer to antennal socket than to eye margin; interantennal area narrow, approximately equal to diameter of antennal socket; mandibles relatively elongated, with length 0.64 × distance between eyes on vertex; occipital carina extending to insertion of mandibles (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A08AB19B1296FB2E" box="[422,509,1189,1214]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[216,1374,194,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[211,1375,193,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51. Protopolybia similis sp. nov.; 48, 50, 52. P. potiguara sp. nov. Oc, occipital carina; Prp, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
); pronotal carina obtuse, visible laterally; pronotal fovea distinct; mesoscutum as long as wide; mesepisternal groove absent; scrobal groove abbreviated; scutellum with marked median line; metanotum triangular, with length of median axis 0.71 × width of central disk; metanotal lobe elongated with apex slightly rounded; propodeum with narrow median groove and with posterior face projecting symmetrically to either side of median groove, forming two moderately high protuberances (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF953E27A2CDB00B1757FADE" box="[993,1084,1333,1358]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[216,1374,194,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[211,1375,193,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 47 52. 47, 49, 51. Protopolybia similis sp. nov.; 48, 50, 52. P. potiguara sp. nov. Oc, occipital carina; Prp, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
); propodeal valves wide and triangular; T1 with short basal petiole armed with paired obtuse wing-like processes; T1 notably narrower than T2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF953E27A1EBB0401184FA4E" blockId="10.[151,1437,865,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Frons and mesoscutum finely reticulated; anterior margin of scutellum with fine punctures; posterior margin of T3T5 finely punctate; ventral margin of clypeus with elongated bristles; eyes glabrous; propodeum with elongated bristles near of propodeal muscle insertion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF953E27A1EBB0D7138DF94A" blockId="10.[151,1437,865,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Black, with few yellow spots; antennal articles dorsally black, scape almost completely brown; mandibles yellow to brown; clypeus with yellow V-shaped mark, mark on inner and outer orbit not extending to vertex and occiput, interantenal area with two small oblique spots, yellow; vertex black; pronotal fovea yellow, pronotal carina black, rarely yellow; mesoscutum black; tegulae almost completely yellow; mesepisternum with yellow mark; scutellum almost completely yellow; metanotum black; propodeum with pared dorsal marks, basal spots and distal band on T1, T2 and T3 with distal band, yellow; T4 and T5 black; coxae partially yellow; wings hyaline, venation brown.</paragraph>
<caption id="C5F3E285FF943E26A1BBB355127AF930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237839/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" targetBox="[216,1374,194,1622]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF943E26A1BBB355127AF930" blockId="11.[151,1435,1643,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A1BBB355123AF911" bold="true" box="[151,337,1643,1666]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">FIGURES 4752</emphasis>
. 47, 49, 51.
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF943E26A0CDB35211D8F912" box="[481,691,1644,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A0CDB35211D8F912" box="[481,691,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Protopolybia similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CBD364FF943E26A391B3521079F911" box="[701,786,1644,1665]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A391B3521079F911" bold="true" box="[701,786,1644,1665]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 48, 50, 52.
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF943E26A288B353174EF912" box="[932,1061,1645,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potiguara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A288B353174EF912" box="[932,1061,1645,1666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">P. potiguara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CBD364FF943E26A503B35217EFF911" box="[1071,1156,1644,1665]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A503B35217EFF911" bold="true" box="[1071,1156,1644,1665]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A5A3B35217C7F911" box="[1167,1196,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Oc</emphasis>
, occipital carina;
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A45CB35316FDF912" box="[1392,1430,1645,1666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Prp</emphasis>
, propodeum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF943E26A1EBB3F610DAF828" blockId="11.[151,1436,1735,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
MALE. Length of fore wing
<quantity id="56741FE8FF943E26A332B3F61110F94F" box="[542,635,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
; eyes wide, strongly produced inwards; clypeus narrow, with golden bristles; ventral margin slightly produced and widely curved; tentorial pit closer to eye margin than to antennal socket; gena distinctly narrow; fore coxae yellow, mid coxae partially so. Parameral spine without elongated bristles; basal and apical angles of paramere widened (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF943E26A239B20D1009F8DC" box="[789,866,1843,1868]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[362,1226,203,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[349,1238,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76. Protopolybia exigua; 70, 77. P. diligens; 71, 78. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 72, 79. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 73, 80. P. similis sp. nov.; 74, 81. P. holoxantha; 75, 82. P. scutellaris. 69 75. Parameres of male genitalia (Apa, apical angle). 76 82. Volsella of male genitalia in lateral view (digitus highlighted in gray). Scale 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237842/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig.73</figureCitation>
); digitus anteriorly rounded, with few bristles on basal process (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF943E26A068B26912F6F8E0" box="[324,413,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1501,1524]" captionTargetBox="[362,1226,203,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[349,1238,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 69 82. 69, 76. Protopolybia exigua; 70, 77. P. diligens; 71, 78. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 72, 79. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 73, 80. P. similis sp. nov.; 74, 81. P. holoxantha; 75, 82. P. scutellaris. 69 75. Parameres of male genitalia (Apa, apical angle). 76 82. Volsella of male genitalia in lateral view (digitus highlighted in gray). Scale 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237842/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
); cuspis with few bristles; ventral process of aedeagus angular, not strongly projecting laterally, very sclerotized and with anterior margin slightly serrated; posterior portion of ventral process with pointed projection (
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF943E26A05FB2A112ADF828" box="[371,454,1951,1976]" captionStart="FIGURES 83 93. 83" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1641,1664]" captionTargetBox="[367,1222,200,1590]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[340,1248,193,1621]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 83 93. 83. Protopolybia exigua; 84. P. diligens; 85. P. collombiana sp. nov.; 86. P. clypeata sp. nov.; 87. P. similis sp. nov.; 88. P. holoxantha; 89 P. scutellaris; 90. P. bituberculata; 91. P. sedula; 92. P. bella; 93. P. nitida. Aedeagus in lateral and dorsal views. Scale 0, 2 mm. Par, preapical region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237843/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
); pre-apical region of aedeagus not angular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF943E21A1EBB2FD164AFF44" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF943E21A1EBB2FD164AFF44" blockId="11.[151,1436,1735,2012]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A1EBB2FD1218F84C" bold="true" box="[199,371,1987,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<typeStatus id="4E370CAFFF943E26A1EBB2FD1269F84C" box="[199,258,1987,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF943E26A0AAB2FD129FF84C" box="[390,500,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<typeStatus id="4E370CAFFF943E26A0AAB2FD129BF84C" box="[390,496,1987,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
</emphasis>
♀,
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF943E26A304B2FA1118F84B" box="[552,627,1988,2011]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">PERU</collectingCountry>
, San Ramon, Valle Chanchamayo
<quantity id="56741FE8FF943E26A53CB2FA1734F84B" box="[1040,1119,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="E53294CDFF943E26A55CB2FD178AF84C" box="[1136,1249,1987,2012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" value="1940-02-10">10.ii.1940</date>
(W. Weyrauch) (
<collectionCode id="F79D2AC8FF933E21A1B3B5A61390FF20" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[159,251,152,176]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">AMNH</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="4E370CAFFF933E21A022B5A712EBFF20" box="[270,384,153,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A022B5A712EBFF20" box="[270,384,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 59 ♀ (same data as
<typeStatus id="4E370CAFFF933E21A35EB5A911B2FF20" box="[626,729,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); 3 ♀,
<specimenCount id="878A7984FF933E21A204B5A6103DFF3F" box="[808,854,152,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, 1939 (UFRJ-MN).
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A510B5A9179AFF20" bold="true" box="[1084,1265,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Other material</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF933E21A42DB5A61626FF3F" box="[1281,1357,152,175]" name="Peru" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">PERU</collectingCountry>
: Junin, San Ramon, 60 ♀, Valle Chanchamayo
<quantity id="56741FE8FF933E21A379B58211FCFF44" box="[597,663,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="800.0">800m</quantity>
,
<date id="E53294CDFF933E21A38EB582107FFF45" box="[674,788,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="1940-02-10">10.ii.1940</date>
(W. Weyrauch) (
<collectionCode id="F79D2AC8FF933E21A2FFB5821744FF44" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[979,1071,188,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">AMNH</collectionCode>
); 3 ♀,
<specimenCount id="878A7984FF933E21A556B58217CDFF44" box="[1146,1190,188,212]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, (
<collectionCode id="F79D2AC8FF933E21A596B582167FFF44" box="[1210,1300,188,212]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF933E21A1EBB5E112C9FF67" box="[199,418,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF933E21A1EBB5E112C9FF67" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,573]" box="[199,418,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A1EBB5E11232FF68" bold="true" box="[199,345,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF933E21A04BB5DE12F5FF67" box="[359,414,224,247]" name="Peru" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF933E21A1EBB43A1217FE64" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF933E21A1EBB43A1217FE64" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A1EBB43A125FFE8D" bold="true" box="[199,308,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A06EB43A114FFE8D" box="[322,548,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A06EB43A114FFE8D" box="[322,548,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Protopolybia similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CBD364FF933E21A307B43A11EFFE8C" box="[555,644,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A307B43A112EFE8D" bold="true" box="[555,581,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A378B43A1115FE8D" bold="true" box="[596,638,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
presents coloration similar to
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A2F4B43B17EBFE8D" box="[984,1152,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collombiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A2F4B43B17EBFE8D" box="[984,1152,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">P. collombiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CBD364FF933E21A5AAB43B17A9FE8C" box="[1158,1218,261,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
However, it differs by having the pronotal prominence collinear with the fovea and the pronotal carina. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A5EBB419167BFED0" box="[1223,1296,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A5EBB419167BFED0" box="[1223,1296,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents the clypeus moderately widened and the propodeum with posterior face projecting symmetrically to either side of the median groove.
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF933E21A067B4511294FE18" author="Richards" box="[331,511,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A374B4511050FE18" box="[600,827,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A374B4511050FE18" box="[600,827,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Protopolybia similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A273B44F1718FE18" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[863,1139,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A273B44F176AFE18" box="[863,1025,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">P. minutissima</emphasis>
(Spinola)
</taxonomicName>
. However, they are not the same species, since
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A0A1B4AB1153FE3C" box="[397,568,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A0A1B4AB12F0FE3C" box="[397,411,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A09DB4AB1153FE3C" box="[433,568,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents the clypeus very narrow and not strongly projecting ventrally (
<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF933E21A1B2B486123FFE40" author="Carpenter" box="[158,340,440,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (2012) Notes on types of some American wasps in the Spinola Collection. Entomologica Americana, 117 (3,4), 121 - 126." type="journal article" year="2012">Carpenter 2012</bibRefCitation>
); the propodeum is gently convex around the narrow median groove, and the T1 without paired wing-like processes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF933E21A1EBB4C1174CFDAD" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF933E21A1EBB4C1174CFDAD" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A1EBB4C1122DFD88" bold="true" box="[199,326,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific name, from Latin
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A397B4C1106FFD88" box="[699,772,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A397B4C1106FFD88" box="[699,772,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means &quot;similar&quot; in allusion to the color pattern similar to that observed in
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A07DB71A111DFDAD" box="[337,630,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collombiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A07DB71A111DFDAD" box="[337,630,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Protopolybia collombiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8CBD364FF933E21A351B71A11BDFDAD" box="[637,726,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A351B71A11BDFDAD" bold="true" box="[637,726,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF933E21A221B71B1748FDAD" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[781,1059,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF933E21A221B71B10DBFDAC" box="[781,944,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">P. minutissima</emphasis>
(Spinola)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>