199 lines
22 KiB
XML
199 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6A1AECEDE4C16FF2871A8A2C853AC0EB">Phylogeny of Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 and taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia exigua species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), with description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B637194C7CD1AF40C9CB2D7EA0792975">Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E101CBE3B0EBB6CC3F0F4FED11CC9B01">Silveira, Orlando T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3EE0D31C811DD921F2A824966796F80A">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D10136D4F92D31B05830A472E0F4805D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="26BC0AFD72BBD7F623713A117141C5D8">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A9C035878412CBBD4C29FB9E3EE13531">3956</mods:number>
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<treatment id="1925031BFF923E22A1BBB211117DFDF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6104382" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612697" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6104382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1925031BFF923E22A1BBB211117DFDF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1925031BFF923E22A1BBB211117DFDF0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<subSubSection id="D996E186FF923E20A1BBB211123BF8FB" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1BBB21111E0F8DA" blockId="13.[151,651,1839,1899]" box="[151,651,1839,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<heading id="CA7B0561FF923E20A1BBB21111E0F8DA" bold="true" box="[151,651,1839,1866]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB21111E0F8DA" ID-CoL="4N6PG" authority="Bequaert, 1944" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,651,1839,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB21111E0F8DA" bold="true" box="[151,651,1839,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB21112ACF8D9" bold="true" box="[151,455,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia rubrithorax</emphasis>
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Bequaert, 1944
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1BBB26C123BF8FB" blockId="13.[151,651,1839,1899]" box="[151,336,1874,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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(
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<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF923E20A1B3B26C1223F8FB" box="[159,328,1874,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Figs 54, 56, 58</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D996E186FF923E23A1BBB2A61183FF40" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1BBB2A6119BF83E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1944,2035]" box="[151,752,1944,1966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB2A6110DF83E" ID-CoL="4N6PG" authority="Weyrauch 1943: 73" authorityName="Weyrauch" authorityPageNumber="73" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,614,1944,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB2A612F3F83E" box="[151,408,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia rubrithorax</emphasis>
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Weyrauch 1943: 73
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</taxonomicName>
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, nom. nudum
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9133B20DFF923E20A1BBB2841050F863" blockId="13.[151,1436,1944,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A1BBB28412F7F840" ID-CoL="4N6P8" box="[151,412,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutissima">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A1BBB28412F7F840" box="[151,412,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Protopolybia minutissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF923E20A08FB2851075F840" authority="Bequaert 1944a: 110" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="1944" box="[419,798,1978,2000]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="variety" variety="rubrithorax">
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var.
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF923E20A0E3B284112EF840" box="[463,581,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">rubrithorax</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF923E20A360B2851075F840" author="Bequaert" box="[588,798,1978,2000]" page="110" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" year="1944">
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<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF923E20A360B285119BF840" author="Bequaert" box="[588,752,1978,2000]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refString="Bequaert, J. (1944 a) A revision of Protopolybia Ducke, a genus of neotropical social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Revista de Entomologia, 15, 97 - 134." type="journal article" year="1944" yearSuffix="a">Bequaert 1944a</bibRefCitation>
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: 110
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="4E370CAFFF923E20A200B28410E1F840" box="[812,906,1978,2000]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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: ♀,
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<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF923E20A298B285108EF840" box="[948,997,1979,2000]" name="Peru" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, Tingo Maria, Rio Huallaga,
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<quantity id="56741FE8FF923E20A423B284163BF840" box="[1295,1360,1978,2000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
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(MCZ, Boston); (examined female specimens from the
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<typeStatus id="4E370CAFFF923E20A381B2E011B2F863" box="[685,729,2014,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
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locality).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9133B20DFF913E23A1BBB5A611CEFF3E" blockId="14.[151,744,152,208]" box="[151,677,152,174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B19C9523FF913E23A1BBB5A611CEFF3E" box="[151,677,152,174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF913E23A1BBB5A61106FF3E" ID-CoL="4N6PG" authority="Richards 1978: 138" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,621,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A1BBB5A612F3FF3E" box="[151,408,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Protopolybia rubrithorax</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF913E23A089B5A61106FF3E" author="Richards" box="[421,621,152,174]" page="138" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF913E23A089B5A61157FF3E" author="Richards" box="[421,572,152,174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 138
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 142.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF913E23A1BBB5841183FF40" blockId="14.[151,744,152,208]" box="[151,744,186,208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B19C9523FF913E23A1BBB5841183FF40" box="[151,744,186,208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF913E23A1BBB5841188FF40" authority="Carpenter & Wenzel 1989: 179" authorityName="Carpenter & Wenzel" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,739,186,208]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithoxar">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A1BBB58412F3FF40" box="[151,408,186,208]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Protopolybia rubrithoxar</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="102D941CFF913E23A089B5841188FF40" author="Carpenter" box="[421,739,186,208]" page="179" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="F51DCFFCFF913E23A089B58411DAFF40" author="Carpenter" box="[421,689,186,208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refString="Carpenter, J. M. & Wenzel, J. W. (1989) Synonymy of the genera Protopolybia and Pseudochartergus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). Psyche, 96, 177 - 186. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1989 / 82471" type="journal article" year="1989">Carpenter & Wenzel 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 179
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="C5F3E285FF913E23A1BBB35417D8F911" box="[151,1203,1642,1665]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" targetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="9133B20DFF913E23A1BBB35417D8F911" blockId="14.[151,1203,1642,1665]" box="[151,1203,1642,1665]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A1BBB3541226F910" bold="true" box="[151,333,1642,1665]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">FIGURES 53–58</emphasis>
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. 53, 55, 57.
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF913E23A0E0B35511A3F911" box="[460,712,1643,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holoxantha">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A0E0B35511A3F911" box="[460,712,1643,1665]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Protopolybia holoxantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 54, 56, 58.
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<taxonomicName id="568CC98EFF913E23A264B35210BDF911" box="[840,982,1643,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Protopolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrithorax">
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A264B35210BDF911" box="[840,982,1643,1665]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">P. rubrithorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A2CFB352176CF911" box="[995,1031,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Prc</emphasis>
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, pronotal carina.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="D996E186FF913E23A1BBB396126BF899" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9133B20DFF913E23A1BBB396126BF899" blockId="14.[151,1436,1704,2017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A1BBB3961261F951" bold="true" box="[151,266,1704,1729]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Length of fore wing
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<quantity id="56741FE8FF913E23A320B3961103F950" box="[524,616,1704,1729]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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; pronotum and mesoscutum reddish; ventral margin of clypeus broadly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF913E23A1DEB3F2122CF975" box="[242,327,1740,1765]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
); pronotal carina obtuse, distinctly produced backwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF913E23A2E4B3F21777F975" box="[968,1052,1740,1765]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
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||
); color predominantly dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF913E23A1B3B3CE1398F899" box="[159,243,1776,1801]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF913E22A1EBB22A1225FD88" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="9133B20DFF913E22A1EBB22A114EFE8C" blockId="14.[151,1436,1704,2017]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
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<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A1EBB22A1206F8BD" bold="true" box="[199,365,1812,1837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Redescription</emphasis>
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. FEMALE. Length of fore wing
|
||
<quantity id="56741FE8FF913E23A3C8B22A1056F8BC" box="[740,829,1812,1837]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; clypeus relatively wide (HClp=1.06; MxWClp=1.11; TeW=0.79; MiWClp
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF913E23A0AFB20612F8F8C1" bold="true" box="[387,403,1848,1873]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">=</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="56741FE8FF913E23A0BFB2061295F8C0" box="[403,510,1848,1873]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
|
||
), ventral margin broadly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF913E23A2AEB20610B2F8C1" box="[898,985,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
); tentorial pit closer to antennal socket than to eye margin; interantennal area narrow, approximately equal to diameter of antennal socket; mandibles relatively elongated, with length 0.70 × distance between eyes on vertex; antennal scape slightly curved; occipital carina distinct, extending for three forth of height of gena; pronotal carina obtuse, distinctly produced backwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF913E23A1B3B2F61396F871" box="[159,253,1992,2017]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
|
||
); pronotal fovea distinct, preceded by linear prominence; mesoscutum slightly wider than long; mesepisternal groove absent; scrobal groove abbreviated; scutellum with median line; metanotum moderately produced, with median axis approximately equal to width of central disk; metanotal lobe elongated with apex slightly pointed; propodeum gently convex around narrow median groove; T1 petiolate, its length 1.5 × width at apex; T1 notably narrower than T2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF903E22A1EBB416163DFE18" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Frons and mesoscutum finely reticulated; scutellum and metanotum with fine and sparse punctures; mesopleuron and metasomal segments impunctate; eyes glabrous; body almost completely with short bristles, with elongated bristles on ventral margin of clypeus, propodeum, metasomal petiole and last metasomal segment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF903E22A1EBB4AA1225FD88" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
|
||
Dark brown, with few yellow spots; antenna partially brown; mandibles yellow; clypeus with yellow V-shaped mark; mark on inner and outer orbit not extending to vertex and occiput; pronotum and mesoscutum reddish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09B7AE88FF903E22A443B4891267FE65" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1642,1665]" captionTargetBox="[205,1379,271,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1383,265,1621]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 58. 53, 55, 57. Protopolybia holoxantha; 54, 56, 58. P. rubrithorax. Prc, pronotal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237840/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 56 and 58</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal band on T1, two basal spots and distal band on T2; T4–T6 brown; legs brown; wings hyaline, venation brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF903E22A1EBB71A17F2FDAC" box="[199,1177,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF903E22A1EBB71A17F2FDAC" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,608]" box="[199,1177,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF903E22A1EBB71A12C2FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,425,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF903E22A09BB71B1168FDAC" box="[439,515,549,572]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Huánuco, Tingo Maria, 2 ♀,
|
||
<quantity id="56741FE8FF903E22A27EB71A10F2FDAC" box="[850,921,548,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="670.0">670 m</quantity>
|
||
(Weyrauch) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="F79D2AC8FF903E22A51FB71A17E6FDAC" box="[1075,1165,548,572]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D996E186FF903E22A1EBB779117DFDF0" box="[199,534,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9133B20DFF903E22A1EBB779117DFDF0" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,608]" box="[199,534,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F86E1FFF903E22A1EBB7791232FDF0" bold="true" box="[199,345,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E99BF29DFF903E22A04BB77612F4FDCF" box="[359,415,584,607]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Huánuco.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |