treatments-xml/data/E0/5B/87/E05B87D6FFC3FFA2FF43FC3D8EBEFAB3.xml

<document id="24D1CF05A8A29F117F5D6E9711C70F0C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.319945" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bab498f-550c-402a-b52e-e35b8880c5d4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="319945" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460283061334" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="De, Marcelo R., Sabaj, Mark H. &amp; Lovejoy, Nathan R." docDate="2011" docId="E05B87D6FFC3FFA2FF43FC3D8EBEFAB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02827p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2827" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Potamotrygon tigrina De, Sabaj &amp; Lovejoy, 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="1C62FFAEFFC1FFA9FFD4FF908D32FF81" masterDocTitle="Potamotrygon tigrina, a new species of freshwater stingray from the upper Amazon basin, closely related to Potamotrygon schroederi Fernandez-Yépez, 1958 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698249750480" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6FBEC4518365EED531BA064053D22B13">Potamotrygon tigrina, a new species of freshwater stingray from the upper Amazon basin, closely related to Potamotrygon schroederi Fernandez-Yépez, 1958 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="969376FD169DA46A2C5BE14CF71D26A5">De, Marcelo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C0C439D803F808183054DEBD5181BED">Sabaj, Mark H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C20ED42E6F1F524276BD710034DFCB75">Lovejoy, Nathan R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="E05B87D6FFC3FFA2FF43FC3D8EBEFAB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658663" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119397381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658663" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E05B87D6FFC3FFA2FF43FC3D8EBEFAB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E05B87D6FFC3FFA2FF43FC3D8EBEFAB3" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="20E8654BFFC3FFABFF43FC3D8C96FC66" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC3FFABFF43FC3D8CD9FC46" blockId="2.[151,491,941,999]" box="[151,491,941,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="330581ACFFC3FFABFF43FC3D8CD9FC46" bold="true" box="[151,491,941,967]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC3FFABFF43FC3D8CD9FC46" bold="true" box="[151,491,941,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC3FFABFF43FC3D8CA8FC46" ID-CoL="4M4RR" box="[151,410,941,967]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC3FFABFF43FC3D8CA8FC46" bold="true" box="[151,410,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC3FFABFE7DFC3D8CD9FC46" box="[425,491,941,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC3FFABFF43FC5F8C96FC66" blockId="2.[151,491,941,999]" box="[151,420,975,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC3FFABFF43FC5F8C2DFC66" box="[151,287,975,999]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1964,1987]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1630,1653]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1548,1571]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1878,1901]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,250,1101,1124]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1271,1942]" captionTargetBox-1="[271,1312,805,1947]" captionTargetBox-2="[174,1417,155,1617]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,805,1527]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,988,1863]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,1271,1942]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[271,1313,805,1948]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[174,1418,155,1617]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,805,1528]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[151,1436,988,1864]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (MUSM 39978, juvenile male, Río Nanay, near Iquitos, Peru; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Freshly captured holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., in dorsal view, showing live coloration (MUSM 39978, juvenile male, Río Nanay, near Iquitos, Peru; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Morphological details of holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. (MUSM 39978). A) Dorsal head and snout region. B) Nasoral region. C) Posterior disc and dorsal tail base region. D) Ventral view of pelvic fins. E) Posterior right side of disc, in dorsal view. F) Dorsal view of pelvic fins. Scale bars = 1 cm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Paratype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (ANSP 191988, preadult female, Peru, Departamento Loreto, Iquitos, Río Nanay; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW; specimen dry, color faded)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Details of the skeleton and dermal covering in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., from holotype (MUSM 39978, 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW). A) Splanchnocranium and scapular region (most of gill arches removed). B) Close-up of angular cartilage. C) Base of tail region showing arrangement of dorsal spines and denticles." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Morphological details of distal tail region in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., showing arrangement of dorsal tail spines, denticles, caudal stings, and vertebrae. A) MUSM 39978 (holotype; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW), lacking caudal stings. B) ANSP 191988 (paratype; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/319949/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3227620/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3227622/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/319961/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3227624/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/319969/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 1–6</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="2570037BFFC3FFABFEFFFC5F8C96FC66" box="[299,420,975,999]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,235,260,281]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,231,655,676]" captionTargetBox-0="[365,1219,378,1533]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements of specimens of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. A: MUSM 39978 (holotype), juvenile male. B: ANSP 191988 (paratype), preadult female. x: mean. * branchial basket removed in holotype; caudal stings lacking in specimen when captured." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Meristic data for specimens of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. A: MUSM 39978 (holotype), juvenile male, 495 mm TL. B: ANSP 191988 (paratype), preadult female, 560 mm TL." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid-0="3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC3FFABFF43FB888939FB3E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1047,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC3FFABFF43FB888C36FBB1" bold="true" box="[151,260,1048,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC3FFABFF43FB888C36FBB1" box="[151,260,1048,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="0EE3AE05FFC3FFABFEC6FB878C55FBAE" box="[274,359,1047,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MUSM</collectionCode>
39978 [ex. 
<collectionCode id="0EE3AE05FFC3FFABFE3BFB878F05FBAE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[495,567,1047,1071]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ANSP</collectionCode>
182452], juvenile male, 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFC3FFABFC84FB878E9FFBAE" box="[848,941,1047,1071]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="495.0">495 mm</quantity>
TL, Río Nanay (Amazonas drainage), large beach (left bank) at village of Pampa Chica, 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFC3FFABFD49FBAC8FCEFBD5" box="[669,764,1084,1108]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="4.54">4.54 km</quantity>
west of Iquitos, Departamento Loreto, 
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFC3FFABFB17FBAD89CBFBD5" box="[1219,1273,1085,1108]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DC65007FFC3FFABFAD3FBAC88A4FBD5" box="[1287,1430,1084,1108]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-3.7525">03°45’09” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DC65007FFC3FFABFF43FBCF8C0FFBF6" box="[151,317,1119,1143]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" value="-73.28333">073°17’00” W</geoCoordinate>
, collected with a bag seine by M. Sabaj, C. Pérez, A. Bullard, 
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFC3FFABFBDFFBCF8910FBF6" box="[1035,1058,1119,1143]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
. Castillo &amp; C. DoNascimiento, 
<date id="1C4C1000FFC3FFABFA5AFBCF8C14FB1D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2005-03-08">8 March 2005</date>
. Specimen dissected dorsally and ventrally by A. Bullard to remove parasites (intestine, olfactory bulbs and gills fixed); caudal stings missing when captured (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC3FFABFCE8FB378EF6FB3E" box="[828,964,1191,1215]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1964,1987]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1630,1653]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1271,1942]" captionTargetBox-1="[271,1312,805,1947]" captionTargetBox-2="[174,1417,155,1617]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,1271,1942]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[271,1313,805,1948]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[174,1418,155,1617]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (MUSM 39978, juvenile male, Río Nanay, near Iquitos, Peru; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Freshly captured holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., in dorsal view, showing live coloration (MUSM 39978, juvenile male, Río Nanay, near Iquitos, Peru; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Morphological details of holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. (MUSM 39978). A) Dorsal head and snout region. B) Nasoral region. C) Posterior disc and dorsal tail base region. D) Ventral view of pelvic fins. E) Posterior right side of disc, in dorsal view. F) Dorsal view of pelvic fins. Scale bars = 1 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/319949/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3227620/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3227622/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC3FFABFC05FB378ED3FB3E" box="[977,993,1191,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,988,1864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of the skeleton and dermal covering in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., from holotype (MUSM 39978, 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW). A) Splanchnocranium and scapular region (most of gill arches removed). B) Close-up of angular cartilage. C) Base of tail region showing arrangement of dorsal spines and denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227624/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC3FFABFC39FB378ECFFB3E" box="[1005,1021,1191,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1101,1124]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Morphological details of distal tail region in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., showing arrangement of dorsal tail spines, denticles, caudal stings, and vertebrae. A) MUSM 39978 (holotype; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW), lacking caudal stings. B) ANSP 191988 (paratype; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319969/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFC3FFABFF43F83C8E43F860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319949/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[151,1436,1271,1942]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC3FFABFF43F83C8E43F860" blockId="2.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC3FFABFF43F83C8C3EF843" bold="true" box="[151,268,1964,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC3FFABFE48F83E8F4AF842" box="[412,632,1966,1987]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC3FFABFE48F83E8F4AF842" box="[412,632,1966,1987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC3FFABFD51F83D8F8CF843" box="[645,702,1965,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (MUSM 39978, juvenile male, Río Nanay, near Iquitos, Peru; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC2FFAAFF43FF0889EDFF55" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFF43FF088C36FF31" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC2FFAAFF43FF088C36FF31" box="[151,260,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectionCode id="0EE3AE05FFC2FFAAFEC5FF078C6BFF2E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[273,345,151,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ANSP</collectionCode>
191998, preadult female, 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFC2FFAAFDAAFF078FE9FF2E" box="[638,731,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="560.0">560 mm</quantity>
TL, Río Nanay, Iquitos, Departamento Loreto, 
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFC2FFAAFB3BFF088810FF2E" box="[1263,1314,152,175]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
(specimen donated to Nathan Lovejoy by Richard Ross; specimen somewhat dry, color faded) (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC2FFAAFB9CFF2C8987FF55" box="[1096,1205,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1548,1571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,805,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,805,1528]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paratype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (ANSP 191988, preadult female, Peru, Departamento Loreto, Iquitos, Río Nanay; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW; specimen dry, color faded)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319961/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC2FFAAFB15FF2C89E3FF55" box="[1217,1233,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1101,1124]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Morphological details of distal tail region in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., showing arrangement of dorsal tail spines, denticles, caudal stings, and vertebrae. A) MUSM 39978 (holotype; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW), lacking caudal stings. B) ANSP 191988 (paratype; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319969/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20E8654BFFC2FFAAFF43FE938847FD6E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC2FFAAFF43FE938847FD6E" blockId="3.[151,1436,259,751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFF43FE938C38FE9D" bold="true" box="[151,266,259,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. A species of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFE65FE958F63FE9D" box="[433,593,261,284]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFE65FE958F63FE9D" box="[433,593,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
diagnosed by its unique dorsal color pattern, composed of a light to dark brown or blackish background color, with a tan, bright yellow or orange irregular, highly curved and convoluted vermiculate pattern over entire disc and base of tail region, extending posteriorly to about one-half of tail length (to close to level of caudal stings). 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFE22FEE18FDBFE09" box="[502,745,369,392]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFE22FEE18FDBFE09" box="[502,745,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC2FFAAFD23FEE08E06FE06" box="[759,820,368,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is further distinguished from all other species of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFA8AFEE18C30FE2D" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFA8AFEE18C30FE2D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFEB6FE058CC6FE2D" box="[354,500,404,428]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFEB6FE058CC6FE2D" box="[354,500,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by presenting the distal half of tail, from about caudal sting origin, with a sharply contrasted pattern of five to six solid dark brown to black bars and uniformly cream colored interspaces of more or less equal width. It is further differentiated from congeners, except 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFC50FE4D8925FE75" box="[900,1047,476,500]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFC50FE4D8925FE75" box="[900,1047,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFBF0FE4D89ACFE75" box="[1060,1182,476,500]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFBF0FE4D89ACFE75" box="[1060,1182,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFB78FE4D8802FE75" box="[1196,1328,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. h u m e ro s a</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC2FFAAFAEFFE4C8DE0FD96" author="Garman" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 36, xiii + 515 p., 77 pls." type="book" year="1913">
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFC2FFAAFAEFFE4C88AAFE75" box="[1339,1432,476,500]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Garman</collectingCountry>
, 1913
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFF0BFD918F6DFD96" authority="Muller &amp; Henle, 1834" authorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" authorityYear="1834" box="[223,607,511,536]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="histrix">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFF0BFD918C76FD99" box="[223,324,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. histrix</emphasis>
(Müller &amp; Henle, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFD4EFD918E23FD99" box="[666,785,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. m a r i n a e</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC2FFAAFCCAFD908E88FD96" author="Deynat" box="[798,954,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Deynat, P. (2006) Potamotrygon marinae n. sp., une nouvelle espece de raies d'eau douce de Guyane (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies, 329, 483 - 493." type="journal article" year="2006">Deynat, 2006</bibRefCitation>
, by presenting a single developed angular cartilage that is about one-fourth hyomandibula length (as opposed to two developed angulars of similar size, or a single developed but very elongated angular close to one-half hyomandibular length in other congeners). Furthermore, in 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFF28FDFD8C52FD05" box="[252,352,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
, n. sp. (and 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFE3BFDFD8FB0FD05" box="[495,642,620,644]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFE3BFDFD8FB0FD05" box="[495,642,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), dorsal tail spines usually occur in two irregular, low, undefined rows which originate relatively far back on tail, at level more or less of disc apices, with spines relatively well spaced apart (congeners usually with a single or multiple row of dorsal tail spines, usually in well defined rows, with relatively taller tail spines that are more close packed, originating more anteriorly on dorsal tail region at tail base).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFC2FFAAFF43F83E8900F866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227620/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[271,1312,805,1947]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC2FFAAFF43F83E8900F866" blockId="3.[151,1436,1966,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFF43F83E8C39F845" bold="true" box="[151,267,1966,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Freshly captured holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC2FFAAFD95F8208E2FF844" box="[577,797,1968,1989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC2FFAAFD95F8208E2FF844" box="[577,797,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC2FFAAFCFDF83F8E53F845" box="[809,865,1967,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in dorsal view, showing live coloration (MUSM 39978, juvenile male, Río Nanay, near Iquitos, Peru; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFC5FFADFF43F9CE8E60F939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227622/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[174,1417,155,1617]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC5FFADFF43F9CE8E60F939" blockId="4.[151,1436,1630,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC5FFADFF43F9CE8C3DF9F5" bold="true" box="[151,271,1630,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Morphological details of holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC5FFADFD73F9F08EB4F9F4" box="[679,902,1632,1653]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC5FFADFD73F9F08EB4F9F4" box="[679,902,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC5FFADFC42F9CF8EFDF9F5" box="[918,975,1631,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MUSM 39978). A) Dorsal head and snout region. B) Nasoral region. C) Posterior disc and dorsal tail base region. D) Ventral view of pelvic fins. E) Posterior right side of disc, in dorsal view. F) Dorsal view of pelvic fins. Scale bars = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="20E8654BFFC5FFA1FF43F9778EDEFC26" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC5FFADFF43F9778F19F8A2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1767,2008]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC5FFADFF43F9778C13F881" bold="true" box="[151,289,1767,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
. Measurements, as both raw data in mm and transformed into % DW, are presented in 
<tableCitation id="2570037BFFC5FFADFB26F9778874F97E" box="[1266,1350,1767,1791]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,235,260,281]" captionTargetBox="[365,1219,378,1533]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of specimens of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. A: MUSM 39978 (holotype), juvenile male. B: ANSP 191988 (paratype), preadult female. x: mean. * branchial basket removed in holotype; caudal stings lacking in specimen when captured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6">Table 1</tableCitation>
; meristic features are presented in 
<tableCitation id="2570037BFFC5FFADFE06F89B8F1AF8A2" box="[466,552,1803,1827]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,231,655,676]" captionText="TABLE 2. Meristic data for specimens of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. A: MUSM 39978 (holotype), juvenile male, 495 mm TL. B: ANSP 191988 (paratype), preadult female, 560 mm TL." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC5FFACFF13F8A088B8FEE5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1767,2008]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,751]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC5FFADFF13F8A08CFBF8C9" bold="true" box="[199,457,1840,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">External morphology</emphasis>
. Disc longer than wide, relatively oval, and widest at more or less midlength. Disc length ranges between 105 and 112.8% DW (
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC5FFADFD77F8C58F9DF8ED" box="[675,687,1877,1900]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">x</emphasis>
= 108.9% DW). Snout with oval anterior margin in dorsoventral view, and with minute but clearly visible rostral knob protruding from anterior disc. Preorbital snout length slightly more than twice interorbital distance; preorbital snout length from 26.8 to 27.1% DW (
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC5FFADFBB2F80D8940F835" box="[1126,1138,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">x</emphasis>
= 27% DW). Prenasal (16 to 18.2% DW, 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC5FFADFE92F8518C60F859" box="[326,338,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">x</emphasis>
= 17.1% DW) and preoral (22 to 23.6% DW, 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC5FFADFCA3F8518EB1F859" box="[887,899,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">x</emphasis>
= 22.8 % DW) snout lengths relatively short, shorter than preorbital snout length. Eyes relatively small, but clearly protruding from top of head region; eyes smaller than spiracles in diameter. Spiracles closely adjacent to eyes, rhomboidal in shape and very large in live specimens, slit-like in preserved 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC4FFACFDC5FF4F8F44FF76" box="[529,630,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Spiracles in fresh specimens about as long as wide (length measured diagonally), longer than wide in preserved 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC4FFACFDA0FE948FE8FE9D" box="[628,730,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Spiracles without elevated spiracular rims or central knob posteriorly. Spiracles extend anteriorly to level of posterior two-thirds of eye length in preserved material, but in live specimens spiracles extend anteriorly beyond level of eyes. Interorbital and interspiracular distances about equal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC4FFACFF13FEFF8F12FD6E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Mouth relatively small, its opening somewhat straight across. Mouth width about one-half distance between first gill slits, and slightly greater than internarial distance. Posterior profile of lower jaw marked with faint grooves due to preservation, but labial folds absent; outer corners of mouth also with slightly marked grooves. Nostrils anteroposteriorly elongated and slit-like, close in length to eye diameter and about one-half of internarial distance. Nasal curtain widest posteriorly, with highly fringed, medially notched posterior margin. Teeth set in quincunx, not visible externally with mouth closed in 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC4FFACFD82FDB48F8EFDBD" box="[598,700,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Tooth rows 42/ 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFC4FFACFCA6FDB48E99FDBD" box="[882,939,548,572]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1684" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="46.0">46 in</quantity>
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC4FFACFC67FDB48927FDBD" box="[947,1045,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(lower symphysial row 23), 43/ 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFC4FFACFA54FDB48D9FFDDE" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1684" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="46.0">46 in</quantity>
slightly larger 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC4FFACFE8EFDD88C8CFDE1" box="[346,446,584,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
; teeth relatively small, rhomboidal, but without conspicuous cusps (
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC4FFACFB16FDD78814FDDE" box="[1218,1318,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
a juvenile male). Five buccal papillae present inside mouth. Branchial basket longer than wide, its length apparently about one-fifth DW (proper measurements could not be taken; 
<tableCitation id="2570037BFFC4FFACFCC9FD1F8E42FD26" box="[797,880,655,679]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,235,260,281]" captionTargetBox="[365,1219,378,1533]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of specimens of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. A: MUSM 39978 (holotype), juvenile male. B: ANSP 191988 (paratype), preadult female. x: mean. * branchial basket removed in holotype; caudal stings lacking in specimen when captured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Distance between first gill slits slightly greater than distance between fifth gill slits. Gill openings with slightly undulated gill flaps; fifth gill slit smallest, and slightly more obliquely positioned.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFC4FFACFF43F99C880BF9C7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[151,1436,805,1527]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC4FFACFF43F99C880BF9C7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1548,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC4FFACFF43F99C8C3CF9A3" bold="true" box="[151,270,1548,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Paratype of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC4FFACFE49F99E8F4EF9A2" box="[413,636,1550,1571]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC4FFACFE49F99E8F4EF9A2" box="[413,636,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC4FFACFD58F99E8FF7F9A2" box="[652,709,1550,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (ANSP 191988, preadult female, Peru, Departamento Loreto, Iquitos, Río Nanay; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW; specimen dry, color faded).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC4FFAFFF13F91F89EDFF55" blockId="5.[151,1437,1679,2029]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Pelvic fins anteroposteriorly short, much wider than long (59.3 to 60% DW, 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC4FFACFBCEF9018914F929" box="[1050,1062,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">x</emphasis>
= 59.7% DW), and with undulating posterior margins. Pelvic fins mostly concealed in dorsal view, and broadest at more or less their anterior third, with broadly oval apices. Tail somewhat robust at base, its width slightly greater than interorbital distance (tail width 15.6 to 18.2% DW, 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC4FFACFE6AF96D8CF8F895" box="[446,458,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">x</emphasis>
= 16.9% DW). Tail tapering posteriorly, not terminating as an elongated whip distally. Tail very flat ventrally, noticeable in cross-section. Tail with slender, ridge-like lateral tail folds originating at base of tail and extending to more or less level of caudal sting; dorsal and ventral tail fold present, ridge-like, originating posterior to caudal stings and extending caudally for a short distance. Dorsal and ventral tail folds anteriorly wider, extending posteriorly as a very shallow ridge. Cloaca to distal tail length varying greatly (108.1 to 131.2% DW, 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC4FFACFAADF81D88B7F825" box="[1401,1413,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">x</emphasis>
= 119.7% DW), and greater than disc length and snout to cloaca length (87.2 to 91.2% DW, 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC4FFACFB5EF82189A4F849" box="[1162,1174,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">x</emphasis>
= 89.2% DW); tail relatively intact (i.e. not broken distally) in 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC4FFACFD8BF8448FF7F86D" box="[607,709,2004,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Caudal sting (missing from 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC4FFACFBD2F8448958F86D" box="[1030,1130,2004,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) much greater than interorbital distance or tail width at base, relatively elongate. Caudal sting with posteriorly directed and sharp lateral serrations, terminating in a very acute distal point, and positioned just posterior to tail mid-length.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6" ID-Table-UUID="3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C8D6648FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[365,1219,378,1533]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DC7FED6" blockId="6.[151,1436,259,343]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC7FFAFFF43FE948DCCFE98" bold="true" box="[151,254,260,281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Measurements of specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC7FFAFFD9AFE958E18FE9B" box="[590,810,261,282]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC7FFAFFD9AFE958E18FE9B" box="[590,810,261,282]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC7FFAFFCE3FE958E5DFE9B" box="[823,879,261,282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A: MUSM 39978 (holotype), juvenile male. B: ANSP 191988 (paratype), preadult female. 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC7FFAFFDDFFEB38F24FEB9" box="[523,534,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">x</emphasis>
: mean. * branchial basket removed in holotype; caudal stings lacking in specimen when captured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC7FFAFFEB9FEEA899AFA72" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table id="1AF2C460FFC70056FEB9FEEA89F1FA7C" box="[365,1219,378,1533]" gridcols="4" gridrows="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FEEA89F1FE0E" box="[365,1219,378,399]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FEEA8F89FE0E" box="[365,699,378,399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PARAMETER</th>
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFEEA8E5CFE0E" box="[729,878,378,399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</th>
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFEEA892CFE0E" box="[906,1054,378,399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</th>
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FEEA89F1FE0E" box="[1076,1219,378,399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC7FFAFFBACFEEA89B1FE0E" box="[1144,1155,378,399]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">x</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FE3489F1FE38" box="[365,1219,420,441]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFE348E5CFE38" box="[729,878,420,441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mm % DW</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFE34892CFE38" box="[906,1054,420,441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mm % DW</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FE3489F1FE38" box="[1076,1219,420,441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mm % DW</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FE5E89F1FE62" box="[365,1219,462,483]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FE5E8F89FE62" box="[365,699,462,483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">total length (TL)</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFE5E8E5CFE62" box="[729,878,462,483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">495.0 –</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFE5E892CFE62" box="[906,1054,462,483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">560.0 –</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FE5E89F1FE62" box="[1076,1219,462,483]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">527.5 –</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FE6789F1FD8D" box="[365,1219,503,524]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FE678F89FD8D" box="[365,699,503,524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">disc length (DL)</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFE678E5CFD8D" box="[729,878,503,524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">271.0 105.0</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFE67892CFD8D" box="[906,1054,503,524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">282.0 112.8</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FE6789F1FD8D" box="[1076,1219,503,524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">276.5 108.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FDB289F1FDB6" box="[365,1219,546,567]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FDB28F89FDB6" box="[365,699,546,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">disc width (DW)</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFDB28E5CFDB6" box="[729,878,546,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">258.0 100.0</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFDB2892CFDB6" box="[906,1054,546,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">250.0 100.0</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FDB289F1FDB6" box="[1076,1219,546,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">254.0 100.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FDDC89F1FDE0" box="[365,1219,588,609]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FDDC8F89FDE0" box="[365,699,588,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Interorbital distance</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFDDC8E5CFDE0" box="[729,878,588,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34.0 13.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFDDC892CFDE0" box="[906,1054,588,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22.0 8.8</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FDDC89F1FDE0" box="[1076,1219,588,609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">28.0 11.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FDE689F1FD0A" box="[365,1219,630,651]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FDE68F89FD0A" box="[365,699,630,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">interspiracular distance</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFDE68E5CFD0A" box="[729,878,630,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">43.0 16.7</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFDE6892CFD0A" box="[906,1054,630,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34.0 13.6</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FDE689F1FD0A" box="[1076,1219,630,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">38.5 15.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FD0F89F1FD35" box="[365,1219,671,692]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FD0F8F89FD35" box="[365,699,671,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">eye length</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFD0F8E5CFD35" box="[729,878,671,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22.0 8.5</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFD0F892CFD35" box="[906,1054,671,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12.0 4.8</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FD0F89F1FD35" box="[1076,1219,671,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.0 6.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FD5A89F1FD5E" box="[365,1219,714,735]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FD5A8F89FD5E" box="[365,699,714,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">spiracle length</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFD5A8E5CFD5E" box="[729,878,714,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">30.0 11.6</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFD5A892CFD5E" box="[906,1054,714,735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21.0 8.4</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FD5A89F1FD5E" box="[1076,1219,714,735]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">25.5 10.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FD6489F1FC88" box="[365,1219,756,777]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FD648F89FC88" box="[365,699,756,777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">preorbital length</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFD648E5CFC88" box="[729,878,756,777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">70.0 27.1</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFD64892CFC88" box="[906,1054,756,777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">67.0 26.8</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FD6489F1FC88" box="[1076,1219,756,777]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">68.5 27.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FC8E89F1FCB2" box="[365,1219,798,819]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FC8E8F89FCB2" box="[365,699,798,819]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">prenasal length</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFC8E8E5CFCB2" box="[729,878,798,819]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">47.0 18.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFC8E892CFCB2" box="[906,1054,798,819]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">40.0 16.0</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FC8E89F1FCB2" box="[1076,1219,798,819]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">43.5 17.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FCD889F1FCDC" box="[365,1219,840,861]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FCD88F89FCDC" box="[365,699,840,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">preoral length</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFCD88E5CFCDC" box="[729,878,840,861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">61.0 23.6</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFCD8892CFCDC" box="[906,1054,840,861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">55.0 22.0</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FCD889F1FCDC" box="[1076,1219,840,861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">58.0 22.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FCE289F1FC06" box="[365,1219,882,903]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FCE28F89FC06" box="[365,699,882,903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">internarial distance</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFCE28E5CFC06" box="[729,878,882,903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">28.0 10.9</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFCE2892CFC06" box="[906,1054,882,903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">20.0 8.0</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FCE289F1FC06" box="[1076,1219,882,903]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">24.0 9.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FC0C89F1FBAE" box="[365,1219,924,1071]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FC0C8F89FBAE" box="[365,699,924,1071]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mouth width distance between 1st gill slits distance between 5th gill slits branchial basket length</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFC0C8E5CFBAE" box="[729,878,924,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">33.0 12.8 * – * – * –</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFC0C892CFBAE" box="[906,1054,924,1071]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">24.0 9.6 56.0 22.4 40.0 16.0 47.0 18.8</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FC0C89F1FBAE" box="[1076,1219,924,1071]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">28.5 11.2 – – – – – –</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FBD489F1FBD8" box="[365,1219,1092,1113]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FBD48F89FBD8" box="[365,699,1092,1113]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pelvic fin anterior margin length</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFBD48E5CFBD8" box="[729,878,1092,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">65.0 25.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFBD4892CFBD8" box="[906,1054,1092,1113]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">65.0 26.0</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FBD489F1FBD8" box="[1076,1219,1092,1113]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">65.0 25.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FBFE89F1FB56" box="[365,1219,1134,1239]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FBFE8F89FB56" box="[365,699,1134,1239]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pelvic fins width clasper external length clasper internal length</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFBFE8E5CFB56" box="[729,878,1134,1239]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">153.0 59.3 6.0 2.3 34.0 13.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFBFE892CFB56" box="[906,1054,1134,1239]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">150.0 60.0 – – – –</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FBFE89F1FB56" box="[1076,1219,1134,1239]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">151.5 59.7 – – – –</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FB7C89F1FA80" box="[365,1219,1260,1281]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FB7C8F89FA80" box="[365,699,1260,1281]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">distance between cloaca and tail tip</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFB7C8E5CFA80" box="[729,878,1260,1281]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">279.0 108.1</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFB7C892CFA80" box="[906,1054,1260,1281]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">328.0 131.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FB7C89F1FA80" box="[1076,1219,1260,1281]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">303.5 119.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FA8689F1FAAA" box="[365,1219,1302,1323]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FA868F89FAAA" box="[365,699,1302,1323]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">tail width</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFA868E5CFAAA" box="[729,878,1302,1323]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">47.0 18.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFA86892CFAAA" box="[906,1054,1302,1323]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">39.0 15.6</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FA8689F1FAAA" box="[1076,1219,1302,1323]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">43.0 16.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FAD089F1FAD4" box="[365,1219,1344,1365]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FAD08F89FAD4" box="[365,699,1344,1365]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">snout to cloaca distance</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFAD08E5CFAD4" box="[729,878,1344,1365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">225.0 87.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFAD0892CFAD4" box="[906,1054,1344,1365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">228.0 91.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FAD089F1FAD4" box="[1076,1219,1344,1365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">226.5 89.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6C23482FFC70056FEB9FAFA89F1FA7C" box="[365,1219,1386,1533]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="95135DFEFFC70056FEB9FAFA8F89FA7C" box="[365,699,1386,1533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pectoral to posterior pelvic length distance from cloaca to sting origin sting length sting width</th>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FD0DFAFA8E5CFA7C" box="[729,878,1386,1533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">39.0 15.1 * – * – * –</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FC5EFAFA892CFA7C" box="[906,1054,1386,1533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29.0 11.6 144.0 57.6 4.9 2.0 0.4 1.2</td>
<td id="95135DFEFFC70056FBE0FAFA89F1FA7C" box="[1076,1219,1386,1533]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34.0 13.4 – – – – – –</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC7FFAEFF13F9A389DEFE06" blockId="6.[151,1436,1587,2008]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC7FFAFFF13F9A38C7AF9CD" bold="true" box="[199,328,1587,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Coloration</emphasis>
. Dorsal surface of disc, in alcohol preserved 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC7FFAFFC93F9A48E9EF9CD" box="[839,940,1588,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, with dark to light brown background color, becoming slightly lighter close to disc margin. Tan, yellow to orange irregular vermiculated pattern over entire disc and base of tail posteriorly to about one-half of tail length, close to level of caudal stings. Vermiculations finest in interorbital region, coarsest on posterior portion of disc, middisc region and dorsal tail base (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC7FFAFFB4BF90F881BF936" box="[1183,1321,1695,1719]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1964,1987]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1966,1989]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1630,1653]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1548,1571]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1271,1942]" captionTargetBox-1="[271,1312,805,1947]" captionTargetBox-2="[174,1417,155,1617]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,805,1527]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,1271,1942]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[271,1313,805,1948]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[174,1418,155,1617]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,805,1528]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (MUSM 39978, juvenile male, Río Nanay, near Iquitos, Peru; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Freshly captured holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., in dorsal view, showing live coloration (MUSM 39978, juvenile male, Río Nanay, near Iquitos, Peru; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Morphological details of holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. (MUSM 39978). A) Dorsal head and snout region. B) Nasoral region. C) Posterior disc and dorsal tail base region. D) Ventral view of pelvic fins. E) Posterior right side of disc, in dorsal view. F) Dorsal view of pelvic fins. Scale bars = 1 cm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Paratype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (ANSP 191988, preadult female, Peru, Departamento Loreto, Iquitos, Río Nanay; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW; specimen dry, color faded)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/319949/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3227620/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3227622/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/319961/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
). Isolated, well-defined ocelli lacking; however, some larger tan spots enclosed by narrower ring of dark gray to brown evident at posterior middisc and near base of tail (spots integrated into overall vermiculate pattern). In general, dorsal vermiculate pattern highly curved and convoluted. Outer disc margin with yellow to creamy white small spots (close in size to eye diameter). Outer disc spots may coalesce forming darker reticulate patterns of background color on disc margin. Dorsal surface of pelvic fins similarly with slender dark gray background covered with yellowish or creamy white spots affording coarse vermiculate pattern as spots become coalesced; spots on dorsal pelvic fins varying in size. Dorsal vermiculate pattern gradually transitions to more regular dark saddles separated by lighter, tan interspaces on basal half of tail (to origin of caudal sting). Distal half of tail, posterior to caudal sting origin, with sharply contrasted pattern of five to six solid dark bars and uniformly pale, cream colored interspaces of more or less equal width. Dark bars extend dorsally to caudal finfold margin, appear rectangular in dorsal view; extend to midline of flattened ventral surface, appearing broadly rounded in ventral view. Dark bars staggered, each one approximately aligned with pale region contralaterally on both tail and dorsal finfold. Extreme tip of tail uniformly dark. Ventral surfaces of disc and pelvic fins uniformly pale, cream colored. Flattened portion of tail to base of caudal sting with dark marks, continuous with dorsal and lateral darker bars, on both sides; these alternating darker bars do not connect ventrally. Posterior margins of disc and pelvic fins without darker color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC6FFAEFF13FE058F45FDE1" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">In live specimens, overlying color tannish bronze to golden yellow or even orange, with very dark brown to blackish background color; vermiculate pattern isolating dark brown to black spots of background color. Variation in vermiculations great, ranging from very tight, minute vermicular markings to more broad patterns highlighting greater background areas that range from circular to more elongate streaks. Black bars on distal half of tail more strongly contrasted with pale white to yellowish interspaces. Live newborn pups with more faded dorsal color, but vermiculate markings usually light orange.</paragraph>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFC6FFAEFF43FD1F8F80FD43" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC6FFAEFF43FD1F8F80FD43" blockId="7.[151,1436,655,706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC6FFAEFF43FD1F8DCBFD25" bold="true" box="[151,249,655,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Meristic data for specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC6FFAEFDE2FD008E35FD24" box="[566,775,656,677]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC6FFAEFDE2FD008E35FD24" box="[566,775,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC6FFAEFCC0FD1F8E7BFD25" box="[788,841,655,676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A: MUSM 39978 (holotype), juvenile male, 495 mm TL. B: ANSP 191988 (paratype), preadult female, 560 mm TL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC6FFAEFDD6FD748923FA9A" blockId="7.[514,1048,740,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CHARACTER A B precaudal vertebrae 24 26 caudal vertebrae 95 110 total vertebrae 119 136 diplospondylous vertebrae 93 105 upper tooth rows (radiograph) 42 – lower tooth rows (radiograph) 46 46 upper tooth rows (specimen) 42 42 lower tooth rows (specimen) 46 46 propterygial radials 35 34 mesopterygial radials 14 15 metapterygial radials 24 28 total pectoral radials 73 77 pelvic radials 20 22</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC6FFAEFF13FACB897AF80E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1370,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC6FFAEFF13FACB8CA0FAF2" bold="true" box="[199,402,1370,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dermal denticles</emphasis>
. Interspiracular region with very minute, dispersed denticles. Region posterior to interspiracular space also with scattered denticles, but these becoming more numerous and greater in size. Denticles over dorsal disc concentrated over middisc, extending posteriorly to posterior disc and base of tail region. Outer disc margin smooth, devoid of denticles. Denticles over dorsal disc vary in size, but always greater towards midline and somewhat evenly spaced. Denticles over dorsal midline low and variable in shape, some resembling asterisks, others with fewer, small radiating keels converging on crown apex. Dorsal midline denticles in various irregular rows, and more spaced apart than smaller denticles lateral to midline. Larger, more acute spines lacking on dorsal disc region. Dorsal midline denticles become larger over base of tail region, at about level of pectoral fin axils. Larger, rounded, dorsal tail denticles present at base of tail in 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC6FFAEFCDFF9EB8E5DF912" box="[779,879,1659,1683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Slightly taller dorsal tail spines occur relatively posteriorly on tail, just anterior to or at level of disc apices, and extend caudally in irregular rows (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC6FFAEFB25F90E886EF937" box="[1265,1372,1694,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,988,1864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of the skeleton and dermal covering in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., from holotype (MUSM 39978, 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW). A) Splanchnocranium and scapular region (most of gill arches removed). B) Close-up of angular cartilage. C) Base of tail region showing arrangement of dorsal spines and denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227624/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 5</figureCitation>
C, 6). In 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC6FFAEFF61F9538C2AF95A" box="[181,280,1731,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, a single more defined row of dorsal tail spines present well posterior to level of pectoral axil. In 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC6FFAEFAB5F9528DF8F97E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, dorsal tail spines slightly lower than in 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC6FFAEFD5EF9778FDFF97E" box="[650,749,1767,1791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, not forming well-defined row, and occurring in two irregular rows in which more developed spines alternate, not occurring side-by-side (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC6FFAEFC24F89A8961F8A3" box="[1008,1107,1802,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1101,1124]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Morphological details of distal tail region in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., showing arrangement of dorsal tail spines, denticles, caudal stings, and vertebrae. A) MUSM 39978 (holotype; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW), lacking caudal stings. B) ANSP 191988 (paratype; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319969/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). From midtail posteriorly to caudal stings, dorsal tail spines occur in a single more defined row in 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC6FFAEFC6DF8BE892DF8C7" box="[953,1055,1838,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Dorsal tail spines relatively well separated, not bunched together. Lateral tail denticles, much lower than dorsal tail midline spines, present on posterior tail near caudal stings, and sometimes posterior to stings, especially in 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC6FFAEFC34F8E78976F80E" box="[992,1092,1911,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC6FFA1FF13F80A8EDEFC26" blockId="7.[151,1436,1370,2006]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,935]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC6FFAEFF13F80A8CBCF832" bold="true" box="[199,398,1946,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Skeletal features</emphasis>
. Neurocranium elongate, longer than twice greatest width at nasal capsules and postorbital processes (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC6FFAEFEC3F82E8C4FF857" box="[279,381,1982,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,988,1864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of the skeleton and dermal covering in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., from holotype (MUSM 39978, 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW). A) Splanchnocranium and scapular region (most of gill arches removed). B) Close-up of angular cartilage. C) Base of tail region showing arrangement of dorsal spines and denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227624/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 5</figureCitation>
A). Nasal capsules broadly rounded, with slender internasal septum. Preorbital processes slightly wider than postorbital processes. Precerebral and frontoparietal fontenellae very elongate, about fourthfifths of neurocranial length, leaving very anteroposteriorly short otic roof posteriorly at parietal fossa. Supraorbital process broadly triangular, just anterior to postorbital process. Preorbital processes slender. Antorbital cartilage very slender and elongate, wider anteriorly, extending posteriorly to level of angular cartilage. Meckel`s cartilage stout with well developed dorsally projecting lateral process, palatoquadrate slender. Hyomandibulae relatively slender and more or less straight, anteriorly only slightly curved toward midline and faintly concave. Anterior angular cartilage well developed, about one-third to one-fourth length of hyomandibula (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC9FFA1FBA8FEFF89EFFE06" box="[1148,1245,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,988,1864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of the skeleton and dermal covering in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., from holotype (MUSM 39978, 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW). A) Splanchnocranium and scapular region (most of gill arches removed). B) Close-up of angular cartilage. C) Base of tail region showing arrangement of dorsal spines and denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227624/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5</figureCitation>
B), with concave anterior margin; posterior angular absent (if present, highly reduced and uncalcified). Cervicothoracic synarcual elongate, its greatest width just under greatest width of neurocranium, with 29 spinal nerve foramina on each side. Thoracolumbar synarcual very slender, not strongly calcified. Individual vertebral centra occurring slightly posterior to level of missing caudal sting origin; a slightly calcified notochordal extension (cartilaginous rod) present distally (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC9FFA1FF23FDB48C6BFDBD" box="[247,345,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1101,1124]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,153,1080]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Morphological details of distal tail region in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., showing arrangement of dorsal tail spines, denticles, caudal stings, and vertebrae. A) MUSM 39978 (holotype; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW), lacking caudal stings. B) ANSP 191988 (paratype; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319969/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). Transition from mono- to diplospondyly occurs at second centra posterior to pelvic girdle. Propterygium widest posteriorly, more stout than meso- and metapterygium. Metapterygium more broadly arched than propterygium, with four posterior segments. Anterior segment of propterygium elongate, about equal in length to nasal aperture. Mesopterygium anteriorly elongate and slender, slightly convex externally. Pectoral radial elements sometimes fused at base, especially those at posterior propterygium and anterior metapterygium. Pectoral radials slender close to pectoral basals, slightly widening and shortening toward middisc, and slender again distally, bifurcating at 9th or 10th segment. Pelvic girdle with concave anterior margins lateral to prepelvic process (broken in 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC9FFA1FF43FCB28DCCFCBB" box="[151,254,802,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Lateral prepelvic processes low. Iliac processes extending caudally slightly beyond triangular ischial processes. Three to four obturator foramina present. Basipterygium relatively wide and short, but longer than posterior metapterygial segments. First enlarged pelvic radial element articulating with iliac region of puboischiadic bar. Pelvic radials articulating with posterior basipterygium splayed distally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFC9FFA1FF43F8C68969F82B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227624/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[151,1436,988,1863]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC9FFA1FF43F8C68969F82B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1878,1962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC9FFA1FF43F8C68C3FF8ED" bold="true" box="[151,269,1878,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Details of the skeleton and dermal covering in 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC9FFA1FCD5F8C88EECF8EC" box="[769,990,1880,1901]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC9FFA1FCD5F8C88EECF8EC" box="[769,990,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC9FFA1FC38F8C88914F8EC" box="[1004,1062,1880,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, from holotype (MUSM 39978, 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW). A) Splanchnocranium and scapular region (most of gill arches removed). B) Close-up of angular cartilage. C) Base of tail region showing arrangement of dorsal spines and denticles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFC8FFA0FF43FBDD8927FB20" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319969/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[151,1436,153,1080]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC8FFA0FF43FBDD8927FB20" blockId="9.[151,1436,1101,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FF43FBDD8C3DFBE2" bold="true" box="[151,271,1101,1124]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. Morphological details of distal tail region in 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FD2CFBDF8EE5FBE5" box="[760,983,1103,1124]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FD2CFBDF8EE5FBE5" box="[760,983,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFC8FFA0FC33FBDF8910FBE5" box="[999,1058,1103,1124]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, showing arrangement of dorsal tail spines, denticles, caudal stings, and vertebrae. A) MUSM 39978 (holotype; 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW), lacking caudal stings. B) ANSP 191988 (paratype; 560 mm TL, 282 mm DL, 250 mm DW).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="20E8654BFFC8FFA3FF43FB778F8CFC46" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC8FFA0FF43FB778E66F8E2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1255,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FF43FB778C36FB7E" bold="true" box="[151,260,1255,1279]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FEC3FB788F22FB7E" box="[279,528,1256,1279]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FEC3FB788F22FB7E" box="[279,528,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FC85FB78887EFB7E" authority="Achenbach, 1967" authorityName="Achenbach" authorityYear="1967" box="[849,1356,1255,1279]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menchacai">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FC85FB788944FB7E" box="[849,1142,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Potamotrygon menchacai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FB56FB77887EFB7E" author="Achenbach" box="[1154,1356,1255,1279]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Achenbach, G. M. (1967) Notas sobre una nueva especie de raya fluvial (Batoidei, Potamotrygonidae) pescada en el rio Colastine (Parana medio, Departamento La Capital, Provincia de Santa Fe, Republica Argentina). Comunicaciones del Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales Florentino Ameghino, 1, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1967">
Achenbach, 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFC8FFA0FAC0FB77887EFB7E" box="[1300,1356,1255,1279]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.99618" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="1967.0">1967</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the aquarium literature (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FE7FFA9C8F93FAA2" author="Ross" box="[427,673,1291,1315]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Ross, R. A. &amp; Schafer, F. (2000) Aqualog Susswasser Rochen: Freshwater Rays. Verlag ACS, Morfelden-Walldorf, 192 p." type="book" year="2000">Ross &amp; Schäfer, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; numerous websites), even though 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FBF3FA9C8989FAA2" box="[1063,1211,1291,1315]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menchacai">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FBF3FA9C8989FAA2" box="[1063,1211,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. menchacai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Río Colastiné, a tributary of Río Paraná, near Santa Fe, 
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFC8FFA0FCF1FABF8EAAFAC6" box="[805,920,1327,1351]" name="Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. This identification was based on the lightly banded distal tail thought to be present in the 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC8FFA0FD67FAC38E27FAEA" box="[691,789,1363,1387]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FC95FAC48EE4FAEA" box="[833,982,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. m e n c h a c a i</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FC3FFAC389DCFAEA" author="Ross" box="[1003,1262,1363,1387]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Ross, R. A. &amp; Schafer, F. (2000) Aqualog Susswasser Rochen: Freshwater Rays. Verlag ACS, Morfelden-Walldorf, 192 p." type="book" year="2000">Ross &amp; Schäfer, 2000</bibRefCitation>
, p. 44; but see 
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FF43FAE78C6CFA0E" author="Achenbach" box="[151,350,1399,1423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Achenbach, G. M. (1967) Notas sobre una nueva especie de raya fluvial (Batoidei, Potamotrygonidae) pescada en el rio Colastine (Parana medio, Departamento La Capital, Provincia de Santa Fe, Republica Argentina). Comunicaciones del Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales Florentino Ameghino, 1, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1967">Achenbach, 1967</bibRefCitation>
, figure 1, p. 6), even though clearly distinct from the broad, alternating darker and lighter bars in the distal tail of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FE98FA0C8C81FA32" box="[332,435,1436,1459]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FE98FA0C8C81FA32" box="[332,435,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, a recent systematic revision of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FC59FA0C88A5FA32" authority="Castex &amp; Maciel, 1963" authorityName="Castex &amp; Maciel" authorityYear="1963" box="[909,1431,1435,1459]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FC59FA0C89B9FA32" box="[909,1163,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Potamotrygon falkneri</emphasis>
Castex &amp; Maciel, 1963
</taxonomicName>
, based on large series of specimens including material similar to the 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC8FFA0FC4CFA2F8EC8FA56" box="[920,1018,1471,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FBF4FA508987FA56" box="[1056,1205,1471,1495]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menchacai">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FBF4FA508987FA56" box="[1056,1205,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. menchacai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in color and dimensions, confirmed that 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FE5DFA748F2FFA7A" box="[393,541,1507,1531]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menchacai">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FE5DFA748F2FFA7A" box="[393,541,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. menchacai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of this highly variable species (
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FBB0FA738843FA7A" author="Silva" box="[1124,1393,1507,1531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Silva, J. P. C. B. da &amp; Carvalho, M. R. de (2011) A taxonomic and morphological redescription of Potamotrygon falkneri Castex &amp; Maciel, 1963 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (1), 209 - 232." type="journal article" year="2011">Silva &amp; Carvalho, 2011</bibRefCitation>
), as previously reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FE4FF9988F16F99E" author="Rosa" box="[411,548,1543,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Rosa, R. S. (1985) A systematic revision of the South American freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Unpublished PhD diss., College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, xvi + 523 p." type="book" year="1985">Rosa (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FD8EF9978E60F99E" box="[602,850,1543,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Carvalho, M. R. de, Lovejoy, N. R. &amp; Rosa, R. S. (2003) Family Potamotrygonidae. Pp. 22 - 29. In: Reis, R. E, Ferraris Jr, C. J. &amp; Kullander, S. O. (Eds.). Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre, EDIPUCRS, 729 p." type="book chapter">Carvalho et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. The 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC8FFA0FC5BF9978EC3F99E" box="[911,1009,1543,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FBC2F998883BF99E" box="[1046,1289,1544,1567]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FBC2F998883BF99E" box="[1046,1289,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very close in size to the 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFC8FFA0FEE5F9BB8CA1F9C2" box="[305,403,1579,1603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FE68F9BC8F7CF9C2" box="[444,590,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. m e n c h a c a i</emphasis>
(now lost; but see 
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FCF9F9BB8EC7F9C2" author="Achenbach" box="[813,1013,1579,1603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Achenbach, G. M. (1967) Notas sobre una nueva especie de raya fluvial (Batoidei, Potamotrygonidae) pescada en el rio Colastine (Parana medio, Departamento La Capital, Provincia de Santa Fe, Republica Argentina). Comunicaciones del Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales Florentino Ameghino, 1, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1967">Achenbach, 1967</bibRefCitation>
), which facilitates comparisons (note that the former is a juvenile male whereas the latter is an adult male); furthermore, Silva &amp; Carvalho (op. cit.) thoroughly characterized 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FE5EF9E48CCCF90A" box="[394,510,1651,1675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FE5EF9E48CCCF90A" box="[394,510,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FDD9F9E48E33F90A" box="[525,769,1652,1675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FDD9F9E48E33F90A" box="[525,769,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs significantly from this species in coloration (dorsal color composed of numerous spots or very slender vermicular markings, never forming the specific patterns of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FA53F9088DD1F952" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FA53F9088DD1F952" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and tail never similarly banded in 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FDACF92C8FDAF952" box="[632,744,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. fa l kn e r i</emphasis>
), dorsal tail spines (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC8FFA0FC07F92B890DF952" box="[979,1087,1723,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1630,1653]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,155,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[174,1418,155,1617]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Morphological details of holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. (MUSM 39978). A) Dorsal head and snout region. B) Nasoral region. C) Posterior disc and dorsal tail base region. D) Ventral view of pelvic fins. E) Posterior right side of disc, in dorsal view. F) Dorsal view of pelvic fins. Scale bars = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227622/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figures 3</figureCitation>
C, 4B) (spines relatively taller, more greatly developed in 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FE17F9708F04F976" box="[451,566,1759,1783]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FE17F9708F04F976" box="[451,566,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), configuration of suborbital loop formed by the infraorbital lateral line canal (relatively less expanded anteriorly in 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FD9CF8948F89F89A" box="[584,699,1795,1819]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FD9CF8948F89F89A" box="[584,699,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no acute angles anteriorly; see below), single developed angular cartilage (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFC8FFA0FED2F8B78C57F8BE" box="[262,357,1831,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1878,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,988,1864]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Details of the skeleton and dermal covering in Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp., from holotype (MUSM 39978, 495 mm TL, 271 mm DL, and 258 mm DW). A) Splanchnocranium and scapular region (most of gill arches removed). B) Close-up of angular cartilage. C) Base of tail region showing arrangement of dorsal spines and denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227624/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 5</figureCitation>
A) (two developed angulars of roughly equal size in 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FC60F8B98914F8BE" box="[948,1062,1831,1856]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FC60F8B98914F8BE" box="[948,1062,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), size at sexual maturity (smaller in 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FF60F8DC8C14F8E2" box="[180,294,1867,1891]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FF60F8DC8C14F8E2" box="[180,294,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), among other features (
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFC8FFA0FDEDF8DB8E7AF8E2" author="Silva" box="[569,840,1867,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Silva, J. P. C. B. da &amp; Carvalho, M. R. de (2011) A taxonomic and morphological redescription of Potamotrygon falkneri Castex &amp; Maciel, 1963 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (1), 209 - 232." type="journal article" year="2011">Silva &amp; Carvalho, 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFC8FFA3FF13F8FF8C59FEBE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1255,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,607]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Variation in dorsal color among specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FD31F8E18EEEF806" box="[741,988,1904,1928]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FD31F8E18EEEF806" box="[741,988,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, judging from images available in the aquarium literature and other specimens we have examined, appears to be significant, but not as great as in other species, such as 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FE85F8298CF7F84E" box="[337,453,1975,2000]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FE85F8298CF7F84E" box="[337,453,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FE00F8298F0EF851" box="[468,572,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. m o t o ro</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFC8FFA0FDABF8298FC9F84E" box="[639,763,1975,2000]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FDABF8298FC9F84E" box="[639,763,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, specimens depicted always have a conspicuous pattern that allows for their identification as 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFC8FFA0FD60F84C8E25F872" box="[692,791,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
, principally regarding the specific arrangement and color (strong yellow and orange in live specimens) of their intricate dorsal vermiculated design and broad banding of the posterior tail region. Some larger specimens of 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FD72FF2D8E3BFF55" box="[678,777,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
have a slightly finer vermiculate pattern dorsally, but most specimens present a broader vermiculate pattern. Elevated chromatic variation is to be expected given what we know of other highly patterned species of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFCBFFA3FDBBFE958E3DFE9D" box="[623,783,261,284]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FDBBFE958E3DFE9D" box="[623,783,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as in a new species being described from the mid to upper Rio Tapajós.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFCBFFA3FF13FEDD8960FDDE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFCBFFA3FF13FEDD8C8FFEE5" box="[199,445,333,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FF13FEDD8C8FFEE5" box="[199,445,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been imported by commercial ornamental fish dealers for at least 13 years, and is considered a difficult species to keep in captivity (
<bibRefCitation id="0C634B31FFCBFFA3FD1EFEFF8EF7FE06" author="Ross" box="[714,965,367,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Ross, R. A. &amp; Schafer, F. (2000) Aqualog Susswasser Rochen: Freshwater Rays. Verlag ACS, Morfelden-Walldorf, 192 p." type="book" year="2000">Ross &amp; Schäfer, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Allegedly, it is capable of reaching sizes of up to 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFCBFFA3FF2DFE048C17FE2D" box="[249,293,404,428]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
in disc width (which would make it one of the largest species of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFCBFFA3FBDAFE05899CFE2D" box="[1038,1198,405,428]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FBDAFE05899CFE2D" box="[1038,1198,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The impact on this species stemming from this trade is unknown. Much work on its basic biology, including its reproductive parameters and population dynamics, is needed in order to properly evaluate if conservation measures should be enacted. Presently, all that can be determined concerning its reproduction is that the 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFCBFFA3FC0FFE6F890FFD96" box="[987,1085,511,535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFCBFFA3FB9FFE6F899BFD96" box="[1099,1193,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="495.0">495 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFCBFFA3FB0AFE6F8809FD96" box="[1246,1339,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="271.0">271 mm</quantity>
DL, and 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFCBFFA3FF43FDB48DC4FDBD" box="[151,246,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.58" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="258.0">258 mm</quantity>
DW) is a juvenile male with barely noticeable claspers (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFCBFFA3FC50FDB48ED4FDBD" box="[900,998,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1630,1653]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,155,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[174,1418,155,1617]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Morphological details of holotype of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. (MUSM 39978). A) Dorsal head and snout region. B) Nasoral region. C) Posterior disc and dorsal tail base region. D) Ventral view of pelvic fins. E) Posterior right side of disc, in dorsal view. F) Dorsal view of pelvic fins. Scale bars = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227622/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3</figureCitation>
D); we suspect that sexual maturity in males begins at about 
<quantity id="AF0A9B25FFCBFFA3FE44FDD78CDEFDDE" box="[400,492,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 mm</quantity>
DW based on other specimens seen but not preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFCBFFA3FF43FD1F8F8CFC46" blockId="10.[151,1436,655,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FF43FD1F8C8BFD29" bold="true" box="[151,441,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
. The 
<typeStatus id="B7498862FFCBFFA3FE2FFD1F8F6FFD26" box="[507,605,655,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is from Río Nanay, a moderate blackwater tributary of Río Amazonas, at Pampa Chica, near Iquitos, 
<collectingCountry id="10E57650FFCBFFA3FE18FD258CCDFD4D" box="[460,511,693,716]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFCBFFA3FDDAFD248F5DFD4D" box="[526,623,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1938,1961]" captionTargetBox="[205,1391,1021,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[205,1392,1021,1917]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographic distributions of Potamotrygon tigrina, n. sp. (star, type locality), and P. schroederi (circles, type locality solid) examined in this study. Base map by M. J. Weitzman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319970/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 7</figureCitation>
). Pampa Chica is a large beach of fine sand along the left bank of a hairpin curve in river, approximately 11 river km upstream from the confluence with Río Amazonas (
<figureCitation id="F0C92A45FFCBFFA3FB22FD47886AFD6E" box="[1270,1368,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1068,1091]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,159,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[159,1432,159,1058]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Río Nanay at Pampa Chica, large sandy beach along left bank of hairpin curve in river (flowing towards right), approximately 11 river km upstream from confluence with Río Amazonas and 4 km west of Iquitos center. Photo taken August 18, 2003. Large sandy beach where ANSP 182452 was collected in 2005 is largely submerged. Photograph by M. Sabaj Pérez." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227626/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 8</figureCitation>
). The specimen was collected in a bag seine pulled near shore shortly after sunset. The aquarium literature has many photographs of specimens of this species, but usually without precise locality information. These specimens were probably sold in the Iquitos ornamental fish market, which relies heavily on stingray material from the Río Nanay and Río Tigre, another affluent of Río Amazonas farther west than Río Nanay. We suspect, however, that 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FAE0FCF988AAFC01" box="[1332,1432,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. t i g r i n a</emphasis>
is slightly more widespread in the upper Río Amazonas (according to one aquarium importer, it also occurs in the Río Putumayo as well, but this is not confirmed).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFCBFFA3FF43F8028E7BF846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/319970/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[205,1391,1021,1916]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFCBFFA3FF43F8028E7BF846" blockId="10.[151,1436,1938,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FF43F8028C22F829" bold="true" box="[151,272,1938,1961]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Geographic distributions of 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFCBFFA3FD9DF8048E1BF828" box="[585,809,1940,1961]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FD9DF8048E1BF828" box="[585,809,1940,1961]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Potamotrygon tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41B557A9FFCBFFA3FCEDF8048E46F828" box="[825,884,1940,1961]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(star, type locality), and 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFCBFFA3FB57F804883EF828" box="[1155,1292,1939,1961]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schroederi">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCBFFA3FB57F804883EF828" box="[1155,1292,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. schroederi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles, type locality solid) examined in this study. Base map by M. J. Weitzman.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3C8D6648FFCAFFA2FF43FBBC88A8FB00" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3227626/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[159,1431,159,1057]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFCAFFA2FF43FBBC88A8FB00" blockId="11.[151,1436,1068,1153]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCAFFA2FF43FBBC8C3FFBC3" bold="true" box="[151,269,1068,1091]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. Río Nanay at Pampa Chica, large sandy beach along left bank of hairpin curve in river (flowing towards right), approximately 11 river km upstream from confluence with Río Amazonas and 4 km west of Iquitos center. Photo taken August 18, 2003. Large sandy beach where ANSP 182452 was collected in 2005 is largely submerged. Photograph by M. Sabaj Pérez.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="20E8654BFFCAFFA2FF43FB3E8EBEFAB3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFCAFFA2FF43FB3E893EFB6B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1198,1258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCAFFA2FF43FB3E8C24FB47" bold="true" box="[151,278,1198,1222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName id="AFF24D43FFCAFFA2FDC5FB3F8F6FFB47" box="[529,605,1199,1222]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCAFFA2FDC5FB3F8F6FFB47" box="[529,605,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tigrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
derives from the Latin 
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCAFFA2FCBBFB3F8E98FB47" box="[879,938,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tigris</emphasis>
, in reference to its conspicuous dorsal disc color and vertically striped color pattern on distal tail region. Gender feminine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684D36C0FFCAFFA2FF43FA8A8EBEFAB3" blockId="11.[151,908,1306,1331]" box="[151,908,1306,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="5A86EAD2FFCAFFA2FF43FA8A8C8EFAB3" bold="true" box="[151,444,1306,1330]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Proposed common name</emphasis>
. Tiger ray (as in the aquarium literature).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>