treatments-xml/data/40/1E/87/401E87EBFFF4FF843DD58052FC60FEDE.xml

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<mods:title id="C215DE7C2F05068AA932463C55669CC4">Redescription and mitochondrial identification of Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) based on fresh material from the Persian Gulf, Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="11A69FDF75BAD9F2D405F2A22AC8F778">Naderloo, Reza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D290A4D967DFE3806554489D42BC6D9">Schubart, Christoph D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FA13046BBB3D1A865E54E5045D4D7086">2009</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813DD58052FD26FC7C" blockId="2.[151,644,874,900]" box="[151,644,874,900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="93408191FFF4FF813DD58052FD26FC7C" bold="true" box="[151,644,874,900]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF4FF813DD58052FD26FC7C" ID-CoL="7TVNX" authority="Calman, 1920" authorityName="Calman" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,644,874,900]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813DD58052FD26FC7C" bold="true" box="[151,644,874,900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813DD58052FE1FFC7C" bold="true" box="[151,445,874,900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Chiromantes boulengeri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF4FF813C8E8052FDD9FC7C" author="Calman" box="[460,635,874,900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Calman W. T. (1920) A new crab of the Genus Sesarma from Basra. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 5 (9), 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1920">Calman, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80AD6576FFF4FF813DD5808CFB0AFC14" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813DD5808CFD0EFC33" blockId="2.[151,1192,948,1005]" box="[151,684,948,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E8A711D3FFF4FF813DD5808CFD0EFC33" box="[151,684,948,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF4FF813DD5808CFD90FC33" ID-CoL="7Z28Q" authority="Calman, 1920: 63" authorityName="Calman" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,562,948,971]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813DD5808CFECFFC33" box="[151,365,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Sesarma boulengeri</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="491610ECFFF4FF813C31808CFD90FC33" author="Calman" box="[371,562,948,971]" page="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF4FF813C31808CFDAEFC33" author="Calman" box="[371,524,948,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Calman W. T. (1920) A new crab of the Genus Sesarma from Basra. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 5 (9), 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1920">Calman, 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 63
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–65, fig. A.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813DD580EEFB0AFC14" blockId="2.[151,1192,948,1005]" box="[151,1192,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E8A711D3FFF4FF813DD580EEFB0AFC14" box="[151,1192,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF4FF813DD580EEFE38FC15" ID-CoL="7TVNX" box="[151,410,982,1005]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813DD580EEFE38FC15" box="[151,410,982,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Chiromantes boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="491610ECFFF4FF813C8080EDFD7BFC14" author="Apel" box="[450,729,981,1004]" page="133" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF4FF813C8080EDFD06FC14" author="Apel" box="[450,676,981,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Apel M. &amp; Turkay M. (1999) Taxonomic composition, distribution and zoogeographic relationships of the grapsid and ocypodid crab fauna of intertidal soft bottoms in the Arabian Gulf. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 49 (suppl. A), 131 - 142." type="journal article" year="1999">Apel &amp; Türkay 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 133
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="491610ECFFF4FF813FA680EDFC2EFC14" author="Apel" box="[740,908,981,1004]" page="116" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF4FF813FA680EDFCFAFC14" author="Apel" box="[740,856,981,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Apel M. (2001) Taxonomie und Zoogeographie der Brachyura, Paguridea und Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) des Persisch-Arabischen Golfes. Ph. D. Thesis, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, pp. 1 - 268." type="book chapter" year="2001">Apel 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 116
</treatmentCitation>
; Ng 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813EFD80ECFC5BFC15" box="[959,1017,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 220, 222.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80AD6576FFF4FF813DD58725FADFF9D6" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813DD58725FD27FBCF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1053,2007]" box="[151,645,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813DD58725FEE2FBCF" bold="true" box="[151,320,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="170C885FFFF4FF813DD58725FF76FBCF" box="[151,212,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Shat Al Arab (Basra), 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF4FF813F0C8725FD23FBCF" box="[590,641,1053,1079]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Iraq</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813D87877BFD0DFB2A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1053,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813D87877BFED6FBA5" bold="true" box="[197,372,1091,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">New material.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813C39877CFE76FBA6" box="[379,468,1092,1118]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="AEA6AE38FFF4FF813CA1877CFD90FBA6" box="[483,562,1092,1118]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">ZUTC</collectionCode>
Brach 1151), 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF4FF813F94877CFCAAFBA6" box="[726,776,1092,1118]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Iran</collectingCountry>
, Bahmanshir River, summer 2006, coll. E. Gholinezhad; 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813DD58752FF4BFB7C" box="[151,233,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813DB48752FEFFFB7C" box="[246,349,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="AEA6AE38FFF4FF813C2F8752FE1EFB7C" box="[365,444,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">ZUTC</collectionCode>
Brach 1153), same data; 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813FA88752FCFAFB7C" box="[746,856,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">18 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813E268752FC46FB7C" box="[868,996,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="female">27 females</specimenCount>
(16 ovigerous), 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF8139EB8752FB49FB7C" box="[1193,1259,1130,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="generic">3 juv.</specimenCount>
(SMF-33818), 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF4FF813DD587A9FF6BFB53" box="[151,201,1169,1195]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Iran</collectingCountry>
, Abadan, Bahmanshir River, 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF4FF813F6087A9FDF4FB53" box="[546,598,1169,1195]" name="Poland" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Pole</collectingCountry>
Tanki Abolhassan, 30º 21΄ 0 1.5″N, 48º 18΄ 35.9″E, 
<date id="BC09103DFFF4FF8139F687A9FA99FB53" box="[1204,1339,1169,1195]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="2008-05-20">20.05.2008</date>
, coll. R. Naderloo, A. Kazemi (
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813CE68780FE53FB2A" box="[420,497,1208,1234]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="AEA6AE38FFF4FF813CBB8780FD9BFB2A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[505,569,1208,1234]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813D8787E6FBA5FA18" blockId="2.[151,1437,1053,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813D8787E6FE7CFB00" bold="true" box="[197,478,1246,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Comparative material</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF4FF813CAF87E7FC2FFB00" authority="Calman, 1920" authorityName="Calman" authorityYear="1920" box="[493,909,1246,1272]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813CAF87E7FD79FB00" box="[493,731,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Sesarma boulengeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF4FF813FA687E6FC2FFB00" author="Calman" box="[740,909,1246,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Calman W. T. (1920) A new crab of the Genus Sesarma from Basra. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 5 (9), 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1920">Calman, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<typeStatus id="170C885FFFF4FF813ED887E6FBA8FB00" box="[922,1034,1246,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF81395487E6FBC5FB00" box="[1046,1127,1246,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CL 23.4, CB 27.00 mm) (NHM 2002.298), largest male of the four specimens of 1919.11.14.1-4, herewith designated as 
<typeStatus id="170C885FFFF4FF81385F863DFA2DFAE7" box="[1309,1423,1285,1311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
), Ashar Creek, Basra, 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF4FF813CD38614FE66FABE" box="[401,452,1324,1350]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, coll. C.H. Boulenger, 1919 (
<collectionCode id="AEA6AE38FFF4FF813E678614FCC5FABE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[805,871,1324,1350]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher); 
<typeStatus id="170C885FFFF4FF813EA88614FB34FABE" box="[1002,1174,1324,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF8139DD8614FB52FABE" box="[1183,1264,1324,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CL 17.8, CB 
<quantity id="0F4F9B18FFF4FF813DD5866AFEAEFA94" box="[151,268,1362,1388]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="21.1">21.1 mm</quantity>
), 2 ovigerous females (CL 19.8-22.2, CB 23.9-26.8), (NHM 2002.299-301, remaining three specimens of 1919.11.14.1-4), Ashar Creek, Basra, 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF4FF813FB08641FC86FA6B" box="[754,804,1401,1427]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, coll. C.H. Boulenger, 1919; 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF4FF81393A8641FA37FA6A" box="[1144,1429,1401,1426]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF81393A8641FA37FA6A" box="[1144,1429,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Chiromantes boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813DD58698FF4EFA42" box="[151,236,1440,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813DBB8698FEC0FA42" box="[249,354,1440,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(NHM 1892.9.16.7.20), FAO, Persian Gulf, determined by M. Apel, 
<date id="BC09103DFFF4FF8139F38698FA9FFA42" box="[1201,1341,1440,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="1997-10-28">28.10.1997</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF8138088698FA3FFA42" box="[1354,1437,1440,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(NHM 1999.124), FAO, Persian Gulf, determined by M. Apel, 
<date id="BC09103DFFF4FF813E3986FEFBA1FA18" box="[891,1027,1478,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="1997-10-28">28.10.1997</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813D8786D5FADFF9D6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1053,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF4FF813D8786D5FCE2F9FF" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[197,832,1517,1543]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dehaani">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813D8786D5FE7EF9FE" box="[197,476,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Chiromantes dehaani</emphasis>
(H. Milne Edwards, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
, 1 ovigerous female (
<collectionCode id="AEA6AE38FFF4FF81391986D5FB39F9FF" box="[1115,1179,1517,1543]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">ZRC</collectionCode>
2002.0226), 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF4FF81380986D5FA3BF9FF" box="[1355,1433,1517,1543]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Kagoshima Prefecture Satsuma Peninsula, mouth of Izaku River, 
<date id="BC09103DFFF4FF813ED5852CFBBFF9D6" box="[919,1053,1556,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="2000-08-30">30.08.2000</date>
, leg. Suzuki, (
<collectionCode id="AEA6AE38FFF4FF813986852CFAA7F9D6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[1220,1285,1556,1582]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">DNA</collectionCode>
voucher).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80AD6576FFF4FF843D878503FC60FEDE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813D878503FC2AF983" blockId="2.[151,1437,1053,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF4FF813D878503FD1AF9AC" authority="De Haan, 1835" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1835" box="[197,696,1594,1620]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarmops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813D878503FE46F9AC" box="[197,484,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Sesarmops intermedium</emphasis>
(De Haan, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<specimenCount id="DEB1FD74FFF4FF813F878502FCB5F9AC" box="[709,791,1594,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(ZRC 2000.1834), 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF4FF8139418502FBFFF9AC" box="[1027,1117,1594,1620]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Pingtung, Kangkou River mouth, 
<date id="BC09103DFFF4FF813DB28559FED5F983" box="[240,375,1633,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="1999-09-14">14.09.1999</date>
, H.-C. Liu &amp; C.D. Schubart (DNA voucher).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF813D8785BFFB64F848" blockId="2.[151,1437,1053,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF4FF813D8785BFFEDDF959" bold="true" box="[197,383,1671,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Redescription.</emphasis>
Carapace squarish (almost quadrate) (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF4FF813E1085B0FC05F95A" box="[850,935,1672,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,429,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[203,1386,429,1861]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Male (CL 17.3, CB 20.7 mm), Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, dorsal view; b, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
a, 3a), slightly broader than long (CL/CB about 1.17–1.20), greatest breadth slightly posterior to exorbital teeth, no anterolateral teeth; slightly convex (in particular at posterior region); surface smooth, nearly glabrous, some short setae scarcely scattered on carapace, particularly on posterolateral regions; regions well defined, arched prominent groove separating gastric from cardiac region, one pair of very small tubercles in middle of groove; two other arched, less distinct grooves in gastric region. Intestinal region distinctly depressed, separated from cardiac region by rather shallow, wide groove. Oval groove, more or less prominent, in hepatic region, just behind of orbit. Eight smooth ridges with different length on lateral region, with two short ones in between.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF4FF803D848485FEA7FF07" blockId="2.[151,1437,1053,2007]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,371]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
Front strongly deflexed, 4 lobes in frontal region, 2 middle ones larger than lateral ones; frontal edge gently curved upwards, sinuous, nearly bilobed; region between frontal lobes, frontal edge concave; low transverse elevation, somewhat fragmentary in front of middle frontal lobes, lateral angles of front rounded (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF5FF803DDD83DDFF47FF07" box="[159,229,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF5FF803D878234FD88FE8B" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
Basal segments of antennae, antennules separated by distinct segment (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF5FF8039608234FBC8FEDE" box="[1058,1130,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
b), long setae cover three proximal segments of antenna, antennule; flagellum of antenna very short, extends shortly beyond orbital hiatus, not reaching cornea of eye.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9CC86675FFF5FF803DD58450FE67F85A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188287/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[203,1385,429,1860]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF5FF803DD58450FE67F85A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1896,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF5FF803DD58450FEBAF878" bold="true" box="[151,280,1896,1920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF5FF803C5D8450FD73F887" authority="Calman, 1920" authorityName="Calman" authorityYear="1920" box="[287,721,1896,1919]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF5FF803C5D8450FD83F887" box="[287,545,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Chiromantes boulengeri</emphasis>
(Calman, 1920)
</taxonomicName>
. Male (CL 17.3, CB 20.7 mm), Bahmanshir River (SMF-33818). a, dorsal view; b, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9CC86675FFF2FF873DD585E0FB24F8AF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF2FF873DD585E0FB24F8AF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1752,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF2FF873DD585E0FEB8F908" bold="true" box="[151,282,1752,1776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF2FF873C6085E0FD7FF917" authority="Calman, 1920" authorityName="Calman" authorityYear="1920" box="[290,733,1752,1775]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF2FF873C6085E0FD8BF917" box="[290,553,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Chiromantes boulengeri</emphasis>
(Calman, 1920)
</taxonomicName>
. Bahmanshir River (SMF-33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a–f 1cm, g–h 1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF2FF863D8784BDFAA4FF20" blockId="4.[151,1436,1925,2029]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Ischium of third maxilliped almost same size as merus, with submedian shallow groove; merus suboval, posterior surface with elevated ridge extending from inner angle of anterior margin to median part of posterior margin, with wide sulcus lateral to ridge, relatively deep groove on lateral part. Inner margins of ischium, merus with long setae; lateral margin of ischium with dense short setae, that of merus with scarce short setae; surface of merus with short bristles, that of ischium smooth without pubescence; exopod slender.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF3FF863D8783DDFBBBFCBB" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Chelipeds equal, sometimes subequal, distinctly large; ischium smooth with relatively large tooth on inner margin; outer surface of merus with finely granulated transverse ridges, inner surface smooth with longitudinal line of brown setae near inner margin, inner margin dentate on two-thirds of proximal part, subdistally roundly expanded, distally smooth, lower margin dentate, outer margin serrate. Carpus with spinelike tooth on inner margin, outer surface with granulated short ridges, with L-shaped depression on distal part. Palm (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF3FF863DA4829EFE8CFE38" box="[230,302,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
c) massive, oblique granular ridges on lower margin, on proximal part of outer surface; outer surface with small granules on lower half, large granules on middle area, sometimes 5, 6 in longitudinal row, smaller ones on upper part of outer surface; upper surface (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF3FF863E2082CCFC0BFDF6" box="[866,937,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
d) with prominent 2, 3 small longitudinal granular ridges; inner surface with small granules on lower half, an oblique line of relatively large granules extending from base of immovable finger towards upper part, 2, 3 large granules on upper part. Fingers with small gap in between, widening distally; movable finger slender, relatively arched, curving gently inwards, longer than palm, small granules on dorsal margin, proximally numerous, extending distally into a row, while becoming smaller, lower. Cutting edge of movable finger with 3 large teeth: 1 proximal, 1 distal, 1 middle; cutting edge of immovable finger with 4 large teeth: 3 proximal (with distal first 2 fused), 1 distal, some low teeth between them. Tips of fingers pectinated, scalloped, that of movable finger nearly tridentate. Cheliped of female small, more narrow, otherwise possessing all features of that of male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF3FF863D878068FB45FBD3" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Walking legs medium-sized, third, second pairs longest; merus with granular transverse ridges on upper surface, upper surface of last walking legs nearly smooth with few ridges on anterior part, anterior margin serrated, with subdistal tooth, posterior margin smooth. Carpus with 2 carinae on posterior surface, 1 on anterior surface; anterior margin of carpus, propodus densely covered with short brown setae, with some large bristles in between. Propodus slightly longer than carpus, with one carina on posterior, anterior surfaces. Dactylus slender, of nearly same length as propodus, with setae on anterior, posterior margins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF3FF863D878700FC22FB67" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Anterior margin of first thoracic sternites (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF3FF863FF68700FD5AFBAA" box="[692,760,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
e) densely covered with setae, row of relatively long setae along suture of second, third sternites; fused third, fourth sternites relatively narrow, abdominal cavity near suture of second, third sternites, reaching to coxae of chelipeds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF3FF863D878794FA30FAEB" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Male abdomen (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF3FF863CCF8794FE77FB3E" box="[397,469,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
f) widely triangular, margin of segments with short dense setae; sixth segment longer than fifth, with arched anterodistal margin; telson clearly longer than sixth segment, lateral margin proximally nearly straight, becoming strongly convex distally, forming wide triangular tip, with scarce setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF3FF863D878618FE1DFA2D" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
G1 (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF3FF863DB88618FEE3FAC2" box="[250,321,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Fig. 
<quantity id="0F4F9B18FFF3FF863C718618FEE3FAC2" box="[307,321,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="g" value="3.0">3</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g) straight, clear longitudinal depression on ventral surface near lateral margin; inner margin distally roundly expanded; terminal pectinated part gently bent outwards, with concave apical margin, small pectinated process (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF3FF863C3C8655FE61FA7F" box="[382,451,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
h), nearly triangular, laterally to terminal part. Genital opening (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF3FF8639F28655FB57FA7F" box="[1200,1269,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Fig. 
<date id="BC09103DFFF3FF8639A58655FB57FA7F" box="[1255,1269,1389,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">3</date>
</figureCitation>
i) subdistal on ventral surface of terminal pectinated part, long setae covering terminal part, not fully concealing it, short setae along outer margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF3FF863D8786D9FF4CF944" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Female gonopore (
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF3FF863CEB86D9FE52FA03" box="[425,496,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,218,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[165,1421,197,1692]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chiromantes boulengeri (Calman, 1920). Bahmanshir River (SMF- 33818). a, carapace of male; b, frontal region of male; c, outer surface of right cheliped of male; d, upper surface of right male cheliped; e, anterior thoracic sternites (setae removed) of male; f, abdomen of male; g, right G 1 (dorsal view); h, apical part of right G 1 (ventral view); i, apical part of right G 1 (dorsal view); j, genital opening of female. Scale: a – f 1 cm, g – h 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
j) in depression on anterior edge of sternite 5, attached to posterior margin of sternite 4, with elevated small operculum, directed inwards, sternite 5 scarcely covered with plumose setae. Colour. Live animals dark grey on dorsal surface of carapace; chelipeds, walking legs slightly lighter colour than carapace, ventral surface light, abdomen distinct by its light brown colour. Chelae white to light brown from anterior view. Granules on palm, fingers distinctly white, lower, inner portions of palm sometimes pale orange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF3FF853D8785F1FCE7FF20" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,912]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
Habitat. The species was found in muddy banks of the Shat Al Arab and Bahmanshir rivers, where it digs burrows. 
<typeStatus id="170C885FFFF3FF863C4585C8FEE0F8F2" box="[263,322,1776,1802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
material was collected from Ashar Creek near Basra (the Euphrates River) about 
<quantity id="0F4F9B18FFF3FF86384D85C8FAF9F8F2" box="[1295,1371,1776,1802]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="96.0">96 km</quantity>
from the sea in fresh water (
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF3FF863CE0842EFDEFF8C8" author="Calman" box="[418,589,1814,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Calman W. T. (1920) A new crab of the Genus Sesarma from Basra. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 5 (9), 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1920">Calman, 1920</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF3FF863F23842EFCC9F8C8" author="Apel" box="[609,875,1814,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Apel M. &amp; Turkay M. (1999) Taxonomic composition, distribution and zoogeographic relationships of the grapsid and ocypodid crab fauna of intertidal soft bottoms in the Arabian Gulf. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 49 (suppl. A), 131 - 142." type="journal article" year="1999">Apel &amp; Türkay (1999)</bibRefCitation>
examined several other specimens deposited in the British Museum of Natural History in London, which were found together with 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF3FF8639308405FADEF8AE" box="[1138,1404,1853,1878]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatum">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF3FF8639308405FADEF8AE" box="[1138,1404,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Parasesarma plicatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same jar labelled as collected from “FAO” (M. Apel, personal communication). Fao is official pronunciation of Al Faw, a city about 
<quantity id="0F4F9B18FFF3FF863F1284B2FD38F85C" box="[592,666,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
from the sea. 
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF3FF863E7C84B2FBE7F85C" author="Apel" box="[830,1093,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Apel M. &amp; Turkay M. (1999) Taxonomic composition, distribution and zoogeographic relationships of the grapsid and ocypodid crab fauna of intertidal soft bottoms in the Arabian Gulf. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 49 (suppl. A), 131 - 142." type="journal article" year="1999">Apel &amp; Türkay (1999)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that at this station which located at the mouth of the river, 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF3FF863F328489FCB0F832" box="[624,786,1969,1995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF3FF863F328489FD21F832" box="[624,643,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF3FF863FD18489FCB0F832" box="[659,786,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
coexists with 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF3FF863EFE8489FBE3F832" box="[956,1089,1969,1995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatum">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF3FF863EFE8489FC69F832" box="[956,971,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF3FF863E998489FBE3F832" box="[987,1089,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">plicatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All recently collected adults of 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF3FF863DF484E0FEF5F809" box="[182,343,2008,2034]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF3FF863DF484E0FF6BF809" box="[182,201,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF3FF863D9A84E0FEF5F809" box="[216,343,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, show complete independence from the sea, and it would not be possible to explain its range extension down these rivers. So far, it has been clear that this species shows no coexistence with 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF8538C483A0FF5FFF20" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plicatum">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF8538C483A0FA37FF49" box="[1414,1429,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853DD58387FF5FFF20" box="[151,253,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">plicatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which lives in the downstream areas of the river.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF0FF853D8783DDFBB5FC68" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853D8783DDFE18FF07" bold="true" box="[197,442,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Molecular results.</emphasis>
The molecular dataset consisted of 615 aligned characters of which 479 were conserved, 99 variable, and 53 parsimony-informative. GTR+G+I with a gamma shape of 0.468 and an invariable proportion of 0.538 was selected as the best-fitting evolutionary model by MODELTEST and implemented for subsequent Bayesian analysis. The tree topology was in agreement with the one of the Maximum Composite Likelihood which is shown in 
<figureCitation id="508C2A78FFF0FF853E4682B8FCEAFE62" box="[772,840,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[202,1390,976,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[177,1411,967,1566]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of selected species of Chiromantes and other Sesarmidae according to a Bayesian analysis (5 my generations) and Maximum Composite Likelihood (5,000 pseudorepilcates) of a 615 basepair alignment of 16 S ribosomal mtDNA. Consensus tree shown with bootstrap values / posterior probabilities expressing support for the corresponding clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188289/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
together with posterior probabilities and bootstrap values exceeding 50%. According to this phylogeny, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853EDF829FFB9AFE38" box="[925,1080,423,448]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853EDF829FFB9AFE38" box="[925,1080,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Chiromantes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a paraphyletic assemblage including in close relationship representatives of the genera 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853E1882F5FC7BFE1E" box="[858,985,461,486]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarmops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853E1882F5FC7BFE1E" box="[858,985,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Sesarmops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF85395182F5FB2DFE1E" box="[1043,1167,461,486]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Bresedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF85395182F5FB2DFE1E" box="[1043,1167,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Bresedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most derived seem to be the East African species 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853CA982CCFDDEFDF5" box="[491,636,500,526]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eulimene">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853CA982CCFE5CFDF5" box="[491,510,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853F4D82CCFDDEFDF5" box="[527,636,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">eulimene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853FFB82CCFCEEFDF5" box="[697,844,500,526]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ortmanni">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853FFB82CCFD6EFDF5" box="[697,716,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853F9F82CCFCEEFDF5" box="[733,844,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">ortmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This confirms the need of revision of this large genus (see Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF853C278122FE79FDCC" author="Liu" box="[357,475,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Ng P. K. L &amp; Liu H. C. (1999) Taxonomy of Sesarma tangi Rathbun, 1931 and S. stormi De Man, 1895 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae: Sesarmidae), with Establishment of new genus for S. stormi. Zoological Studies, 38 (2), 228 - 237." type="journal article" year="1999">Liu, 1999</bibRefCitation>
; Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF853F708122FD45FDCC" author="Schubart" box="[562,743,538,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Ng P. K. L &amp; Schubart C. D. (2003) On the identities of Sesarma obesum Dana, 1851, and Sesarma eydouxi H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae). Zoosystema, 25 (3), 425 - 437." type="journal article" year="2003">Schubart, 2003</bibRefCitation>
; Ng 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853E628122FCF9FDCB" box="[800,859,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008; Ng &amp; Schubart, in progress). The species 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853DD58179FE14FDA2" box="[151,438,577,602]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853DD58179FE14FDA2" box="[151,438,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Chiromantes boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently holds an outgroup position to a clade comprised of 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF8539D18179FAF5FDA2" box="[1171,1367,577,603]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematocheir">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF8539D18179FB04FDA2" box="[1171,1190,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF8539F78179FAF5FDA2" box="[1205,1367,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">haematocheir</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="170C885FFFF0FF8538258179FA39FDA3" box="[1383,1435,577,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus), 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853CE38150FD81FD79" box="[417,547,616,642]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dehaani">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853CE38150FE16FD79" box="[417,436,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853C868150FD81FD79" box="[452,547,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">dehaani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853F258150FC27FD79" box="[615,901,616,641]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarmops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853F258150FC27FD79" box="[615,901,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Sesarmops intermedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Apparently, no closely related species to 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF8538C38150FEB4FD50" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF8538C38150FA36FD79" box="[1409,1428,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853DD581B7FEB4FD50" box="[151,278,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor to 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853C2A81B7FDEFFD50" box="[360,589,655,680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Bresedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853C2A81B7FDEFFD50" box="[360,589,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Bresedium brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was among the here sampled taxa. Thus, there is no evidence for a close genetic relationship between the morphologically similar species 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853EE1818DFBE4FD36" box="[931,1094,693,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853EE1818DFC14FD36" box="[931,950,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853E84818DFBE4FD36" box="[966,1094,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF8539C0818DFAA6FD36" box="[1154,1284,693,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dehaani">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF8539C0818DFB37FD36" box="[1154,1173,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF8539E7818DFAA6FD36" box="[1189,1284,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">dehaani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but rather a clustering according to geography of all the East Asian species, where a radiation of crabs from mangroves and estuaries may have taken place. This will be analysed further with additional representatives. The two sequence of 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853C6C8011FE76FCBA" box="[302,468,809,835]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853C6C8011FEE3FCBA" box="[302,321,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853C108011FE76FCBA" box="[338,468,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are genetically identical, confirming conspecific status of Calman's (1920) 
<typeStatus id="170C885FFFF0FF85382B8011FA3FFCBB" box="[1385,1437,809,835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
from Basra (
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF0FF853C768068FEC8FC92" box="[308,362,848,874]" name="Iraq" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Iraq</collectingCountry>
) and the new material from 
<collectingCountry id="B0A0766DFFF0FF853F938068FCA6FC92" box="[721,772,848,874]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Iran</collectingCountry>
and the lack of genetic differentiation between river systems, probably due to the marine larval dispersal within the Persian Gulf.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9CC86675FFF0FF853DD5850EFD3EF94E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188289/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[202,1390,976,1559]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF0FF853DD5850EFD3EF94E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1590,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853DD5850EFEB8F9B6" bold="true" box="[151,282,1590,1614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of selected species of 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853961850FFB0FF9B6" box="[1059,1197,1591,1614]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853961850FFB0FF9B6" box="[1059,1197,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Chiromantes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853862850FFA3EF9B6" box="[1312,1436,1591,1614]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
according to a Bayesian analysis (5 my generations) and Maximum Composite Likelihood (5,000 pseudorepilcates) of a 615 basepair alignment of 16S ribosomal mtDNA. Consensus tree shown with bootstrap values / posterior probabilities expressing support for the corresponding clades.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF0FF843D8785D0FC64FF20" blockId="6.[151,1437,1768,2026]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,294]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853D8785D0FE6FF8FA" bold="true" box="[197,461,1768,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
. The taxonomic position of 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853E7185D0FB0FF8FA" authority="Calman, 1920" authorityName="Calman" authorityYear="1920" box="[819,1197,1768,1794]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853E7185D0FC42F8F9" box="[819,992,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">C. boulengeri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF853EB385D0FB06F8FA" author="Calman" box="[1009,1188,1768,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Calman W. T. (1920) A new crab of the Genus Sesarma from Basra. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 5 (9), 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1920">Calman, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is not clear. It was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF853C7A8437FE4CF8D1" author="Calman" box="[312,494,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Calman W. T. (1920) A new crab of the Genus Sesarma from Basra. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 5 (9), 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1920">Calman (1920)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853F558437FCAAF8D0" box="[535,776,1807,1832]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853F558437FCAAF8D0" box="[535,776,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Sesarma boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but 
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF853E048437FBC9F8D1" author="Apel" box="[838,1131,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Apel M. &amp; Turkay M. (1999) Taxonomic composition, distribution and zoogeographic relationships of the grapsid and ocypodid crab fauna of intertidal soft bottoms in the Arabian Gulf. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 49 (suppl. A), 131 - 142." type="journal article" year="1999">Apel and Türkay (1999)</bibRefCitation>
placed it in 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF8538418437FE91F8B7" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF8538418437FA3EF8D0" box="[1283,1436,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Chiromantes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF853DD5840DFE91F8B7" author="Gistel" box="[151,307,1845,1871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Gistel, H. (1848) Naturgeschichte de Thierreiches fur hohere Schulen bearbeitet. Stuttgart. 220 pp, 32 pls." type="book" year="1848">Gistel, 1848</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by referring to a comment by Holthuis (1977). A useful account of 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF8539C8840EFA8AF8B7" box="[1162,1320,1846,1871]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF8539C8840EFA8AF8B7" box="[1162,1320,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Chiromantes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been provided by Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF853C358464FE54F88E" box="[375,502,1884,1910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Ng P. K. L &amp; Liu H. C. (1999) Taxonomy of Sesarma tangi Rathbun, 1931 and S. stormi De Man, 1895 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae: Sesarmidae), with Establishment of new genus for S. stormi. Zoological Studies, 38 (2), 228 - 237." type="journal article">Liu (1999)</bibRefCitation>
who argue that the species composition of the genus is heterogeneous. In their paper, they commented that the species can roughly separated into two broad groups, with smaller groupings within each. One subgrouping includes 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853F2F8492FB27F83C" authority="A. Milne-Edwards, 1869" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1869" box="[621,1157,1962,1988]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatum">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853F2F8492FCF5F83B" box="[621,855,1962,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Sesarma elongatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF853E1D8492FB27F83C" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[863,1157,1962,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1869) Notes sur quelques nouvelles especes du genre Sesarma (Say). Nouvelle Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 5, 25 - 31." type="journal article" year="1869">A. Milne-Edwards, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which more recently is recognised as a member of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF0FF853F2F84E8FC7FF812" authority="Serene &amp; Soh, 1970" authorityName="Serene &amp; Soh" authorityYear="1970" box="[621,989,2000,2026]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Selatium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF853F2F84E8FD7BF811" box="[621,729,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">Selatium</emphasis>
Serène &amp; Soh, 1970
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="AC264B0CFFF0FF85396384E8FB70F812" author="Hartnoll" box="[1057,1234,2000,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="68" refString="Hartnoll R. G. (1975) The Grapsidae and Ocypodidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Tanzania. Journal of Zoology, 177, 305 - 328." type="journal article" year="1975">Hartnoll 1975</bibRefCitation>
; Ng 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF0FF85384C84E8FAEFF811" box="[1294,1357,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
2008; Schubart 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF1FF843C4583A0FEE1FF49" box="[263,323,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
in press), with the others in another group. A complete revision of 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF1FF84392783A0FB5EFF49" box="[1125,1276,152,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF1FF84392783A0FB5EFF49" box="[1125,1276,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Chiromantes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now being undertaken by P. K. L. Ng and the second author of the present paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80836FDFFF1FF843D8783DDFC60FEDE" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
In view of the genetic information and the upcoming revision of 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF1FF843EA583DDFB21FF06" box="[999,1155,229,254]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Chiromantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF1FF843EA583DDFB21FF06" box="[999,1155,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Chiromantes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it seems best to leave 
<taxonomicName id="0FB74D7EFFF1FF843DD58234FE20FEDD" box="[151,386,268,293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF1FF843DD58234FE20FEDD" box="[151,386,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Sesarma boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the genus for the moment (cf. Ng 
<emphasis id="FAC3EAEFFFF1FF843E768234FCCDFEDD" box="[820,879,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
2008).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>