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37 KiB
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375 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835" ID-PMC="PMC5234548" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-74-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" ID-PubMed="28127236" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165484" ModsDocID="1314-2003-74-35" checkinTime="1478665680339" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco Octavio de Oliveira, Faden, Robert B. & Almeida, Rafael Felipe de" docDate="2016" docId="29B15F2FADC65BF990F94F1AA9495FAA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 74: 35-78" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 74" docPubDate="2016-11-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835" docTitle="Murdannia burchellii (C. B. Clarke) M. Pell. 2016, comb. et stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1668141867892" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco Octavio de Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Faden, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Rafael Felipe de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Avenida Transnordestina s / n, Novo Horizonte, CEP 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-11-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>74</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>78</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-74-35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">263BD366A41AFFD6FF80B7201E00FFBD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">165484</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226497" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:29B15F2FADC65BF990F94F1AA9495FAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/29B15F2FADC65BF990F94F1AA9495FAA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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1.
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<taxonomicName LSID="29B15F2F-ADC6-5BF9-90F9-4F1AA9495FAA" authority="(C. B. Clarke) M. Pell." authorityName="(C. B. Clarke) M. Pell." authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii" status="comb. et stat. nov.">Murdannia burchellii (C.B.Clarke) M.Pell.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="41">comb. et stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Murdannia burchellii (C. B. Clarke) M. Pell. Lectotype of Aneilema gardneri var. burchellii (K barcode K 000363240). Photograph courtesy of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109949" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Distribution map of Neotropical Murdannia Royle. Full circles Murdannia burchellii Full stars Murdannia engelsii Triangles Murdannia gardneri Stars Murdannia paraguayensis Full squares Murdannia schomburgkiana Squares Murdannia semifoliata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109958" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">, 10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri subsp. var. var. burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gardneri" status="comb. et stat. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="burchellii">Aneilema gardneri var. burchellii</taxonomicName>
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C.B.Clarke, Monogr. Phan. 3: 217. 1881. Lectotype (designated here): BRAZIL. s.loc., fl., fr., s.dat., W.J. Burchell 8165 (K barcode K000363240!; isolectotypes: GH barcode GH00415446!, P barcode P02088020!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri subsp. var. var. glabrior" order="Commelinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gardneri" status="comb. et stat. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="glabrior">Aneilema gardneri var. glabrior</taxonomicName>
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C.B.Clarke, Monogr. Phan. 3: 217. 1881. Lectotype (designated here): BRAZIL. Goyaz, fl., fr., 1841, G. Gardner 4020 (P barcode P02088023!; isolectotypes: BM not found, G barcode G00098263!, NY barcode NY00247402!).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Herbs</emphasis>
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ca. 14.0-55.0 cm tall., perennial, rhizomatous with a definite base, terrestrial to paludal to rooted emergent in flooded fields.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Roots</emphasis>
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thin, fibrous, brown to dark-brown, densely to sparsely pilose with medium to dark brown hairs, emerging from the rhizome and from the basal most nodes.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Rhizomes</emphasis>
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short, light to medium brown, buried in the sand or ground.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Stems</emphasis>
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trailing with ascending apex, thin, densely branched or branched only at the base; internodes 1.8-8.4 cm long, green to vinaceous to reddish brown, sparsely pilose to hispid with hyaline hairs, becoming glabrous with age, with a line of eglandular hyaline hairs opposite the leaf above.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Leaves</emphasis>
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spirally-alternate, evenly distributed along the stems, the distal ones gradually smaller than the proximal ones; sheaths 0.3-1.3 cm long, vinaceous to reddish brown, sparsely pilose to hispid with hyaline hairs, becoming glabrous with age, hairs hyaline, margins setose, with a line of eglandular hairs opposite to the leaf above; lamina 2.7-13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.6 cm, linear to linear oblong, membranous, conduplicate, slightly falcate, light green to greyish green on both sides, drying light brown to olive-green on both sides, sparsely pilose to hispid, becoming glabrous with age, rarely glabrous, base truncate, margins green, ciliate to setose throughout or only at base, apex acuminate to mucronate; midvein conspicuous, impressed adaxially, prominently acute abaxially, secondary veins 2-(3) pairs, adaxially inconspicuous to slightly conspicuous, dark green, abaxially somewhat conspicuous, dark green.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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1-2-(4) thyrsi, terminal or axillary in the uppermost nodes, thyrse with (1-)2-16, alternate to subopposite cincinni; peduncles 2.3-7.6 cm, with a sparse mixture of eglandular (scabrid) and glandular, hyaline hairs; basal bract reduced or leaf-like, 1.4-5.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.1-0.3 cm, lanceolate to linear, sparsely pilose to hispid, rarely glabrous, base truncate, margins ciliate to setose, apex acuminate, veins inconspicuous, concolorous or green; cincinni bracts ca. 0.2-1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.1-0.4 cm, triangular to broadly triangular, cup-shaped, light green to lilac, glabrous to pilose at base, base amplexicaul, non-perfoliate, margins glabrous to sparsely ciliate, apex caudate; cincinni 2-9-flowered, erect, sinuate, cincinnus peduncle 0.4-2.2 cm, green to vinaceous to purple, with a mixture of sparse eglandular (scabrid) and sparse or more numerous glandular, hyaline hairs, cincinnus internodes 0.2-1.1 cm long, green to vinaceous to purple, with a mixture of sparse eglandular (scabrid) and sparse or more numerous glandular, hyaline hairs; bracteoles ca. 1.8-3.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1 mm, persistent, triangular to broadly triangular, cup-shaped, light green to lilac, glabrous to sparsely pilose, base amplexicaul, non-perfoliate, margins glabrous or rarely sparsely ciliate, apex acuminate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Flowers</emphasis>
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bisexual or male, enantiostylous, ca. 0.5-1.2 cm diameter; floral buds narrowly ovoid to ovoid, 2.1-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-2 mm, green to lilac; pedicels 0.3-1 cm long, green to vinaceous to purple, with a mixture of sparse eglandular (scabrid) and sparse or more numerous glandular, hyaline hairs, erect and elongate in fruit; sepals 3.2-5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 mm, triangular to ovate-triangular, cucullate, green, glandular to densely glandular, hyaline hairs, apex acuminate, margins hyaline light green to hyaline lilac; petals equal, 4-6.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-4.2 mm, obovate to narrowly obovate, slightly cucullate, pale lilac to lilac to pink, rarely white, glabrous, base cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 3, equal, filaments glabrous, gently curved at the apex, 3.8-5.2 mm long, pale lilac to lilac or white, anthers narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, 0.8-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.7 mm, connective lilac, anthers sacs white, pollen white; staminodes 3, equal, filaments glabrous, straight, 1.6-2.1 mm long, pale lilac to white, antherodes sagittate, 0.8-0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1.0 mm, connective golden yellow, lobes conspicuous, cream-colored to pale yellow; ovary ellipsoid to oblongoid, 0.9-1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-0.8 mm, 3-locular, white to light green, smooth, glabrous, style gently curved at the apex, ca. 1.8-3.6 mm, pale lilac to lilac or white, stigma truncate, white to lilac.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Capsules</emphasis>
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2.8-4.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-4.8 mm, subglobose to globose, apiculate due to persistent style, 3-locular, 3-valved, light
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="42" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
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when mature, glabrous, smooth.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Seeds</emphasis>
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1 per locule, 1.9-2.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3-2.1 mm, reniform to broadly ellipsoid, cleft towards the embryotega, ventrally flattened, testa dark brown to greyish brown, densely farinose, costate to slightly rugose, with ridges radiating from the embryotega, with a tan appendage that extends ventri-laterally to the embryotega and basally into the hilum; embryotega semilateral, relatively inconspicuous, generally covered by a cream farina, without a prominent apicule; hilum linear, approximately the same length as the seed, in a deep depression.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="specimens seen">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Specimens seen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz</emphasis>
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: San Ignacio de Velasco, 30 km acia S, 12 Apr 1988, B. Bruderreck 310 (LPB, US).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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BRAZIL.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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: Provincia Goyaz, Salinas, May-Jul 1844, M.A. Weddell 2103 (P); loc. cit., May-Jul 1844, M.A. Weddell 2106 (P); s.loc., 1841, G. Gardner 3481 (K); Colinas do Sul, Vila Borba, 15 Jun 1993, G. Hatschbach et al. 59587 (MBM, MO, USU); Formoso, arredores de Formoso, 3 May 2012, R.J.V. Alves 8898 (R);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
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, ca. 27 km sul de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
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, 23 Mar 1968, H.S. Irwin et al. 21659 (K, NY, UB); loc. cit., 23 Mar 1968, H.S. Irwin et al. 21717 (NY, UB);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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: Carolina, 1 Jun 1950, J.M. Pires & G.A. Black 2564 (UFMA, US);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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: Ilha do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Marajó">Marajo</normalizedToken>
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, 15 Aug 1901, fl, fr., M. Guedes 2314 (BM); Serra do Cachimbo, Jun 1955, M. Alvarenga s.n. (RB 90541); loc. cit., 12 Dec 1956, J.M. Pires et al. 6104 (NY, UFMA); Itaituba, arredores da base
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<normalizedToken originalValue="aérea">aerea</normalizedToken>
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do Cachimbo, 25 Apr 1983, M.N. Silva et al. 90 (INPA, K, MG, NY, US); loc. cit., 26 Apr 1983, M.N. Silva et al. 118 (INPA, MG, NY, US);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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: Piauhy,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Parnaguá">Parnagua</normalizedToken>
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, marshy places, Aug-Sep 1839, fl., fr., G. Gardner 2743 (BM, K);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Tocantins</emphasis>
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: Araguaina, 20 km ao Sul, 26 Mar 1976, G. Hatschbach & R. Kummrow 38378 (MBM, US).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">VENEZUELA. Apure</emphasis>
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: Departamento
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="módulos">modulos</normalizedToken>
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F. Corrales de la UNELLEZ, entre los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="caños">canos</normalizedToken>
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Guaritico y Caicara, 25 Oct 1980, B. Stergios 2379 (PORT, US); loc. cit., 10 Sep 1981, fr., G. Aymard 466 (PORT); loc. cit., 13 Sep 1981, B. Stergios et al. 9568 (PORT, US); loc. cit., 9 Dec 1986, G. Aymard & R. Schargel 5017 (PORT, US); loc. cit., 12 Dec 1986, G. Aymard & R. Schargel 5071 (PORT, US);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Cojedes</emphasis>
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: San Carlos, en extremo Sur del Hato "El Laurel", mas o menos km. 17 al sur de San Carlos, 21 Aug 1976, fl., fr., B. Trujillo 13843 (MY);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guárico">Guarico</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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: Calabozo, ca. 39 km SSW of Calabozo on Hato Masaguaral, 17 Sep 1983, R. Rondeau 469 (US);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Portuguesa</emphasis>
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: Guanare, terrenos de la UNELLEZ, Mesa de Cavacas, 6 Sep 1986, fl., fr., B. Stergios 7151 (PORT).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a very fragmented distribution, probably due to lack of collections, being known to occur in Bolivia, Brazil (in the states of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
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and Tocantins), and Venezuela (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Distribution map of Neotropical Murdannia Royle. Full circles Murdannia burchellii Full stars Murdannia engelsii Triangles Murdannia gardneri Stars Murdannia paraguayensis Full squares Murdannia schomburgkiana Squares Murdannia semifoliata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109958" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">10</figureCitation>
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). It grows in shady to open sandy river banks of the Amazon and Cerrado domains.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984369" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/109958" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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Distribution map of Neotropical
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Royle.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Full circles</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Full stars</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Triangles</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Stars</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia paraguayensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Full squares</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia schomburgkiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia schomburgkiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Squares</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia semifoliata" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semifoliata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia semifoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">It was found in bloom and fruit from October to July.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a wide EOO (ca. 3,513,319.273 km2), but due to the few and scattered collections known for this species, its AOO is considerably smaller (ca. 22,500.000 km2). Thus, following the IUCN recommendations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K." pageId="34" pageNumber="69" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B31" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K., http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [accessed: 2 June 2016]" title="The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered Least Concern. Nonetheless, it is important to highlight the small number of collections and how fragmented the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is. Also, the most recent collection was
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="43" start="start">made</pageBreakToken>
|
||
in 1993. Which may indicate an ongoing decrease of size of the subpopulations and the loss of habitat for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclatural notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
When describing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Aneilema gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">burchelli</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke, CB" journalOrPublisher="Monographiae Phanerogamarum" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" pagination="113 - 324" refId="B17" refString="Clarke, CB, 1881. . Monographiae Phanerogamarum 3: 113 - 324" volume="3" year="1881">Clarke (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
lists two collections (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">W.J. Burchell 8165</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">M.A. Weddell 2106</emphasis>
|
||
). Since the name of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Clarke’s">Clarke's</normalizedToken>
|
||
new variety honors W.J. Burchell, it seems logical to designate his collection as the lectotype. Aside from that, this collection is well distributed in several herbaria around the world. Furthermore, the specimen from K herbarium matches
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Clarke’s">Clarke's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description and has hand annotations made personally by Clarke. Thus, we designate this specimen as the lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Aneilema gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">burchelli</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
When describing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri subsp. var. var. glabrior" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gardneri" subSpecies="var." variety="glabrior">Aneilema gardneri var. glabrior</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke, CB" journalOrPublisher="Monographiae Phanerogamarum" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" pagination="113 - 324" refId="B17" refString="Clarke, CB, 1881. . Monographiae Phanerogamarum 3: 113 - 324" volume="3" year="1881">Clarke (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cites three collections by
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">G. Gardner</emphasis>
|
||
(2743, 3481, 4020). The specimen of at K
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Gardner 4020</emphasis>
|
||
is mounted on the same sheet as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Gardner 3481</emphasis>
|
||
, and both being annotated by Clarke as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri subsp. var. var. glabrior" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gardneri" subSpecies="var." variety="glabrior">Aneilema gardneri var. glabrior</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Gardner 4020</emphasis>
|
||
is also the most well distributed of the three collections. Nonetheless, the specimen of at K represents
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so it cannot be designated as the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri subsp. var. var. glabrior" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gardneri" subSpecies="var." variety="glabrior">Aneilema gardneri var. glabrior</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the specimen at K is not considered part of the original material. One of us (RBF) examined and recorded a specimen of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Gardner 4020</emphasis>
|
||
at BM in 1993, with the following data on the label: "Moist campos between Natividade and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conceição">Conceicao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Feby 1840, Herb. Gardner." While this would appear to be the most logical choice for a lectotype, the specimen was not photographed when other types were photographed at BM, and it cannot be found today. Therefore, the specimen at P is here designated as the lectotype. This specimen also bears an identification in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Clarke’s">Clarke's</normalizedToken>
|
||
handwriting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the general aspect of the plants, indumentum and by the presence of a ventri-lateral appendage in the seeds. It was traditionally treated as part of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">s.l.</emphasis>
|
||
due to the number of cincinni per inflorescence, the posture of the pedicels at post-anthesis and in fruit, general floral and capsule morphology, and due to the hilum being positioned in a deep depression (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphologic characters differentiating the species of Murdannia known for the Neotropical region." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5D309C8CD7EBB6457B8B049D76F7FBBF" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="5D309C8CD7EBB6457B8B049D76F7FBBF">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, both species can be readily differentiated by the stature and robustness of the plants, the insertion of the cincinni in the main axis of the inflorescence and testa ornamentation. Furthermore, the cincinni in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are conspicuously sinuate, while the cincinni in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia gardneri" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia gardneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are straight. After analyzing the syntypes for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Pellegrini & Faden & Almeida" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Aneilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aneilema gardneri subsp. var. var. glabrior" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gardneri" subSpecies="var." variety="glabrior">Aneilema gardneri var. glabrior</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it became clear that they were conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All specimens possess the characteristic alternate to subopposite cincinni, being differentiated only from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by sparser eglandular and glandular hairs in the inflorescence. All the analyzed specimens possessed some type of indumentum in the inflorescence, despite
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Clarke’s">Clarke's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke, CB" journalOrPublisher="Monographiae Phanerogamarum" pageId="33" pageNumber="68" pagination="113 - 324" refId="B17" refString="Clarke, CB, 1881. . Monographiae Phanerogamarum 3: 113 - 324" volume="3" year="1881">1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) stating they were completely glabrous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Some young specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia burchellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burchellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia burchellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with inflorescences reduced to a solitary cincinnus, can be confused with specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, these can be differentiated by their glabrous stems, leaf-blades with truncate base, sinuate cincinni, cup-shaped bracteoles, and glabrous androecium and gynoecium (vs. stems with glandular hairs, leaf-blades with an amplexicaul base, straight cincinni, flat bracteoles and minutely glandular-pubescent androecium and gynoecium in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Murdannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Murdannia engelsii" order="Commelinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Murdannia engelsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphologic characters differentiating the species of Murdannia known for the Neotropical region." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5D309C8CD7EBB6457B8B049D76F7FBBF" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="5D309C8CD7EBB6457B8B049D76F7FBBF">1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |