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<mods:title id="751363C46C0931AC6F5AE9F6B086D136">Illuminating a Dark Taxon: Revision of European Trichacis Förster (Hymenoptera Platygastridae) reveals a glut of synonyms</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="236F1F221C9FFD8AFF4FA59A7BA7237E">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart; University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 w), 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0400D96D6A3D3DB5E5FC7EDE5B6CF679">Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1376D3A18CA8A9C6E1E50D690C3D7AA3">State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart; University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 w), 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. &amp; lars. krogmann @ smns-bw. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3724 - 1735</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="26C75792EA432A7EDBF868C2598C8524">Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL, USA. elijah. talamas @ fdacs. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1048 - 6345</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="C67C951FB057FFF6FF4DF9E7FE50F9B0" bold="true" box="[151,497,1543,1570]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF9E7FE50F9B0" ID-CoL="58794" authority="(Nees, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[151,497,1543,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF9E7FE50F9B0" bold="true" box="[151,497,1543,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF9E7FEF2F9B0" bold="true" box="[151,339,1543,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FEB8F9E8FE48F9B0" author="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G." box="[354,489,1544,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" refId="ref8548" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1834) Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus Affinium, Monographiae, Genera Europaea et Species Illustrantes. Vol. 2. J. G. Cottae, Stuttgart, 320 pp. [in Latin]" type="book" year="1834">Nees, 1834</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF9CCFDF4F9D5" blockId="2.[151,597,1543,1607]" box="[151,597,1580,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B057FFF6FF45F9CCFE9CF9D5" box="[159,317,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[165,1422,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Genus-level characters of Trichacis and Isocybus. A–B. Trichacis tristis female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000797; A. Dorsal head and mesosoma, showing broad aspect of clava; B. Dorsal head showing narrow aspect of clava; C. Isocybus female, dorsal habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000880; D. Isocybus female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000851; E. Trichacis tristis female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000805." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906724/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Figs 1A, B, E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B057FFF6FE93F9CCFE2FF9D5" box="[329,398,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[157,1435,232,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1401]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Antennae of Trichacis and Isocybus. A. T. tristis female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000217; B. T. tristis male, SMNS_ Hym_Pla_000220; C. Isocybus female (apical antennomere missing), SMNS_Hym_Pla_000870." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906728/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">2A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B057FFF6FE40F9CCFE0BF9D4" box="[410,426,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1435,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Trichacis tristis. A–B. Female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000804; A. Lateral habitus; B. Dorsal habitus; C. Female, ventral habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000720; D–E. Male, OSUC 45132; D. Dorsal head and mesosoma; E. Lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906730/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">3</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B057FFF6FE6DF9CCFE5EF9D4" box="[439,511,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Selected type specimens of Trichacis; A. T. tristis, neotype female, anterior head; B. T. tristis, neotype female, lateral habitus; C. Platygaster didas, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. P. pisis, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. P. remulus, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. T. vitreus, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. T. nosferatus, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. T. weiperti, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. T. striata Masner, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">4A–H</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B057FFF6FDD0F9CCFDECF9D5" box="[522,589,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[151,1435,181,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Specimens from HNHM. A. Amblyaspis afurcata, holotype female, lateral habitus; B. Amblyaspis hungarica, holotype female, dorsal habitus; C. Amblyaspis pannonica, holotype female, dorsal habitus; D. Amblyaspis tatika, holotype female, dorsal habitus; E. T. tristis male, lateral habitus, from collecting event of T. hajduica; F. T. tristis male, lateral habitus, from collecting event of T. fusciala; G. T. tristis female, dorsal habitus, from collecting event of T. hajduica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906734/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">5E–G</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF990FD53F91B" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,754,1648,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF990FD53F91B" box="[151,754,1648,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF990FE5BF91B" author="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G." box="[151,506,1648,1673]" page="302" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1834">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF990FE5BF91B" authority="Nees, 1834: 302" authorityName="Nees" authorityPageNumber="302" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,506,1648,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF990FEEDF91A" box="[151,332,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Platygaster tristis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE88F991FE5BF91B" author="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G." box="[338,506,1649,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" refId="ref8548" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1834) Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus Affinium, Monographiae, Genera Europaea et Species Illustrantes. Vol. 2. J. G. Cottae, Stuttgart, 320 pp. [in Latin]" type="book" year="1834">Nees, 1834: 302</bibRefCitation>
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, 303 (
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B057FFF6FDE2F991FD2BF91B" box="[568,650,1649,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
NHMW).
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<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF96FFCE9F935" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,840,1679,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF96FFCE9F935" box="[151,840,1679,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF96FFDA8F935" author="Walker, F." box="[151,521,1679,1703]" page="240" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1835">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF96FFDA8F935" authority="Walker, 1835: 240" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="240" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,521,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didas">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF96FFEE8F935" box="[151,329,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Platygaster didas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE95F96FFDA8F935" author="Walker, F." box="[335,521,1679,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="217 - 274" refId="ref9425" refString="Walker, F. (1835) On the species of Platygaster, &amp; c. The Entomological Magazine, 3, 217 - 274." type="journal article" year="1835">Walker, 1835: 240</bibRefCitation>
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(
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B057FFF6FDCCF96FFDD4F935" box="[534,629,1679,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
NMINH). 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FD3CF96FFCE9F935" bold="true" box="[742,840,1679,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF94EFC9EF954" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,831,1709,1734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF94EFC9EF954" box="[151,831,1709,1734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF94EFDA0F954" author="Walker, F." box="[151,513,1710,1734]" page="239" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1835">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF94EFDA0F954" authority="Walker, 1835: 239" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,513,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF94EFEE1F957" box="[151,320,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Platygaster pisis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE9DF94EFDA0F954" author="Walker, F." box="[327,513,1710,1734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="217 - 274" refId="ref9425" refString="Walker, F. (1835) On the species of Platygaster, &amp; c. The Entomological Magazine, 3, 217 - 274." type="journal article" year="1835">Walker, 1835: 239</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B057FFF6FDD4F94EFDCCF954" box="[526,621,1710,1734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
NMINH). 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FD04F94DFC9EF954" bold="true" box="[734,831,1709,1734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF92CFC35F977" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,916,1740,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF92CFC35F977" box="[151,916,1740,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF92CFD84F977" author="Walker, F." box="[151,549,1740,1765]" page="239" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1835">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF92CFD84F977" authority="Walker, 1835: 239" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,549,1740,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remulus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF92CFEC2F976" box="[151,355,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Platygaster remulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FEB3F92CFD84F977" author="Walker, F." box="[361,549,1740,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="217 - 274" refId="ref9425" refString="Walker, F. (1835) On the species of Platygaster, &amp; c. The Entomological Magazine, 3, 217 - 274." type="journal article" year="1835">Walker, 1835: 239</bibRefCitation>
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, 240 (
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B057FFF6FDB9F92CFD63F976" box="[611,706,1740,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
NMINH). 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FCE9F92CFC35F977" bold="true" box="[819,916,1740,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF90BFCECF891" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,845,1771,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF90BFCECF891" box="[151,845,1771,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF90BFE75F891" ID-CoL="7CQNC" authority="(Walker, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,468,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didas">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF90BFE92F891" box="[151,307,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis didas</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE9AF90BFE6DF891" author="Walker, F." box="[320,460,1771,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="217 - 274" refId="ref9425" refString="Walker, F. (1835) On the species of Platygaster, &amp; c. The Entomological Magazine, 3, 217 - 274." type="journal article" year="1835">Walker, 1835</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FE07F90CFD30F891" author="Forster, A." box="[477,657,1771,1795]" page="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1856">
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE07F90CFD30F891" author="Forster, A." box="[477,657,1771,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" refId="ref7771" refString="Forster, A. (1856) Hymenopterologische Studien. II. Heft. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii. Ernst ter Meer, Aachen, 152 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1856">Förster 1856: 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(generic transfer).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF8EAFCE4F8B0" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,837,1802,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF8EAFCE4F8B0" box="[151,837,1802,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF8EAFE6DF8B0" ID-CoL="5878T" authority="(Walker, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,460,1802,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF8EAFE8BF8B3" box="[151,298,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis pisis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FEEDF8EAFE62F8B0" author="Walker, F." box="[311,451,1802,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="217 - 274" refId="ref9425" refString="Walker, F. (1835) On the species of Platygaster, &amp; c. The Entomological Magazine, 3, 217 - 274." type="journal article" year="1835">Walker, 1835</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FE0FF8EAFD29F8B0" author="Forster, A." box="[469,648,1802,1826]" page="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1856">
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE0FF8EAFD29F8B0" author="Forster, A." box="[469,648,1802,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" refId="ref7771" refString="Forster, A. (1856) Hymenopterologische Studien. II. Heft. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii. Ernst ter Meer, Aachen, 152 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1856">Förster 1856: 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(generic transfer).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF8C8FCC6F8D2" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,871,1832,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF8C8FCC6F8D2" box="[151,871,1832,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF8C8FE4FF8D2" ID-CoL="5878X" authority="(Walker, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,494,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remulus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF8C8FEECF8D2" box="[151,333,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis remulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE83F8C8FE44F8D2" author="Walker, F." box="[345,485,1832,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="217 - 274" refId="ref9425" refString="Walker, F. (1835) On the species of Platygaster, &amp; c. The Entomological Magazine, 3, 217 - 274." type="journal article" year="1835">Walker, 1835</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FE2DF8C9FD0BF8D2" author="Forster, A." box="[503,682,1832,1856]" page="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1856">
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE2DF8C9FD0BF8D2" author="Forster, A." box="[503,682,1832,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" refId="ref7771" refString="Forster, A. (1856) Hymenopterologische Studien. II. Heft. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii. Ernst ter Meer, Aachen, 152 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1856">Förster 1856: 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(generic transfer).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF8A7FCC9F8CD" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,872,1863,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF8A7FCC9F8CD" box="[151,872,1863,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF8A7FE63F8CD" ID-CoL="58794" authority="(Nees, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[151,450,1863,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF8A7FE97F8CD" box="[151,310,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE99F8A7FE1AF8CD" author="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G." box="[323,443,1863,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" refId="ref8548" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1834) Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus Affinium, Monographiae, Genera Europaea et Species Illustrantes. Vol. 2. J. G. Cottae, Stuttgart, 320 pp. [in Latin]" type="book" year="1834">Nees, 1834</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FE11F8A7FD0AF8CD" author="Dalla Torre, C. G." box="[459,683,1863,1887]" page="480" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE11F8A7FD0AF8CD" author="Dalla Torre, C. G." box="[459,683,1863,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" refId="ref7605" refString="Dalla Torre, C. G. (1898) Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Vol. 5. Chalcididae et Proctotrupidae. Engelmann, Leipzig, 668 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1898">Dalla Torre 1898: 480</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(generic transfer).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF886FB87F8EC" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,1062,1893,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF886FB87F8EC" box="[151,1062,1893,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF886FDE5F8EC" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[151,580,1894,1918]" page="79" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF886FDE5F8EC" ID-CoL="5877X" authority="Thomson, 1859: 79" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,580,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF886FED8F8EC" box="[151,377,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis abdominalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FEA5F886FDE5F8EC" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[383,580,1894,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="69 - 87" refId="ref9225" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1859) Sveriges Proctotruper. Tribus VII. Platygastrini. Ofversigt af Kongliga Ventenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 16, 69 - 87. [in Swedish and Latin]" type="journal article" year="1859">Thomson, 1859: 79</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B057FFF6FD88F886FD0DF8EC" box="[594,684,1894,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
NHRS, missing from pin). 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FC1FF885FB87F8EC" bold="true" box="[965,1062,1893,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF864FB77F80F" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,1238,1924,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF864FB77F80F" box="[151,1238,1924,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF864FDA9F80F" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[151,520,1924,1949]" page="78" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF864FDA9F80F" ID-CoL="5878R" authority="Thomson, 1859: 78" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,520,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF864FE9BF80E" box="[151,314,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis opaca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE9AF864FDA9F80F" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[320,520,1924,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="69 - 87" refId="ref9225" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1859) Sveriges Proctotruper. Tribus VII. Platygastrini. Ofversigt af Kongliga Ventenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 16, 69 - 87. [in Swedish and Latin]" type="journal article" year="1859">Thomson, 1859: 78</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 79 (
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B057FFF6FDE2F864FD36F80E" box="[568,663,1924,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
MZLU). 
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FD20F864FBADF80F" author="Buhl, P. N. &amp; Notton, D. G." box="[762,1036,1924,1949]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A71887E0FFDCCB64FE15FB90C0EAFA98" page="1700" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FD20F864FBADF80F" author="Buhl, P. N. &amp; Notton, D. G." box="[762,1036,1924,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="1651 - 1703" refId="ref7440" refString="Buhl, P. N. &amp; Notton, D. G. (2009) A revised catalogue of the Platygastridae of the British Isles (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea). Journal of Natural History, 43, 1651 - 1703. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930902993732" type="journal article" year="2009">Buhl &amp; Notton 2009: 1700</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(jr. syn. of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FB5AF865FB66F80E" ID-CoL="5878T" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1152,1223,1925,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FB5AF865FB66F80E" box="[1152,1223,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">T. pisis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF843FDCCF829" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,621,1955,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF843FDCCF829" box="[151,621,1955,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF843FDA3F829" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,514,1955,1979]" page="564" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1916">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF843FDA3F829" ID-CoL="5878J" authority="Kieffer, 1916: 564" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="564" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,514,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illusor">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF843FE9FF829" box="[151,318,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis illusor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE9EF843FDA3F829" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[324,514,1955,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="547 - 592" refId="ref8243" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1916) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Platygasterinae und ihrer Lebensweise. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten, 46, 547 - 592. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1916">Kieffer, 1916: 564</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FDD1F843FDCCF829" bold="true" box="[523,621,1955,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF822FDE3F848" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,578,1986,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF822FDE3F848" box="[151,578,1986,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF822FD9FF848" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,574,1986,2010]" page="565" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1916">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF822FD9FF848" authority="Kieffer, 1916: 565" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="565" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,574,1986,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illusor" subSpecies="fusca">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF822FED8F848" box="[151,377,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis illusor fusca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE5AF822FD9FF848" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[384,574,1986,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" pagination="547 - 592" refId="ref8243" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1916) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Platygasterinae und ihrer Lebensweise. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten, 46, 547 - 592. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1916">Kieffer, 1916: 565</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B057FFF6FF4DF800FD7DF86B" blockId="2.[151,1238,1648,2041]" box="[151,732,2016,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB057FFF6FF4DF800FD7DF86B" box="[151,732,2016,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B057FFF6FF4DF800FDE8F86B" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,585,2016,2041]" page="713" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" year="1926">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B057FFF6FF4DF800FDE8F86B" ID-CoL="5878J" authority="Kieffer, 1926: 713" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="713" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,585,2016,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="illusor" subSpecies="illusor">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B057FFF6FF4DF800FE27F86A" box="[151,390,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="565">Trichacis illusor illusor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B057FFF6FE57F800FDE8F86B" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[397,585,2016,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="565" refId="ref8279" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1926) Das Tierreich. 48. Lieferung. Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Leipzig, 885 pp. [in German] https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783111432939" type="book" year="1926">Kieffer, 1926: 713</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 714, Fig 294.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFF77FD54FF3D" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,757,150,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB056FFF7FF4DFF77FD54FF3D" box="[151,757,150,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B056FFF7FF4DFF77FDF6FF3D" author="Szelenyi, G." box="[151,599,150,175]" page="484" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" year="1953">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFF77FDF6FF3D" ID-CoL="7CQND" authority="Szelenyi, 1953: 484" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityPageNumber="484" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,599,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchricornis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFF77FE24FF3D" box="[151,389,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis pulchricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FE51FF77FDF6FF3D" author="Szelenyi, G." box="[395,599,150,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" pagination="484 - 485" refId="ref8834" refString="Szelenyi, G. (1953) Trichacis pulchricornis Szelenyi spec. nov. In: Szekessy, V. (Ed.), Die Tier und Pflanzenwelt des Naturschutzgebietes Batorliget und seiner Umgebung. Adademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 484 - 485. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1953">Szelényi, 1953: 484</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 485. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FD4EFF76FD54FF3D" bold="true" box="[660,757,150,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFF55FD43FF5F" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,738,181,205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB056FFF7FF4DFF55FD43FF5F" box="[151,738,181,205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B056FFF7FF4DFF55FDE2FF5F" author="Szabo, J." box="[151,579,181,205]" page="289" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFF55FDE2FF5F" ID-CoL="58783" authority="Szabo, 1981: 289" authorityName="Szabo" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,579,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentiscutum">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFF55FE2BFF5F" box="[151,394,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis bidentiscutum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FE4AFF55FDE2FF5F" author="Szabo, J." box="[400,579,181,205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" refId="ref8928" refString="Szabo, J. (1981) Contributions to the platygasterid wasps of the Hortobagy National Park (Hymenoptera, Platygasteridae). In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.), The Fauna of the Hortobagy National Park. Vol. 1. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 285 - 297." type="book" year="1981">Szabó, 1981: 289</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 290. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FD5AFF55FD43FF5F" bold="true" box="[640,738,181,205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFF34FDD0FF7E" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,625,212,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB056FFF7FF4DFF34FDD0FF7E" box="[151,625,212,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B056FFF7FF4DFF34FDA7FF7E" author="Szabo, J." box="[151,518,212,236]" page="289" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFF34FDA7FF7E" ID-CoL="5878D" authority="Szabo, 1981: 289" authorityName="Szabo" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,518,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusciala">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFF34FEEDFF7E" box="[151,332,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis fusciala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FE88FF34FDA7FF7E" author="Szabo, J." box="[338,518,212,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" refId="ref8928" refString="Szabo, J. (1981) Contributions to the platygasterid wasps of the Hortobagy National Park (Hymenoptera, Platygasteridae). In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.), The Fauna of the Hortobagy National Park. Vol. 1. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 285 - 297." type="book" year="1981">Szabó, 1981: 289</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FDCAFF34FDD0FF7E" bold="true" box="[528,625,212,236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFF13FDD8FE99" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,633,242,267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB056FFF7FF4DFF13FDD8FE99" box="[151,633,242,267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B056FFF7FF4DFF13FDAFFE99" author="Szabo, J." box="[151,526,243,267]" page="288" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFF13FDAFFE99" ID-CoL="7D2NC" authority="Szabo, 1981: 288" authorityName="Szabo" authorityPageNumber="288" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,526,243,267]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hajduica">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFF13FEF4FE99" box="[151,341,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis hajduica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FE81FF13FDAFFE99" author="Szabo, J." box="[347,526,243,267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" refId="ref8928" refString="Szabo, J. (1981) Contributions to the platygasterid wasps of the Hortobagy National Park (Hymenoptera, Platygasteridae). In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.), The Fauna of the Hortobagy National Park. Vol. 1. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 285 - 297." type="book" year="1981">Szabó, 1981: 288</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FDC2FF12FDD8FE99" bold="true" box="[536,633,242,267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFEF1FD3AFEBB" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,667,273,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB056FFF7FF4DFEF1FD3AFEBB" box="[151,667,273,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B056FFF7FF4DFEF1FD91FEBB" author="Szabo, J." box="[151,560,273,297]" page="290" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFEF1FD91FEBB" ID-CoL="5878W" authority="Szabo, 1981: 290" authorityName="Szabo" authorityPageNumber="290" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,560,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriclava">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFEF1FED7FEBB" box="[151,374,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis quadriclava</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FEA7FEF1FD91FEBB" author="Szabo, J." box="[381,560,273,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" refId="ref8928" refString="Szabo, J. (1981) Contributions to the platygasterid wasps of the Hortobagy National Park (Hymenoptera, Platygasteridae). In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.), The Fauna of the Hortobagy National Park. Vol. 1. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 285 - 297." type="book" year="1981">Szabó, 1981: 290</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FDE0FEF1FD3AFEBB" bold="true" box="[570,667,273,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFED0FC11FEDA" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,944,304,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB056FFF7FF4DFED0FC11FEDA" box="[151,944,304,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B056FFF7FF4DFED0FDA7FEDA" author="Buhl, P. N." box="[151,518,304,328]" page="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" year="1997">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFED0FDA7FEDA" ID-CoL="5878Q" authority="Buhl, 1997: 97" authorityName="Buhl" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,518,304,328]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosferatus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFED0FEC7FEDA" box="[151,358,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis nosferatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FEB6FED0FDA7FEDA" author="Buhl, P. N." box="[364,518,304,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" pagination="93 - 100" refId="ref7373" refString="Buhl, P. N. (1997) Four new species of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae). Entomofauna, 18 (11), 93 - 100." type="journal article" year="1997">Buhl, 1997: 97</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, Figs 13–16 (
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B056FFF7FD54FED0FD49FEDA" box="[654,744,304,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
ZMUN). 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FC94FED0FC11FEDA" bold="true" box="[846,944,304,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFEAFFC21FEF5" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,896,334,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB056FFF7FF4DFEAFFC21FEF5" box="[151,896,334,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B056FFF7FF4DFEAFFE41FEF5" author="Buhl, P. N." box="[151,480,335,359]" page="96" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" year="1997">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFEAFFE41FEF5" ID-CoL="58796" authority="Buhl, 1997: 96" authorityName="Buhl" authorityPageNumber="96" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,480,335,359]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFEAFFEE1FEF4" box="[151,320,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis vitreus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FE9CFEAFFE41FEF5" author="Buhl, P. N." box="[326,480,335,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" pagination="93 - 100" refId="ref7373" refString="Buhl, P. N. (1997) Four new species of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae). Entomofauna, 18 (11), 93 - 100." type="journal article" year="1997">Buhl, 1997: 96</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, Figs 9–12 (
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B056FFF7FD86FEAFFD17FEF5" box="[604,694,335,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
NHMD). 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FCC5FEAEFC21FEF5" bold="true" box="[799,896,334,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFE8DFC1BFE17" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,954,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BD9B055DB056FFF7FF4DFE8DFC1BFE17" box="[151,954,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<treatmentCitation id="1C2A0462B056FFF7FF4DFE8DFE5AFE17" author="Buhl, P. N." box="[151,507,365,389]" page="344" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" year="2019">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFE8DFE5AFE17" authority="Buhl, 2019: 344" authorityName="Buhl" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,507,365,389]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiperti">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFE8DFEEEFE17" box="[151,335,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis weiperti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FE8FFE8DFE5AFE17" author="Buhl, P. N." box="[341,507,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" pagination="337 - 346" refId="ref7404" refString="Buhl, P. N. (2019) New species and notes on variation in Platygastrinae from Germany (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae). Entomofauna, 40 (1), 337 - 346." type="journal article" year="2019">Buhl, 2019: 344</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 345, Figs 9, 10 (
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B056FFF7FD70FE8DFCA5FE17" box="[682,772,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
NME). 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FC82FE8DFC1BFE17" bold="true" box="[856,954,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFE6CFC5AFE36" blockId="3.[151,1019,150,420]" box="[151,1019,396,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF4DFE6CFD2BFE36" authority="Asadi &amp; Buhl, 2021: 333 - 335" authorityName="Asadi &amp; Buhl" authorityPageNumber="333 - 335" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,650,396,420]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFE6CFEF1FE36" box="[151,336,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis persicus</emphasis>
Asadi &amp; Buhl, 2021: 333–335
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B056FFF7FD4EFE6CFD6EFE36" box="[660,719,396,420]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[165,1422,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Genus-level characters of Trichacis and Isocybus. A–B. Trichacis tristis female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000797; A. Dorsal head and mesosoma, showing broad aspect of clava; B. Dorsal head showing narrow aspect of clava; C. Isocybus female, dorsal habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000880; D. Isocybus female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000851; E. Trichacis tristis female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000805." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906724/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B056FFF7FD06FE6CFC97FE36" box="[732,822,396,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
HMIM). 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FC40FE6CFC5AFE36" bold="true" box="[922,1019,396,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D59171F8B056FFF7FF4DFE32FBD0FA06" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF4DFE32FA33FCEA" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFE32FE88FE7E" bold="true" box="[151,297,466,492]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Description.</emphasis>
Body length: 
<quantity id="5A738F96B056FFF7FE1FFE32FDEAFE7F" box="[453,587,466,493]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" unit="mm" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.1 mm</quantity>
(n=10). Body color: dark brown to black. Antenna color: light brown to dark brown. Mandible color: light brown to dark brown. Leg color: yellow to dark brown. Coxa color: dark brown to black. Wing color: pale with brown markings basally, sometimes entirely pale. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FBC2FDFAFBFEFDA6" bold="true" box="[1048,1119,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Head.</emphasis>
Head shape: ovoid, slightly transverse. Sculpture of ocellar triangle: coriaceous. OOL:LOL: 1, or OOL slightly shorter than LOL. Mandibular sculpture: proximally striate. Mandibles: clasp-like, teeth equal in size. Sculpture of frons: smooth to coriaceous, sometimes with central keel indicated by a faint line. Number of epitorular striae: 5−7. Interantennal process: truncate. Clypeus: exposed, medial carina present below interantennal process. Ventral clypeal margin: straight. Number of clypeal setae: 8. Sculpture of gena: smooth along compound eye, sometimes faintly striate posteriorly; Hyperoccipital carina: present medially, attenuating laterally. Sculpture of vertex anterior to hyperoccipital carina: coriaceous to striate. Vertex posterior to hyperoccipital carina: slightly impressed medially, with whorled or striate sculpture. Occipital carina: incomplete, not extending ventrally to posterior articulation of the mandible. Setation of occiput: dense in ventral half. Projection on temples: absent. Distance between LO and HOC: 2 ocellar diameters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF1DFC62FBD0FA06" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF1DFC62FE2DFC0E" bold="true" box="[199,396,898,924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Female antenna.</emphasis>
A1 length: not surpassing vertex of head. Number of clavomeres: 4. Claval formula: 1-1-1-1. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFC46FEE3FC52" bold="true" box="[151,322,934,960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Male antenna.</emphasis>
A1 length: not surpassing vertex of head. A2–A5: cylindrical, A3 and A4 semi-appressed. Male sex segment (A4): not expanded, ventral portion flattened with minute longitudinal striae. A6–A10: cylindrical, setose, A10 longest. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FEE9FC0EFE18FB9A" bold="true" box="[307,441,1006,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Mesoscutum in lateral view: moderately arched. Antero-admedian line: present, faint. Notaulus: present, complete or nearly so. Sculpture of mesoscutum: reticulate-coriaceous, sometimes with smooth patches posteriorly. Setation of mesoscutum: moderate to dense, evenly or unevenly distributed. Parapsidal signum: indicated by a faint line. Cervical pronotal area: anteriorly smooth and glabrous.Shape of mesoscutum in lateral view: slightly flattened. Mesoscutellar setal patch: round to triangular, located in posterior half. Sculpture of mesopleuron: smooth, sometimes with very faint striae in dorsal half. Mesopleural carina: present anteriorly, incomplete. Fore wing length: surpassing metasoma. Fore wing marginal setae: very short, slightly longer on posterior distal margin. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF4DFB0AFED9FA96" bold="true" box="[151,376,1258,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Female metasoma.</emphasis>
Metasoma length: approximately as long as head and mesosoma combined. Setation of pits on anterior T2 present. Shape of T1: transverse. Sculpture of T1: medially striate, lateral aspect obscured by dense setation. Sculpture of T2: smooth with a few striae between anterior pits. Sculpture of T3–T6: finely punctate. Felt fields: short, densely to sparsely setose. Sculpture of S2: smooth or finely punctate. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FB83FAB6FABEFAE2" bold="true" box="[1113,1311,1366,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Male metasoma.</emphasis>
Metasoma length: slightly shorter than head and mesosoma combined, otherwise similar to female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D59171F8B056FFF7FF1DFA7EFE2AF96E" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF1DFA7EFE2AF96E" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF1DFA7EFEE3FA2A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1438,1464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FE93FA7EFE59FA2A" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[329,504,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FE93FA7EFE59FA2A" box="[329,504,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B056FFF7FDDDFA7EFD24FA2B" box="[519,645,1438,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[157,1435,232,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1401]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Antennae of Trichacis and Isocybus. A. T. tristis female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000217; B. T. tristis male, SMNS_ Hym_Pla_000220; C. Isocybus female (apical antennomere missing), SMNS_Hym_Pla_000870." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906728/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Figs 2A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B056FFF7FD48FA7EFD01FA2A" box="[658,672,1438,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1435,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Trichacis tristis. A–B. Female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000804; A. Lateral habitus; B. Dorsal habitus; C. Female, ventral habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000720; D–E. Male, OSUC 45132; D. Dorsal head and mesosoma; E. Lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">3</figureCitation>
) does not have any autapomorphic structures to easily distinguish it among the world fauna. The relatively extensive setation and sculpturing of the posterior vertex and mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B056FFF7FF45FA06FEB8F992" box="[159,281,1510,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1435,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Trichacis tristis. A–B. Female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000804; A. Lateral habitus; B. Dorsal habitus; C. Female, ventral habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000720; D–E. Male, OSUC 45132; D. Dorsal head and mesosoma; E. Lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Fig. 3B, E</figureCitation>
) set it apart from many species in the Western Hemisphere, but a thorough diagnosis must rely on a combination of characters. The following diagnosis uses characters from the keys of 
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FBA9F9EBFABAF9B6" author="Masner, L." box="[1139,1307,1546,1573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" pagination="1071 - 1093" refId="ref8408" refString="Masner, L. (1983) Revision of the Nearctic species of Trichacis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Platygastridae). Canadian Entomologist, 115, 1071 - 1093. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1151071 - 9" type="journal article" year="1983">Masner (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FA8CF9EAFEDBF9DA" author="Arias-Penna, T. M. &amp; Masner, L. &amp; Delsinne, T." pageId="3" pageNumber="566" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref6966" refString="Arias-Penna, T. M., Masner, L. &amp; Delsinne, T. (2012) Revision of the Neotropical species of Trichacis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Platygastridae), with description of 24 new species. Zootaxa, 3337 (1), 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3337.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">
Arias-Penna 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF3CF9CFFE83F9DA" box="[230,290,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
: temples unarmed; mandibles clasped; clypeus with 8 setae; interantennal process truncate; scape not surpassing vertex; posterior vertex with whorled or striate sculpture medially; hyperoccipital carina laterally weakened, surpassing line of inner eye margin and not merging with striae; internotaular area sculptured at least anteriorly, moderately to densely setose; mesopleural carina incomplete; mesoscutellar setal patch round to triangular; fore wing usually with brown markings in proximal third (may be faint or faded), surpassing apex of metasoma in females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D59171F8B056FFF7FF1DF8E6FE32F823" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF1DF8E6FE32F823" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF1DF8E6FED6F8B2" ID-CoL="58794" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[199,375,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF1DF8E6FED6F8B2" box="[199,375,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FD92F8E7FC3AF8B2" ID-CoL="58795" authority="Ashmead, 1893" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1893" box="[584,923,1798,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginiensis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FD92F8E7FD47F8B2" box="[584,742,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">T. virginiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FD31F8E6FC3AF8B2" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[747,923,1798,1824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref7103" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) Monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1" type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FC09F8E7FB4EF8B2" ID-CoL="58785" authority="Masner, 1983" authorityName="Masner" authorityYear="1983" box="[979,1263,1798,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celticola">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FC09F8E7FBEFF8B2" box="[979,1102,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">T. celticola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B056FFF7FB8CF8E7FB4EF8B2" author="Masner, L." box="[1110,1263,1798,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" pagination="1071 - 1093" refId="ref8408" refString="Masner, L. (1983) Revision of the Nearctic species of Trichacis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Platygastridae). Canadian Entomologist, 115, 1071 - 1093. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1151071 - 9" type="journal article" year="1983">
Masner, 
<quantity id="5A738F96B056FFF7FB6DF8E6FB4EF8B2" box="[1207,1263,1798,1824]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.03682" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" unit="in" value="1983.0">1983</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the Nearctic region. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FF35F8CAFE43F8D6" ID-CoL="58795" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1893" box="[239,482,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginiensis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF35F8CAFE43F8D6" box="[239,482,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis virginiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated by the hooked interantennal process, which is simple in 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FAE2F8CBFA34F8D6" ID-CoL="58794" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1336,1429,1835,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FAE2F8CBFA34F8D6" box="[1336,1429,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and by the strongly transverse head, which is only slightly transverse in 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FC18F8AFFBBFF8FA" ID-CoL="58794" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[962,1054,1871,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FC18F8AFFBBFF8FA" box="[962,1054,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FBF6F8AEFB5DF8FA" ID-CoL="58785" authorityName="Masner" authorityYear="1983" box="[1068,1276,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celticola">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FBF6F8AEFB5DF8FA" box="[1068,1276,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis celticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has short fore wings, not surpassing the apex of the female metasoma, whereas the fore wings in female 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FB6AF893FAAFF81E" ID-CoL="58794" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1200,1294,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FB6AF893FAAFF81E" box="[1200,1294,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extend well beyond the metasoma.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D59171F8B056FFF7FF1DF85AFD8BF86A" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D342273B056FFF7FF1DF85AFD8BF86A" blockId="3.[151,1437,466,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FF1DF85AFEC0F846" bold="true" box="[199,353,1978,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B056FFF7FEBFF85AFDB3F846" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[357,530,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B056FFF7FEBFF85AFDB3F846" box="[357,530,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in the Palearctic, ranging from 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B056FFF7FBDAF85AFBEEF846" box="[1024,1103,1978,2004]" name="Ireland" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Ireland</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B056FFF7FBB4F85BFB10F847" box="[1134,1201,1979,2005]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="566">Japan</collectingCountry>
, north to Scandinavia and south to the Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C9F472FBB051FFF0FF4DF888FD2DF87E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906724/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" startId="4.[151,250,1896,1920]" targetBox="[165,1422,181,1873]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9D342273B051FFF0FF4DF888FD2DF87E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1896,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B051FFF0FF4DF888FEB7F812" bold="true" box="[151,278,1896,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Genus-level characters of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B051FFF0FDEBF888FD2EF812" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[561,655,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B051FFF0FDEBF888FD2EF812" box="[561,655,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B051FFF0FD1CF888FCBEF812" box="[710,799,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Isocybus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B051FFF0FD1CF888FCBEF812" box="[710,799,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Isocybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A–B. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B051FFF0FCB6F888FBACF812" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[876,1037,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B051FFF0FCB6F888FBACF812" box="[876,1037,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000797; A. Dorsal head and mesosoma, showing broad aspect of clava; B. Dorsal head showing narrow aspect of clava; C. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B051FFF0FB29F86CFAEDF836" box="[1267,1356,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Isocybus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B051FFF0FB29F86CFAEDF836" box="[1267,1356,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Isocybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, dorsal habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000880; D. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B051FFF0FDA9F850FD6DF85A" box="[627,716,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Isocybus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B051FFF0FDA9F850FD6DF85A" box="[627,716,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Isocybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000851; E. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B051FFF0FB21F850FA3DF85A" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1275,1436,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B051FFF0FB21F850FA3DF85A" box="[1275,1436,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="567">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000805.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9F472FBB050FFF1FF4DFA72FBCEFA5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906728/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" startId="5.[151,250,1426,1450]" targetBox="[157,1435,232,1401]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9D342273B050FFF1FF4DFA72FBCEFA5C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1426,1486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FF4DFA72FEB4FA38" bold="true" box="[151,277,1426,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Antennae of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FE7CFA72FDA5FA38" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[422,516,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FE7CFA72FDA5FA38" box="[422,516,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FDE0FA72FD32FA38" box="[570,659,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Isocybus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FDE0FA72FD32FA38" box="[570,659,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Isocybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FD1BFA73FCB6FA38" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[705,791,1427,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FD1BFA73FCB6FA38" box="[705,791,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000217; B. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FB77FA73FAA3FA38" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1197,1282,1427,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FB77FA73FAA3FA38" box="[1197,1282,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, SMNS_ Hym_Pla_000220; C. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FEA0FA56FE72FA5C" box="[378,467,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Isocybus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FEA0FA56FE72FA5C" box="[378,467,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Isocybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female (apical antennomere missing), SMNS_Hym_Pla_000870.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D59171F8B050FFF1FF1DFA1CFB2DF9CC" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9D342273B050FFF1FF1DFA1CFB2DF9CC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1532,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FF1DFA1CFE7AF984" bold="true" box="[199,475,1532,1558]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Biological associations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FE3EFA1CFD34F984" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[484,661,1532,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FE3EFA1CFD34F984" box="[484,661,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FCABFA1CFB4AF984" authority="(Say, 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[881,1259,1532,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Mayetiola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FCABFA1CFBFEF984" box="[881,1119,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Mayetiola destructor</emphasis>
(Say, 1817)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FAFCFA1DFEF1F9A9" authority="(Marchal, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Marchal" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Mayetiola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avenae">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FAFCFA1DFA3DF984" box="[1318,1436,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">M. avenae</emphasis>
(Marchal, 1895)
</taxonomicName>
, both of which are herbivorous on grain crops and wild grasses (
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FBE8F9C0FB35F9A8" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1074,1172,1568,1594]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
). Embryonic and larval development of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FE97F9A5FE08F9CC" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[333,425,1605,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FE97F9A5FE08F9CC" box="[333,425,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FE0DF9A5FDEDF9CC" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[471,588,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remulus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FE0DF9A5FDEDF9CC" box="[471,588,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">T. remulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were described and illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B050FFF1FC0FF9A4FB26F9CC" author="Marchal, P." box="[981,1159,1604,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" pagination="485 - 640" refId="ref8367" refString="Marchal, P. (1906) Recherches sur la biologie et le developpement des hymenopteres parasites: Les Platygasters. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 4 (4), 485 - 640. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1906">Marchal (1906)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D59171F8B050FFF2FF1DF988FDCDFD3B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D342273B050FFF1FF1DF988FACFF8C8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1532,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FF1DF988FE53F910" bold="true" box="[199,498,1640,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FE20F989FED6F934" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4102488301" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B050FFF1FE20F989FDF8F911" box="[506,601,1641,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FD5BF988FCEAF910" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[641,843,1640,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FD5BF988FCEAF910" box="[641,843,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Platygaster tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FC89F989FCC9F911" box="[851,872,1641,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FCADF988FBAEF910" bold="true" box="[887,1039,1640,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FCADF988FBABF910" box="[887,1034,1640,1666]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">GERMANY</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
original exemplar, NHMW-HYM-0005319 (
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FED2F96CFECAF934" box="[264,363,1676,1702]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FEA4F96DFAAEF934" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4102488302" box="[382,1295,1676,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B050FFF1FEA4F96DFE4FF935" box="[382,494,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FDCEF96DFDCCF934" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[532,621,1676,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didas">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FDCEF96DFDCCF934" box="[532,621,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">P. didas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
♁, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FD42F96CFC03F934" bold="true" box="[664,930,1676,1702]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FD42F96CFC3CF934" box="[664,925,1676,1702]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">UNITED KINGDOM</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
London, NMINH_2018_11_18;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FACDF96CFDDCF958" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4102488306" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B050FFF1FACDF96CFADFF934" box="[1303,1406,1676,1702]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FF4DF951FE40F958" authority="♁, London, NMINH" authorityName="London, NMINH" box="[151,481,1712,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FF4DF951FF49F958" box="[151,232,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">P. pisis</emphasis>
♁, London, NMINH
</taxonomicName>
_2018_11_24;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FD5CF950FA3CF958" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4102488307" box="[646,1437,1712,1740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B050FFF1FD5CF950FD4CF958" box="[646,749,1712,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FCCCF951FB24F959" authority="♁, London, NMINH" authorityName="London, NMINH" box="[790,1157,1712,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remulus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FCCCF951FC2CF958" box="[790,909,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">P. remulus</emphasis>
♁, London, NMINH
</taxonomicName>
_2018_11_25 (
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FAF1F950FA30F958" box="[1323,1425,1712,1738]" country="Ireland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hz2c-tkpx" name="National Museum of Ireland" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="Museum">NMINH</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FF4DF935FC6AF97C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4102488305" box="[151,971,1748,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B050FFF1FF4DF935FEA6F97D" box="[151,263,1749,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FEF7F935FE2CF97C" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[301,397,1749,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FEF7F935FE2CF97C" box="[301,397,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">T. opaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FE4FF935FE0BF97D" box="[405,426,1749,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FE62F934FD99F97C" bold="true" box="[440,568,1748,1774]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FE62F934FD92F97C" box="[440,563,1748,1774]" name="Sweden" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">SWEDEN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
Ringsjön, June, 2856:1-2 (
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FCB0F934FC61F97C" box="[874,960,1748,1774]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34994" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34994" name="Lund University" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">MZLU</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FC08F934FCA9F880" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4102488303" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B050FFF1FC08F934FB9BF97C" box="[978,1082,1748,1774]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FBBAF935FB50F97C" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="1997" box="[1120,1265,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosferatus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FBBAF935FB50F97C" box="[1120,1265,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">T. nosferatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FB22F935FAACF97D" box="[1272,1293,1749,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FAC6F934FA3DF97C" bold="true" box="[1308,1436,1748,1774]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FAC6F934FA36F97C" box="[1308,1431,1748,1774]" name="Norway" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">NORWAY</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
Tofteholmen, 
<date id="E93504B3B050FFF1FEE2F918FE4FF880" box="[312,494,1784,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1991-07-07" valueMax="1991-07-31" valueMin="1991-07-07">7–31 July 1991</date>
, L.O. Hansen (
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FD79F918FD5DF880" box="[675,764,1784,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">ZMUN</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FCC8F918FBF5F8A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4102488304" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B050FFF1FCC8F918FCDBF880" box="[786,890,1784,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FC7DF919FBB0F880" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="1997" box="[935,1041,1785,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FC7DF919FBB0F880" box="[935,1041,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">T. vitreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FBC6F919FB90F881" box="[1052,1073,1785,1811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FB99F918FB61F880" bold="true" box="[1091,1216,1784,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FB99F918FB1AF880" box="[1091,1211,1784,1810]" name="Greece" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">GREECE</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="5F4FEC91B050FFF1FB11F918FAFAF880" box="[1227,1371,1784,1810]" country="Greece" name="Peloponnisos" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Peloponnese</collectingRegion>
, 
<quantity id="5A738F96B050FFF1FAB0F918FA3DF881" box="[1386,1436,1784,1811]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" unit="km" value="5.0">5km</quantity>
S Monemvasia, 
<date id="E93504B3B050FFF1FE8DF8FCFD9DF8A4" box="[343,572,1820,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1983-11-27">27 November 1983</date>
, G. Christensen, ZMUC 00021950 (
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FC36F8FCFBE9F8A4" box="[1004,1096,1820,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">NHMD</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FBBAF8FCFACFF8C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4102488308" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B050FFF1FBBAF8FCFB69F8A4" box="[1120,1224,1820,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B050FFF1FB22F8FDFAD5F8A4" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2019" box="[1272,1396,1821,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiperti">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FB22F8FDFAD5F8A4" box="[1272,1396,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">T. weiperti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FA5AF8FDFA34F8A5" box="[1408,1429,1821,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FF4DF8A0FE8EF8C8" bold="true" box="[151,303,1856,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FF4DF8A0FE8BF8C8" box="[151,298,1856,1882]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">GERMANY</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="5F4FEC91B050FFF1FEECF8A0FE06F8C8" box="[310,423,1856,1882]" country="Germany" name="Thueringen" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Thuringia</collectingRegion>
, Kyffhäuser, Steinthaleben, mixed oak forest, 
<quantity id="5A738F96B050FFF1FC77F8A0FC51F8C8" box="[941,1008,1856,1882]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" unit="m" value="230.0">230m</quantity>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B050FFF1FC21F8A0FB32F8C8" box="[1019,1171,1856,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1998-06-26">26 June 1998</date>
, J. Weipert (
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FAC4F8A0FAC3F8C8" box="[1310,1378,1856,1882]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/87iw-xebj" name="Sammlung des Naturkundemseum Erfurt" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">NME</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B050FFF2FF1DF884FDCDFD3B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1532,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FF1DF884FD95F8EC" bold="true" box="[199,564,1892,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FDE0F884FAADF8ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753320" box="[570,1292,1892,1919]" collectingDate="1974-04-09" collectingDateMax="1974-04-11" collectingDateMin="1974-04-09" collectorName="J. Papp" country="Afghanistan" location="Kabul" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kabul">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FDE0F884FD1DF8EC" box="[570,700,1892,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FD1DF884FC3BF8EC" bold="true" box="[711,922,1892,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FD1DF884FC37F8EC" box="[711,918,1892,1918]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">AFGHANISTAN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="5F4FEC91B050FFF1FC7BF884FC49F8EC" box="[929,1000,1892,1918]" country="Afghanistan" name="Kabul" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Kabul</collectingRegion>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B050FFF1FC2EF884FB0CF8EC" box="[1012,1197,1892,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1974-04-09" valueMax="1974-04-11" valueMin="1974-04-09">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB050FFF1FC2EF884FB0CF8EC" box="[1012,1197,1892,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1974-04-09" valueMax="1974-04-11" valueMin="1974-04-09">9–11 April 1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B050FFF1FB6DF885FAADF8ED" box="[1207,1292,1893,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">J. Papp</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FACDF884FCD5F830" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753305" collectingDate="1980-06-04" collectionCode="HNHM" collectorName="J. Papp" country="Armenia" elevation="2000" location="Tsakhador" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FACDF884FA38F8EC" box="[1303,1433,1892,1918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FF4DF868FE86F830" bold="true" box="[151,295,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FF4DF868FE83F830" box="[151,290,1928,1954]" name="Armenia" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">ARMENIA</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="985474A8B050FFF1FEF5F868FE04F830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B050FFF1FEF5F868FE04F830" box="[303,421,1928,1954]" country="Armenia" name="Tsakhador" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Tsakhador</location>
, 
<quantity id="5A738F96B050FFF1FE6BF868FDA8F831" box="[433,521,1928,1955]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="16A6C540B050FFF1FE6BF868FDA8F831" box="[433,521,1928,1955]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B050FFF1FDCCF868FD03F830" box="[534,674,1928,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1980-06-04">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB050FFF1FDCCF868FD03F830" box="[534,674,1928,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1980-06-04">4 June 1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B050FFF1FD74F869FCA1F831" box="[686,768,1929,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">J. Papp</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FCCAF868FCCDF830" box="[784,876,1928,1954]" collectionName="Hungary, Budapest, Hungarian Natural History Museum" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">HNHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FCA5F868FA38F830" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753327" box="[895,1433,1928,1955]" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="C. Tschek" country="Austria" location="Piesting" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FCA5F868FC0BF831" box="[895,938,1928,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FC63F868FB9CF830" bold="true" box="[953,1085,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FC63F868FB98F830" box="[953,1081,1928,1954]" name="Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">AUSTRIA</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="985474A8B050FFF1FB9CF868FB02F830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B050FFF1FB9CF868FB02F830" box="[1094,1187,1928,1954]" country="Austria" name="Piesting" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Piesting</location>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B050FFF1FB75F868FABEF830" box="[1199,1311,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">C. Tschek</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FAF5F868FA33F830" box="[1327,1426,1928,1954]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FF4DF84CFB30F854" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753307" box="[151,1169,1964,1992]" collectingDate="1960-12" collectorName="Samfirov" country="Bulgaria" location="Kneja" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FF4DF84CFF65F85A" box="[151,196,1964,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">1 ♁</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FF0FF84CFED3F854" bold="true" box="[213,370,1964,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FF0FF84CFECFF854" box="[213,366,1964,1990]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">BULGARIA</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="985474A8B050FFF1FEA6F84CFE63F854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B050FFF1FEA6F84CFE63F854" box="[380,450,1964,1990]" country="Bulgaria" name="Kneja" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Kneja</location>
, reared from flies on wheat stalks, 
<date id="E93504B3B050FFF1FC86F84CFBB5F854" box="[860,1044,1964,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1960-12">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB050FFF1FC86F84CFBB5F854" box="[860,1044,1964,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1960-12">December 1960</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B050FFF1FBFBF84CFB2CF854" box="[1057,1165,1964,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Samfirov</collectorName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FB41F84CFDA4F878" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753324" collectingDate="1974-06-10" collectionCode="HNHM" collectorName="J. Papp" country="Croatia" location="Laz" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FB41F84CFB69F85A" box="[1179,1224,1964,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">1 ♁</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FB02F84CFAC0F854" bold="true" box="[1240,1377,1964,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FB02F84CFAFDF854" box="[1240,1372,1964,1990]" name="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">CROATIA</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="985474A8B050FFF1FAB1F84DFA39F855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B050FFF1FAB1F84DFA39F855" box="[1387,1432,1965,1991]" country="Croatia" name="Laz" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Laz</location>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B050FFF1FF4DF830FE93F878" box="[151,306,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1974-06-10">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB050FFF1FF4DF830FE93F878" box="[151,306,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1974-06-10">10 June 1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B050FFF1FEE4F831FE31F879" box="[318,400,2001,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">J. Papp</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B050FFF1FE7BF830FE5CF878" box="[417,509,2000,2026]" collectionName="Hungary, Budapest, Hungarian Natural History Museum" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">HNHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF1FDCAF830FAACF878" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753301" box="[528,1293,2000,2028]" collectingDate="1985-06-03" collectingDateMax="1985-06-04" collectingDateMin="1985-06-03" collectorName="M. J. Gliswit" country="France" location="Dompcevrin" municipality="Meuse" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB050FFF1FDCAF830FD9AF87E" box="[528,571,2000,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">1 ♁</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B050FFF1FD91F830FD67F878" bold="true" box="[587,710,2000,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B050FFF1FD91F830FD60F878" box="[587,705,2000,2026]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="7D50B809B050FFF1FD15F831FCBDF879" box="[719,796,2001,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Meuse</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="985474A8B050FFF1FCF2F830FC16F878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B050FFF1FCF2F830FC16F878" box="[808,951,2000,2026]" country="France" municipality="Meuse" name="Dompcevrin" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">Dompcevrin</location>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B050FFF1FC1EF830FBCDF879" box="[964,1132,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1985-06-03" valueMax="1985-06-04" valueMin="1985-06-03">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB050FFF1FC1EF830FBCDF879" box="[964,1132,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" value="1985-06-03" valueMax="1985-06-04" valueMin="1985-06-03">3–4 June 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B050FFF1FBA3F831FAA8F878" box="[1145,1289,2000,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="568">M.J. Gliswit</collectorName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB050FFF2FACFF830FDC0FF23" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753315" collectingDate="1989-06-21" collectingDateMax="1985-06-04" collectingDateMin="1985-06-03" collectionCode="HVC" collectorName="H. Vlug" country="France" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="569" location="Bitche" municipality="Meuse" pageId="5" pageNumber="568" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="CD2D8A08B053FFF2FABEFEE3FF65FED3" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">796– 798</specimenCode>
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<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FE7DFEC7FE70FED3" box="[423,465,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FE05FEC6FDF6FED2" box="[479,599,294,320]" name="Greece" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">GREECE</collectingCountry>
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<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FAB6FEABFA34FEF5" box="[1388,1429,331,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">2 ♁</specimenCount>
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<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FF15FE8EFEFFFE1A" box="[207,350,366,392]" name="Hungary" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">HUNGARY</collectingCountry>
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1 ♁, 
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FE9DFE73FED3FE3F" box="[327,370,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB053FFF2FF4DFE57FD30FE43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753310" box="[151,657,439,467]" collectingDate="1960-04-12" collectingDateMax="1960-04-12" collectingDateMin="1955-05-06" collectionCode="HNHM" collectorName="Erdos" country="Hungary" location="Tompa" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="Pecs">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FF4DFE57FF63FE41" box="[151,194,439,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">2 ♁</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="985474A8B053FFF2FF0BFE57FE80FE43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B053FFF2FF0BFE57FE80FE43" box="[209,289,439,465]" country="Hungary" name="Tompa" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" stateProvince="Pecs">Tompa</location>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B053FFF2FEF4FE57FE6EFE43" box="[302,463,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1960-04-12">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB053FFF2FEF4FE57FE6EFE43" box="[302,463,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1960-04-12">12 April 1960</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B053FFF2FE01FE57FDBDFE43" box="[475,540,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Erdös</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B053FFF2FDF7FE57FD28FE43" box="[557,649,439,465]" collectionName="Hungary, Budapest, Hungarian Natural History Museum" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">HNHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB053FFF2FD46FE57FF73FE67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753321" collectingDate="1983-07-12" collectorName="H. Vlug" country="Ireland" location="Downs" municipality="Glen" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Wicklow">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FD46FE57FD69FE43" box="[668,712,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FD0DFE56FCFEFE42" bold="true" box="[727,863,438,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FD0DFE56FCFBFE42" box="[727,858,438,464]" name="Ireland" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">IRELAND</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="7D50B809B053FFF2FCBDFE57FC3CFE43" box="[871,925,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Glen</collectingMunicipality>
of the 
<location id="985474A8B053FFF2FC2AFE57FB9EFE43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B053FFF2FC2AFE57FB9EFE43" box="[1008,1087,439,465]" country="Ireland" municipality="Glen" name="Downs" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" stateProvince="Wicklow">Downs</location>
on 
<collectingRegion id="5F4FEC91B053FFF2FBB6FE57FB72FE43" box="[1132,1235,439,465]" country="Ireland" name="Wicklow" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Wicklow</collectingRegion>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B053FFF2FB05FE57FAD4FE43" box="[1247,1397,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1983-07-12">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB053FFF2FB05FE57FAD4FE43" box="[1247,1397,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1983-07-12">12 July 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B053FFF2FA5BFE57FF73FE67" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">H. Vlug</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB053FFF2FF04FE3BFC72FE67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753309" box="[222,979,474,501]" collectingDate="1948-08-11" collectionCode="HVC" collectorName="H. Vlug" country="Italy" location="Tarvisio" municipality="Fusine" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FF04FE3BFEA0FE67" box="[222,257,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FECAFE3AFEC9FE66" bold="true" box="[272,360,474,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FECAFE3AFEC2FE66" box="[272,355,474,500]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">ITALY</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="7D50B809B053FFF2FEB5FE3BFE1BFE67" box="[367,442,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Fusine</collectingMunicipality>
near 
<location id="985474A8B053FFF2FE22FE3BFDF7FE67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B053FFF2FE22FE3BFDF7FE67" box="[504,598,475,501]" country="Italy" municipality="Fusine" name="Tarvisio" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Tarvisio</location>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B053FFF2FDB8FE3BFCB7FE67" box="[610,790,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1948-08-11">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB053FFF2FDB8FE3BFCB7FE67" box="[610,790,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1948-08-11">11 August 1948</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B053FFF2FCFBFE3BFCDAFE67" box="[801,891,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">H. Vlug</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B053FFF2FC50FE3BFC6AFE67" box="[906,971,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">HVC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB053FFF2FC05FE3BFEA8FD8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753325" collectionCode="NHMW-HY, NHMW" collectorName="E. Graeffe" country="Italy" location="Graeffe" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" specimenCode="♁0006911" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FC05FE3BFBA8FE67" box="[991,1033,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B053FFF2FBC2FE3BFB2EFE67" box="[1048,1167,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">E. Graeffe</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B053FFF2FB40FE3CFA8DFE65" box="[1178,1324,476,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">NHMW-HY</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="CD2D8A08B053FFF2FAF7FE3CFA3DFE65" box="[1325,1436,476,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">♁0006911</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B053FFF2FF45FE1FFEA3FD8B" box="[159,258,511,537]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB053FFF2FEC8FE1FFA39FD8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753317" box="[274,1432,510,537]" collectingDate="1966-06-04" collectorName="Kaszab" country="Mongolia" elevation="1800" location="Bogd Khan" municipality="Central Aimak" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ulaanbaatar">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FEC8FE1FFE33FD8B" box="[274,402,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FE40FE1EFDE2FD8A" bold="true" box="[410,579,510,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FE40FE1EFD9FFD8A" box="[410,574,510,536]" name="Mongolia" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">MONGOLIA</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="7D50B809B053FFF2FD92FE1FFD4CFD8B" box="[584,749,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Central Aimak</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5F4FEC91B053FFF2FD2CFE1FFCDEFD8B" box="[758,895,511,537]" country="Mongolia" name="Ulaanbaatar" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Ulaanbaatar</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="985474A8B053FFF2FC52FE1FFBA8FD8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B053FFF2FC52FE1FFBA8FD8B" box="[904,1033,511,537]" country="Mongolia" municipality="Central Aimak" name="Bogd Khan" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" stateProvince="Ulaanbaatar">Bogd Khan</location>
, 
<quantity id="5A738F96B053FFF2FBC9FE1EFB0BFD8B" box="[1043,1194,510,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" unit="m" value="1800.0" valueMax="1950.0" valueMin="1650.0">
<elevation id="16A6C540B053FFF2FBC9FE1EFB0BFD8B" box="[1043,1194,510,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" unit="m" value="1800.0" valueMax="1950.0" valueMin="1650.0">1650–1950m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B053FFF2FB69FE1FFA98FD8B" box="[1203,1337,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1966-06-04">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB053FFF2FB69FE1FFA98FD8B" box="[1203,1337,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1966-06-04">4 June 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B053FFF2FA98FE1FFA39FD8B" box="[1346,1432,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Kaszab</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB053FFF2FF4DFDC3FB36FDAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753323" box="[151,1175,546,573]" collectingDate="1995-05-08" collectionCode="HNHM" collectorName="I. Rozner" country="Romania" location="Homorodkemenyfalva" municipality="Transylvania" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FF4DFDC3FF62FDAF" box="[151,195,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FF09FDC2FEC7FDAE" bold="true" box="[211,358,546,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FF09FDC2FEC0FDAE" box="[211,353,546,572]" name="Romania" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">ROMANIA</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="7D50B809B053FFF2FEB5FDC3FDA2FDAF" box="[367,515,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Transylvania</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="985474A8B053FFF2FDCBFDC3FCB1FDAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B053FFF2FDCBFDC3FCB1FDAF" box="[529,784,547,573]" country="Romania" municipality="Transylvania" name="Homorodkemenyfalva" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Homoródkeményfalva</location>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B053FFF2FCC7FDC3FC0AFDAF" box="[797,939,546,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1995-05-08">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB053FFF2FCC7FDC3FC0AFDAF" box="[797,939,546,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1995-05-08">8 May 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B053FFF2FC62FDC3FB83FDAF" box="[952,1058,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">I. Rozner</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B053FFF2FBE9FDC3FB2EFDAF" box="[1075,1167,547,573]" collectionName="Hungary, Budapest, Hungarian Natural History Museum" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">HNHM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB053FFF2FB7EFDC3FF59FD17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753319" collectingDate="1994-07-07" collectionCode="OSUC" collectorName="M. Soderlund" country="Sweden" latitude="56.6497" location="Smaland" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="13.5869" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" specimenCode="45132, 45134" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kronoberg">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FB7EFDC3FB71FDAD" box="[1188,1232,547,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">1 ♁</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FB3AFDC3FAADFDAF" box="[1248,1292,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FAC6FDC2FA3DFDAE" bold="true" box="[1308,1436,546,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FAC6FDC2FA36FDAE" box="[1308,1431,546,572]" name="Sweden" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">SWEDEN</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="985474A8B053FFF2FF4DFDA6FF5DFDF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B053FFF2FF4DFDA6FF5DFDF3" box="[151,252,582,609]" country="Sweden" latitude="56.6497" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="13.5869" name="Smaland" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" stateProvince="Kronoberg">Småland</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5F4FEC91B053FFF2FED2FDA7FE25FDF3" box="[264,388,583,609]" country="Sweden" name="Kronoberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Kronoberg</collectingRegion>
, 
<locationDeviation id="8C863B51B053FFF2FE4AFDA7FDF5FDF3" box="[400,596,583,609]" location="Hinnyerd" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<quantity id="5A738F96B053FFF2FE4AFDA7FE62FDF3" box="[400,451,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" unit="km" value="4.0">4km</quantity>
N Hinnyerd
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="F8BF44B4B053FFF2FDBAFDA6FD7CFDF3" box="[608,733,582,609]" degrees="56.6497" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" precision="5" value="56.6497">56.6497°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="F8BF44B4B053FFF2FD33FDA6FCC2FDF3" box="[745,867,582,609]" degrees="13.5869" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" precision="5" value="13.5869">13.5869°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="E93504B3B053FFF2FCAAFDA7FC59FDF3" box="[880,1016,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1994-07-07">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB053FFF2FCAAFDA7FC59FDF3" box="[880,1016,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="1994-07-07">7 July 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B053FFF2FBDEFDA7FB03FDF3" box="[1028,1186,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">M. Söderlund</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B053FFF2FB74FDA7FB58FDF3" box="[1198,1273,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">OSUC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="CD2D8A08B053FFF2FADBFDA6FAEBFDF3" box="[1281,1354,582,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">45132</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="CD2D8A08B053FFF2FA8CFDA6FA3DFDF3" box="[1366,1436,582,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">45134</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B053FFF2FF45FD8BFF51FD17" box="[159,240,619,645]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x820-3v0f" name="Oregon State University" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">OSUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="2DE3282EB053FFF2FEDDFD8BFDCDFD3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4101753314" collectingDate="2013-04" collectingDateMax="2013-05-31" collectingDateMin="2013-04" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Sivell" country="United Kingdom" location="Wildlife Garden" longitude="-51.496" municipality="London" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
<specimenCount id="8B8DE9FAB053FFF2FEDDFD8BFE97FD17" box="[263,310,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FE92FD8BFDF6FD16" bold="true" box="[328,599,618,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FE92FD8BFDF3FD16" box="[328,594,618,645]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">UNITED KINGDOM</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="7D50B809B053FFF2FDB9FD8BFD1CFD17" box="[611,701,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">London</collectingMunicipality>
, NHM 
<location id="985474A8B053FFF2FCC3FD8BFC77FD17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15229365B057FFFDFF4DF9E7FA9AFD63:985474A8B053FFF2FCC3FD8BFC77FD17" box="[793,982,619,645]" country="United Kingdom" longitude="-51.496" municipality="London" name="Wildlife Garden" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Wildlife Garden</location>
, meadow, 
<geoCoordinate id="F8BF44B4B053FFF2FB8CFD8AFA2CFD17" box="[1110,1421,618,645]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" precision="1" seconds="45.6" value="-51.496">N51°29’45.6” W0°10’42.1</geoCoordinate>
”, 
<date id="E93504B3B053FFF2FF4DFD6FFEF7FD3B" box="[151,342,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="2013-04" valueMax="2013-05-31" valueMin="2013-04-00">
<collectingDate id="F971FD5BB053FFF2FF4DFD6FFEF7FD3B" box="[151,342,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" value="2013-04" valueMax="2013-05-31" valueMin="2013-04-00">April–May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="307E47A5B053FFF2FEBBFD6FFE03FD3B" box="[353,418,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Sivell</collectorName>
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FE73FD6FFE40FD3B" box="[425,481,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">et al.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FB9ABAB6B053FFF2FE2AFD6FFDC0FD3B" box="[496,609,655,681]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D59171F8B053FFFDFF1DFD53FA9AFD63" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D342273B053FFF2FF1DFD53FCA4FBCB" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FF1DFD53FDD6FD5E" bold="true" box="[199,631,690,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Remarks on intraspecific variation.</emphasis>
European authors described 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FC12FD53FB87FD5E" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[968,1062,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FC12FD53FB87FD5E" box="[968,1062,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at least 15 times from 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FAE2FD53FA39FD5F" box="[1336,1432,691,717]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FF4DFD37FEA1FD63" box="[151,256,727,753]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FED3FD37FEFAFD63" box="[265,347,727,753]" name="Greece" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Greece</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FEBEFD37FE66FD63" box="[356,455,727,753]" name="Hungary" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Hungary</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FE0AFD37FDA1FD63" box="[464,512,727,753]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FDD3FD37FD9CFD63" box="[521,573,727,753]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FD9CFD37FD00FD63" box="[582,673,727,753]" name="Sweden" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FD0DFD37FC90FD63" box="[727,817,727,753]" name="Norway" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Norway</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FCE4FD37FC1CFD63" box="[830,957,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Selected type specimens of Trichacis; A. T. tristis, neotype female, anterior head; B. T. tristis, neotype female, lateral habitus; C. Platygaster didas, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. P. pisis, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. P. remulus, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. T. vitreus, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. T. nosferatus, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. T. weiperti, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. T. striata Masner, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Figs 4A–H</figureCitation>
).This state of affairs is partially attributable to intraspecific variation, separation based on minute differences, and examination of small series. For example, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FA52FD1BFF52FCAA" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiperti">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FA52FD1BFF52FCAA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. weiperti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FED8FCFFFEFBFCAB" box="[258,346,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Selected type specimens of Trichacis; A. T. tristis, neotype female, anterior head; B. T. tristis, neotype female, lateral habitus; C. Platygaster didas, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. P. pisis, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. P. remulus, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. T. vitreus, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. T. nosferatus, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. T. weiperti, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. T. striata Masner, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
) was treated as new based on antennomere measurements from a single specimen. Viewing angle can greatly influence measurement. 
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FDEAFCA3FD34FCCF" box="[560,661,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[165,1422,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Genus-level characters of Trichacis and Isocybus. A–B. Trichacis tristis female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000797; A. Dorsal head and mesosoma, showing broad aspect of clava; B. Dorsal head showing narrow aspect of clava; C. Isocybus female, dorsal habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000880; D. Isocybus female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000851; E. Trichacis tristis female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000805." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906724/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Figures 1</figureCitation>
A−B illustrate the antenna of the same specimen at different angles, demonstrating the drastic difference. Antennomere measurements should only be taken in lateral view, preferably from antennae that have been removed from the head and mounted on a microscope slide. Antennomeres are also subject to allometric scaling and host-related variation (
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FCDCFC4FFC47FC5B" author="Johnson, N. F. &amp; Rawlins, J. E. &amp; Pavuk, D. M." box="[774,998,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="437 - 447" refId="ref8107" refString="Johnson, N. F., Rawlins, J. E. &amp; Pavuk, D. M. (1987) Host-related antennal variation in the polyphagous egg parasite Telenomus alsophilae (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Systematic Entomology, 12 (4), 437 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1987. tb 00216. x" type="journal article" year="1987">
Johnson 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FCB1FC4FFC02FC5B" box="[875,931,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">et al.</emphasis>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
). Coloration is similarly unreliable and can vary with host species (
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FE0FFC33FD1DFC7F" author="Talamas, E. J. &amp; Bremer, J. S. &amp; Moore, M. R. &amp; Bon, M. C. &amp; Lahey, Z. &amp; Roberts, C. G. &amp; Combee, L. A. &amp; McGathey, N. &amp; van Noort, S. &amp; Timokhov, A. V. &amp; Hougardy, E. &amp; Hogg, B." box="[469,700,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="323 - 480" refId="ref9073" refString="Talamas, E. J., Bremer, J. S., Moore, M. R., Bon, M. C., Lahey, Z., Roberts, C. G., Combee, L. A., McGathey, N., van Noort, S., Timokhov, A. V., Hougardy, E. &amp; Hogg, B. (2021) A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey, Z. &amp; Talamas, E. (Eds.), Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 87, pp. 323 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 87.72842" type="journal article" year="2021">
Talamas 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FDE7FC33FDD6FC7F" box="[573,631,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
), geographic region (
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FC75FC33FB8DFC7F" author="Vlug, H. J." box="[943,1068,978,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="179 - 224" refId="ref9328" refString="Vlug, H. J. (1985) The types of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera, Scelionoidea) described by Haliday and Walker and preserved in the National Museum of Ireland and in the British Museum (Natural History) 2. Keys to species, redescriptions, synonymy. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 127 (9), 179 - 224." type="journal article" year="1985">Vlug 1985</bibRefCitation>
), or preservation history (
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FA8FFC33FF72FB83" author="Banks, N." pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref7228" refString="Banks, N. (1909) Directions for collecting and preserving insects. United States National Museum Bulletin, 67, 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.67. i" type="journal article" year="1909">Banks 1909</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FF3DFC17FECEFB83" author="Buhl, P. N." box="[231,367,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="93 - 100" refId="ref7373" refString="Buhl, P. N. (1997) Four new species of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae). Entomofauna, 18 (11), 93 - 100." type="journal article" year="1997">Buhl (1997)</bibRefCitation>
diagnosed 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FE34FC17FDF4FB82" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="1997" box="[494,597,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FE34FC17FDF4FB82" box="[494,597,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. vitreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FDBEFC17FD19FB83" box="[612,696,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Selected type specimens of Trichacis; A. T. tristis, neotype female, anterior head; B. T. tristis, neotype female, lateral habitus; C. Platygaster didas, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. P. pisis, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. P. remulus, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. T. vitreus, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. T. nosferatus, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. T. weiperti, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. T. striata Masner, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) by its pale wings and legs, which likely faded in color during the 14 years between its collection and description. We have found no support for the description of species based solely on minor differences in coloration or antennomere size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B053FFF2FF1DFB83FD01FAC7" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
Cuticular sculpture is more useful for diagnosis, although this character is somewhat variable in 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FAECFB83FA34FBEE" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[1334,1429,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FAECFB83FA34FBEE" box="[1334,1429,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The frons sometimes exhibits a longitudinal line or thin furrow ventral to the median ocellus as described in 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FA52FB67FE8FFB57" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchricornis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FA52FB67FE8FFB57" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. pulchricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FEE4FB4BFE32FB57" box="[318,403,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[165,1422,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Genus-level characters of Trichacis and Isocybus. A–B. Trichacis tristis female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000797; A. Dorsal head and mesosoma, showing broad aspect of clava; B. Dorsal head showing narrow aspect of clava; C. Isocybus female, dorsal habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000880; D. Isocybus female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000851; E. Trichacis tristis female, anterior head, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000805." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906724/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
), and the mesopleuron sometimes exhibits very faint striations as described in 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FAD6FB4BFA3CFB57" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="1997" box="[1292,1437,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosferatus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FAD6FB4BFA3CFB57" box="[1292,1437,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. nosferatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FF45FB2FFF4DFB7B" box="[159,236,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1435,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Trichacis tristis. A–B. Female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000804; A. Lateral habitus; B. Dorsal habitus; C. Female, ventral habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000720; D–E. Male, OSUC 45132; D. Dorsal head and mesosoma; E. Lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906730/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Fig 3E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FF2FFB2FFEBDFB7B" box="[245,284,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Selected type specimens of Trichacis; A. T. tristis, neotype female, anterior head; B. T. tristis, neotype female, lateral habitus; C. Platygaster didas, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. P. pisis, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. P. remulus, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. T. vitreus, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. T. nosferatus, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. T. weiperti, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. T. striata Masner, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">4G</figureCitation>
). However, the mesopleural sculpture of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FD00FB2FFC92FB7A" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[730,819,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FD00FB2FFC92FB7A" box="[730,819,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always very smooth in comparison to the conspicuous striation found in 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FEBCFB13FDD0FA9F" authority="Masner, 1983" authorityName="Masner" authorityYear="1983" box="[358,625,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FEBCFB13FE6CFA9E" box="[358,461,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. striata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FE0CFB13FDD0FA9F" author="Masner, L." box="[470,625,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="1071 - 1093" refId="ref8408" refString="Masner, L. (1983) Revision of the Nearctic species of Trichacis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Platygastridae). Canadian Entomologist, 115, 1071 - 1093. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1151071 - 9" type="journal article" year="1983">Masner, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FD59FB13FD75FA9F" box="[643,724,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Selected type specimens of Trichacis; A. T. tristis, neotype female, anterior head; B. T. tristis, neotype female, lateral habitus; C. Platygaster didas, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. P. pisis, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. P. remulus, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. T. vitreus, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. T. nosferatus, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. T. weiperti, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. T. striata Masner, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). It should also be noted that description of new species from singleton specimens in poor condition, such as the 
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B053FFF2FD0AFAF7FC93FAA3" box="[720,818,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FC8DFAF7FC46FAA3" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="1997" box="[855,999,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosferatus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FC8DFAF7FC46FAA3" box="[855,999,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. nosferatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FC2CFAF7FBECFAA3" box="[1014,1101,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Selected type specimens of Trichacis; A. T. tristis, neotype female, anterior head; B. T. tristis, neotype female, lateral habitus; C. Platygaster didas, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. P. pisis, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. P. remulus, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. T. vitreus, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. T. nosferatus, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. T. weiperti, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. T. striata Masner, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
) is a poor choice, as it creates a challenge to observing characters of interest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B053FFF2FF1DFABFFAFAF9BF" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FF1DFABFFDD0FAEA" bold="true" box="[199,625,1374,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Remarks on additional synonymies.</emphasis>
The Walker species of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FCADFABFFC7EFAEB" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[887,991,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FCADFABFFC7EFAEB" box="[887,991,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FC2AFABFFB0AFAEA" box="[1008,1195,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FC2AFABFFBEBFAEB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1008,1098,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didas">T. didas</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FB8CFABFFB06FAEA" authority="(Walker, 1835)" box="[1110,1191,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisis">T. pisis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FB38FABFFAF7FAEB" authority="(Walker, 1835)" box="[1250,1366,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remulus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FB38FABFFAF7FAEB" box="[1250,1366,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. remulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B053FFF2FAB5FABFFF78FA0F" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[171,1416,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Selected type specimens of Trichacis; A. T. tristis, neotype female, anterior head; B. T. tristis, neotype female, lateral habitus; C. Platygaster didas, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. P. pisis, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. P. remulus, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. T. vitreus, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. T. nosferatus, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. T. weiperti, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. T. striata Masner, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Fig. 4C–E</figureCitation>
) were redescribed, illustrated, and keyed by 
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FD17FA63FCFBFA0F" author="Vlug, H. J." box="[717,858,1410,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="179 - 224" refId="ref9328" refString="Vlug, H. J. (1985) The types of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera, Scelionoidea) described by Haliday and Walker and preserved in the National Museum of Ireland and in the British Museum (Natural History) 2. Keys to species, redescriptions, synonymy. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 127 (9), 179 - 224." type="journal article" year="1985">Vlug (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. He suspected that they were conspecific, with very slight variation in color and antennomere shape, but cautiously declined to take taxonomic action without examining more material. Similarly, Arnold Förster noted that he thought 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FCBEFA2BFB84FA76" box="[868,1061,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FCBEFA2BFC61FA77" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[868,960,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didas">T. didas</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FC17FA2BFB80FA76" authority="(Walker, 1835)" box="[973,1057,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisis">T. pisis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FB85FA2BFB74FA77" authority="(Walker, 1835)" box="[1119,1237,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remulus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FB85FA2BFB74FA77" box="[1119,1237,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. remulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FF15FA0FFE88F99A" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[207,297,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FF15FA0FFE88F99A" box="[207,297,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on original exemplars of these species received from their respective authors (unpublished label data, NHMW). Our morphological assessment of the 
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B053FFF2FD35F9F3FC8BF9BF" box="[751,810,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">types</typeStatus>
confirms the suspicions of both Vlug and Förster.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B053FFF2FF1DF9D7FE01F90B" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
We did not locate the 
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B053FFF2FE64F9D7FE58F9C3" box="[446,505,1591,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FDC5F9D7FCDDF9C3" authority="Thomson, 1859" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[543,892,1590,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FDC5F9D7FD64F9C3" box="[543,709,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. abdominalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FD16F9D7FCDDF9C3" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[716,892,1590,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="69 - 87" refId="ref9225" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1859) Sveriges Proctotruper. Tribus VII. Platygastrini. Ofversigt af Kongliga Ventenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 16, 69 - 87. [in Swedish and Latin]" type="journal article" year="1859">Thomson, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Ringsjön, 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FBDBF9D7FBFAF9C3" box="[1025,1115,1591,1617]" name="Sweden" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Sweden</collectingCountry>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FB40F9D7FA3DF9C3" authority="Kieffer, 1916" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1916" box="[1178,1436,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illusor">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FB40F9D7FB5EF9C3" box="[1178,1279,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. illusor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FADDF9D7FA3DF9C3" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[1287,1436,1591,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="547 - 592" refId="ref8243" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1916) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Platygasterinae und ihrer Lebensweise. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten, 46, 547 - 592. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1916">Kieffer, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Trieste, 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FF24F9BBFE97F9E7" box="[254,310,1627,1653]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Italy</collectingCountry>
). However, the descriptions and geographic localities for both species match the morphology and distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FEE4F99FFE38F90A" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[318,409,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FEE4F99FFE38F90A" box="[318,409,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B053FFF2FF1DF943FF58F8BB" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FF1DF943FE35F92E" authorityName="Asadi &amp; Buhl" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,404,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FF1DF943FE35F92E" box="[199,404,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Trichacis persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as being similar to 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FCC3F943FCD4F92E" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[793,885,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FCC3F943FCD4F92E" box="[793,885,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with minor differences in the proportions of the antennomeres. This diagnosis, the photographs provided in the description, and the locality (a wheat-producing region with agricultural fields visible in satellite photos), led us to conclude that 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FBC5F90BFB39F896" authorityName="Asadi &amp; Buhl" authorityYear="2021" box="[1055,1176,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FBC5F90BFB39F896" box="[1055,1176,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FF4DF8EFFF52F8BA" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,243,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FF4DF8EFFF52F8BA" box="[151,243,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B053FFF2FF1DF8D3FA23F84F" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FF1DF8D3FD5AF8DF" bold="true" box="[199,763,1842,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
Remarks on the Hungarian species of 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FD52F8D2FD5AF8DF" bold="true" box="[648,763,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FD52F8D2FD56F8DF" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[648,759,1842,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trichacis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Gusztáv Szelényi worked as a plant protection entomologist in 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B053FFF2FF6CF8B7FEB9F8E3" box="[182,280,1879,1905]" name="Hungary" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Hungary</collectingCountry>
in the early to mid-20th century. His agricultural research led him to parasitoid taxonomy, including a few descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FE4BF89BFD92F807" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[401,563,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
, one of which was 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FCCFF89BFBDFF807" authority="Szelenyi, 1953" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1953" box="[789,1150,1914,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchricornis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FCCFF89BFC68F807" box="[789,969,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. pulchricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B053FFF2FC09F89BFBDFF807" author="Szelenyi, G." box="[979,1150,1914,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" pagination="484 - 485" refId="ref8834" refString="Szelenyi, G. (1953) Trichacis pulchricornis Szelenyi spec. nov. In: Szekessy, V. (Ed.), Die Tier und Pflanzenwelt des Naturschutzgebietes Batorliget und seiner Umgebung. Adademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 484 - 485. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1953">Szelényi, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The 
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B053FFF2FB1AF89BFB51F807" box="[1216,1264,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">type</typeStatus>
of this species was not found in HNHM. However, other material from the 
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B053FFF2FCE6F87FFCCDF82B" box="[828,876,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">type</typeStatus>
locality, Bátorliget, included no 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FB06F87FFA3DF82B" authority="Forster" box="[1244,1436,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FB06F87FFAE5F82B" box="[1244,1348,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">Trichacis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
besides the common 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FE59F823FE7FF84E" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[387,478,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FE59F823FE7FF84E" box="[387,478,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The description of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FD1AF823FCD3F84F" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1953" box="[704,882,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchricornis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FD1AF823FCD3F84F" box="[704,882,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. pulchricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also consistent with our concept of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B053FFF2FAC5F823FADAF84E" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[1311,1403,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B053FFF2FAC5F823FADAF84E" box="[1311,1403,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="569">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9F472FBB052FFF3FF4DF91CFAB5F8AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906730/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="570" startId="7.[151,250,1788,1812]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1764]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9D342273B052FFF3FF4DF91CFAB5F8AA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1788,1848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="570">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B052FFF3FF4DF91CFEB3F886" bold="true" box="[151,274,1788,1812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="570">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B052FFF3FEC2F91CFE14F886" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[280,437,1788,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B052FFF3FEC2F91CFE14F886" box="[280,437,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="570">Trichacis tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A–B. Female, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000804; A. Lateral habitus; B. Dorsal habitus; C. Female, ventral habitus, SMNS_Hym_Pla_000720; D–E. Male, OSUC 45132; D. Dorsal head and mesosoma; E. Lateral habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9F472FBB05DFFFCFF4DF8AEFE99F864" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7906732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906732/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" startId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" targetBox="[171,1416,181,1846]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9D342273B05DFFFCFF4DF8AEFE99F864" blockId="8.[151,1437,1870,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFF4DF8AEFEB4F8F4" bold="true" box="[151,277,1870,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Selected type specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFD9AF8AEFD3FF8F4" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[576,670,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFD9AF8AEFD3FF8F4" box="[576,670,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFD14F8AFFC82F8F4" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[718,803,1871,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFD14F8AFFC82F8F4" box="[718,803,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, neotype female, anterior head; B. 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFB4FF8AFFB51F8F4" box="[1173,1264,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFB4FF8AFFB4DF8F4" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1173,1260,1871,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">T. tristis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
neotype female, lateral habitus; C. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFE8FF892FDA9F818" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1835" box="[341,520,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Platygaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didas">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFE8FF892FDA9F818" box="[341,520,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">Platygaster didas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; D. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFCADF893FC1EF818" box="[887,959,1907,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFCADF893FC1EF818" box="[887,959,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">P. pisis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; E. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFAF1F893FA37F818" box="[1323,1430,1906,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remulus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFAF1F893FA37F818" box="[1323,1430,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">P. remulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype male, dorsal habitus; F. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFE34F877FDEAF83C" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="1997" box="[494,587,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFE34F877FDEAF83C" box="[494,587,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">T. vitreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype female, dorsal habitus; G. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFC1FF877FBE9F83C" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="1997" box="[965,1096,1942,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nosferatus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFC1FF877FBE9F83C" box="[965,1096,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">T. nosferatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype female, lateral habitus; H. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFF62F85BFE87F840" authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2019" box="[184,294,1979,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiperti">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFF62F85BFE87F840" box="[184,294,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">T. weiperti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype female, anterior head and antenna; I. 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05DFFFCFCC3F85BFC6DF840" authority="Masner" authorityName="Masner" authorityYear="1983" box="[793,972,1979,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05DFFFCFCC3F85BFCD7F840" box="[793,886,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="571">T. striata</emphasis>
Masner
</taxonomicName>
, holotype female, lateral habitus image by J. Mackey, CNCI.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D342273B05CFFFDFF1DFF77FF51FE43" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">
János Barna Szabó was a prolific self-taught hymenopterist in 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B05CFFFDFCA6FF77FC7FFF23" box="[892,990,151,177]" name="Hungary" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Hungary</collectingCountry>
in the mid-20th century. His knowledge of Platygastroidea came primarily from one book: 
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFD10FF5BFCC5FF47" box="[714,868,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Das Tierreich</emphasis>
volume 48 by Jean-Jacques 
<bibRefCitation id="F91A5F82B05CFFFDFB78FF5BFAE2FF47" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[1186,1347,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" refId="ref8279" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1926) Das Tierreich. 48. Lieferung. Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Leipzig, 885 pp. [in German] https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783111432939" type="book" year="1926">Kieffer (1926)</bibRefCitation>
(Zoltán 
<collectingRegion id="5F4FEC91B05CFFFDFF4DFF3FFF63FF6B" box="[151,194,223,249]" country="Hungary" name="Vas" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Vas</collectingRegion>
, pers. comm.). The resulting taxonomic work therefore had limited perspective. It is clear from examination of Szabó’s platygastrid collection that his generic concepts were sometimes inaccurate. Szabó described eight species of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFF62FEC7FE81FED3" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[184,288,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFF62FEC7FE81FED3" box="[184,288,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, four of which were published in 1977 (
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFD2DFEC7FB19FED2" box="[759,1208,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFD2DFEC7FCD4FED3" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1977" box="[759,885,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afurcata">T. afurcata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFC59FEC7FBB7FED3" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1977" box="[899,1046,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hungarica">T. hungarica</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFBFEFEC7FB19FED2" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1977" box="[1060,1208,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pannonica">T. pannonica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFB20FEC7FAF9FED3" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1977" box="[1274,1368,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatika">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFB20FEC7FAF9FED3" box="[1274,1368,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. tatika</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The 
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B05CFFFDFF4DFEABFEA5FEF7" box="[151,260,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
of these specimens, along with some other material determined by Szabó as 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFB50FEABFB53FEF7" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[1162,1266,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFB50FEABFB53FEF7" box="[1162,1266,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, belong to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFF05FE8FFEC1FE1B" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[223,352,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Amblyaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFF05FE8FFEC1FE1B" box="[223,352,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Amblyaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B05CFFFDFEB4FE8FFE4CFE1B" box="[366,493,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[151,1435,181,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Specimens from HNHM. A. Amblyaspis afurcata, holotype female, lateral habitus; B. Amblyaspis hungarica, holotype female, dorsal habitus; C. Amblyaspis pannonica, holotype female, dorsal habitus; D. Amblyaspis tatika, holotype female, dorsal habitus; E. T. tristis male, lateral habitus, from collecting event of T. hajduica; F. T. tristis male, lateral habitus, from collecting event of T. fusciala; G. T. tristis female, dorsal habitus, from collecting event of T. hajduica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906734/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Figs 5A–D</figureCitation>
), into which we now transfer them. It is likely that these are junior synonyms as well, but the chaotic state of species-level taxonomy in 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFD00FE73FCFAFE3F" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[730,859,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Amblyaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFD00FE73FCFAFE3F" box="[730,859,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Amblyaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not allow for more specific determination at present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B05CFFFDFF1DFE3BFD48FD17" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">
Based on determination labels in HNHM, it appears that Szabó adopted the prevailing concept of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFAEEFE3BFA3DFE67" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[1332,1436,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFAEEFE3BFA3DFE67" box="[1332,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sometime after 1977. He published four species of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFD65FE1FFC86FD8B" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[703,807,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFD65FE1FFC86FD8B" box="[703,807,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Hortobagy National Park in 1981 (
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFB05FE1FFE36FDAF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFB05FE1FFA39FD8B" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1981" box="[1247,1432,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentiscutum">T. bidentiscutum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFF4DFDC3FEAEFDAF" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,271,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusciala">T. fusciala</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFEC0FDC3FE36FDAF" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1981" box="[282,407,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hajduica">T. hajduica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFE0FFDC3FDD9FDAF" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1981" box="[469,632,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriclava">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFE0FFDC3FDD9FDAF" box="[469,632,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. quadriclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). These 
<typeStatus id="42309CD1B05CFFFDFD00FDC3FCE6FDAF" box="[730,839,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
were not found in HNHM. However, examination of extensive material from the original collecting events yielded no evidence of any 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFB9BFDA7FAA2FDF3" authority="Forster" box="[1089,1283,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFB9BFDA7FB08FDF3" box="[1089,1193,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Trichacis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
other than 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFA52FDA7FF76FD16" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFA52FDA7FF76FD16" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was present in abundance (
<figureCitation id="05B03EF6B05CFFFDFD84FD8BFD7CFD17" box="[606,733,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[151,1435,181,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Specimens from HNHM. A. Amblyaspis afurcata, holotype female, lateral habitus; B. Amblyaspis hungarica, holotype female, dorsal habitus; C. Amblyaspis pannonica, holotype female, dorsal habitus; D. Amblyaspis tatika, holotype female, dorsal habitus; E. T. tristis male, lateral habitus, from collecting event of T. hajduica; F. T. tristis male, lateral habitus, from collecting event of T. fusciala; G. T. tristis female, dorsal habitus, from collecting event of T. hajduica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7906734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7906734/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Figs 5E–G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D342273B05CFFFDFF1DFD6FFA9AFD63" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">
Furthermore, thorough examination of the platygastrid holdings at HNHM indicates that the 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFB37FD6FFAF4FD3B" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[1261,1365,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFB37FD6FFAF4FD3B" box="[1261,1365,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Trichacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="E59C62E3B05CFFFDFF61FD53FEBFFD5F" box="[187,286,691,717]" name="Hungary" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">Hungary</collectingCountry>
, like the rest of central Europe, includes only one species. We conclude that 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFB67FD53FAD4FD5F" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1953" box="[1213,1397,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchricornis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFB67FD53FAD4FD5F" box="[1213,1397,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. pulchricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFA52FD53FE95FD63" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentiscutum">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFA52FD53FE95FD63" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. bidentiscutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFE98FD37FE16FD63" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1981" box="[322,439,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusciala">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFE98FD37FE16FD63" box="[322,439,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. fusciala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFE1EFD37FDE3FD63" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1981" box="[452,578,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hajduica">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFE1EFD37FDE3FD63" box="[452,578,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. hajduica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFDA5FD37FC83FD63" authorityName="Szabo" authorityYear="1981" box="[639,802,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriclava">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFDA5FD37FC83FD63" box="[639,802,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. quadriclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are best treated as junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="5A8B59F0B05CFFFDFB03FD37FA95FD62" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1241,1332,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trichacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="AFFFFE61B05CFFFDFB03FD37FA95FD62" box="[1241,1332,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="572">T. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>