337 lines
40 KiB
XML
337 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B996A6AB6915EBFAA260722B2CB06A7C">Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A087E00E5DFFA7FF7FFA1FFD60FB43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137848" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6137848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087E00E5DFFA7FF7FFA1FFD60FB43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087E00E5DFFA7FF7FFA1FFD60FB43" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="D0FE819A0E5DFFA6FF7FFA1FFD33F9A0" bold="true" box="[151,745,1521,1547]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5DFFA6FF7FFA1FFD33F9A0" authority="Vredenburg, 1923" authorityName="Vredenburg" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,745,1521,1547]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FF7FFA1FFD33F9A0" bold="true" box="[151,745,1521,1547]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FF7FFA1FFDDBF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,513,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Athleta (Volutocorbis) burtoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5DFFA6FDE1FA1FFD33F9A0" author="Vredenburg" box="[521,745,1521,1547]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E5DFFA6FF7FF9FAFEF8F987" blockId="20.[151,745,1521,1581]" box="[151,290,1556,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13322A730E5DFFA6FF77F9FAFEC0F987" box="[159,282,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A – G" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1360,193,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[242,1369,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. A – G. Athleta (Volutocorbis) burtoni Vredenburg, 1923, A (CPAG. RAN. I. 31, dorsal view, stn 2), B (CPAG. RAN. I. 32, ventral view, stn 3), C (CPAG. RAN. I. 33, dorsal view, stn 1), D – F (MNHN. F. J 13433, Cossmann coll., ventral (D) and dorsal (E) views, enlarged view of the spire (F), Jhirak), G (MNHN. F. J 13434, Cossmann coll., dorsal view, Jhirak); H – L. Athleta (Volutocorbis) cf. wynnei Cox, 1930, H – I (CPAG. RAN. I. 35, dorsal view (H) and enlarged view of the spire (I), stn 4), J (CPAG. RAN. I. 36, ventral view, stn 4), K – L (CPAG. RAN. I. 34, ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views). Scale bars: A – E, G – H, J – L = 10 mm; F, I = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228546/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Fig. 9A–G</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5DFFA6FF7FF9B2FD60F9D9" authority="Vredenburg, 1923: 261" authorityName="Vredenburg" authorityPageNumber="261" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,698,1628,1650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FF7FF9B2FE12F9D9" box="[151,456,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Athleta (Volutocorbis) burtoni</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E5DFFA6FE26F9B2FD60F9D9" author="Vredenburg" box="[462,698,1628,1650]" page="261" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5DFFA6FE26F9B2FD52F9D9" author="Vredenburg" box="[462,648,1628,1650]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 261
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 15, fig. 2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5DFFA6FF7FF994FD13F93B" authority="Vredenburg, 1923: 260" authorityName="Vredenburg" authorityPageNumber="260" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,713,1658,1680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="victoriae" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FF7FF994FE0DF93B" box="[151,471,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Athleta (Volutocorbis) victoriae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E5DFFA6FE36F994FD13F93B" author="Vredenburg" box="[478,713,1658,1680]" page="260" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5DFFA6FE36F994FD4DF93B" author="Vredenburg" box="[478,663,1658,1680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 260
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 15, figs 4.
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FF7FF977FE15F904" box="[151,463,1689,1711]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5DFFA6FF7FF977FE11F904" box="[151,459,1689,1711]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">Athleta (Volutocorbis) burtoni</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Cotter
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FDF2F974FDF4F904" box="[538,558,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E5DFFA6FDDCF977FCD7F904" author="Vredenburg" box="[564,781,1689,1711]" page="37" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5DFFA6FDDCF977FD32F904" author="Vredenburg" box="[564,744,1689,1711]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1928) A supplement to the Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 10 (4), 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1928">Vredenburg 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 37
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5DFFA6FF7FF956FDEFF965" authority="Eames, 1952: 109" authorityName="Eames" authorityPageNumber="109" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,565,1720,1742]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Volutocorbis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="soriensis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FF7FF956FEADF965" box="[151,375,1720,1742]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Volutocorbis soriensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E5DFFA6FE95F957FDEFF965" author="Eames" box="[381,565,1720,1742]" page="109" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5DFFA6FE95F957FDDEF965" author="Eames" box="[381,516,1720,1742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in western Pakistan and western India: C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of western Punjab and in the Kohat district. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 236 (631), 1 - 168. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 109
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 4, fig. 95a–b.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E5DFFA6FF7FF938FD33F947" blockId="20.[151,858,1628,1772]" box="[151,745,1750,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911D80E5DFFA6FF7FF938FD33F947" box="[151,745,1750,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5DFFA6FF7FF938FEB2F947" box="[151,360,1750,1772]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Volutocorbis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni">
|
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FF7FF938FEB2F947" box="[151,360,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Volutocorbis burtoni</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E5DFFA6FE9CF938FDC1F947" author="Glibert" box="[372,539,1750,1772]" page="48" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5DFFA6FE9CF938FE22F947" author="Glibert" box="[372,504,1750,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refString="Glibert, M. (1960) Les Volutacea fossiles du Cenozoique etranger des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 2 eme Serie, 61, 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="1960">Glibert 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 48
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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[new combination].
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C313657D0E5DFFA7FF7FF8F7FC58FEEB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E5DFFA7FF7FF8F7FC58FEEB" blockId="20.[151,1436,1817,2022]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,1256]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5DFFA6FF7FF8F7FEF3F899" bold="true" box="[151,297,1817,1842]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Description.</emphasis>
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Shell biconic, H 22, D
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B130E5DFFA6FDA1F8F4FD44F89A" box="[585,670,1818,1842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Protoconch and two first teleoconch whorls unknown; at least 5 teleoconch whorls. Spire moderately high, occupying 21% of total shell height. Spiral whorls convex, last whorl rather oval. Spiral sculpture on spire of first row a subsutural nodules, becoming more developed apically; abapically, one or two rows of nodules including shoulder row, which is less distinct than other rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13322A730E5DFFA6FAF8F86BFABCF835" box="[1296,1382,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A – G" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[242,1360,193,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[242,1369,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. A – G. Athleta (Volutocorbis) burtoni Vredenburg, 1923, A (CPAG. RAN. I. 31, dorsal view, stn 2), B (CPAG. RAN. I. 32, ventral view, stn 3), C (CPAG. RAN. I. 33, dorsal view, stn 1), D – F (MNHN. F. J 13433, Cossmann coll., ventral (D) and dorsal (E) views, enlarged view of the spire (F), Jhirak), G (MNHN. F. J 13434, Cossmann coll., dorsal view, Jhirak); H – L. Athleta (Volutocorbis) cf. wynnei Cox, 1930, H – I (CPAG. RAN. I. 35, dorsal view (H) and enlarged view of the spire (I), stn 4), J (CPAG. RAN. I. 36, ventral view, stn 4), K – L (CPAG. RAN. I. 34, ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views). Scale bars: A – E, G – H, J – L = 10 mm; F, I = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228546/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||
). On last whorl, spiral sculpture displaying: 1) subsutural row of nodules; 2) shoulder row of nodules; 3) abapically, 13–15 rows of almost rounded nodules, becoming less prominent on base. From second to last whorls, costae interrupted by rows of nodules. On last whorl, costae rather low, cut into prominent small, regular nodules by broad spiral grooves. Third whorl: 15–16 costae; fourth whorl: 14–19 costae; fifth and last whorl: 19–20 costae. Aperture ovate, rather narrow, occupying 75% of total height, 42% of diameter. Inner lip straight, columella with two folds, succeeded posteriorly by one or two weaker folds. Inner lip callus very narrow, not spreading. Outer lip thin, not thickened externally. Siphonal canal short; siphonal notch shallow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313657D0E5CFFA7FF2FFEA2FC78FE07" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E5CFFA7FF2FFEA2FC78FE07" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FF2FFEA2FEECFECE" bold="true" box="[199,310,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
1 spm (stn 1:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FE33FEA2FDF1FECF" box="[475,555,332,356]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">CPAG</collectionCode>
|
||
.RAN.
|
||
<date id="FFB710360E5CFFA7FD99FEA2FD42FECF" box="[625,664,332,356]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" value="1933-01">I.33</date>
|
||
, cast
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FD30FEA2FCEEFECE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[728,820,332,357]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.F.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="945AAB150E5CFFA7FCA3FEA2FC72FECE" box="[843,936,332,357]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A50371" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="EnaNcbi">A50371</accessionNumber>
|
||
); 3 spm (stn 2: 1 spm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FB4FFEA2FB2DFECF" box="[1191,1271,332,356]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">CPAG</collectionCode>
|
||
.RAN.
|
||
<date id="FFB710360E5CFFA7FAD5FEA2FABEFECF" box="[1341,1380,332,356]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" value="1931-01">I.31</date>
|
||
, cast
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FF7FFE81FF2BFE23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[151,241,367,392]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.F.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="945AAB150E5CFFA7FEE0FE81FEBCFE23" box="[264,358,367,392]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A50369" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="EnaNcbi">A50369</accessionNumber>
|
||
; 2 spm
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FE55FE9EFDC2FE23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[445,536,368,392]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1 spm (stn 3:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FD2EFE9EFCCFFE23" box="[710,789,368,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">CPAG</collectionCode>
|
||
.RAN.
|
||
<date id="FFB710360E5CFFA7FCB2FE9EFC59FE23" box="[858,899,368,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" value="1932-01">I.32</date>
|
||
, cast
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FC29FE81FBC6FE23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[961,1052,367,392]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.F.A50370); 3 spm (Jhirak, Lakhra Formation; Cossmann coll.,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FE3DFE7AFDEBFE07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[469,561,404,428]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.F.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="945AAB150E5CFFA7FDA0FE7AFD40FE07" box="[584,666,404,428]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J12748" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="EnaNcbi">J12748</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E5CFFA7FD4DFE7AFCDBFE07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[677,769,404,428]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.F.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="945AAB150E5CFFA7FCF0FE7AFCB0FE07" box="[792,874,404,428]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J13433" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="EnaNcbi">J13433</accessionNumber>
|
||
–34).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313657D0E5CFFA7FF2FFE59FD60FB43" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E5CFFA7FF2FFE59FEEAFB0B" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FF2FFE59FE95FE7B" bold="true" box="[199,335,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FEB0FE59FD6AFE7B" box="[344,688,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FEB0FE59FD6AFE7B" box="[344,688,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Athleta (Volutocorbis) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FC17FE59FB0DFE7B" author="Vredenburg" box="[1023,1239,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Lakhra Formation. Until now, it was recorded only from the Lakhra formation, but several specimens have been collected in marine sediments from the uppermost Bara Formation (see Geological setting). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FAF1FE11FF39FD97" author="Vredenburg" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FF07FDCAFE57FD96" box="[239,397,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FF07FDCAFE57FD96" box="[239,397,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FD52FDCAFCB1FD97" box="[698,875,548,572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eugeniae" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FD52FDCAFCB1FD97" box="[698,875,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) eugeniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, this author did not give diagnostic characters distinguishing the two species. He compared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FCC9FDA6FC1CFDCB" box="[801,966,583,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FCC9FDA6FC1CFDCB" box="[801,966,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a Bartonian species from the Paris Basin,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FF0DFD82FDAAFD2F" authority="Lamarck, 1811" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1811" box="[229,624,620,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="digitalinus" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FF0DFD82FE76FD2E" box="[229,428,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) digitalinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lamarck, 1811)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FD70FD83FB96FD2E" authority="Solander" authorityName="Solander" box="[664,1100,620,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Buccinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scabriculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FD70FD83FC40FD2E" box="[664,922,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Buccinum scabriculum</emphasis>
|
||
sensu Solander
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FBBBFD83FBB3FD2F" box="[1107,1129,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">in</emphasis>
|
||
Brander, 1766
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FAF0FD83FAB9FD2F" box="[1304,1379,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">partim</emphasis>
|
||
, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FF7FFD61FE93FD03" author="Linnaeus" box="[151,329,655,680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], because of its sculpture characterized by the presence of rounded nodules.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FB42FD7EFA96FD03" box="[1194,1356,655,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FB42FD7EFA96FD03" box="[1194,1356,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs obviously from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FEA7FD5AFDDDFD67" box="[335,519,692,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eugeniae" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FEA7FD5AFDDDFD67" box="[335,519,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) eugeniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller size, its more numerous costae (19–20 instead 14–15 on the last whorl), only two rows of nodules on the spire (subsutural and shoulder nodules) and in having rounded nodules instead crenulations on the last whorl. From the Lakhra Formation at Jhirak,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FC04FD12FB1AFCBF" author="Vredenburg" box="[1004,1216,764,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a species rather similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FE84FCCEFDC4FC93" box="[364,542,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FE84FCCEFDC4FC93" box="[364,542,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FDDEFCCEFC28FC93" authority="Vredenburg, 1923" authorityName="Vredenburg" authorityYear="1923" box="[566,1010,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="victoriae" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FDDEFCCEFD20FC93" box="[566,762,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) victoriae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FCF9FCF1FC30FC93" author="Vredenburg" box="[785,1002,799,824]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B288540E5CFFA7FBABFCCEFBA9FC93" box="[1091,1139,800,824]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, illustrated as Vredenburg’s (1923) pl. 15, fig. 4, is designated here as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B288540E5CFFA7FCD5FCAAFC7DFCF6" box="[829,935,836,861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but it is poorly preserved and it seems only wider than specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FE5AFC86FD89FC2B" box="[434,595,871,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FE5AFC86FD89FC2B" box="[434,595,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate whether it corresponds to a variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FA6CFC86FEC2FC0E" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FA6CFC86FEC2FC0E" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or a distinct species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FDE5FC62FD57FC0F" author="Cox" box="[525,653,908,932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Cox, L. R. (1930) The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighbouring areas. Part 8. The mollusc of the Hangu Shales. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 15, 129 - 222." type="journal article" year="1930">Cox (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a comparable species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FBEEFC62FAEEFC0F" authority="Cox, 1930" authorityName="Cox" authorityYear="1930" box="[1030,1332,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="daviesi" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FBEEFC62FB7EFC0E" box="[1030,1188,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) daviesi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FB5CFC62FAF6FC0F" author="Cox" box="[1204,1324,908,932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Cox, L. R. (1930) The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighbouring areas. Part 8. The mollusc of the Hangu Shales. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 15, 129 - 222." type="journal article" year="1930">Cox, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Paleocene of the Hangu Formation. The rounded aspect of the nodules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FBE8FC5EFB7EFC63" box="[1024,1188,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="daviesi" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FBE8FC5EFB7EFC63" box="[1024,1188,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) daviesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recalls the European Bartonian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FE8FFC3AFDF5FC46" box="[359,559,980,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="digitalinus" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FE8FFC3AFDF5FC46" box="[359,559,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) digitalinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FD82FC3AFCD3FC46" box="[618,777,980,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="daviesi" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FD82FC3AFCD3FC46" box="[618,777,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) daviesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FC4AFC3AFB9EFC46" box="[930,1092,980,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FC4AFC3AFB9EFC46" box="[930,1092,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having two abapical spiral rows of nodules below the shoulder row.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FD99FC16FC09FBBB" authority="Eames, 1952" authorityName="Eames" authorityYear="1952" box="[625,979,1015,1040]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Volutocorbis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="soriensis" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FD99FC16FCFFFBBB" box="[625,805,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) soriensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FCDEFC16FC10FBBB" author="Eames" box="[822,970,1015,1040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in western Pakistan and western India: C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of western Punjab and in the Kohat district. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 236 (631), 1 - 168. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Early Eocene of the Zinda Pir section (Western Punjab,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E76660E5CFFA7FE5BFBF2FDCCFB9E" box="[435,534,1052,1077]" name="Pakistan" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FDC8FBF3FD62FB9E" author="Eames" box="[544,696,1052,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Eames, F. E. (1951 b) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and western India: A. The geology of standard sections in the western Punjab and in the Kohat District. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 107, 159 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1951.107.01 - 04.07" type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="b">Eames 1951b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) displays numerous similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FBD4FBF2FB06FB9E" box="[1084,1244,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FBD4FBF2FB06FB9E" box="[1084,1244,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as rounded nodules, only two rows of nodules (the subsutural and shoulder rows), around 15–19 costae, small size and a biconic shape. In view of these similarities, we consider that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FCD4FB8AFC00FBD6" box="[828,986,1124,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Athleta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burtoni" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FCD4FB8AFC00FBD6" box="[828,986,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) burtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E5CFFA7FBF8FB8AFB1AFBD7" box="[1040,1216,1124,1148]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Volutocorbis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="soriensis" subGenus="Volutocorbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FBF8FB8AFB1AFBD7" box="[1040,1216,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. (V.) soriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could belong to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E5CFFA7FF2FFB42FD60FB43" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E5CFFA7FF2FFB42FE1EFB6E" bold="true" box="[199,452,1196,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Stratigraphic range.</emphasis>
|
||
Bara Formation (this paper); Lakhra Formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FBD5FB42FA4DFB6F" author="Cossmann" box="[1085,1431,1196,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E5CFFA7FF7FFB21FE87FB43" author="Vredenburg" box="[151,349,1231,1256]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);? Ghazij Formation (Punjab).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |