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<document id="D572CF9392DDF99AD4B7527FFEB03BB1" ID-CLB-Dataset="26379" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e08d625a-f512-45c8-9cd2-a1069798ddab" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3258532" ID-ZooBank="6C8F0D4B-1830-4B87-ACA4-824C356FDA91" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1561648971225" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2019" docId="03A087106820FFFB46EAFDF3E0934C6E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4623.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4623 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parahyadina bifurcata Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="416" masterDocId="FF99FF68682EFFF4467DFFBAE3574B18" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Shore-fly Genera Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch and New Zealand Hyadina Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="440" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="415" updateTime="1698737427717" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A5B48365C9EE1152060DAEE3F97FFD32">Revision of the Shore-fly Genera Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch and New Zealand Hyadina Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="820E88BA81837226D6ABDE502253DCB1">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8369214B9A4E77F4D19273B61E7C195">Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CBB974318506C4908F0A9A70735B61B8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0F2C6B5D548C4E9F1F7EFE5ECD8AF500">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="10836EB41511A2BFCB696AC7894C5652">2019-06-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A80F44431BED10B47ED1C2DF935A13C4">4623</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="193BE9F907F236FA475139362A6B525C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A087106820FFFB46EAFDF3E0934C6E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158407595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087106820FFFB46EAFDF3E0934C6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087106820FFFB46EAFDF3E0934C6E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<subSubSection id="C313658D6820FFFA46EAFDF3E141497B" box="[151,534,585,612]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB636066820FFFA46EAFDF3E141497B" blockId="14.[151,534,585,647]" box="[151,534,585,612]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<heading id="D0FE816A6820FFFA46EAFDF3E141497B" bold="true" box="[151,534,585,612]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA46EAFDF3E141497B" bold="true" box="[151,534,585,612]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA46EAFDF3E2E6497C" bold="true" box="[151,433,585,612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D856820FFFA46EAFDF3E2FC497C" authority="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki, 2019" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,427,585,612]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">Parahyadina bifurcata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E576F6820FFFA47C5FDF3E141497B" box="[440,534,585,611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D6820FFFA46EAFDD7E2F9499F" box="[151,430,621,647]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB636066820FFFA46EAFDD7E2F9499F" blockId="14.[151,534,585,647]" box="[151,430,621,647]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
(
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA46E2FDD7E3AA499F" box="[159,253,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1431,1456]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,921,1411]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,921,1411]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Antero-oblique view of head and thorax (Scale bar = 0.2 mm). 17. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 18. Parahyadina bulla sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. Chatham Island. Tennants Lake)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258542/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA4774FDD7E206499F" box="[265,337,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">19–22</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA4720FDD7E2F1499F" box="[349,422,621,647]" captionStart="MAP 4" captionStartId="15.[151,207,1381,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[332,1256,489,1357]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="MAP 4. Parahyadina bifurcata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407648/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Map 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D6820FFFA46EAFD0EE0704823" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB636066820FFFA46EAFD0EE06249EB" blockId="14.[151,1436,692,899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA46EAFD0EE24549D7" bold="true" box="[151,274,692,719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Adults. Small to moderately small shore flies, body length
<quantity id="4CF19BE36820FFFA44F7FD62E06749EB" box="[650,816,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="2.025" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.85">1.85–2.20 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB636066820FFFA46BAFD47E0704823" blockId="14.[151,1436,692,899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA46BAFD47E253480F" box="[199,260,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA476BFD47E23C480F" box="[278,363,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1431,1456]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,921,1411]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,921,1411]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Antero-oblique view of head and thorax (Scale bar = 0.2 mm). 17. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 18. Parahyadina bulla sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. Chatham Island. Tennants Lake)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258542/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
): Lateroclinate fronto-orbital seta well developed, basal diameter comparable or only slightly reduced in comparison to basal diameters of vertical setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D6820FFFB46BAFCFFE6714AB7" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB636066820FFFA46BAFCFFE634489B" blockId="14.[151,1436,692,899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA46BAFCFFE24F4847" box="[199,280,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA475AFCFFE22D4847" box="[295,378,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1431,1456]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,921,1411]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,921,1411]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Antero-oblique view of head and thorax (Scale bar = 0.2 mm). 17. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 18. Parahyadina bulla sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. Chatham Island. Tennants Lake)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258542/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
): 2 pairs of posterior dorsocentral setae, anterior seta shorter than posterior seta. Wing hyaline; costal section II about equal in length to costal section III; costal vein ratio 0.87–0.97; M vein ratio 0.23–0.25
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF76668E6820FFFA46EAFA2DE2424EE0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258542/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" startId="14.[151,264,1431,1456]" targetBox="[163,1436,921,1411]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BB636066820FFFA46EAFA2DE2424EE0" blockId="14.[151,1436,1431,1528]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA46EAFA2DE2024EA8" bold="true" box="[151,341,1431,1456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">FIGURES 17–18.</emphasis>
Antero-oblique view of head and thorax (Scale bar = 0.2 mm). 17.
<taxonomicName id="4C094D856820FFFA426FFA2DE7AD4EB7" authority="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki, 2019" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[1042,1274,1431,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA426FFA2DE7AD4EB7" box="[1042,1274,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parahyadina bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E576F6820FFFA437CFA2DE6044EB7" box="[1281,1363,1431,1455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA437CFA2DE6044EB7" bold="true" box="[1281,1363,1431,1455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 18.
<taxonomicName id="4C094D856820FFFA44B8FA01E0D34ECB" authority="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki, 2019" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[709,900,1467,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA44B8FA01E0D34ECB" box="[709,900,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parahyadina bulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E576F6820FFFA45F6FA01E08B4ECB" box="[907,988,1467,1491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA45F6FA01E08B4ECB" bold="true" box="[907,988,1467,1491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(male; New Zealand. Chatham Island. Tennants Lake).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB636066820FFFB46BAF99CE6714AB7" blockId="14.[151,1436,1573,2032]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,153,431]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA46BAF99CE2664D58" box="[199,305,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tergites 3–5 with ventrolateral margin shallowly rounded; male tergite 5 extended posteriorly in same plane as tergite 4.
<emphasis id="B97DEA146820FFFA47D0F9F0E1324D7C" box="[429,613,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Male terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA4408F9F0E0554D7C" box="[629,770,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs. 19–22</figureCitation>
): Epandrium in posterior view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA4212F9F0E7954D7C" box="[1135,1218,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) as an inverted, irregular U, surstyli oriented posteriorly, widest at ventral level of cerci, in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA4218F9D4E7E04D90" box="[1125,1207,1646,1672]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) with dorsal portion of epandrium linear, shallowly concave on anterior and posterior margins, width of dorsal and ventral portions subequal; surstylar length (from level of fusion;
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA44C9F90CE0524DC8" box="[692,773,1718,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) subequal to cercal height, angled very slightly posteriorly, with a medial, obtuse protrusion dorsally, thereafter ventrally tapered to narrowly rounded apex, apex bearing a single, short setula, also bearing 5 larger setulae in a vertical line along anterior margin at midlength, length of these setulae twice that of apical setula; cercus in posterior view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA450FF898E0944C24" box="[882,963,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) narrowly obovate, shallowly curved with narrowed dorsal apex nearly abutting that of other cercus, in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA45A1F8FCE7794C78" box="[988,1070,1862,1888]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) height almost twice width with anterior margin somewhat straight, posterior margin regularly but unevenly arched; aedeagus heavily sclerotized, in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA4757F834E22C4CB0" box="[298,379,1934,1960]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) rectangularly tubular, longer than wide, with base shallowly bifurcate with asymmetric, short arms, thereafter apically as straight, gradually tapered to moderately rounded apex, in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836820FFFA4371F808E6084CD4" box="[1292,1375,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) as a wide, squat, irregular drop with narrowed apical portion as a step before short apex, basally with shallow, medial V- shaped notch; phallapodeme in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836821FFFB44F8FF23E1824BAB" box="[645,725,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) irregularly rectangular, elongate, keel elongate, narrowly spool shaped, base with blunt, digitiform, elongate process extended to aedeagal base, opposite angle moderately acutely angulate, in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836821FFFB47C2FF5BE1464BE3" box="[447,529,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) I-shaped with both apical and basal margins expanded; gonite and hypandrium broadly fused, in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836821FFFB479AFEBFE1604A07" box="[487,567,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) robustly L-shaped, gonal portion shorter but more robust, bearing a shallowly triangular, sub-basal projection and an apical, digitiform projection, hypandrial portion much longer than wide, narrowly rectangular, lateral margins irregular, in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13322A836821FFFB4539FEF7E0C04A7F" box="[836,919,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–22" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[175,1406,192,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1424,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 19–22. Parahyadina bifurcata sp. nov. (male; New Zealand. South Island. FD: Monowai River). 19. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, posterior view. 20. Same, lateral view. 21. Internal structures of male terminalia, ventral view. 22. Same, lateral view (scale bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258544/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) wider than long, basal portion (hypandrium) band-like, shallowly curved, lateral extensions (gonite) longer than wide, irregular, with apical portion bifurcate, medial prong oriented medially, digitiform, lateral prong narrowly triangular, shorter than medial prong.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF76668E6821FFFB46EAFADFE28A4E66" box="[151,477,1381,1406]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407648/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" targetBox="[336,1249,493,1351]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BB636066821FFFB46EAFADFE28A4E66" blockId="15.[151,477,1381,1406]" box="[151,477,1381,1406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB46EAFADFE3BE4E66" bold="true" box="[151,233,1381,1406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">MAP 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB4692FADCE28A4E66" box="[239,477,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D856821FFFB4692FADCE28E4E66" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[239,473,1382,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">Parahyadina bifurcata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C313658D6821FFFB46BAFA17E1414D87" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB636066821FFFB46BAFA17E65C4D2B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1452,1911]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB46BAFA17E2DD4EDF" bold="true" box="[199,394,1452,1479]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Type Specimen.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54B288A46821FFFB47ADFA16E1654EDE" box="[464,562,1452,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male is labeled “
<collectingCountry id="F31E76966821FFFB4570FA17E0B24EDF" box="[781,997,1453,1479]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
. S. Isl.
<collectionCode id="ED18AEC36821FFFB4236FA17E7244EDF" box="[1099,1139,1453,1479]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">FD</collectionCode>
: MonowaiRiv.
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D50C16821FFFB4356FA16E6CA4EDF" box="[1323,1437,1452,1479]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="46.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="92" value="-45.77833">45°46.7’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D50C16821FFFB46EAFA6AE24C4EF3" box="[151,283,1488,1515]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="35.7" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="92" value="167.595">167°35.7’E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4CF19BE36821FFFB475BFA6BE2384EF3" box="[294,367,1489,1515]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="171.0">171 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB710C66821FFFB4707FA6BE1624EF3" box="[378,565,1489,1515]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2004-01-17" valueMax="2004-01-18" valueMin="2004-01-17">17–18 Jan. 2004</date>
, W. N. Mathis/
<collectionCode id="ED18AEC36821FFFB44A1FA6AE07A4EF2" box="[732,813,1488,1514]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
ENT 00028123 [plastic bar code label]/
<typeStatus id="54B288A46821FFFB4297FA6AE6D64EF3" box="[1258,1409,1488,1515]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD8F6821FFFB43FAFA6BE6CB4EF3" box="[1415,1436,1489,1515]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C094D856821FFFB46EAFA4EE1C04D16" authority="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,663,1524,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB46EAFA4EE2C04D16" box="[151,407,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Parahyadina bifurcata</emphasis>
Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED18AEC36821FFFB44E2FA4FE1BC4D17" box="[671,747,1525,1551]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" name="New Zealand Arthropod Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="Other institutional type">NZAC</collectionCode>
[red].” The
<typeStatus id="54B288A46821FFFB450BFA4EE08F4D16" box="[886,984,1524,1550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is double mounted (minuten in block of plastic elastomer), is in good condition (abdomen removed and dissected), and is deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED18AEC36821FFFB42CAF9A3E6504D2B" box="[1207,1287,1561,1587]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" name="New Zealand Arthropod Collection" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="Other institutional type">NZAC</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB636066821FFFB46BAF987E7E84D4F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1452,1911]" box="[199,1215,1596,1623]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<materialsCitation id="3B613C5B6821FFFB46BAF987E7EB4D4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270822853" box="[199,1212,1596,1623]" collectionCode="FD" country="New Zealand" elevation="120" latitude="-45.775" location="South Island." longLatPrecision="112" longitude="167.61667" municipality="Monowai" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB46BAF987E2314D4F" bold="true" box="[199,358,1596,1623]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<typeStatus id="54B288A46821FFFB46BAF987E2554D4F" box="[199,258,1597,1623]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31E76966821FFFB4711F987E1514D4E" box="[364,518,1596,1623]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8ED660DD6821FFFB446DF986E1F24D4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087106820FFFB46EAFDF3E0934C6E:8ED660DD6821FFFB446DF986E1F24D4E" box="[528,677,1596,1622]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-45.775" longLatPrecision="112" longitude="167.61667" municipality="Monowai" name="South Island." pageId="15" pageNumber="416">South Island.</location>
<collectionCode id="ED18AEC36821FFFB44D6F987E1844D4F" box="[683,723,1597,1623]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">FD</collectionCode>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD2AC7C6821FFFB44A3F986E01E4D4E" box="[734,841,1596,1622]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Monowai</collectingMunicipality>
(
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D50C16821FFFB45A5F986E70B4D4E" box="[984,1116,1596,1622]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="37.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" precision="92" value="167.61667">167°37.0’E</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="0024D1356821FFFB4215F987E7E44D4F" box="[1128,1203,1597,1623]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="120.0">
<quantity id="4CF19BE36821FFFB4215F987E7E44D4F" box="[1128,1203,1597,1623]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
</elevation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB636066821FFFB46BAF9DAE1414D87" blockId="15.[151,1437,1452,1911]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB46BAF9DAE1434D63" bold="true" box="[199,532,1632,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Other specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B613C5B6821FFFB4461F9DAE2F94D87" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270822848" collectingDate="2004-01-08" collectionCode="SOUTH" collectorName="W. N. Mathis" country="Iceland" elevation="420" latitude="-42.216667" location="Hapuku Stream" longLatPrecision="927" longitude="173.755" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB4461F9DAE0634D63" bold="true" box="[540,820,1632,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<collectionCode id="ED18AEC36821FFFB4461F9DAE1294D63" box="[540,638,1632,1659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">SOUTH</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="F31E76966821FFFB44FAF9DAE1A44D63" box="[647,755,1632,1659]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">ISLAND</collectingCountry>
. KA:
</emphasis>
<location id="8ED660DD6821FFFB4540F9DAE0B94D63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087106820FFFB46EAFDF3E0934C6E:8ED660DD6821FFFB4540F9DAE0B94D63" box="[829,1006,1632,1659]" country="Iceland" latitude="-42.216667" longLatPrecision="927" longitude="173.755" name="Hapuku Stream" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Hapuku Stream</location>
(
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,
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;
<elevation id="0024D1356821FFFB4283F9DBE61D4D63" box="[1278,1354,1633,1659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="420.0">
<quantity id="4CF19BE36821FFFB4283F9DBE61D4D63" box="[1278,1354,1633,1659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="420.0">420 m</quantity>
</elevation>
),
<collectingDate id="EFF3E92E6821FFFB431DF9DBE3854D87" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2004-01-08">
<date id="FFB710C66821FFFB431DF9DBE3854D87" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2004-01-08">8 Jan 2004</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26FC53D06821FFFB46A0F93FE2244D86" box="[221,371,1668,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">W. N. Mathis</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D0FFD8F6821FFFB47F9F93FE2FF4D87" box="[388,424,1669,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode id="ED18AEC36821FFFB47C8F93FE15C4D87" box="[437,523,1669,1695]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D6821FFFB46BAF912E7D74DDB" box="[199,1152,1704,1731]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB636066821FFFB46BAF912E7D74DDB" blockId="15.[151,1437,1452,1911]" box="[199,1152,1704,1731]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB46BAF912E20E4DDB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1704,1731]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13322A836821FFFB4715F913E2E24DDB" box="[360,437,1705,1731]" captionStart="MAP 4" captionStartId="15.[151,207,1381,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[332,1256,489,1357]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="MAP 4. Parahyadina bifurcata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3407648/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Map 4</figureCitation>
). Australasian/Oceanian:
<collectingCountry id="F31E76966821FFFB44A9F913E0394DDA" box="[724,878,1704,1731]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. South Island (FD, KA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D6821FFFB46BAF977E26A4C12" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB636066821FFFB46BAF977E26A4C12" blockId="15.[151,1437,1452,1911]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB46BAF977E2194DFF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1741,1767]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet,
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB444EF976E1F74DFE" box="[563,672,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D856821FFFB444EF976E1CB4DFE" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[563,668,1740,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">bifurcata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
is of Latin derivation and refers to the deeply bifurcate aedeagal base in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313658D6821FFFB46BAF8AFE0934C6E" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB636066821FFFB46BAF8AFE0934C6E" blockId="15.[151,1437,1452,1911]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB46BAF8AFE26C4C37" bold="true" box="[199,315,1813,1839]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C094D856821FFFB445AF8AFE1294C36" authorityName="Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki" authorityYear="2019" box="[551,638,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB445AF8AFE1294C36" box="[551,638,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">P. bulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B97DEA146821FFFB44CBF8AFE06E4C36" box="[694,825,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="4C094D856821FFFB44CBF8AFE0624C36" authorityName="Tonnoir and Malloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[694,821,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parahyadina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">P. lacustris</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
this species is distinguished by the greater number of setulae (5–6) on the surstylus at midheight. In addition, the aedeagus in lateral view is shoe-like with tapered and narrow “toe,” and the base of the aedeagus is relatively deeply bifurcate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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