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<mods:title id="D4C0B5BD763AA9DF477BE1F78C141260">A morphological review of tribes in Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D2566362FF86FFD1FF75FAD2DF5DF817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184106" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119427188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2566362FF86FFD1FF75FAD2DF5DF817" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2566362FF86FFD1FF75FAD2DF5DF817" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="12E581FFFF86FFD1FF75FAD2D8ECF83B" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF86FFD3FF75FAD2D973FA95" blockId="32.[151,549,1358,1417]" box="[151,549,1358,1384]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="01086518FF86FFD3FF75FAD2D973FA95" bold="true" box="[151,549,1358,1384]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FF75FAD2D973FA95" bold="true" box="[151,549,1358,1384]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FF00FAD2D973FA95" authority="Pierce, 1914" authorityName="Pierce" authorityYear="1914" box="[226,549,1358,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FF00FAD2DAD0FA95" bold="true" box="[226,390,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Xanthorhoini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FF86FFD3FE6CFAD2D973FA95" author="Pierce" box="[398,549,1358,1384]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Pierce, F. N. (1914) The Genitalia of The Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. Liverpool, 90 pp., 48 pls." type="book" year="1914">Pierce, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF86FFD3FF75FAEDDA1CFA74" blockId="32.[151,549,1358,1417]" box="[151,330,1393,1417]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">(Fig s 130148)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF86FFD3FF75FA25DE10F978" blockId="32.[151,1436,1465,2029]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The original treatment in
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FF86FFD3FE56FA25D91DFA2C" author="Pierce" box="[436,587,1465,1489]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Pierce, F. N. (1914) The Genitalia of The Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. Liverpool, 90 pp., 48 pls." type="book" year="1914">Pierce (1914)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FD5BFA25D8CCFA2C" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[697,922,1465,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FD5BFA25D86BFA2C" box="[697,829,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Xanthorhoe</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FC46FA25DFD4FA2C" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[932,1154,1465,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Orthonama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FC46FA25DF73FA2C" box="[932,1061,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Orthonama</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FB6EFA25DE13FA2C" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[1164,1349,1465,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ochyria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FB6EFA25DFBEFA2C" box="[1164,1256,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ochyria</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FAB2FA26D933FA08" authority="Stephens, Percnoptilota Hulst" authorityName="Stephens, Percnoptilota Hulst" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Camptogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FAB2FA26DA5CFA08" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Camptogramma</emphasis>
Stephens,
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FE64FA41D949FA08" box="[390,543,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Percnoptilota</emphasis>
Hulst
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FD7CFA42D833FA08" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[670,869,1501,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Mesotype" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FD7CFA42D85CFA08" box="[670,778,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mesotype</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
but also
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FC32FA41DFCDFA08" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[976,1179,1501,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Anticlea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FC32FA41DF7BFA08" box="[976,1069,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anticlea</emphasis>
Stephens
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FB36FA41DBA7F9E4" authority="Gumppenberg" authorityName="Gumppenberg" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Earophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FB36FA41DE13FA08" box="[1236,1349,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Earophila</emphasis>
Gumppenberg
</taxonomicName>
(both genera without coremata) and may be interpreted different as compared with preceding Epirrhoinae: Cöremata at seventh segment of male abdomen; valve costa greatly extended with projecting process; valvula reduced; calcar long with geniculate head (vestigial in some
<collectingCountry id="22E892E4FF86FFD3FCDAF9D6D89BF99C" box="[824,973,1609,1633]" name="New Zealand" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
taxa:
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FF86FFD3FBF2F9D5DFD9F99C" author="Craw" box="[1040,1167,1609,1633]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Craw, R. C. (1987) Revision of the genus Helastia sensu stricto with description of a new genus. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 14, 269 - 283." type="journal article" year="1987">Craw 1987</bibRefCitation>
); manica heavily sined; signum a pyriform band, consisting of overlapping spines; small-sized, heavily sclerotized male armatures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF86FFD3FF25F90DD9BEF90C" blockId="32.[151,1436,1465,2029]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FF86FFD3FF25F90DDA33F954" author="Forbes" box="[199,357,1681,1705]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Forbes, W. T. M. (1948) Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, 2. Memoirs Cornell University Agriculture Experimental Station, 274, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1948">Forbes (1948)</bibRefCitation>
stressed the characters of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FD73F90DD870F954" box="[657,806,1681,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">Xanthorhoini</taxonomicName>
as follows: the straight, “erect” hind wing upper discocellular vein (mdcv, here DC1) and large coremata pencils on seventh abdominal segment of male (subsuming
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FF75F945DA19F90C" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[151,335,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euphyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FF75F945DBA3F90C" box="[151,245,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Euphyia</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
into his genus
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FE1BF945D98AF90C" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[505,732,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FE1BF945D92BF90C" box="[505,637,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Xanthorhoe</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF86FFD3FF17F961DE31F858" blockId="32.[151,1436,1465,2029]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Herbulot (1961) recombined the groups Epirrhoinae Pierce and Ortholithinae Pierce in
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF86FFD3FB27F961DE08F8E8" box="[1221,1374,1789,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">Xanthorhoini</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FF86FFD3FA8AF961DA30F8C4" author="Holloway" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Holloway, J. D. (1997) The moths of Borneo. Part 10. Geometridae Sterrhinae, Larentiinae. Malayan Nature Journal, 51, 1 - 242, 12 pls." type="journal article" year="1997">Holloway (1997: 190)</bibRefCitation>
wrote: “The presence of a large pair of coremata just distal to the eighth segment in male abdomen appears to be the most constant feature for this tribe. Though the occurrence of a calcar ... is an additional diagnostic feature…”. Holloway (loc. cit.) diagnosed the calcar as a curved process, club-like structure arising centrally from the juxta between the bases of valves. The group requires a global revision (
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FF86FFD3FB8BF811DE0CF858" author="Holloway" box="[1129,1370,1933,1957]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Holloway, J. D., Bradley, J. D. &amp; Carter, D. J. (1987) Lepidoptera in: CIE Guides to Insects of Importance to Man. 1. C. R. Betts (Ed.). CAB International Institute of Entomology, Wallingford, England. 262 pp." type="book" year="1987">
Holloway
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF86FFD3FB02F812DE4EF858" box="[1248,1304,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF86FFD3FF25F82DD800F810" blockId="32.[151,1436,1465,2029]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Modifications in the region of fultura inferior as defined here, include: Sternite A7 is membranized to a filiform stripe, the corresponding tergite to a bow-shaped sclerite.</paragraph>
<caption id="0E8082FCFF87FFD2FF75F93CDF9EF8EF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279507/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[264,1310,214,1644]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF87FFD2FF75F93CDF9EF8EF" blockId="33.[151,1436,1696,1810]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF87FFD2FF75F93CDA33F948" bold="true" box="[151,357,1696,1719]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURES 130135</emphasis>
, Male genitalia and coremata of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF87FFD2FD50F93CD86AF94B" box="[690,828,1696,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">Xanthorhoini</taxonomicName>
. 130, Size of coremata and genitalia in
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF87FFD2FB2BF93CDA2AF928" authority="(Wollaston) (Madeira)" authorityName="(Wollaston) (Madeira" baseAuthorityName="Wollaston" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicola">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF87FFD2FB2BF93CDECAF94B" box="[1225,1436,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Xanthorhoe rupicola</emphasis>
(Wollaston) (Madeira)
</taxonomicName>
; 131, posterior abdominal segments of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF87FFD2FCEAF95CDF09F928" authority="(Wollaston) (Madeira)" authorityName="(Wollaston) (Madeira" box="[776,1119,1727,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicola">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF87FFD2FCEAF95CD822F928" box="[776,884,1727,1749]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">X rupicola</emphasis>
(Wollaston) (Madeira)
</taxonomicName>
; 132, male genitalia and aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF87FFD2FF3CF942D96EF90E" authority="(Wollaston) (Madeira)" authorityName="(Wollaston) (Madeira" box="[222,568,1757,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicola">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF87FFD2FF3CF942DA1DF90E" box="[222,331,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">X rupicola</emphasis>
(Wollaston) (Madeira)
</taxonomicName>
; 133, male genitalia, aedeagus and coremata of X
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF87FFD2FBDCF942DFF5F90E" box="[1086,1187,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">inaequata</emphasis>
Warren (Madeira); 134, male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF87FFD2FEA5F961D94CF8EF" authority="Clerck" authorityName="Clerck" box="[327,538,1788,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugata">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF87FFD2FEA5F961DAEBF8EF" box="[327,445,1788,1810]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">X ferrugata</emphasis>
(Clerck)
</taxonomicName>
; 135, female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF87FFD2FCF9F961DF92F8EF" authority="Christoph" authorityName="Christoph" box="[795,1220,1788,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bigeminata">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF87FFD2FCF9F961D8F5F8EF" box="[795,931,1788,1810]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">X bigeminata</emphasis>
(Christoph) (Turkmenistan)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF87FFD2FF25F8A3DABDF886" blockId="33.[151,1436,1855,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Sternite A8 is reduced to a stripe, smooth in Holarctic species but V-shaped angulate in many southern hemisphere genera (
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FF87FFD2FEA2F8FFDA89F886" box="[320,479,1891,1915]" captionStart="FIGURES 136 138" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1554,1577]" captionTargetBox="[287,1322,158,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[264,1323,155,1545]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 136 138, Male genitalia and coremata of Chrysolarentia Butler and Epyaxa Meyrick (Xanthorhoini). 136, Male genitalia and abdominal segments A 7 and A 8 with coremata of Chrysolarentia mecynata (Guenée) (Tasmania); 137, male genitalia and abdominal segments A 7 and A 8 with coremata of Chrysolarentia sp. (Australia); 138, male genitalia and abdominal segments A 7 and A 8 with coremata of Epyaxa subidaria (Guenée) (Tasmania)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279508/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 136, 137</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF87FFD2FF25F81BD8BDF81A" blockId="33.[151,1436,1855,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Tergite A8 usually consists of a basal stripe and dorsal semi-membranous flap (
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FF87FFD2FBD9F81BDFF6F862" box="[1083,1184,1927,1951]" captionStart="FIGURES 130 135" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[264,1310,214,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[264,1323,193,1675]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 130 135, Male genitalia and coremata of Xanthorhoini. 130, Size of coremata and genitalia in Xanthorhoe rupicola (Wollaston) (Madeira); 131, posterior abdominal segments of X rupicola (Wollaston) (Madeira); 132, male genitalia and aedeagus of X rupicola (Wollaston) (Madeira); 133, male genitalia, aedeagus and coremata of X inaequata Warren (Madeira); 134, male genitalia of X ferrugata (Clerck); 135, female genitalia of X bigeminata (Christoph) (Turkmenistan)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279507/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 131</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FF87FFD2FB49F81BDF8FF862" box="[1195,1241,1927,1951]" captionStart="FIGURES 136 138" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1554,1577]" captionTargetBox="[287,1322,158,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[264,1323,155,1545]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 136 138, Male genitalia and coremata of Chrysolarentia Butler and Epyaxa Meyrick (Xanthorhoini). 136, Male genitalia and abdominal segments A 7 and A 8 with coremata of Chrysolarentia mecynata (Guenée) (Tasmania); 137, male genitalia and abdominal segments A 7 and A 8 with coremata of Chrysolarentia sp. (Australia); 138, male genitalia and abdominal segments A 7 and A 8 with coremata of Epyaxa subidaria (Guenée) (Tasmania)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279508/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">136</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF87FFD2FAE8F81BDBE1F83E" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rheumapterini">Rheumapterini</taxonomicName>
, coremata are at the eighth segment, with both sternite and tergite dissclerotized to a slender central band (
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FF87FFD2FA8CF837DBE0F81A" captionStart="FIGURES 69 73" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1612,1635]" captionTargetBox="[293,1281,210,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[293,1293,193,1591]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 69 73, Vestiture of legs and abdomen in Rheumapterini and Trichopterygini. 69, Male hind tibia of Coryphista meadi Packard (U. S. A.); 70, male hind tibia of Rheumaptera hyrcana Staudinger (Georgia); 71, membranized abdominal segment A 8 in R. hyrcana Staudinger (Georgia); 72, body ventral side vestiture of Tatosoma tipulata (Walker) (New Zealand); 73, male hind leg with hair pencil of Oulobophora internata (Püngeler) (Turkey)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279494/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
); labides sometimes present, on fultura, (
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FF87FFD2FD60F853D854F81A" author="Craw" box="[642,770,1999,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Craw, R. C. (1987) Revision of the genus Helastia sensu stricto with description of a new genus. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 14, 269 - 283." type="journal article" year="1987">Craw 1987</bibRefCitation>
), or headed on stalk.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0E8082FCFF84FFD1FF75F98ED8EFF978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279508/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[287,1322,158,1528]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF84FFD1FF75F98ED8EFF978" blockId="34.[151,1436,1554,1669]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FF75F98EDA3EF9D5" bold="true" box="[151,360,1554,1577]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 136138</emphasis>
, Male genitalia and coremata of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FD26F98FD8F5F9D4" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" box="[708,931,1555,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chrysolarentia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FD26F98FD80AF9D4" box="[708,860,1555,1577]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chrysolarentia</emphasis>
Butler
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FC38F988DE7EF9D4" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[986,1320,1555,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epyaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FC38F988DF70F9D4" box="[986,1062,1556,1577]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Epyaxa</emphasis>
Meyrick (Xanthorhoini)
</taxonomicName>
. 136, Male genitalia and abdominal segments A7 and A8 with coremata of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FCFEF9AEDFADF9B5" authority="(Guenee) (Tasmania)" authorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" box="[796,1275,1586,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chrysolarentia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mecynata">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FCFEF9AEDF4DF9B5" box="[796,1051,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chrysolarentia mecynata</emphasis>
(Guenée) (Tasmania)
</taxonomicName>
; 137, male genitalia and abdominal segments A7 and A8 with coremata of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FD1FF9CCD8C0F99B" box="[765,918,1616,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chrysolarentia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FD1FF9CCD8C0F99B" box="[765,918,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chrysolarentia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (Australia); 138, male genitalia and abdominal segments A7 and A8 with coremata of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FDC1F9ECD8E3F978" authority="(Guenee) (Tasmania)" authorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" box="[547,949,1647,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epyaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subidaria">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FDC1F9ECD980F978" box="[547,726,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Epyaxa subidaria</emphasis>
(Guenée) (Tasmania)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF84FFD1FF25F92EDE06F8CB" blockId="34.[151,1436,1714,2026]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The tribe as defined above is polymorphic. The seventh segment may be broad, variously modifed both in south hemisphere and boreal genera (
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FE15F94BD840F913" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[503,790,1750,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Camptogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FE15F94BD9FCF913" box="[503,682,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Camptogramma</emphasis>
Stephens
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FF84FFD1FCFCF94AD8EAF913" box="[798,956,1750,1774]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 148" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1698,1721]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,195,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[264,1323,195,1677]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 139 148, male genitalia and coremata and female genitalia of Camptogramma Stephens and Catarhoe Herbulot (Xanthorhoini). 139, Male genitalia of Camptogramma bilineata (Linnaeus); 140, coremata of male C bilineata (Linnaeus); 141, male genitalia of C. bistrigata (Treitschke) (Sardinia); 142, male genitalia and aedeagus of Catarhoe arachne Wiltshire (Tadjikistan); 143, coremata of C.. arachne Wiltshire (Tadjikistan); 144, female genitalia of C turkmenica (Stshetkin) (Turkmenistan); 145, aedeagus and male genitalia of C basochesiata (Duponchel) (Cyprus); 146, male coremata of C basochesiata (Duponchel) (Cypros); 147, female genitalia of C. permixtaria (Herrich Schäffer) (Armenia); 148, male coremata of Camptogramma bistrigata (Treitschke) (Sardinia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279509/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 139, 140</figureCitation>
). Male genital armatures are large in some genera (
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FF12F966DACAF8EF" authority="Prout" authorityName="Prout" box="[240,412,1786,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Catarhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FF12F966DA01F8EF" box="[240,343,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Catarhoe</emphasis>
Prout
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FF84FFD1FE45F966D969F8EF" box="[423,575,1786,1810]" captionStart="FIGURES 139 148" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1698,1721]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,195,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[264,1323,195,1677]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 139 148, male genitalia and coremata and female genitalia of Camptogramma Stephens and Catarhoe Herbulot (Xanthorhoini). 139, Male genitalia of Camptogramma bilineata (Linnaeus); 140, coremata of male C bilineata (Linnaeus); 141, male genitalia of C. bistrigata (Treitschke) (Sardinia); 142, male genitalia and aedeagus of Catarhoe arachne Wiltshire (Tadjikistan); 143, coremata of C.. arachne Wiltshire (Tadjikistan); 144, female genitalia of C turkmenica (Stshetkin) (Turkmenistan); 145, aedeagus and male genitalia of C basochesiata (Duponchel) (Cyprus); 146, male coremata of C basochesiata (Duponchel) (Cypros); 147, female genitalia of C. permixtaria (Herrich Schäffer) (Armenia); 148, male coremata of Camptogramma bistrigata (Treitschke) (Sardinia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279509/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 142148</figureCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FDA8F966D9FAF8EF" box="[586,684,1786,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epirrhoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FDA8F966D9FAF8EF" box="[586,684,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Epirrhoe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="C2C4CEF1FF84FFD1FD58F966D84CF8EF" box="[698,794,1786,1810]" captionStart="FIGURES 153 154" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1804,1827]" captionTargetBox="[271,1318,1334,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[264,1323,1331,1783]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 153 154, Male genitalia of Epirrhoe (Hübner). 153, Male genitalia of Epirhoe rivata (Hübner); 154, male posterior abdominal segments and coremata of E rivata. (Hübner)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279511/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 153</figureCitation>
). There are sclerotized longitudinal folds in epirrhoine and catarhoine female genitalia.
<emphasis id="688B0E66FF84FFD1FE2EF882D913F8CB" box="[460,581,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Epirrhoina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E6EAF85FF84FFD1FDAEF882D982F8CB" author="Pierce" box="[588,724,1822,1846]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Pierce, F. N. (1914) The Genitalia of The Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. Liverpool, 90 pp., 48 pls." type="book" year="1914">Pierce, 1914</bibRefCitation>
was synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FC3FF882DF39F8CB" box="[989,1135,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">Xanthorhoini</taxonomicName>
by Herbulot (1961).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF84FFD1FF25F8DED8ECF83B" blockId="34.[151,1436,1714,2026]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The presence of extensile coremata to the distal end of male abdomen, associated with membranization of the two last segments, is shared by
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FDE9F8FAD9F5F883" box="[523,675,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">Xanthorhoini</taxonomicName>
, Cataclysmini, Euphyiini. The presence of a medial appendage to juxta (calcar) is shared by most xanthorhoine genera and the
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FCB1F816D897F85F" box="[851,961,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Larentiini">Larentiini</taxonomicName>
but not Euphyiini. Female apophyses are short and weak in
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FE86F832DAAFF83B" box="[356,505,1966,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">Xanthorhoini</taxonomicName>
and Cataclysmini, but not in Euphyiini.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12E581FFFF84FFD1FF25F84EDF5DF817" box="[199,1035,2002,2026]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A40D274FF84FFD1FF25F84EDF5DF817" blockId="34.[151,1436,1714,2026]" box="[199,1035,2002,2026]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="9DFFA9F7FF84FFD1FE96F84ED958F817" box="[372,526,2002,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xanthorhoini">Xanthorhoini</taxonomicName>
: all regions, tending boreal and mountainous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>