159 lines
24 KiB
XML
159 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="6332FD140C08503AE16081FFE96D13F3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.11" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411478" ID-ZooBank="93DB37F6-2564-4E3A-AA25-4A842994BE68" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609608099647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gale, Andrew S." docDate="2020" docId="0397B63B5276FFDEFF13F9A96713FE95" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4858.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4858 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chaetasterina gracilis Hess 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="FFAECE435272FFDBFF84FFBB6517FF88" masterDocTitle="The fossil record of the asteroid (Echinodermata) family Chaetasteridae Sladen 1889 and subfamily Hyalothricinae Fisher, 1911" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="144" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1698829810915" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4A48A83DDBD27C0126BF67EADC88249B">The fossil record of the asteroid (Echinodermata) family Chaetasteridae Sladen 1889 and subfamily Hyalothricinae Fisher, 1911</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C98ED2E5E540625791739302396FE92C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8E48519F83EDE38D4C039CDD0E51416A">Gale, Andrew S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="99AE7A211E615B44E533D25B941ACF43">School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 13 QL U. K. & Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 75 BD U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F42AAB333D3563EA2AA5081AD0979604">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ABC433FB7DE772E3CF8666CD31E0F2F0">
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<mods:date id="E8085B565E8FF52D5BF2CD985BCBC954">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4F4295D6F50A49FFFFDC08409B98C09C">2020-09-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3269BA4E9B29A726FE13A77254D0976A">4858</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4962035675E891BAC8AFFA12ABD43FF5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1423D8C0E15DD7FA09008B63A0868A4D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0397B63B5276FFDEFF13F9A96713FE95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4520028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397B63B5276FFDEFF13F9A96713FE95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397B63B5276FFDEFF13F9A96713FE95" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65276FFDFFF13F9A9673AF9A4" box="[151,557,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5276FFDFFF13F9A9673AF9A4" blockId="4.[151,557,1554,1617]" box="[151,557,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="D0C9B0415276FFDFFF13F9A9673AF9A4" bold="true" box="[151,557,1554,1581]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFF13F9A9673AF9A4" authority="Hess, 1970" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,557,1554,1581]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Chaetasterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFF13F9A9673AF9A4" bold="true" box="[151,557,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFF13F9A964B5F9A5" bold="true" box="[151,418,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Chaetasterina gracilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5276FFDFFE2DF9A8673AF9A4" author="Hess, H." box="[425,557,1554,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" pagination="1069 - 1091" refId="ref2858" refString="Hess, H. (1970) Schlangensterne and Seesterne aus dem oberen Hauterivian " Pierre Jaune " von St-Blaise bei Neuchatel. Eclogae geologiae Helvetica, 63, 1069 - 1091." type="journal article" year="1970">Hess, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65276FFDFFF13F98C67C8F91B" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5276FFDFFF13F98C6408F9D9" blockId="4.[151,557,1554,1617]" box="[151,287,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85276FFDFFF13F98C65E3F9D9" box="[151,244,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[174,1414,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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C–I
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5276FFDFFF13F9C067C8F91B" blockId="4.[151,735,1659,1683]" box="[151,735,1659,1683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
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1970
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFF54F9C0648CF91B" authority="Hess" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1970" box="[208,411,1659,1683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Chaetasterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFF54F9C06477F91B" box="[208,352,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Chaetasterina</emphasis>
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Hess
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</taxonomicName>
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: p. 1082, figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65276FFDFFF13F97A64B8F954" box="[151,431,1729,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5276FFDFFF13F97A64B8F954" blockId="4.[151,1437,1729,2008]" box="[151,431,1729,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFF13F97A6405F953" bold="true" box="[151,274,1729,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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As for genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65276FFDFFF43F95E6043F977" box="[199,1364,1765,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5276FFDFFF43F95E6043F977" blockId="4.[151,1437,1729,2008]" box="[199,1364,1765,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFF43F95E641EF977" bold="true" box="[199,265,1765,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Type.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B560D705276FFDFFE94F95E6047F977" box="[272,1360,1765,1792]" collectionCode="NMB" collectorName="Hess A" country="Switzerland" location="Upper Hauterivian" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Neuchatel" typeStatus="holotype">
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The unique
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<typeStatus id="5485B98F5276FFDFFE12F95E64EFF977" box="[406,504,1765,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is from the
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<location id="8EE151F65276FFDFFDFBF95D6647F977" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397B63B5276FFDEFF13F9A96713FE95:8EE151F65276FFDFFDFBF95D6647F977" box="[639,848,1765,1792]" country="Switzerland" name="Upper Hauterivian" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Neuchatel">Upper Hauterivian</location>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="49FAC9CF5276FFDFFCF1F95E66FEF977" box="[885,1001,1765,1791]" country="Switzerland" name="Neuchatel" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Neuchâtel</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32947BD5276FFDFFC71F95E616CF977" box="[1013,1147,1765,1791]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED2F9FE85276FFDFFB0DF95E61DDF977" box="[1161,1226,1765,1791]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">NMB</collectionCode>
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<collectorName id="26CB62FB5276FFDFFB56F95D6036F888" box="[1234,1313,1766,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Hess A</collectorName>
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94)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65276FFDEFF43F8B26713FE95" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5276FFDEFF43F8B26713FE95" blockId="4.[151,1437,1729,2008]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFF43F8B2642CF8AB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1801,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The sole specimen is small (R approximately
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<quantity id="4CC6AAC85276FFDFFCBFF8B2669DF8AC" box="[827,906,1801,1828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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) and probably juvenile, but well-preserved, and parts of the specimen are covered in tiny, dense spines, similar to those on
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFC54F8966148F8CF" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[976,1119,1837,1863]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFC54F8966148F8CF" box="[976,1119,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The abactinal ossicles (
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85276FFDFFAEBF89665AFF8E3" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[174,1414,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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) of the arm are arranged in transverse rows diverging from mid-radius, very different from situation in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFAC6F8EA65D6F807" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFAC6F8EA65D6F807" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Chaetaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in which the abactinals form well-defined columns extending from the disc to the arm tip (
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85276FFDFFB47F8CE600FF807" box="[1219,1304,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,183,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[162,1426,179,1865]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848. Holotype specimen NHMUK 47000, “Lower Chalk”, probably Middle Turonian, Balcombe, Sussex, UK.A, actinal surface, B, enlargement of abactinal surface and base of arms. C–F, Chaetaster longipes (Bruzelius, 1805). C, enlargement of actinal arm. D, enlargement of abactinal disc. E, actinal view of specimen. F, abactinal view of specimen. Recent, Mediterranean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411480/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
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). The abactinals of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFF7EF8216465F83B" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1970" box="[250,370,1945,1972]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Chaetasterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFF7EF8216465F83B" box="[250,370,1945,1972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">C. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85276FFDFFE05F82264D3F83B" box="[385,452,1945,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[174,1414,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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E-I) are small and paxillose, with flanged, imbricating bases, like those in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFA89F822608BF83B" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[1293,1436,1945,1971]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFA89F822608BF83B" box="[1293,1436,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85276FFDFFF24F80665EAF85F" box="[160,253,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[174,1414,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
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) and unlike the robust, block-like ossicles of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFC85F806666BF85F" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[769,892,1981,2007]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFC85F806666BF85F" box="[769,892,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Chaetaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85276FFDFFC08F8066111F850" box="[908,1030,1981,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,183,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[162,1426,179,1865]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848. Holotype specimen NHMUK 47000, “Lower Chalk”, probably Middle Turonian, Balcombe, Sussex, UK.A, actinal surface, B, enlargement of abactinal surface and base of arms. C–F, Chaetaster longipes (Bruzelius, 1805). C, enlargement of actinal arm. D, enlargement of abactinal disc. E, actinal view of specimen. F, abactinal view of specimen. Recent, Mediterranean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411480/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1D, F</figureCitation>
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). The inferomarginals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFAA1F805608AF85F" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1970" box="[1317,1437,1981,2008]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Chaetasterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFAA1F805608AF85F" box="[1317,1437,1981,2008]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">C. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13051BA85277FFDEFF24FF2C641AFF39" box="[160,269,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[174,1414,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
) are small and similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5277FFDEFD03FF2C6601FF39" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[647,790,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5277FFDEFD03FF2C6601FF39" box="[647,790,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13051BA85277FFDEFCA1FF2C6663FF39" box="[805,884,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[174,1414,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The body shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5277FFDEFBDFFF2C61C5FF39" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1970" box="[1115,1234,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Chaetasterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5277FFDEFBDFFF2C61C5FF39" box="[1115,1234,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">C. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with short, straplike arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13051BA85277FFDEFE94FF00649EFF5D" box="[272,393,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[174,1414,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and broad disc, is unlike those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5277FFDEFC9CFF006686FF5D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[792,913,187,213]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5277FFDEFC9CFF006686FF5D" box="[792,913,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">Hyalothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, which have long, cylindrical arms and a small disc. However, the unique specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5277FFDEFD5BFF646641FF71" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1970" box="[735,854,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Chaetasterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5277FFDEFD5BFF646641FF71" box="[735,854,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="149">C. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably a juvenile, and many asteroid juveniles have proportionately short arms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |