203 lines
26 KiB
XML
203 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="5EC35F9A790A0C5594EF85FBBDEB589A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.11" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411478" ID-ZooBank="93DB37F6-2564-4E3A-AA25-4A842994BE68" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609608099647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gale, Andrew S." docDate="2020" docId="0397B63B5273FFDFFF13FA8161C9FEED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4858.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4858 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Arthraster dixoni Forbes 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="FFAECE435272FFDBFF84FFBB6517FF88" masterDocTitle="The fossil record of the asteroid (Echinodermata) family Chaetasteridae Sladen 1889 and subfamily Hyalothricinae Fisher, 1911" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="144" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1698829810915" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C3A54A37D59D27CF2FB236460CBB5F6A">The fossil record of the asteroid (Echinodermata) family Chaetasteridae Sladen 1889 and subfamily Hyalothricinae Fisher, 1911</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FF3A57BAF7B722AED3CBA72547015D61" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4830F1B6943196A45C398E17A976C0AD">Gale, Andrew S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F1811E05FFE1093A7AB7616250FD891">School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 13 QL U. K. & Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 75 BD U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="81A321ADE5A72F8E73BE786B12C3F836">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9F6CB8FBA2FAF9DB1B0274527D6BC754">
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<mods:date id="989757722BC01569832470AEDEF9FC6E">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="98C0540E770365885284162246396EAE">2020-09-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5FDAF429CBC17DBAFEDB8CFE58CD1D86">4858</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FCF5C3A5106BFA33E77B2E1C80544114">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="78F83DE590FFD416C62ABB11CC96179A">144</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="0E80ECD973E8866D57D9195655060AB6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DF57C9FA3A2191CD5826A52D47B155EC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4E089FC9654D9A82E2F55D7143FBCE38" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0397B63B5273FFDFFF13FA8161C9FEED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4510546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4510546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397B63B5273FFDFFF13FA8161C9FEED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397B63B5273FFDFFF13FA8161C9FEED" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65273FFDAFF13FA816707FADC" box="[151,528,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF13FA816707FADC" blockId="1.[151,528,1338,1401]" box="[151,528,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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<heading id="D0C9B0415273FFDAFF13FA816707FADC" bold="true" box="[151,528,1338,1365]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5273FFDAFF13FA816707FADC" ID-CoL="8TXQW" authority="Forbes, 1848" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,528,1338,1365]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFF13FA816707FADC" bold="true" box="[151,528,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFF13FA81647EFADD" bold="true" box="[151,361,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5273FFDAFEF4FA806707FADC" author="Forbes, E." box="[368,528,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" pagination="457 - 482" refId="ref2662" refString="Forbes, E. (1848) On the Asteriadae found fossil in British strata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of Practical Geology in London, 2, 457 - 482." type="journal article" year="1848">Forbes, 1848</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65273FFDAFF13FAE46662F9FC" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF13FAE46491FAF1" blockId="1.[151,528,1338,1401]" box="[151,390,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85273FFDAFF13FAE46420FAF1" box="[151,311,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,183,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[162,1426,179,1865]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848. Holotype specimen NHMUK 47000, “Lower Chalk”, probably Middle Turonian, Balcombe, Sussex, UK.A, actinal surface, B, enlargement of abactinal surface and base of arms. C–F, Chaetaster longipes (Bruzelius, 1805). C, enlargement of actinal arm. D, enlargement of abactinal disc. E, actinal view of specimen. F, abactinal view of specimen. Recent, Mediterranean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411480/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Figures 1A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85273FFDAFEC7FAE46491FAF1" box="[323,390,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-22@3.[174,1414,181,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">2A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF43FA1C6764FA48" blockId="1.[151,885,1447,1653]" box="[199,627,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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1848
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5273FFDAFE82FA1C6737FA49" authority="Forbes" authorityName="Forbes" box="[262,544,1447,1473]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFE82FA1C64DFFA49" box="[262,456,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
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Forbes
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</taxonomicName>
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: p. 467.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF43FA7767C7FA6D" blockId="1.[151,885,1447,1653]" box="[199,720,1484,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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1850
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5273FFDAFE84FA7764E8FA6C" authority="Forbes" authorityName="Forbes" box="[256,511,1484,1508]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFE84FA7764B8FA6C" box="[256,431,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
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Forbes
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</taxonomicName>
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: p. 336, pl. 23 fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF13FA4A6679F980" blockId="1.[151,885,1447,1653]" box="[151,878,1520,1545]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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p 1907
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5273FFDAFE84FA4B6716F980" authority="Forbes." authorityName="Forbes." box="[256,513,1520,1544]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFE84FA4B64B8F980" box="[256,431,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
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Forbes.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Spencer: p. 91, pl. 18: fig. 1 only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF43F9AE67D7F9A5" blockId="1.[151,885,1447,1653]" box="[199,704,1556,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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1913
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5273FFDAFE84F9AF6716F9A4" authority="Forbes." authorityName="Forbes." box="[256,513,1556,1580]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFE84F9AF64B8F9A4" box="[256,431,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
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Forbes.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Spencer: p. 140.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF43F98267D7F9D8" blockId="1.[151,885,1447,1653]" box="[199,704,1592,1617]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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1918
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5273FFDAFE84F9836716F9D8" authority="Forbes." authorityName="Forbes." box="[256,513,1592,1616]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFE84F98364B8F9D8" box="[256,431,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
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Forbes.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Spencer: p. 168.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF43F9E76662F9FC" blockId="1.[151,885,1447,1653]" box="[199,885,1628,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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1966
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5273FFDAFE84F9E76717F9FC" authority="Forbes." authorityName="Forbes." box="[256,512,1628,1652]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFE84F9E764B8F9FC" box="[256,431,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
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Forbes.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Spencer & Wright: U74, fig. 64.8.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65273FFDAFF13F91961E2F935" box="[151,1269,1698,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF13F91961E2F935" blockId="1.[151,1437,1698,1977]" box="[151,1269,1698,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFF13F9196405F934" bold="true" box="[151,274,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5273FFDAFE9CF918649AF935" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[280,397,1699,1725]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFE9CF918649AF935" box="[280,397,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Arthraster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in which the crest on the extraxial arm ossicles is low and weakly sculptured.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32454A65273FFDAFF43F97C66DEF969" box="[199,969,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF43F97C66DEF969" blockId="1.[151,1437,1698,1977]" box="[199,969,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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<materialsCitation id="3B560D705273FFDAFF43F97C66DEF969" box="[199,969,1735,1761]" country="United Kingdom" location="Middle Turonian of Balcombe" municipality="Sussex" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFF43F97C641EF969" bold="true" box="[199,265,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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<typeStatus id="5485B98F5273FFDAFF43F97C6413F969" box="[199,260,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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NHMUK 47000,
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<location id="8EE151F65273FFDAFE51F97C663CF969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397B63B5273FFDFFF13FA8161C9FEED:8EE151F65273FFDAFE51F97C663CF969" box="[469,811,1735,1761]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="Sussex" name="Middle Turonian of Balcombe" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Middle Turonian of Balcombe</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE59D575273FFDAFCB2F97C6690F969" box="[822,903,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Sussex</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32947BD5273FFDAFC16F97C66DEF969" box="[914,969,1735,1761]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">U.K.</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32454A65273FFDAFF43F95164DEF831" pageId="1" pageNumber="145" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5273FFDAFF43F95164DEF831" blockId="1.[151,1437,1698,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5273FFDAFF43F951644EF88C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1770,1796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Description.</emphasis>
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Arms cylindrical, elongated, disc small (
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85273FFDAFCADF9506695F88D" box="[809,898,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,183,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[162,1426,179,1865]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848. Holotype specimen NHMUK 47000, “Lower Chalk”, probably Middle Turonian, Balcombe, Sussex, UK.A, actinal surface, B, enlargement of abactinal surface and base of arms. C–F, Chaetaster longipes (Bruzelius, 1805). C, enlargement of actinal arm. D, enlargement of abactinal disc. E, actinal view of specimen. F, abactinal view of specimen. Recent, Mediterranean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411480/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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). Arms made up of 7 rows of extraxial ossicles, including radials (1), marginals (2 pairs) and actinals (1 pair). Actinals, inferomarginals, superomarginals in longitudinally and transversely aligned rows, bearing central, transverse crest. Radials with tall crest, concave distally. Abactinal surface of disc (
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<figureCitation id="13051BA85273FFDAFE3AF8EC6704F8F9" box="[446,531,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,183,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[162,1426,179,1865]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848. Holotype specimen NHMUK 47000, “Lower Chalk”, probably Middle Turonian, Balcombe, Sussex, UK.A, actinal surface, B, enlargement of abactinal surface and base of arms. C–F, Chaetaster longipes (Bruzelius, 1805). C, enlargement of actinal arm. D, enlargement of abactinal disc. E, actinal view of specimen. F, abactinal view of specimen. Recent, Mediterranean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411480/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="145">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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) rimmed by broad supero- and inferomarginals, including single interradial pair. Abactinal ossicles of disc small, round to oval, bearing central process. Adradials small, 4 pairs in each arm, only extending into base of arm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF4157A55270FFD9FF13F8D86752F86F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411480/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="146" startId="2.[151,250,1891,1915]" targetBox="[163,1425,183,1865]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8B81072D5270FFD9FF13F8D86752F86F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1891,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="146">
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<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5270FFD9FF13F8D86405F8F3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1891,1915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="146">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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A, B,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5270FFD9FED6F8D8679AF8F3" authority="Forbes, 1848" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[338,653,1891,1915]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="146" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
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||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5270FFD9FED6F8D86717F8F3" box="[338,512,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="146">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5270FFD9FD82F8D8679AF8F3" author="Forbes, E." box="[518,653,1891,1915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="146" pagination="457 - 482" refId="ref2662" refString="Forbes, E. (1848) On the Asteriadae found fossil in British strata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of Practical Geology in London, 2, 457 - 482." type="journal article" year="1848">Forbes, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype specimen NHMUK 47000, “Lower Chalk”, probably Middle Turonian, Balcombe, Sussex, UK. A, actinal surface, B, enlargement of abactinal surface and base of arms. C–F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5270FFD9FB56F83C6459F84B" authority="(Bruzelius, 1805)" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="146" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5270FFD9FB56F83C608BF817" box="[1234,1436,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="146">Chaetaster longipes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5270FFD9FF1AF8106452F84B" author="Bruzelius, N." box="[158,325,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="146" refId="ref2478" refString="Bruzelius, N. (1805) Dissertatio sistens species cognitas asteriarum, quamr. sub praesidio A. J. Retzius exhibet N. Bruzelius. Berlingianis, Lundae, 37 pp." type="book" year="1805">Bruzelius, 1805</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. C, enlargement of actinal arm. D, enlargement of abactinal disc. E, actinal view of specimen. F, abactinal view of specimen. Recent, Mediterranean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4157A55271FFD8FF13F8956661F872" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411482/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="147" startId="3.[151,250,1838,1862]" targetBox="[180,1405,188,1805]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81072D5271FFD8FF13F8956661F872" blockId="3.[151,1437,1838,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5271FFD8FF13F8956403F8CE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1838,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="147">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5271FFD8FEDDF895678EF8CE" authority="Forbes, 1848" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[345,665,1838,1862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Arthraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="147" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dixoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5271FFD8FEDDF895671EF8CE" box="[345,521,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="147">Arthraster dixoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5271FFD8FD95F895678EF8CE" author="Forbes, E." box="[529,665,1838,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="147" pagination="457 - 482" refId="ref2662" refString="Forbes, E. (1848) On the Asteriadae found fossil in British strata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum of Practical Geology in London, 2, 457 - 482." type="journal article" year="1848">Forbes, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5271FFD8FC5EF8E96022F8E2" authority="Hess, 1970" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1970" box="[986,1333,1874,1898]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Chaetasterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="147" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5271FFD8FC5EF8E961ABF8E2" box="[986,1212,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="147">Chaetasterina gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5271FFD8FB46F8E96022F8E2" author="Hess, H." box="[1218,1333,1874,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="147" pagination="1069 - 1091" refId="ref2858" refString="Hess, H. (1970) Schlangensterne and Seesterne aus dem oberen Hauterivian " Pierre Jaune " von St-Blaise bei Neuchatel. Eclogae geologiae Helvetica, 63, 1069 - 1091." type="journal article" year="1970">Hess, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5271FFD8FC25F8CD610EF806" author="Hess, H." box="[929,1049,1910,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="147" pagination="1069 - 1091" refId="ref2858" refString="Hess, H. (1970) Schlangensterne and Seesterne aus dem oberen Hauterivian " Pierre Jaune " von St-Blaise bei Neuchatel. Eclogae geologiae Helvetica, 63, 1069 - 1091." type="journal article" year="1970">Hess (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5271FFD8FF56F8056444F85E" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1911" box="[210,339,1982,2006]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" genus="Hyalinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="147" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5271FFD8FF56F8056444F85E" box="[210,339,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="147">Hyalinothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32454A65276FFDFFF43FF2C61C9FEED" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81072D5276FFDFFF43FF2C61C9FEED" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFF43FF2C642CFF39" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The well-preserved actinal surface of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485B98F5276FFDFFC9CFF2C666DFF39" box="[792,890,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has been illustrated a number of times (see synonomy, above), and the basic construction of the arm has been described. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5276FFDFFBC0FF0061F8FF5D" author="Spencer, W. K." box="[1092,1263,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" pagination="109 - 168" refId="ref3316" refString="Spencer, W. K. (1918) A monograph of the British Palaeozoic Asterozoa. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, Part 3, pp. 109 - 168, pls. 6 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1918.12088367" type="book chapter" year="1918">Spencer (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF7ADC5276FFDFFAA1FF006425FF71" author="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W." pageId="4" pageNumber="148" pagination="1" refId="ref3364" refString="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W. (1966) Asterozoans. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part U. Echinodermata 3 (1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. U 4 - U 107." type="book chapter" year="1966">Spencer & Wright (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 64.8) mistook the two rows of actinal ossicles for adambulacrals, which appear on the edges of the ambulacral groove. In 2005, I was permitted to develop the part of the abactinal surface of the disc and basal arms of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485B98F5276FFDFFEA4FE9C6492FEC9" box="[288,389,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which showed considerable similarities with the same parts of the living genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E7CAE5276FFDFFA9EFE9C6082FEC9" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1306,1429,295,321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="148" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94ADB3F5276FFDFFA9EFE9C6082FEC9" box="[1306,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="148">Chaetaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These include the ridged interradial marginal ossicles, and the small abactinal ossicles of the disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |